USA > Minnesota > Illustrated history of Minnesota, a hand-book for citizens and general readers > Part 13
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2. Inkpadoota, Scarlet End.
3. Springfield, now Jackson, Jackson county.
4. He was usually called Little Paul. See Hazelwood Republic and portrait. Like Otherday, he was eloquent in striv- ing to stem the tide of the Sioux massacre.
5. See Sioux Massacre and portrait.
6. Those Indians who were receiving annuities under the treaties of Mendota and Traverse des Sioux.
THE STATE.
The New Era.
1. This panic was general in the United States.
221
EXPLANATORY NOTES.
International Transit.
I. The dog train was a kind of toboggan. How it was loaded is seen in the illustration.
2. These carts were in use as early as the year 1801. They were then made entirely of wood. See illustrations.
Third Legislature.
I. The statutes provide that school lands shall not be sold for less than five dollars per acre. Many of them bring more than this. It is estimated that the common school fund will be about twenty million dollars when all are sold.
The Rebellion.
1. Gov. Ramsey was the first of the governors to offer the aid of state troops. This offer was made and accepted on the day Ft. Sumter fell.
Military Record of 1861.
I. For the location of all places and full accounts of battles and campaigns mentioned in these military records, the reader must refer to works upon United States History.
The Sioux Massacre.
1. The Soldiers' Lodge, or Tee-yo-tee-pe, it is said, was only organized on special occasions, as when the Indians were about to take the war-path or enter upon a grand hunt.
2. The falls of the Redwood are situated three miles above its junction with the Minnesota. The intervening part of the stream is a succession of rapids walled in by picturesque bluffs and granite cliffs.
3. A description of the Big Woods is given under the head of Flora.
4. The monument at Acton, elsewhere illustrated, is situated in a little Lutheran cemetery three or four miles from the Baker homestead, on a road leading to Litchfield. These are the inscrip- tions upon its four tablets.
222
HISTORY OF MINNESOTA.
I.
FIRST BLOOD.
II.
ROBINSON JONES.
VIRANUS WEBSTER.
HOWARD BAKER.
ANN BAKER.
CLARA D. WILSON.
III.
ERECTED BY THE STATE IN IS78,
UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE MEEKER COUNTY
OLD SETTLERS' ASSOCIATION. IV. IN MEMORY OF THE
FIRST FIVE VICTIMS OF THE GREAT INDIAN MASSACRE OF AUGUST, 1862, AND BURIED HERE IN ONE GRAVE.
Mrs. Jones is here called Ann Baker, her name by a first marriage. She was the mother of Howard Baker.
5. The Indians led Howard Baker and his friends to take part in a shooting match, and then surprised them when their guns were empty. The oak tree to which the target was attached is still standing, and its side, scarred by the knife of the curiosity hunter searching for bullets, shows after the lapse of twenty-five years where these first pioneer martyrs stood and fell by the cabin door.
6. The ravine shown in one of the illustrations of the fort is where the Ind! ins found cover.
It was due to the fine skill of Sergeant Jones of the regular
1
223
EXPLANATORY NOTES.
.
army, a veteran of the Mexican War who served as artilleryman, that the Indians were kept at bay. The barracks were crowded with fugitives of all ages and sexes, and one shudders to think what might have occurred had the strong nerve and unerring aim of this one man have failed.
Worthy of permanent record is the bravery of Rev. G. P. Hicks, who all day long went steadily back and forth carrying shells and canister to the guns from the magazine which stood in a position of great danger outside of the quadrangle. Like the gunner, he seemed to possess a charmed life which no one of the hundred leaden messengers flying every minute could affect.
7. "Ishtakhba ; ishta, eye ; khba, sleepy; the name of an em- inent Dakota chief, a firm friend to the whites, who was the first signer of the treaty of IS51. The name was probably applied to Sleepy Eye Lake about fifty years ago, when his band planted there."-A. W'. Williamson.
8. Governor Ramsey commissioned Sibley as colonel at the beginning of the campaign, and President Lincoln commissioned him brigadier general at its close. He was subsequently given the rank of brevet major-general.
