USA > Minnesota > Minnesota as it is in 1870 : its general resources and attractions for immigrants, invalids, tourists, capitalists, and business men ; with special descriptions of all its counties and townsand inducements to those in quest of homes, health, or pleasure > Part 15
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BOTANY .- The same authority gives a list of 727 plants in 106 natural orders, found in the Northwest-nearly all common to Minnesota-38 different species of ferns alone.
Among these are an endless variety of flowers and roses, making the State, in the summer, one vast flower garden ; plants useful for their medicinal virtues, wild fruits and berries of almost every variety, and roots and herbs used by the Indians as articles of diet. Among the latter are the wild rice, Indian turnips, making a light,
183
BANKS.
starchy flour ; staff tree or climbing bitter-sweet, boiled to a pulpy consistence and eaten ; Pomme de Terre, or wild potatoe, common artichoke and swan potatoe. Sev- eral shrubs are used for tea, and the kinnikinnick and other shrubs for smoking.
Among the medicinal roots, ginseng has been exported in large quantities. Spikenard and wild sarsaparilla, liquorice, mandrakes, and many others are common.
It would be interesting to make a more special mention of the vast number of plants, useful and ornamental, abounding in the State, and to give the suggestions of botanists as to their cultivation and appropriation to the uses of civilization, but the limits of this book will not admit of it, and we must be satisfied with the suggestion to our agricultural editors to take Owen's report, look over the list, translate the scientific Latin terms to popu- lar comprehension, and make this important part of his report of practical importance to Minnesota. In another edition the writer may enlarge upon the subject, and attempt the task himself.
CHAPTER XVII.
BANKS, INSURANCE COMPANIES, TELEGRAPHS, STAGES, BENEV- OLENT ASSOCIATIONS,. STATE LAWS, TAXES, PUBLIC
LIBRARIES, ETC.
BANKS .- There are seventeen National Banks, with a capital of $1,780,000, and more than this number of private banks, with capitals ranging from $25,000 to $100,000 each, making the total banking capital consider- ably over $2,000,000. The National Banks stood as follows, Oct. 9th, 1869 :
184
INSURANCE.
LOCATION.
Loans and discounts.
Capital stock.
Undivided profits.
Deposits.
Austin.
$40,636 90
$50,000 00
$2,588 12
$33 357 33
Faribault
46,057 11
50,000 00
1,682 63
36,574 91
Hastings, 1st Nat ....
151,451 S2
100,000 00
21,782 92
50,024 53
Hastings, Mer. of Hast.
109,111 16
1 0,000 00
10,895 48
54,910 80
Mankato .
101,733 96
60,000.00
5,255 24
50,758 07
Minneapolis, 1st Nat ...
248,233 65
50,000 00|
6,626 15
331,883 85
Minneapolis, Nat. Ex ...
243,470 80
70,000.00
S,796 34
239,348 20
Minneapolis, State Nat.
149,604 22
100,000 00
8,742 93
123,638 66
Red Wing.
66,378 79
50,000 00
8,:08 67
37 637 26
Rochester.
133,024 41
50 000 00
10,391 48
84,988 51
St. Paul, 1st Nat ...
783,527 00
600,000 00
82,346 00
487,004 00
St. Paul, 2nd Nat .. ...
239,784 81
200,000 00
15,319 17
252,290 03
St. Paul, Nat. Marine ..
155,992 01
100,000 00
5,275 59
99,194 08
Shakopee
43,024 48
50,000 00
1,536 96
28,512 07
Stillwater
168,753 06
50,000 00
5,236 65
155,475 72
Winona
140,695 90
50,000 00
4,853 88
106,364 50
Winona
88,859 27
50,000 00
2,223 68
86,234 71
Total of 17 banks, 1869. Total of 15 banks, 1868.
$2,913,349 35 2,471,236 20
1,659,300 00
$210,561 84 202,933 78
$2,156,6:3 23 2,258,369 66
RESOURCES, 1869-17 BANKS.
Loans and discounts. $2,913,349 35
$95,865 57
Overdrafts . .
67,182 96
U. S. Bonds to secure cir- culation.
1,713,200 00
142,874 26
U. S. Bonds to secure de- posits.
306,000 00
Premiums ..
Checks & other cash items
93,540 50
U. S. Bonds and securities on hand.
22,050 00
Bills of National Banks .. Bills of State Banks.
