USA > Minnesota > Ramsey County > St Paul > History of Ramsey County and the city of St. Paul, including the Explorers and pioneers of Minnesota > Part 29
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This led to correspondence between Major Woods, in command at the fort, and the secretary of war, and also other letters. A letter descrip- tive of the property at that time is here intro- duced, but the details must be taken with many grains of allowance, as the writer was in league with the grasping congressman, to descry the property and obtain it for a song.
In September, Mr. Smith had asked the privi- lege of purchasing the buildings, and in March, 1853, Captain N. J. T. Dana, quartermaster at Fort Snelling, wrote to the quartermaster-general at Washington: "I returned to this post on the 20th instant, and on the next day visited the old mill and buildings belonging to the quartermas- ter's department, and now in possession of HIon. Robert Smith, and I submit the following as my opinion of the value of the buildings to the gov- ernment at the time when Mr. Smith received then. The old stone grist-mill, the building somewhat dilapidated, the water-wheel worn out entirely, but the other machinery, including two mill-stones, good, was worth $400. The old frame of a saw-mill, greatly decayed, together with the mill-irons on it and extra posts, mostly worn out, $100. The one-story frame building, much decayed, $200. Fences and races, much de-
cayed, $50." The result of the negotiation was the purchase by Mr. Smith of the improvement, and a permit granted him from the secretary of war to make a claim including the same, although at this time the land formed a part of the Fort Snelling reserve.
The purpose of the grant was that Mr. Smith should operate the mill for the benefit of the gov- ernment, in supplying provender for Fort Snell- ing. This purpose was carried out by Mr. Smith by placing Reuben Bean in charge to operate the mill, soon after substituting Calvin A. Tuttle, who continued several years. The ostensible pur- pose of moving to Minnesota, and personally oc- cupying the buildings and land, was never car- ried out on Mr. Smith's part, for he remained in Illinois until his death, representing Alton dis- trict in the house of representatives at Washing- ton .-
Soon after the erection of Fort Snelling, the fur trade of the northwest, which had previously been carried on by the way of the lakes, took the great river as one important avenue, and the fort became the rendezvous of traders and speculators, forming their channel of communication and base of supplies.
Under the sheltering wing of the fort also sprung up, on the reserve, cabins and small farms, some of which were occupied by French Canadians, who here took a rest from their voy- aging, living with the squaws, with whom they seem to have mated as easily as birds in the spring. Others were occupied by half-breeds, very similar in character to the former, but the Swiss refugees, from Lord Selkirk's colony, were by far the most interesting and important of these squatters. Induced by the flattering representa- tions of Lord Selkirk, a large settlement had been formed on the Red river, in the Hudson Bay ter- ritory, from the Swiss and Scotch. After suffer- ing untold privations from cold, hunger, floods and the strife between the two great fur companies of the north, this colony was broken up and the individuals that constituted it found homes at various points within our territories. Many located near Dubuque, but a few about Fort Snelling, and to this exodus from the north we must ascribe our first settlement. Some of these became farmers with no small pretensions. Perry, who located on the limits of the reserve,
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REMOVAL OF SWISS SETTLERS.
at the cave, near St. Paul, was called the Abra- ham of the country, in consequence of his large flocks.
Near him also lived Benjamin Garvais and his brother Pierre, who had farms with considerable improvements. After occupying their comfort- able liomes for nearly ten years, in obedience to an imperative order from the war department, these inoffensive settlers were forced to abaudon their lands and improvements and seek other homes. We cannot forbear tender sympathy for these simple people, whose misfortunes had al- ready been so great, when we see them the vic- tims of new trouble. The instructions of the war department, reiterated October 31st, 1839, were, however, imperative and inexorable, and it is probable that the unwarranted force exercised was necessary to compel obedience to the military order.
On May 6th, 1840, Edward James, United States marshal for the territory of Wisconsin, called on the commanding officer of Fort Snelling for troops, by his deputy Brunson, and the set- tlers were forcibly and hastily removed. On the following day their cabins were destroyed. Thus rendered homeless and shelterless, they sought new abodes. Perry, Gervais, Clewette, Rondo and some others made claims and settled at St. Paul, while others removed to Wisconsin.