9. The sound traveled through the deep bluff-lined valley as through a great speaking tube.
10. In the spring of 1863 the remainder of the condemned prisoners at Mankato were removed to Davenport, Iowa.
The families of the prisoners, and others not condemned, all of whom had been held in camp at Ft. Snelling during the winter were taken to Crow Creek on the Missouri and allowed to make homes. Three years later, after much suffering, they were granted a reservation upon the Niobrara, Nebraska, and were joined there at that time by the prisoners released from Davenport.
Many of these prisoners, casting all government support aside, soon cut loose from this the Santee Agency, and with great forti- tude in the face of hardships settled upon lands in the valley of the Big Sioux, forty miles above Sioux Falls. They are known as the Homesteaders and have persisted in their purpose to become civilized.
A band of fifty friendly Wahpeton and Sisseton scouts accom
224
HISTORY OF MINNESOTA.
panied Sibley in the campaign of 1863. and these and their families were' supported by the government for several years, because they kept guard on the Minnesota border. This little band was called the "Scouts Camp." In 1867 they made a treaty, resulting in the settlement of themselves and kindred bands upon the present reservation, in eastern Dakota Territory, which bears their tribal names.
The Yanktons were established ere this in southeastern Dakota upon a reservation bearing their name, while the Teetons and other hostile bands kept aloof upon the upper Missouri.
Thus have all the Dakotas, save a few stragglers, vanished from their native land.
Gov. Swift.
I. When Connecticut yielded to the national government in September, 1786, her claims to territory which later formed a part of the Northwest Territory, she retained a tract of country one hundred and twenty miles long and fifty miles wide, situated on the south shore of Lake Erie. This was the Western Reserve. The college of that name is now called Adelbert, and has been removed from its old location at Hudson to Cleveland.
Sully-Sibley Campaign.
I. Minne Wakan. Minni, water; wakan, spirit; or anything that is mysterious or supernatural is said to be wakan. Devil's Lake, therefore, is not the best translation.
2. Chauncy Lampson and his father Nathan started on the third day of July to their farm a few miles north of Hutchinson to care for stock. They discovered two Indians, afterward identified as Little Crow and his son. picking raspberries near one of the Scat- tered Lakes on the land of a Mr. McDowell.
Seeing them, and thinking many more might be at hand, Chauncy whispered to his father, " Let us return to town."
"No," said Lampson, "I will have a shot at them."
He rested his gun against a small poplar, took deliberate aim, and fired. The tree was not large enough to hide him. Little Crow returned the fire. Lampson dropped back to reload his gun. Chauncy thought his father was killed, and hastened along
1
225
EXPLANATORY NOTES.
a woodland path running around the base of a small elevation. Little Crow followed the same path from the opposite direction. They suddenly confronted each other. Chauncy fell upon one knee and covered Little Crow's heart. Little Crow covered Chauncy. The united rifle reports rung out as one. Without waiting to note the result Chauncy, unhurt, fled to Hutchinson, and told the story, saying to the incredulous people, "I surely killed him for I never took better aim." The search party indeed found the dead chief, and feli in with Lampson, senior, who was uninjured.
Great Civil Topics.
I. The just complaint that the criminal code, or those laws pertaining to the punishment of criminals, is ineffective has not been peculiar to Minnesota, but has been made against the criminal code of every state and country.
2. In addition to grants of land for the support of schools, railroad construction, and internal improvement, the general gov- ernment has donated swamp lands to the State to be used for such purposes as the latter may in its wisdom select. All subdivisions of land half or more of whose surface is marshy are classed as swamp lands. They are determined by reference to the maps and field-books of the government surveyors. The interpretation of these records has always been liberal, so the area of swamp lands is not only vast but of great value.
Railroad Legislation.
1. George III. of England granted the charter of Dartmouth College in 1769.
The legislature of New Hampshire passed certain acts June 27th, and December 18th and 26th, 1816, altering the charter and or- ganization of said college and declaring that it should be known as Dartmouth University. By a provision, the secretary and treasurer of Dartmouth College, W. H. Woodward, was to hold over as secretary and treasurer of Dartmouth University until the trustees of the latter should reappoint him, or appoint his successor. The trustees of Dartmouth College, still holding to the validity of the original charter, removed Woodward as secretary August 27th, 1816, and as treasurer September 27th of the same year. The
226
HISTORY OF MINNESOTA.
trustees of Dartmouth University, holding to the validity of the new charter, claimed that Woodward legally held over until his reap- pointment by them on the fourth of February, 1817. This caused the trustees of Dartmouth College to bring the suit against Wood- ward which was finally decided by the United States Supreme Court, in brief, as follows :
(a). The charter of 1769 was not broken by the War of Revolution.
