USA > Missouri > Platte County > Annals of Platte County, Missouri, from its exploration down to June 1, 1897; with genealogies of its noted families, and sketches of its pioneers and distinguished people > Part 1
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THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY
ASTOR, LENOX AND TILDEN FOUNDATIONS.
I'm Paxton
ANNALS
OF PLATTE COUNTY, MISSOURI,
FROM ITS EXPLORATION DOWN TO JUNE 1, 1897; WITH GENEALOGIES OF ITS NOTED FAMI- LIES, AND SKETCHES OF ITS PIO- NEERS AND DISTINGUISHED PEOPLE.
SHOWING THAT, BY INTERMARRIAGE, WE HAVE BECOME ONE GREAT FAMILY.
BY W. M. PAXTON, OF PLATTE CITY, MO.
VORI
KANSAS CITY, MO .: HUDSON-KIMBERLY PUBLISHING CO. 1897. M.E.S.
THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY 252394
ASTOR, LENOX AND TILDEN FOUNDATIONS. R 1902 L
Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1897, by W. M. PAXTON, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.
ANNALS OF PLATTE COUNTY.
PRE-HISTORIC INHABITANTS.
Our county records claim No heroes known to fame, No mystic legends old ; No monuments are found, No ruins mar the ground, No minstrel tale is told.
PLATTE COUNTY has little to inspire the rhapsodist, or to kindle the enthusiasm of the antiquary. Our native rocks have no rude inscriptions; no chronicler records the prowess of our aborigines, and few remains attest the high civilization of a race now extinct. But our undulating prairies, our fertile soil, our ancient forests, and our gurgling streams charm the utilitarian and philanthropist. Sublimity may attract us for a day, or deso- lation awe us for an hour, but we make our home on the well- watered domain, where fields of cereals wave before the breeze. and grazing herds respond to our call.
Relics are rarely found. I have never, myself, picked up an arrow-head, but I have seen several collections of arrow-heads. tomahawks, and mills, or mortars. Dr. J. A. Baldwin has the largest store of Indian relics in the county.
Except on the bluff at latan, and in the extreme southeastern corner of the county, no mounds appear. No Indian village was ever established, and scarcely a wigwam erected on our soil. Though the Iowas and the Sacs and Foxes set up claim to our lands, their titles were shadowy, and not supported by prescription.
EVIDENCES OF A PRE-HISTORIC RACE.
In 1859, Col. Geo. S. Park plowed up in his orchard, adjacent to Parkville, large, square, well-burned brick, held together by straw, in the Egyptian style. They were covered by only a foot of earth, and were part of a large building.
In 1877, a party of antiquarians, from Kansas City, opened four mounds on the Peter Brenner farm, below Parkville, and found stone enclosures eight feet square and four feet high. A number of human skulls were uncovered, some indicating large, and others very small, people. They suggested an earlier race than the Indians, but scarcely above them in intelligence. Near the mounds were scattered large quantities of flint arrow-heads, tomahawks, and spear-heads. They discovered a large number of small mills for crushing grain. See the Landmark for March 22, 1877.
In the Rereille of May 19, 1871, is an account of the mounds on Dan'l Pixley's farm, four miles east of Parkville. One large
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PRE-HISTORIC.
central mound is surrounded by sixteen smaller ones, the whole occupying only a few acres of ground. It is stated that early in May, 1871, a party of Indians came down the Missouri River, and went straight to these mounds, and opened several of them. They took out many human bones, and threw them away, but the purpose of the visit is a mystery. Further examination of these mounds disclosed human bones in layers, separated by large flat stones.
Near Iatan, on a bluff overlooking the Missouri, is a group of mounds, several of which have been opened by Prof. George J. Remsburg, of Atchison. Under date of July 16, 1896, he writes to the St. Joseph Gazette an account of his explorations, from which I extract the following account of the contents of a mound on the farm of James Palmer, two miles east of Iatan:
"The mound measured 25 feet in diameter and was probably the largest ever explored in this vicinity. Huge stones were im- bedded firmly in the earth and formed a rude vault. There were about three wagon-loads of rock in the mound. These had been carried by the Indians from the base of the bluff and served as a protection from the ravages of wild animals. But it remained for the eager antiquarian, who is always prying into the mysteries of the past, to visit the sepulcher, and, like the angel of the resur- rection, 'roll the stone away.' What did it reveal? Lying pros- trate in the vault, under this massive pile of earth and stone, with the head to the north, was the skeleton of an Indian almost com- pletely decaved.