176 00
Other stocks, bonds, and mortgages ...
75,649 85
Fractional currency.
18,365 61
Due from redeeming a- gents .. .
179,820 01
Legal tender notes. Three per cent. certific'tes
35,000 00
Banks
163,854 55
$6,440,989 22
LIABILITIES.
Capital stock. $1,780,000 00
Deposits of U. S. disburs- ing officers ...
$148,949 99
Surplus fund .. 286,042 31
Due to National Banks ... 106,905 60
Undivided profits. 201,561 84
Due to other banks and bankers ..
25,248 39
State Bank notes out-
Notes and bills redis-
standing .. 2,254 00
counted.
82,300 00
Individual deposits 2,156,613 23
Bills payable
55,220 30
U. S. deposits
100,583 56
$6,440,989 22
INSURANCE .- Forty Fire and Marine companies report for taxation gross receipts for insurance, for 1868, $392,- 146.57, the two State companies not reporting. The
Due from other banks and bankers .. Real estate, furniture and fixtures .
Current expenses
45,600 29
24,264 00
52,844 00
Specie .
7,826 27
483,526 00
Due from other National
National Bank notes out- standing .
1,495,310 00
$1,780,000 00
185
STATE DEBT AND TAXES.
Home, of New Haven, reports $41,524; Hartford, $37,- 444 ; Home, of N. Y., $36,463 ; Ætna, $33,667 ; Security, N. Y., $31,760 ; Phoenix, Hartford, $25,407; Putnam, Hartford, $20,578 ; North American, Philadelphia, $15,- 240 ; Republic, Chicago, $12,949 ; Enterprise, Cincinnati, $13,642 ; Lorillard, N. Y., $12,834 ; International, N. Y., $10,105.
Forty-one Life companies reported $285,360.91 gross receipts. Northwestern Mutual, Milwaukee, $74,769 ; Mutual of New York, $45,100 ; Ætna, Hartford, $25,802; Knickerbocker, N. Y., $21,182 ; Connecticut, $17,709 ; Phoenix, Hartford, $15,102; Universal, N. Y., $14,533 ; Mutual, Chicago, $9095. Only one State Life Company is about being organized.
Considerable sums have been sent direct to companies out of the State for fire insurance, which does not appear in the above reports. These reports being made for tax- ation, must be understood and estimated accordingly.
BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATIONS .- There were in the State, up to January, 1869, Masons, 5000 ; Odd Fellows, 17 lodges and 939 members ; Good Templars, 8161; Patrons of Husbandry, about 2000. A deaf and dumb asylum at Faribault, a State reform school at St. Paul, two orphan- asylums, two associations for the elevation and help of women, besides local associations throughout the State without number.
STATE DEBT AND TAXES .- " The recognized funded debt of the State is $300,000 ($100,000 a loan for war purposes and $200,000 for charitable institution build- ings.) Taxes levied for 1869, for general revenue, 3 mills, and for interest and sinking fund, 1 mill each. This levy would amount to $375,000."-Governor's Mes- sage, 1869.
County taxes vary from 1 to 2 per cent. ; school tax, 2 mills.
186
STATE LAWS.
PUBLIC LIBRARIES .- The State Library and Historical Society, located at St. Paul, each have well-filled rooms at the Capitol, and are open daily to the public. The Historical Society has 3100 bound volumes, 5200 pamphlets, 233 maps, a number of portraits, engravings, bound newspapers, and a fine cabinet of Indian curiosities. President, Geo. A. Hamilton ; Secretary, J. F. Williams.
See " St. Paul," Part Second, for the St. Paul Library Association.
There are similar libraries in other principal cities.
TELEGRAPHS AND STAGES .- Telegraphic connection with all points East and South exists in all the Mississippi River towns, and Stillwater, and with all the towns on the railroad lines, as far as finished ; also with Duluth, Lake Superior. Stages run as far west as Fort Aber- crombie, on Red River, and Jackson County ; and as far north as Fort Ripley and Duluth, connecting with the railroads at all points.