(6). Said charter was that of a private, not a public, corporation.
(c). Therefore the legislature of New Hampshire, under that clause of the Federal Constitution relating to the impairing of the obligation of contracts, had no right to change or annul the charter.
2. These two cases were tried before the United States Su- preme Court at the October term, IS76:
Winona & St. Peter Railroad, plaintiffs in error, versus J. D. Blake of Rochester.
Southern Minnesota Railroad, plaintiff in error, versus Coleman.
In the original cases the defendants in the above suits were plaintiffs to recover what the railroads exacted over legal rates of tariff. The decision of Chief Justice Waite, in the first case stated above, which he also reaffirmed in the second, was as follows :
"By its charter, the Winona & St. Peter Railway Company was incorporated as a common carrier, with all the rights and subject to all the obligations that name implies. It was therefore bound to carry when called upon for that purpose, and charge only a reason- able compensation for the carriage. These are incidents of the occupation in which it was authorized to engage. There is nothing in the charter limiting the State to regulate the rates of charge. The provisions in the act of February 28th, 1866, that the 'company shall be bound to carry freight and passengers upon reasonable terms,' and that in the Constitution of Minnesota (Art. 10, Sec. 4)
* * * * * that 'all corporations being common carriers, * shall be bound to carry the mineral, agricultural, and other pro- ductions or manufactures on equal and reasonable terms,' add nothing to and take nothing from the grant as contained in the original charter."
The Locusts.
I. These were known under the name of Rocky Mountain locusts because they came from that region of country.
2. Laissez faire, let alone.
REFERENCE TABLES.
TERRITORIAL GOVERNORS.
Alexander Ramsey, June 1, 1849, to May 15, 1853. Willis A. Gorman, May 15, 1853, to April 23, 1857. Samuel Medary, April 23, 1857, to May 24, IS58.
TERRITORIAL CHIEF JUSTICES.
Aaron Goodrich, June 1, 1849, to November 13, 1851. Jerome Fuller, November 13, 1851, to December 16, 1852. Henry Z. Hayner, December 16, 1852, to April 7, IS53. William H. Welch, April 7th, 1853, to May 24, 1858.
DELEGATES TO CONGRESS.
Henry H. Sibley, January 15, 1849, to March 4, 1853. Henry M. Rice, December 5, 1853, to March 4, 1857. W. W. Kingsbury, December 7, 1857, to May 11, 185S.
STATE GOVERNORS.
Henry H. Sibley, May 24, 1858, to January 2, 1860. Alexander Ramsey, January 2, 1860, to July 10, 1863. Henry A. Swift, July 10, 1863, to January 11, 1864. Stephen Miller, January 11, 1864, to January S, IS66. William R. Marshall, January 8, 1866, to January 9, IS70. Horace Austin, January 9, 1870, to January 7, 1874. Cushman K. Davis, January 7, 1374, to January 7, 1876. John S. Pillsbury, January 7, 1876, to January 10, ISS2. Lucius F. Hubbard, January 10, 1882, to January 5, 1887. Andrew R. McGill, January 5, 1887, to -
1
228
HISTORY OF MINNESOTA.
LIEUTENANT GOVERNORS.
William Holcomb, May 24, 1858, to January 2, 1860. Ignatius Donnelly, January 2, 1860, to March 3, 1863. Henry A. Swift, March 4, 1863, to July 10, 1863. Charles D. Sherwood, January 11, 1864, to January S, 1866. Thomas H. Armstrong, January 8, 1866, to January 7, 1870. William H. Yale, January 7, 1870, to January 9, 1874. Alphonso Barto, January 9, 1874, to January 7, 1876. James B. Wakefield, January 7, 1876, to January 10, ISSO. Charles A. Gilman, January 10, ISSo, to January 4, 1887. A. E. Rice, January 4, 1887, to
STATE CHIEF JUSTICES.