A large portion of what is now Minneapolis
was included in the reservation, and there, similar events were enacted some years later, when squatters began to encroach on that portion of the reserve. The permits granted to a few to locate on the reserve opposite the Falls of St. Anthony, encouraged settlers to make claims and locate there in anticipation of the reduction which it seemed probable was near at hand. It is un- fortunate that it must be recorded of the officers in charge, that their rough treatment in the exe- cution of orders were often executed in an arbi- trary and tyranical manner, unless we discredit the universal testimony of the well known settlers of respectability thus dispossessed. In addition to pulling down their shelters and threatening the occupants with the guard-house in case they re-built, the officers were guilty of corruption and received bribes from the squatters in the form of notes or agreements to pay when their claims were established.
In these various ways the history of our cities, the settlement of the country at large, and even farming and manufacturing find in Fort Snell- ing their origin and first progress. The perusal of the following pages will exhibit much more fully the intimate connection between Fort Snell- ing and the development of the north-west, and, althoughi its influence is a thing of the past, its history will always remain a matter of present interest.
CHRONOLOGY.
CHAPTER XXXI.
PRINCIPAL EVENTS CHRONOLOGICALLY AR- RANGED.
1659. Groselliers (Gro-zay-yay) and Radisson visit Minnesota.
1661. Menaid, a Jesuit missionary ascends the Mississippi, according to Perrot, twelve years be- fore Marquette saw the river.
1665. Allouez, a Jesuit, visited the Minnesota shore of Lake Superior.
1680. Du Luth in June, the first to travel in a canoe from Lake Superior, by way of the St. Croix river, to the Misssissippi. Descending the Mississippi, he writes to Seignelay in 1683: "I proceeded in a canoe two days and two nights, and the next day at ten o'clock in the morning" he found Accault, Augelle, and Father Hennepin, with a hunting party of Sioux. He writes: "The want of respect which they showed to the said Reverend Father provoked me, and this I showed them, telling them he was my brother, and I had him placed in my canoe to come with me into the villages of said Nadouecioux." In September, Du Luth and Hennepin were at the falls of St. Anthony on their way to Mackinaw.
1683. Perrot and Le Sueur visit Lake Pepin. Perrot with twenty men, builds a stockade at the base of a bluff, upon the east bank, just above the entrance of Lake Pepin.
1688. Perrot re-occupied the post on Lake Pepin.
1689. Perrot, at Green Bay, makes a formal record of taking possession of the Sioux country in the name of the king of France.
1693. Le Sueur at the extremity of Lake Su- perior.
1694. Le Sueur builds a post on a prairie island in the Mississippi, about nine miles below Hastings.
1695. Le Sueur brings the first Sioux chiefs who visited Canada.
1700. Le Sueur ascends the Minnesota river. Fort L'Huillier built on a tributary of Blue Earth river.
1702. Fort L'Huillier abandoned.
1727. Fort Beauharnois, in the fall of the year, erected in sight of Maiden's Rock, Lake Pepin, by La Perriere du Boucher.
1728. Verendye stationed at Lake Nepigon.
1731. Verendrye's sons reach Rainy Lake. Fort St. Pierre erected at Rainy Lake.
1732. Fort St. Charles erected at the south- west corner of the Lake of the Woods.
1734. Fort Maurepas established on Winnipeg river.
1736. Verendrye's son and others massacred by the Sioux on the isle in the Lake of the Woods.
1738. Fort La Reine on the Red River estab- lished.
1743. Verendrye's sons reach the Rocky Moun- tains.
1766. Jonathan Carver, on November 17th, reaches the Falls of St. Anthony.
1794. Sandy Lake occupied by the North- west Company.
1802. William Morrison trades at Leech Lake.
1804. William Morrison trades at Elk Lake, now Itasca.
1805. Lieutenant Z. M. Pike purchases the site since occupied by Fort Snelling.
1817. Earl of Selkirk passes through Minne- sota for Lake Winnipeg.
Major Stephen H. Long, U. S. A., visits Falls of St. Anthony.