STATE LAWS .- Property Exempt from Execution .- A homestead of eighty acres and improvements in the country, or one house and lot in town, without regard to area or value ; also $500 of furniture, besides all wearing apparel, beds, bedding, and bedsteads, stoves, and cook- ing utensils ; wagon, cart, or dray, two plows, harrow, sleigh, and other farming utensils, not exceeding $300 in value ; three cows, ten swine, one yoke of oxen and a horse, or a span of horses or mules, 20 sheep, twelve months' provisions for family and stock, and fuel for twelve months ; a mechanic's tools and $400 stock-in-trade, and the library of a professional man.
Provided, however, that none of this property is ex- empt from execution on a suit for the purchase money of the same, or from mechanics' or other liens for labor or materials in making or repairing the same.
187
COST OF LIVING.
Redemption of Property Sold .- Real estate sold under execution or mortgage may be redeemed in twelve months, by paying the debt and 7 per cent.
Foreclosure of Mortgages may be made by advertise- ment in six weeks, or by suit at law.
Pleading .- The New York code has superseded the common law system of pleading.
TAXES .- Lands Sold for Taxes .- Taxes are due in January and February. If not paid by March, 5 per cent. penalty is added. If not paid by June, the property is sold. If sold, it may be redeemed in two years, on payment of 24 per cent. per annum interest.
RIGHTS OF MARRIED WOMEN .- Married women are en- titled to as full rights of property as if single, and both their property before and after marriage and the avails of their industry or business are free from the control of their husbands or liability for his debts. They may con- tract and be contracted with as single women, except in relation to real estate. This is by act of March, 1869.
USURY AND INTEREST .- Legal interest is 7 per cent., but 12 is good if contracted for.
CHAPTER XVIII.
COST OF LIVING-PRICES CURRENT-WAGES-A TALK WITH FARMERS, MECHANICS, INVALIDS, TOURISTS AND OTHERS.
COST OF LIVING,-At St. Paul (November, 1869) beef, by the quarter, costs 7 and 8 cts .; steaks and roasts, 15 to 18; pork, 8} to 10; steaks, 18 to 20; mutton, 15 to 20; hams, 20 to 25; venison, 8 cts., by the quantity; steaks, 18; chickens, 12} to 15; turkeys, 15 to 18 ; fish, 5 to 15; lard, 20 to 25; flour, $5 per barrel; meal, 4 cts .; buckwheat flour, $1.50 per sack; butter, 25 to 30 cts. ; cheese, 20; eggs, 35 per dozen; potatoes, $1 per bushel; ruta bagas, 35 cts .; onions, 75 cts .; beans, $1.45 to $2.50; cranberries, $1.75 to $2.50; sugar, 14 to 16 cts. per lb .;
188
PRICES OF GRAIN AND PRODUCE.
coffee, 22 to 28; tea, 90 cts. to $1.80; wood, $6 to $7.50 per cord. Rents, $3 to $15 per month for cottages ; $15 to $50 for larger houses. Board, $1 to $3 per day ; $4 to $6 per week, day board; $4 to $10, board and lodging ; lower in smaller towns.
DRY GOODS .- Calicos, 8 to 12} cts. ; brown sheetings, 12} to 16; bleached cotton, 13 to 18; brown shirtings, 10 to 14; do- mestic ginghams, 14 to 17 ; blankets, $3.50 to $9 per pair; grey, 50 cts. per lb., &c.
COST OF BUILDING .- Comfortable and neat frame cottages, 4 or 5 rooms, $600 to $800, and upwards; houses, 5 to 10 rooms, $1000 to $3500, and upwards, according to style and finish.
Lumber, $15 to $45 per M; fencing, $17; shingles, $3 to $4.50; dimension, $17; plastering, 30 cts. per yard; 2 coats painting, 18 to 24 cts. per yard ; nails, 5 to 7} per lb. Masonry, $2.00 to $3.50 per perch.
BUILDING ASSOCIATIONS .- To aid men of limited means in building, a Building Association is organized at St. Paul, and if encouraged by suitable legislation, as in the Eastern States, similar associations will spread all over the State, which will enable their members to build houses by paying annually, for 8 or 9 years, about the same amount annually paid for rent.
WAGES. - Carpenters, $2 to $3 ; masons, $3.50 to $4.50 ; painters, $2 to $3; laborers, $1.50 to $2; and by the month, $20 to $25, on farms ; $35 to $60, on boats and in the pineries ; servants, $8 to $15; clerks, $500 to $1800 ; teachers, $300 to $1500.