Lafayette Emmett, May 24, 185S, to January 10, 1865. Thomas Wilson, January 10, 1865, to July 14, 1869. James Gilfillan, July 14, 1869, to January 7, IS70. Christopher G. Ripley, January 7, 1870, to April 7, 1874. S. J. R. McMillan, April 7, 1874, to March 10, 1875. James Gilfillan, March 10, 1875, to -
SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE.
. INCUMBENT.
LEGISLATURE.
DATE.
J. S. Watrous
First
I858
Geo. Bradley
IS59
Amos Cogswell
Second
{
IS60
Jared Benson
Third
1861
Jared Benson
Fourth
1862
Chas. D. Sherwood
Fifth
IS63
Jared Benson.
Sixth.
IS6.1
Thos. H. Armstrong
Seventh
1865
Jas. B. Wakefield
Eighth
1866
REFERENCE TABLES.
229
SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE .- CONT.
INCUMBENT.
LEGISLATURE.
DATE.
John Q. Farmer.
Ninth
IS67
John O. Farmer.
Tenth
IS68
C. D. Davidson.
Eleventh
IS69
J. L. Merriam
Twelfth
1870
J. L. Merriam
Thirteenth
IS71
A. R. Hall
Fourteenth
1872
A. R. Hall
Fifteenth
IS73
A. R. Hall
Sixteenth
IS74
WV. R. Kinyon
Seventeenth
IS75
W. R. Kinyon
Eighteenth
IS76
J. L .. Gibbs
Nineteenth
1877
C. A. Gilman
Twentieth
1878
C. A. Gilman.
Twenty-first
IS79
Loren Fletcher.
Twenty-second.
ISSI
Loren Fletcher
Twenty-third
ISS 3
J. L. Gibbs
Twenty-fourth ISS5
W. R. Merriam
Twenty-fifth
ISS7
UNITED STATES SENATORS.
Jas. Shields, May 11, IS58, to March 4, 1860. H. M. Rice, May 11, IS58, to March 4, IS63. M. S. Wilkinson, March 4, 1860, to March 4, 1867. Alexander Ramsey, March 4, 1863, to March 4, 1875. D. S. Norton, March 4, 1867, died July 14, 1870. W'm. Windom, July 16, IS70, to January IS, 1871. O. P. Stearns, January IS, 1871, to March 4, 1871. Wm. Windom, March 4, 1871, to March 12, ISSI. S. J. R. McMillan, December 6, 1875, to March 4, 1887. A. J. Edgerton, March 12, ISSI, to October 26, ISSI. W'm. Windom, October 26, ISSI, to March 4, ISS3. D. M. Sabin, March 4, 1853, to March 4, ISS9. C. K. Davis, March 4, IS87, to -
-
230
HISTORY OF MINNESOTA.
UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVES.
W. W. Phelps, May 11, 185S, to March 4, 1859. J. M. Cavenaugh, May 11, IS5S, to March 4, IS59. Wm. Windom, December 5, 1859, to March 4, IS69. Cyrus Aldrich, December 5, 1859, to March 4, IS63. Ignatius Donnelly, December 7, 1863, to March 4, 1869. M. S. Wilkinson, March 4, 1869, to March 4, 1871. E. M. Wilson, March 4, 1869, to March 4, 1871. J. T. Averill, March 4, IS71, to March 4, IS75. M. H. Dunnell, March 4, 1871, to March 4, ISS3. H. B. Strait, December 1, 1873, to March 4, IS79. W. S. King, December 6, 1875, to March 4, 1877. J. H. Stewart, December 3, 1877, to March 4, IS79. Henry Poehler, March 4, 1879, to March 4, ISSI. H. B. Strait, March 4, ISSI, to March 4, ISS7. W. D. Washburn, March 4, 1879, to March 4, ISS5. Milo White, March 4, ISS3, to March 4, ISS7.
J. B. Wakefield, March 4, ISS3, to March 4, ISS7. Knute Nelson, March 4, ISS3, to March 4, ISS7. J. B. Gilfillan, March 4, ISS5, to March 4, IS87. John Lind, March 4, ISS7, to - Thos. Wilson, March 4, 1SS7, to
J. L. McDonald, March 4, 1SS,, to Knute Nelson, March 4, ISS7, to
Edmund Rice, March 4, ISS7, to
VOTE FOR GOVERNORS.
CANDIDATES.
YEAR.
VOTE.