1818. Dakotah war party under Black Dog, attacks Ojibways on the Pomme de Terre river.
1819. Col. Leavenworth arrives on the 24th of August, with troops at Mendota.
1820. J. B. Faribault brings up to Mendota, horses for Col. Leavenworth. (170)
171
CHRONOLOGY.
Laidlow, superintendent of farming for Earl Selkirk, passes from Pembina to Prairie du Chien to purchase seed wheat. Upon the 15th of April left Prairie du Chien with mackinaw boats and ascended the Minnesota to Big Stone Lake, where the boats were placed on rollers and dragged a short distance to Lake Traverse, and on the 3d of June reached Pembina.
On the 5th of May Col. Leavenworth estab- lished summer quarters at Camp Coldwater, Hen- nepin county.
In July, Governor Cass, of Michigan, visits the camp.
In August, Col. Snelling succeeds Leaven- worth.
September 20th, corner stone laid under com- mand of Col. Snelling.
First white marriage in Minnesota, Lieutenant Green to a daughter of Captain Gooding.
First white child born in Minnesota, daughter of Col. Snelling; died following year.
1821. Fort St. Anthony was sufficiently com- pleted to be occupied by troops.
Mill at St. Anthony Falls constructed for the use of garrison, under the supervision of Lieuten- ant McCabe.
1822. Col. Dickson attempted to take a drove of cattle to Pembina.
1823. The first steamboat, the Virginia, on May 10th, arrived at the mouth of the Minnesota river.
Mill stones for grinding flour sent to St. An- thony Falls:
Major Long, U. S. A., visits the northern boundary by way of the Minnesota and Red river.
Beltrami, the Italian traveler, explores the northernmost source of the Mississippi.
1824. General Winfield Scott inspects Fort St. Anthony, and at his suggestion the war de- partment changed the name to Fort Snelling.
1825. April 5th, steamboat Rufus Putnam reaches the Fort. May, steamboat Rufus Put- nam arrives again and delivers freight at Land's End trading post on the Minnesota, about a mile above the Fort.
1826. January 26th, first mail in five months received at the Fort. .
Deep snow during February and March.
March 20th, snow from twelve to eighteen inches.
April 5th, snow storm with flashes of light- ning.
April 10th, thermometer four degrees above zero.
April 21st, ice began to move in the river at the Fort, and with water twenty feet above low water mark.
May 2d, first steamboat of the season, the Law- rence, Captain Reeder, took a pleasure party to within three miles of the Falls of St. Anthony.
1826. Dakotahs kill an Ojibway near Fort Snelling.
1827. Flat Mouth's party of Ojibways at- tacked at Fort Snelling, and Sioux delivered by Colonel Snelling to be killed by Ojibways, and their bodies thrown over the bluff into the river. General Gaines inspects Fort Snelling.
Troops of the Fifth Regiment relieved by those of the First.
1828. Colonel Snelling dies in Washington.
1829: Rev. Alvan Coe and J. D. Stevens, Presbyterian missionaries, visit the Indians around Fort Snelling.
Major Taliaferro, Indian agent, establishes a farm for the benefit of the Indians at Lake Cal- houn, which he called Eatonville, after the sec- retary of war.
Winter,. Spring and Summer very dry. One inch was the average montlily fall of rain or snow for ten months. Vegetation more back- ward than it had been for ten years.
1830. August 14th, a sentinel at Fort Snell- ing, just before daylight, discovered the Indian council house on fire. Wa-pa-sha's son-in-law was the incendiary.
Cadotte and a half-breed called "Little French- man" killed on the St. Croix by Sioux Indians.
1831. August 17th, an old trader, Rocque, and his son arrived at Fort Snelling from Prairie du Chien, having been twenty-six days on the journey. Under the influence of whiskey or stu- pidity, they ascended the St. Croix by mistake, and were lost for fifteen days.
1832. May 12tlı, steamboat Versailles arrived at Fort Snelling.
June 16th, William Carr arrives from Missouri at Fort Snelling, with a drove of cattle and horses.
172
CHRONOLOGY.
Henry R. Schoolcraft explores the sources of the Mississippi.
1833. Rev. W. T. Boutwell establishes a mis- sion among the Ojibways at Leech Lake.
E. F. Ely opens a mission school for Ojibways at Aitkin's trading post, Sandy Lake.
, 1834. May. Samuel W. and Gideon H. Pond arrive at Lake Calhoun as missionaries among the Sioux.