The above figures are for St. Paul. Some of them vary in other localities. Lumber is $2 or $3 lower in some places and in others higher. Fuel is lower generally. But these prices give a fair idea of the general range.
PRICES OF GRAIN AND PRODUCE .- Wheat here, as all over the country, has declined. In August it was gene- rally about $1. In December, 1869, it varies from 50 cts. to 75, according to advantages of locality-50 cts. being the lowest for No. 2 spring wheat in interior counties. It will not do to calculate on these prices as permanent.
189
COST OF OPENING FARMS.
They have not been so low for 7 or 8 years, and cannot last. Oats, 40 and 45 cts. ; corn, 50 to 55 ; shelled, 85 and 90 ; barley, 70 and 75 ; rye, 55 and 60 ; hay, $16 and $18 per ton, (generally $8 to $12 ;) wool, 40 cts. These are St. Paul prices.
FREIGHTS AND FARES .- Have ruled about as follows, during the past season : St. Louis to St. Paul, 25 to 50 cts. per 100 lbs. for freight-$8 to $20 for fare. Chicago to St. Paul, 45 cts. to $1 per 100 lbs. for freight-$10 to $18 for fare ; wheat, 10 to 22 cts. per bushel. New York to St. Paul, $20 to $40 for fare. Fare between New York and Liverpool, $30 to $100 ; Bremen, $42 to $125 ; Chris- tiana, $40 to $135, in currency.
These freights will be reduced as our railroads to Lake Superior are opened, and water communication with Lake Michigan by the Wisconsin and Fox River improvement is completed. In the meantime Winona has just inau- gurated the system of barge transportation, greatly re- ducing the price of freights.
COST OF OPENING FARMS .- (See page 177.) Fencing is generally done with posts, and 3 rails thinned at the ends and nailed.
In the prairie districts the townships require hogs to be " fenced in," so that 3 rails make a fence against cat- tle. A fence around 40 acres takes 1700 rails, 550 posts and a keg of nails-costing 22 days' work for the rails and posts and $6 for the nails. Instead of digging holes the posts are generally sharpened and driven with a maul or sledge. Two men will do this work with great rapidity.
Teams, Utensils and Stock .- Cost of oxen, $125 to $150 per yoke ; horses, $100 to $175 ; cows, $20 to $50 ; wagon, new, $75 ; plow, $12 to $20 ; breaking plow, $35.
The Farm House .- The new comer is always welcomed by the neighbors, and the rearing of the new home made an easy task.
190
INVALIDS.
" Bees," on the principle of the old time " quiltings," bring out a large force, and whether a house is to be raised, or plowing, or husking, or any " emergency" is to be met, it is a courtesy of the woods and prairies of Min- nesota to go to the rescue and give the needed help free -a keg of beer, or other spirituous consolation, or a dance and liberal fare, paying all expenses. In the ab- sence of money-a very common circumstance-work pays for work, and is the only currency required except in a busy season.
Winter Work .- If the farmer does not have work of his own in the dairy, among his stock, getting out rails, cord wood or other timber, marketing his produce, fencing, building barns, hauling manure, wood, or otherwise, he obtains work in the pineries, on the railroads, making or hauling ties ; in the cities or towns, or with his richer neighbors ; or he hunts game, catches fish, traps the fur- bearing animals, and thus makes the long bright winter pay him as well as the summer.
INVALIDS, if consumptives, should not come in the fall of the year or the winter. The middle of May is the best time for them. They thus avoid the raw, damp chill of our spring weather-like March in the Eastern and Middle States-and the too sudden and stimulating tonic air of winter. The soft and healing summer air, with its gentler tonic gradually increased with the Indian summer of October and November, prepares the system for the rousing exhilaration of our zeros and forties below. The summer sunshine, the fishing, boating, riding, hunting, and other out-door exercises, give to the summer additional advantages in building up the system for the more powerful winter treatment. Arrived in the State, they will find their wants and necessities anticipated by good hotels, rural retreats on the margin of fishing lakes, physicians competent and educated, with years of
191
CAPITALISTS AND BUSINESS MEN.
experience in their professions here and elsewhere, bathing establishments, and other conveniences.
The writer knows of invalids who camp out on the shores of our lakes, build their cabins, and with dog, gun, and fishing tackle, casting off the shackles of society, live year after year in this free, independent and romantic style, and not only grow strong and robust, but bring in their wagon loads of fish, venison, and other game, sell them, and exchange for groceries and other necessaries and luxuries of the table, and thus pay expenses and make a good living.