H. H. Sibley
IS57
17,790
A. Ramsey.
IS57
17,550
A. Ramsey.
IS59
21,335
Geo. L. Becker
IS59
17,582
A. Ramsey
IS6 1
16,274
REFERENCE TABLES.
VOTE FOR GOVERNORS .- CONT.
CANDIDATES.
YEAR.
VOTE.
E. O. Hamlin
IS61
10,448
Stephen Miller
IS63
19,628
W. R. Marshall
IS65
17,318
H. M. Rice.
IS65
13,842
W. R. Marshall
IS67
34,874
C. E. Flandrau
IS67
29,502
H. Austin
1869
27,348
Geo. L. Otis.
IS69
25.40I
H. Austin
IS7I
46,950
C. K. Davis.
IS73
40,741
A. Barton
IS73
35,245
J. S. Pillsbury
IS75
47,073
D. L. Buell.
IS75
35,275
J. S. Pillsbury
IS77
57,07I
W. L. Banning
IS77
39,147
J. S. Pillsbury
IS79
57,524
Edmund Rice
IS79
41,844
L. F. Hubbard
ISSI
65,025
R. W. Johnson
ISSI
37,168
L. F. Hubbard.
ISS 3
72,462
A. Bierman
ISS 3
58,25I
A. R. McGill
1886
107,064
A. A. Ames
IS86
104,464
PRESIDENTIAL VOTE.
CANDIDATES.
YEAR.
VOTE.
Lincoln.
IS60
22,069
Douglas.
IS60
11,920
Breckenridge
IS60
748
Lincoln.
IS64
25,055
McClellan
IS64
17.367
Grant
IS6S
43,722
W. Young
IS71
30,376
H. T. Wells.
IS63
12,739
231
232
HISTORY OF MINNESOTA.
PRESIDENTIAL VOTE .- CONT.
CANDIDATES.
YEÅR.
VOTE.
Seymour
IS6S
28,096
Grant
IS72
55,70S
Greeley
IS72
35,211
Tilden
1876
48,787
Hayes
1876
72,955
Hancock
18So
53,315
Garfield.
ISSO
93,903
Cleveland
ISS4
70,065
Blaine.
ISS4
111,6S5
POPULATION OF MINNESOTA.
YEAR.
CENSUS.
1850.
6,077.
1860.
172,023.
IS65.
250,099.
IS70
439,706.
IS75.
597,407.
ISSO.
7So,773.
ISS5.
1, 117,793.
ELEVATION OF LAKES ABOVE TIDE-
WATER.
Lake of the Woods.
1,025
Rainy Lake.
1,150
Red Lake
1,140
Lake Itasca.
1,500
Cass Lake
1,300
Winnibigosish Lake
1,290
Leech Lake
1,292
Mille Lacs
1,246
233
REFERENCE TABLES
ELEVATION OF LAKES ABOVE TIDE-WATER .- CONT.
Otter Tail Lake
1,325
Lake Traverse 970
Big Stone Lake
962
Lake Minnetonka
922
Lake Benton
1,754
Lake Shetek.
1,475
Lake Pepin 664
Lake St. Croix.
672
White Bear Lake
910
-- Minn. Geo. Report, Vol. I.
ELEVATION OF HILLS, VALLEYS AND PLATEAUS ABOVE TIDE-WATER.
Red River flats at Moorhead.
913
Red River flats at St. Vincent 800
Coteau des Prairies.
1,800-1,900
Prairies of the Minnesota Valley
1,000-1,200
Prairies of Waseca and Steele counties 1,100-1,200
Prairies of Freeborn and Mower counties 1, 200-1,400 The valley lands of the Mississippi and its tributaries
in the counties of Houston, Fillmore, Winona, Wabasha and Goodhue 650-900
Upland prairies of those same counties. 1,000-1,200
The wooded region of the Upper Mississippi 1,200-1,500 The wooded flats between Cass Lake and Lake of the Woods. 1, 100-1,400
Summits of the Giants Range 2, 100-2,200 Summits of the Mesabi Range. 2, 100-2,200
Summits of the Sawteeth Range. 1,800-2,000
Rolling plateau surrounding Lake Itasca 1,500-1,700
Leaf Mountains, in Otter Tail County 1,500-1,750
-Minn. Geo. Report, Vol. I.
234
HISTORY OF MINNESOTA.