November. Henry H. Sibley arrives at Men- dota as agent of Fur Company.
1835. May. Rev. T. S. Williamson and J. D. Stevens arrive as Sioux missionaries, with Alex- ander G. Huggins as lay assistant.
June. Presbyterian Church at Fort Snelling organized.
July 31st. A Red River train arrives at Fort Snelling with fifty or sixty head of cattle, and about twenty-five horses.
Major J. L. Bean surveys the Sioux and Chip- peway boundary line under treaty of 1825, as far as Otter Tail lake.
November. Col. S. C. Stambaugh arrives; is sutler at Fort Snelling.
1836. May 6th, "Missouri Fulton," first steam- boat, arrives at Fort Snelling.
May 29th, "Frontier," Captain Harris, arrives. June 1st, "Palmyra" arrives.
July 2d, "Saint Peters" arrives, with J. N. Nicollet as passenger.
July 30th, Sacs and Foxes kill twenty-four Winnebagoes on Root river.
September 7th, first Christian marriage cele- brated at Lac-qui-Parle.
1837. February 25th, Rev. S. F. Denton, mis- sionary from Switzerland, arrives at Red Wing's village.
Rev. Stephen R. Riggs and wife join Lake IIarriet Mission.
Rev. A. Brunson and David King establish Ka- posia Mission.
Commissioners Dodge and Smith, at Fort Snelling, make a treaty with the Chippeways to cede lands east of the Mississippi.
Franklin Steele and others make claims at Falls of St. Croix and St. Anthony.
September 29th, Sioux chiefs at Washington sign a treaty.
November 10th, steamboat Rolla arrives at Fort
Snelling with the Sioux on their return from Washington.
December 12th, Jeremialı Russell and L. W. Stratton make the first claim at Marine, in the St. Croix valley.
1838. April, Hole-in-the-day and party kill thirteen of the Lac-qui-Parle Sioux. Martin Mc- Leod from Pembina, after twenty-eight days of exposure to snow, reaches Lake Traverse.
May 25th, steamboat Burlington arrives at Fort Snelling with J. N. Nicollet and J. C. Fremont on a scientific expedition.
June 14th, Maryatt, the British novelist, Frank- lin Steele and others rode from the fort to view Falls of St. Anthony.
July 15th, steamboat Palmyra arrives at Fort Snelling with an official notice of the ratification of treaty. Men arrived to develop the St. Croix valley.
August 2d, Hole-in-the-Day encamped with a party of Chippeways near Fort Snelling, and was attacked by Sioux from Mud Lake, and one killed and another wounded.
August 27th, steamboat Ariel arrives with commissioners Pease and Ewing to examine half- breed claims.
September 30th, steamboat Ariel makes the first trip up the St. Croix river.
October 26th, steamboat Gypsy first to arrive at Falls of St. Croix with annuity goods for the Chippeways. In passing through Lake St. Croix grounded near the town site laid out by S. C. Stambaugh, and called Stambaughville.
1839. April 14th, first steamboat at Fort Snell- ing, the Ariel, Captain Lyons. .
Henry M. Rice arrives at Fort Snelling.
May 2d, Rev. E. G. Gear, of the Protestant Episcopal church, recently appointed chaplain, arrived at the fort in the steamboat Gypsy.
May 12th, steamboat Fayette arrives on the St. Croix, having been at Fort Snelling with members of Marine Mill Company.
May 21st, the Glancus, Captain Atchison, ar- rives at Fort Snelling.
June 1st, the Pennsylvania, Captain Stone, ar- rives at Fort Snelling.
June 5th, the Glancus arrives again.
June 6th, the Ariel arrives again.
June 12th, at Lake Harriet mission, Rev. D. Gavin, Swiss missionary among the Sioux at Red
173
CHRONOLOGY.
Wing, was married to Cordelia Stevens, teacher at Lake Harriet mission.
June 25tlı, steamboat "Knickerbocker" arrived at Fort Snelling.
June 26th, steamboat "Ariel" on third trip.