TOURISTS .- In addition to the general descriptions of scenery on pages 85 to 91, and the mention of places in the counties, tourists will have no difficulty in hearing of scores of places to visit, lakes or streams for fishing, caves, mounds, cascades, and other objects of interest in almost every county, by inquiring at the hotels or the picture galleries in the larger cities, where nearly 500 views will be photographed, and on exhibition in 1870.
CAPITALISTS AND BUSINESS MEN .- To the question, how can money be used to advantage? the answer is, look at the growth of the State and the counties and towns. The land worth a dollar an acre soon becomes the town lot, worth a dollar a foot. Look at the increase of wealth, and figure the per centage. Counties with 3000 to 5000 population to-day had not a settler five years ago.
These 3000 to 5000 people need mills, stores, hotels, agricultural implements, dwelling houses, manufactories, newspapers, capital to develope the country, banks, wheat buyers, &c. And while 12 per cent. is the maxi- mum legal interest, men make quadruple this by invest- ments in real estate, improved with stores, dwellings, or farms, and rented.
Do you ask if there is an opening for your business ?
192
TO IMMIGRANTS.
Whether there is to-day or not, the next wave of immi- gration will make an opening. Enough people come to our large cities every year to make a good lively town of themselves.
Our farmers have not the capital to raise stock. . A large stock farm among our fine meadow lands would make a fortune to a man of capital. We import our beeves from Illinois. We have a home market. See pages 103 to 114.
Capital is scarce, and in demand. Two per cent. per month is freely paid on the frontier, and amply secured. It can be loaned indirectly, or used so as to net far more than this. It is loaned freely in the largest towns at 12 per cent., free of commission, by responsible agents, secured by productive real estate, worth double the loan.
To IMMIGRANTS OF ALL CLASSES .- We say, finally, come and see for yourselves. It will not do to believe disparaging reports you may hear from the interested agents of rival States and land-jobbing monopolies, nor even the croaking account of some disappointed visitor, whose dyspeptic views are often due to the fact that he could not enter government land in the suburbs of St. Paul, Minneapolis, or Winona ; or that he found himself among a people too intelligent and shrewd to promote him to honors or positions for which he was unqualified ; or that the climate was not sufficient to clothe his dead bones with new life, after he had "had his day," and while he persisted in the violation of every law of health.
It will cost but a trifle to come and see for yourselves, and to this test we confidently commit
" MINNESOTA AS IT IS IN 1870."
For progress of railroads, immigration, and general growth of the State and counties during 1869, see page 275, &c.
PART SECOND,- THE COUNTIES.
AIKEN COUNTY.
Not organized : no population : valuable for pine lum- ber, and similar to Mille Lac county agriculturally.
ANOKA COUNTY
Has a light, sandy, quick and productive soil, better adapted to stock growing than to the production of the cereals ; a scattered growth of burr oaks and swamp tam- aracs ; lies generally level, with small prairies ; finely
* EXPLANATION. - The statistics of crops, land cultivated, live stock, and assessed property in all the counties are taken from the official returns of the assessors of the counties, and represent about a half or one-third of the full value of property. They are very un- reliable as indications of the actual amount of land cultivated or of crops produced-not being full, and no compensation being allowed for this part of the assessor's duties. The figures might in nearly all cases be doubled, and would then be a nearer approximation to the actual facts, They are faithfully given, however, as returned, with this explanation.
For brevity's sake we use the word " scholars," instead of "persons between 5 and 21 years ;" " mules," instead of "mules and asses ;" "school lands," instead of "school lands still unsold;" " homestead lands," instead of "lands held under the homestead laws."
17
194
ANOKA COUNTY.
watered by Rum River, Coon, Cedar, Trott, and smaller creeks, and clear lakes in every township. Fine natural meadows ; good water power, at Anoka and St. Francis. Population, 1857, 1000; 1860, 2110; 1865, 2260; 1869, about 3600 ; largely American, some Canadian French, Irish, Swedes and Germans. Land cultivated, 1857, 2854 acres ; wheat raised, 1144 bushels ; taxable lands, 1868, 133,220 acres. Live stock : horses, 598; cattle, 2296; sheep, 2544 ; hogs, 605. Total taxable property, 1868, $798,370 ; increase since 1860, $287,630 ; real, $561,602, and personal, $236,768 ; average value of land per acre, $2.52. Persons between 5 and 21 years, 1110; year's increase, 38 : 15 school houses, costing $10,740.