COUNTIES.
COUNTIES.
COUNTY SEATS.
DATE.
Aitkin
Aitkin
May 23, IS57.
Anoka
Anoka
May 23. 1857.
Becker.
Detroit
March IS, 1858.
Beltrami
Feb. 28, 1S66.
Benton
Sauk Rapids
Oct. 27, IS49.
Big Stone
Ortonville.
Feb. 20, IS62.
Blue Earth
Mankato
March 5, IS53.
Brown
New Ulm
Feb. 20, IS55.
Carlton
Thomson
May 23, IS57.
Carver
Chaska
Feb. 20, IS55.
Cass
Sept. 1, IS51.
Chippewa
Montevideo
Feb. 20, 1862.
Chisago
Center City
Sept. I, IS51.
Clay
Moorhead
March 2, 1862.
Cook
Grand Marias
March 9, IS74.
Cottonwood
Windom.
May 23, IS57.
Crow Wing
Brainerd
May 23, IS57.
Dakota
Hastings
Oct. 27, IS49.
Dodge
Mantorville
Feb. 20, IS55.
Douglas.
Alexandria
March 8, IS58.
Faribault
Blue Earth City
Feb. 20, IS55.
Fillmore
Preston
March 5, IS53.
Freeborn
Albert Lea
Feb. 20, 1855.
Goodhue
Red Wing
March 5, 1853.
Grant
Elbow Lake.
March 6, 1868.
Hennepin
Minneapolis
March 6, IS52.
Houston.
Caledonia
Feb. 23, 1854-
Hubbard
Park Rapids
Feb. 26, :SS3.
Isanti.
Cambridge
Feb. 13, 1857-
Itasca
Oct. 29, 1849.
Jackson
Jackson
May 23, IS57.
Kanabec
Brunswick
March 13, 1858.
Kandiyohi.
Willmar
March 20, 1858.
Kittson
Hallock.
Feb. 25, IS79.
Lac qui Parle
Madison.
Nov. 3, ISTI.
Lake
Two Harbors
March 1, 1856.
Le Sueur
Le Sueur Center
March 5, 1853.
Lincoln
Lake Benton.
March 6, IS73.
Lyon
Marshall
Nov. 2, IS69.
McLeod
Glencoe ..
March 1, 1856.
235 - 236
REFERENCE TABLES.
COUNTIES .- CONT.
COUNTIES
COUNTY SEATS.
DATE.
Marshall
Warren
Feb. 25, 1879.
Martin
Fairmont
May 23, 1857.
Meeker
Litchfield.
Feb. 23, 1856.
Mille Lacs.
Princeton
May 23, 1857.
Morrison
Little Falls
Feb. 25, 1858.
Mower
Austin.
Feb. 20, 1855.
Murray
Currie
May 23, 1857.
Nicollet
St. Peter.
March 5, 1853-
Nobles
Worthington.
May 23, 1857.
Norman
Ada
Nov. 29, 18SI.
Olmsted.
Rochester
Feb. 20, 1855.
Otter Tail.
Fergus Falls
March 18, 1858.
Pine
Pine City
March 31, 1856.
Pipestone
Pipestone City
May 23, 1857.
Polk
Crookston
July 20, 1858.
Pope
Glenwood
Feb. 20, IS62.
Ramsey
St. Paul
Oct. 27, 1849.
Redwood
Redwood Falls
Feb. 6, 1862.
Renville
Beaver Falls
Feb. 20, 1855.
Rice
Faribault
March 5, 1853.
Rock
Luverne.
March 23, 1857. March 1, 1856.
Scott
Shakopee
March 5, 1858.
Sherburne
Elk River
Feb. 25, 1856.
Sibley .
Henderson
March 5, 1853.
Stearns
St. Cloud
Feb. 20, 1855.
Steele
Owatonna
Feb. 20, 1855.
Stevens
Morris
Feb. 20, 1860. March 4, 1870.
Todd
Long Prairie.
Feb. 20, 1862.
Traverse
Brown's Valley
Feb. 20, 1862. Oct. 27, 1849.
Wadena
Wadena
July 11, 1858.
Waseca
Waseca.
Feb. 27, 1857.
Washington
Stillwater
Oct. 27, 1849. Nov. 6, 1860.
Watonwan.
St. James.