"We first commenced removing the earth and stone on the north side of the mound, going no deeper than the base of the tumulus or the surface of the earth. We first struck the skull, but it was so nearly decayed that it could only be traced by the crum- bling particles in the soil. By allowing the earth to adhere to it and by very delicate handling, we managed to save a small portion of one of the jaws containing six teeth. They were worn down very short and smooth, which would indicate that the deceased was of an advanced age or that he had subsisted on a very coarse diet.
"We gradually penetrated the mound, working like tigers in the oppressive heat, removing the huge stones, most of which seemed to be set in the ground with the larger end down, which made them difficult to remove. Some of the stones were over a foot in thickness and from two to three feet long.
"By carefully removing the earth with a pocket-knife, several good-sized pieces of the leg-bones were saved. One of the thigh- bones has a small round hole in it, which very much resembles a bullet-hole. It issingular, considering the decomposed state of the skeleton. that one of the bones of the toe with the nail on it was well preserved. The few remaining fragments were charred and calcined, and the walls of the vault were red, showing unmistak- able signs of fire. There were also bits of charcoal and burnt
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PRE-HISTORIC.
earth in the mound. It is evident that cremation was practiced by the tribe to which the deceased belonged. It seems that the stone vault had been built on the surface of the ground, the body placed in it and burned, and then the pile of stone and earth reared above it. No relies of any kind were unearthed except a few pieces of wrought flint.
"The mound was located on one of the highest points in this region and commands a splendid view in every direction. No . doubt at least a century has elapsed since the mound was built. Mr. Palmer, who settled there in 1845, more than half a century ago, says the mound looked as old then as when it was opened yesterday. A large white oak tree originally grew on top of the mound, but it was cut down in 1866 and converted into ties for the K. C. railroad. The tree measured nearly four feet in diameter.
"On the same hill, about 10 or 15 rods south of this mound, is another similarly constructed, but a little smaller. There is also one in Mr. Palmer's garden, and several on another hill just east of his house. Looking northwest from the mound opened yester- day, one may see three very prominent mounds on Bud Smith's farm, about a mile away. There is a very large mound in front of John Vandrel's kitchen door. Several men dug into the side of it some time ago, and exhumed several skulls. There are a num- ber of smaller mounds on the terraces of the creek bottom which runs through Iatan. Several of these are near the old mill on the south side of the creek. and one on the north side, in Bud Palmer's field. Some of these mounds are the remains of Indian lodges. and the writer found a portion of a pottery vessel near one of them.
"Some time ago the writer explored a small mound on the old Major Bean farm near Bean Lake. Although similarly con- structed, it presented somewhat of a contrast to the mound on Mr. Palmer's farm in some respects. From the large mass of charred bones it was evident that several Indians had been de- posited in one mound. The bones were scattered about promis- «nously, which indicated that they had been buried with little or no regularity. A layer of burned substance resembling brick had to be penetrated before reaching the remains. The pieces of skull found in this mound were unusually thick. Indian mounds, camp-sites, and other remains are scattered along the bluffs at intervals all the way from Rushville, in Buchanan County, to Iatan and Weston, in Platte County. and it presents one of the best fields for the antiquarian in this region. Hundreds of in- teresting relics have been picked up in the fields hereabouts. The writer has a tomahawk which Mr. Palmer's father picked up in 1845."
Ancient walls and graves have been uncovered, near Park- ville, but little of interest has been disclosed.
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MINES.
MINES.
Sulphur, in large quantities, was discovered near Beverly, but no mines of any kind have been opened. Chalybeate and other mineral waters are found in many places.
COAL.
Coal has been found cropping out in many places. Near Linkville, in the bed of Second Creek, a layer of coal appears, and many tons of it have been used by blacksmiths, but the admixture of sulphur has condemned it. Near Waldron there is a vein of coal of better quality, and, at one time, plans were laid to mine it. Coal has been found near the surface in other places, but not in paying quantities and qualities. The miners of Leavenworth County, Kansas, find an excellent article of coal at a depth of seven hundred feet. They are now removing coal from beneath the Missouri River, and have even reached our shore. They have bought coal rights under some twelve hundred acres of Platte County lands, and, in a few years, expect to open shafts on this side of the river. There is no doubt that, at the depth of five to seven hundred feet, there is an abundant supply of the best of coal. Though companies have been formed to bore for coal at Platte City, at Weston, and at Parkville, and the necessary funds raised, yet the money was returned and nothing done. The day will come when the rich stores of coal beneath our soil will be a source of wealth to our people.
SOME DATES OF THE DISCOVERY, SETTLEMENT, AND PROGRESS OF MISSOURI.
1755.