June 27th, a train of Red River carts, arrives under Mr. Sinclair with emigrants, who encamped near the fort.
July 2d, Chippeways kill a Sioux of Lake Cal- houn band.
July 3d, Sioux attack Chippeways in ravine above Stillwater.
1840. April, Rev. Lucian Galtier of the Ro- man Catholic church, arrives at Mendota.
May 6th, squatters removed from military reser- vation.
June 15th, Thomas Simpson, Arctic explorer, shoots himself near Turtle river, under arberration of mind.
June 17th, four Chippeways kill and scalp a Sioux man and woman.
1841. March 6th, wild geese appeared at the fort.
March 20th, Mississippi opened.
April 6th, steamboat "Otter," Captain Harris, arrived. Koboka, an old chief of Lake Calhoun band, killed by Chippeways.
May 24th, Sioux attack Chippeways at Lake Pokeguma, of Snake river. Methodist mission moved from Kaposia to Red Rock, Rev. B. F. Kavenaugh, superintendent.
August, Mission church of unburnt bricks built at Lac-qui-Parle and surmounted with the first church bell ..
November 1st, Father Galtier completes the log chapel of St. Paul, which gave the name to the capital of Minnesota. Rev. Augustin Ravoux ar- rives.
1842. July, the Chippeways attack the Kapo- sia Sioux.
1843. Stillwater laid out. Ayer, Spencer and Ely establish a Chippeway mission at Red lake. Oak Grove Indian mission established by G. II. Pond.
June 20th, Rev. S. R. Riggs and R. Hopkins establish an Indian mission at Traverse des Sioux.
July 15th, Thomas Longley, brother-in-law of Rev. S. R. Riggs, drowned at Traverse des Sioux mission station.
1844. August, Captain Allen with fifty dra-
goons marches from Fort Des Moines through southwestern Minnesota, and on the 10th of Sep- tember reaches the Big Sioux river. Sisseton war party kill an American named Watson, driv- ing cattle to Fort Snelling.
1845. June 25th, Captain Sumner reaches Traverse des Sioux, and proceeding northward arrested three of the murderers of Watson.
1846. Dr. Williamson, Sioux missionary, moves from Lac-qui-Parle to Kaposia.
March 31st, steamboat Lynx, Captain Atchi- son, arrives at Fort Snelling.
Rev. S. W. Pond establishes an Indian mission at Shakopee.
1847. St. Croix county, Wisconsin, organized, Stillwater the county seat. Harriet E. Bishop establishes a school at St. Paul. Saw mills be- gun at St. Anthony Falls.
First framed house above Fort Snelling in the Minnesota valley erected by Mr. Pond. Lumber brought from Point Douglas.
August, Commissioners Verplanck and Henry M. Rice make treaties with the Chippeways at Fon du Lac and Leech Lake. The town of St. Paul surveyed, platted, and recorded in the St. Croix county register of deeds office.
Hole-in-the-Day, the elder Chippeway chief, killed by falling from a wagon, when drunk.
1848. Henry H. Sibley, delegate to congress from Wisconsin territory.
May 29th, Wisconsin admitted, leaving Minne- sota (with its present boundaries) without a gov- ernment.
August 26th, "Stillwater convention" held to take measures for a separate territorial organiza- tion.
October 30th, H. H. Sibley elected delegate to congress.
1849. March, act of congress creating Minne- sota territory.
April 9th, "Highland Mary" Captain Atchison, arrives at St. Paul.
April 18th, James M. Goodhue arrives at St. Paul with first newspaper press.
May 27th, Governor Alexander Ramsey arrives at Mendota.
June 1st, Governor Ramsey issues proclama- tion declaring the territory duly organized.
July, first brick house in Minnesota, erected at St. Paul, by Rev. E. D. Neill.
174
CHRONOLOGY.
August 1st, H. HI. Sibley elected delegate to congress for Minnesota.
August, first Protestant house of worship in white settlement, a Presbyterian chapel, com- pleted at St. Paul.
September 3d, first legislature convened.
November, First Presbyterian Church, St. Paul, organized.
December, first literary address at Falls of St. Anthony.
1850. January 1st, first annual Historical So- ciety meeting.
June 11th, Indian council at Fort Snelling.