Wilkin .
Breckenridge
March 6, 1868.
Winona
Winona
Feb. 23, 1849.
Wright
Buffalo
Feb. 20, 1855.
Yellow Medicine
[ Granite Falls
Nov. 3, 1871.
St. Louis
Duluth
Swift
Benson
Wabasha
Wabasha
-
INDEX.
N B .- Points not explained on pages referred to will be found in the notes belonging to those pages and indicated upon them. Things not included here can be traced as well through the table of contents.
Accault, Michael, 31.
Acton, situation of, 143.
Agassiz, alluded to, 93.
Allen, Lieutenant, with Schoolcraft, 83; makes valuable geographical observa- tions, 85.
Allouez, Father Claude, 28; at Sault Ste. Marie, 30
American Fur Company, its growth, 72; post of, 69; post of at Big Stone Lake,75 Ames, M. E. Speaker of the House, 112. Animal Life, 18.
Ashland 27.
Askin. trader, leads Indians against Americans in IS:2, 62.
Assiniboines, 19.
Astor, John Jacob, 72.
Austin, biography of, 163: vetoes inter- nal improvement land bill, 166.
Ayer, founds mission at Red Lake, 99. Bad Hail, Dakota Chief, 110.
Baker, Howard, victim at Acton, 143. Bancroft, historian, 121.
Battery, Ist, organized and record of in 1861, 139; Ist, in IS62, 140; 2d, in 1862, 140; 3d, in 1863, 155: Ist, in 1864, 157; 2d, in 1864, 158; 3d, in 1864, 158.
Bayfield, 27.
Bear Dance, described, 64.
Beauharnois, governor, espouses cause of Verandric, 45; prejudiced against Verandrie, 46. Beltrami, Count, 80.
Big Cottonwood, river, meaning in Sioux, 87. Big Mound, battle of, 155.
Big Stone Lake, 19.
Big Woods, 18; where, 143. Birch Coolie, battle of, 149.
Black Dog, who, 83.
Blue Earth, river, 20.
Boardman, Sheriff, at relief of New Ulm, 1.46.
Bois Brulé, river, 31.
Boucher, who, 43.
Boundary, between the U. S. and British A., 75.
Boutwel!, with Schoolcraft's expedition, 83; established a mission at Leech Lake, 94; goes to Pokeguma, 97.
Bradley, corporal in Pike's command, 59.
Breckenridge, route to, 135.
Bremer, Fredrika's description of St. Paul, 112.
Brisbin, John B., president of Council, 124, 126.
Brown, Maj. J. R., buries dead at Lower Agency, 149.
Calhoun, who, 65; plans military oc- cupation of Minnesota, 65.
Calumet, or peace-pipe, 115.
Camp Release, 152.
Cannon, supposed to be Long River, 93. Carver, Jonathan, 47 ; finds a cave, 48; visits St. Anthony Falls, 48; ascends the St. Pierre, 48; proposes to find a northwest passage, 50; his claims of territory, 50.
Cass, Lewis, 69; seeks to make peace between Ojibwas and Dakotas, 70; treats with Indiansat PrairieDu Chien, 80; makes a treaty at Fond du Lac, 81. Cass Lake, mentioned by Morrison, 76.
237
238
HISTORY OF MINNESOTA.
Castle Rock, 92.
Catlin, George, artist, 85; his geological theories, 88.
Catlin, John, governor of Wis. Ter., 105. Cavalry, Independent, in 1863, 155; 2d, in 1864, 156; Independent, in 1864, 157 ; Brackett's, in 1864, 158.
Cave, Carver's, 64; Fountain, 64.
Chambers, Governor, Indian commis- sioner, 110.
Charlevoix, Jesuit historian, 39.
Chatfield, A. G., Associate Justice, 119.
Chegoimegon Bay, 27.
Chimney Rock, 92.
Chase, Chas. L., heads constitutional convention, 130.
Clark, governor of Missouri, treats with Indians at Prairie Du Chien, 80.
Clays, for brick and pottery, 18.
Climate of Minnesota, 17.
Clough, W. P., 171.
Coalition party, 116.
Cold Water Cantonment, 65.
Columbia Company, 72 ; post of at Lake Traverse, 75.
Cooper, scientist, writings, 85.
Cooper, David. Justice, 106.
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