Out of about 272,000 acres of land in the county, only 129,324 are returned for taxation in 1868-15,125 acres school lands, a large amount owned by the Pacific and Superior Railroads and some government lands not be- ing taxable.
TOWNS AND VILLAGES .- ANOKA, the county seat, hand- somely situated on a level plain, on both sides of Rum River, 18 miles north of St. Paul by railroad, is a very active and lively manufacturing town of about 1500 in- habitants, 258 families, "25 of which live in rented houses," 14 stores, 1 hotel, 1 flouring mill, 3 saw mills, 1 sash, door and planing mill, 1 furniture manufactory, 2 furniture stores, 1 wagon maker and 4 blacksmiths, 3 physicians and a good supply of mechanics-no lawyer.
Lots from $50 to $400; hard wood, $2.50 to $3 per cord. Business : over 6,000,000 feet of lumber shipped in 1868, and 70,000 bushels of wheat manufactured.
Churches .- A Methodist, Universalist, Congregation- alist, Baptist, Catholic, and Episcopalian, standing numerically in the order named. Good Templars, 200; Masons, about 100.
BECKER, POLK, AND PEMBINA COUNTIES. £ 195
CENTREVILLE, 15 miles from St. Paul, 2 miles from railroad ; 500 population, mostly French, some Germans and Americans, and others. 1 store, 1 saw mill, 1 hotel, Catholic Church, fine school house, near "Rice Lakes," and the township " affords the finest fishing and hunting in the State," and "has excellent soil."
ST. FRANCIS has a large saw mill and flour mill, 1 store, hotel, blacksmith and wagon shop, and fine water power.
Columbus, Bethel, Oak Grove, Ramsey, and Grove each have a post office and school; sparsely settled. Post offices at Oak Springs, Linwood, and Itasca.
BELTRAMI, CASS, WADENA, AND ITASCA COUNTIES.
Dr. A. Barnard's description of these, under the head of "Northern Minnesota," makes a repetition here un- necessary. He gives the population as " exclusively Indians, of the Chippewa nation, half-breeds, and a few white employees of the government. Population of the first two classes, 4200, by enrolment in 1867." For more as to the Indians, missionaries, &c., see under this head in preceding pages.
Post offices at Leech Lake and Chippewa.
BECKER, POLK, AND PEMBINA COUNTIES.
These counties partake of the description of the rich Red River Valley. Like the last-named, they are still un- organized and wild. Dr. Barnard says : "By treaty of 1867, thirty-six townships of timbered and prairie land, of unsurpassed fertility, were set apart in Becker and
196
BLUE EARTH COUNTY.
Polk counties for an Indian reservation, and suitable ap- propriations made to encourage these Indians to adopt the habits of civilized life."
The east half of Pembina is represented as an im- passable swamp. (For description of Becker and Polk, see page 39, Part First.)
BIG STONE AND TRAVERSE COUNTIES.
Fine rolling prairie, soil good, timber scarce-some around the lakes ; water in the small lakes generally not very good. A post office at Lake Traverse, and about 100 settlers in the county.
BLUE EARTH COUNTY.
One of the best agricultural counties. Area, 482,000 acres, of which 381,801 are taxed, 36,280 held under the homestead law, and about 90,000 under cultivation. About one-third timber, balance level prairies ; abundant natural meadows of red top, blue joint, and ordinary wild hay ; 30 lakes, 3 or 4 rivers, and numerous creeks. Soil, a rich, black vegetable mould, with clay subsoil ; fine water powers ; 25 or 30 saw and grist mills ; plenty of lime stone, sand stone, brick and potters' clay, clay for paint, and several red and white chalk beds.
POPULATION .- 1852, 10; 1853, 100; 1855, 416 ; 1857, 3629; 1860, 4828 ; 1865, 9201; 1869, 17,000. About one-half Americans, quarter Germans, balance mostly Welsh, Irish, Norwegians, Scotch, and others, in the order named.
STATISTICS .- 1868, horses, 3700 ; cattle, 9835 ; mules, 55; sheep, 8060; hogs, 3357; carriages, 179 ; watches,
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