June 14th, Steamer Governor Ramsey makes first trip above Falls of St. Anthony.
June 26th, the Anthony Wayne reaches the Falls of St. Anthony.
July 18th, Steamboat Anthony Wayne ascends the Minnesota to vicinity of Traverse des Sioux.
July 25th, steamboat Yankee goes beyond Blue Earth river.
September, HI. H. Sibley elected delegate to congress.
October, Frederika Bremer, Swedish novelist, visits Minnesota.
November, the Dakotah Friend, a monthly paper, appeared.
December, Colonel D. A. Robertson establishes Minnesota Democrat.
December 26th, first public Thanksgiving day.
1851. May, St. Anthony Express newspaper began its career.
July, treaty concluded with the Sioux at Trav- erse des Sioux.
July, Rev. Robert Hopkins, Sioux missionary, drowned.
August, treaty concluded with the Sioux at Mankato.
September 19th, the Minnesotian, of St. Paul, edited by J. P. Owens, appeared.
November, Jerome Fuller, chief justice in place of Aaron Goodrich arrives.
December 18th, Thanksgiving day.
Smithsonian Institution publish Dakota Gram- mar and Lexicon.
1852. Hennepin county created.
February 14th, Dr. Rae, Arctic explorer, arrives at St. Paul with dog-train.
May 14th, land-slide at Stillwater.
August, Jas. M. Goodhue, Pioneer editor, dies.
November, Yuhazee, an Indian, convicted of murder.
1853. April 27th, Chippeways and Sioux fight in streets of St. Paul. Governor Willis A. Gor- man succeeds Governor Ramsey.
October, Henry M. Rice elected delegate to congress. The capitol building completed.
1854. March 3d, Presbyterian mission-house near Lac-qui-Parle burned.
June 8th, great excursion from Chicago to St. Paul and St. Anthony Falls.
December 27th, Yuhazee, the Indian, hung at St. Paul.
1855. January, first bridge over Mississippi completed at Falls of St. Anthony.
Church erected near Yellow Medicine. Indi- ans contribute two-thirds of its cost.
October, HI. M. Rice re-elected to congress.
December 12th, James Stewart arrives in St. Paul, direct from Arctic regions, with relics of Sir John Franklin.
1856. Erection of State University building was begun.
1857. Congress passes an act authorizing peo- ple of Minnesota to vote for a constitution.
March, Inkpadootah slaughters settlers in South-west Minnesota.
Governor Samuel Medary succeeds Governor W. A. Gorman.
March 5th, land-grant by congress for rail- ways.
April 27th, special session of the legislature convenes.
July. On second Monday, convention to form a constitution assembles at Capitol.
October 13th, election for state officers, and ratifying of the constitution.
H. H. Sibley first governor under the state con- stitution.
W. W. Kingsbury elected delegate to Congress. December. On first Wednesday, first legisla- ture assembles.
December. Henry M. Rice and James Shields elected United States senators.
1858. April 15th, people approve act of legis- lature loaning the public credit for five millions of dollars to certain railway companies.
May 11th, Minnesota becomes one of the United States of America.
June 2d, adjourned meeting of legislature held.
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CHRONOLOGY.
W. W. Phelps representative in congress.
Jas. M. Kavenaugh representative in congress. November. Supreme court of State orders Governor Sibley to issue railroad bonds.
December. Governor Sibley declares the bonds a failure.
1859. Normal school law passed.
June. Burbank and Company place the first steamboat on Red River of the North.
August. Bishop T. L. Grace arrived at St. Paul.
October 11th, state election, Alexander Ramsey chosen governor.
William W. Windom elected representative to congress.
Cyrus Aldrich elected representative to con- gress.
December, Morton S. Wilkinson elected United States senator.
1860. March 23d, Anna Bilanski hung at St. Paul for the murder of her husband, the first white person executed in Minnesota.
August 9th, telegraph line completed to St. Paul.
August 20th, J. B. Faribault died, aged eighty- seven.
1861. April 14th, Gov. Ramsey calls upon the president in Washington and offers a regiment of volunteers.
June 21st, First Minnesota Regiment, Col. W. A. Gorman leaves for Washington.
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