The first settlement of whites in Missouri is made at Ste. Genevieve.
1764.
Laclede and his companions establish a trading-post at St. Louis.
1798.
Population of St. Louis, 925.
1800.
Indian traders have headquarters at Roubidoux (St. Joseph) and at Randolph Bluff, three miles below the mouth of the Kansas River (Kansas City).
1803.
Louisiana ceded to the United States by the first Napoleon, for $15,000.000; formal delivery of possession. December 20, 1803.
1804.
March 10-Jurisdiction surrendered at St. Louis.
1
5
DATA.
March 26-Congress divides the new territory into two parts. The northern department is called the District of Louisiana, and is attached to Indiana, of which Gen. W. H. Harrison is governor.
May 14-Lewis and Clark, with 28 men, start from their camp opposite the mouth of the Missouri, on their expedition to the Pacific. On their return, they reach St. Louis September 23, 1806.
1805.
By act of Congress the District of Louisiana becomes the Territory of Louisiana, and James Wilkinson is appointed the first governor.
1807.
Meriwether Louis is governor of the Territory of Louisiana.
1808.
The Missouri Fur Company is organized at St. Louis by the Chouteaus and others.
1809.
The Missouri Gazette issued at St. Louis by Jos. Charless.
1810.
Benjamin Howard, Governor of Missouri.
Pioneers occupy the Boonslick lands. The United States census shows the population of Missouri, 20,845.
1812.
June 4-Congress changes the name of the Territory of Louis- iana to the Territory of Missouri, the change to take effect Decem- ber 7. 1812.
1813.
William Clark, Governor of Missouri.
1819.
The steamers Expedition, Captain Craig, Jefferson, Captain Offut, and the R. M. Johnson, Captain Colfax, with nine keel- boats, left St. Louis June 21, on the long, arduous, and perilous voyage to the mouth of the Yellowstone, to ascertain the prac- ticability of navigating the Missouri. Accompanying the voy- agers was part of the 5th U. S. Infantry, under command of Colonel Chambers. The JJefferson sank at Cote-Sans-des-Sans. Smith Calvert, then a lad, was errand-boy on the steamer Erpedi- tion. At Cow Island, the winter of 1819-20 was passed. In the spring, the steamers ascended the Missouri to Council Bluffs, and here young Calvert was detailed with a party to construct Fort Atkinson.
The crew preferred to winter at Cow Island, opposite Iatan. because some cabins were found there, left by Captain Martin. A row, found on the island, doubtless left by Captain Martin, gave it the name of Cow Island. John C. McCoy, late of Kansas City.
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YELLOWSTONE EXPEDITION.
in a paper entitled "Survey of Kansas Indian Lands," read Jan- uary 15, 1889, before the Kansas State Historical Society, and printed in the fourth volume of "Kansas Historical Collections," page 303, writes:
"Captain Martin, in 1818, camped for the winter with three companies of U. S. Riflemen, on Cow Island, ten miles above Leavenworth, and during that winter killed between two and three thousand deer, besides great numbers of bears, turkeys, etc."
I have often conversed with Mr. Calvert upon his stay at Cow Island. He said that hunting companies often crossed to the Missouri side, in Platte County, and found abundance of game. Indians were not found east of the Missouri.
VALENTINE BARNARD'S STORY.
In the Landmark of March 23, 1883, is a long, rambling, and apochryphal statement, by Mr. Barnard, which is reproduced in Gatewood's "History of Platte." He says that, with several young friends of Clay County, he boarded one of the Yellowstone steamers, and was put off at Rialto, below the site of Weston, where a few Indian traders had established themselves. Mr. Barnard did not come to Missouri earlier than 1835. About that time a gang of discharged soldiers built cabins at Rialto, and engaged in the illicit sale of whisky to soldiers of Fort Leaven- worth and to the Indians. To dislodge them, the northern limit of the Military Reserve was extended so as to embrace Rialto. But Mr. Barnard's story is absurd in its conception and contradictory in its details.
1823.
A wagon road is opened from Liberty, by way of Smithville, to Council Bluffs. An express was at times run on the trail, by contractors, traders, and trappers. Smithville, being the last town a train of pack-mules left, and the first to entertain the drivers on their return, became for a few years a resort for drunken whites and begging Indians. This ceased when Fort Leavenworth was established, and when steamers ascended the Missouri frequently.
WHITE ALLOE BRANCH.
A French Canadian trader and trapper spent his winters in a cave or "dugout" on the bank of the branch emptying into the Missouri at Parkville. His name was Alloe; and the Kickapoo Indians, across the Missouri, called him "White Alloe," and gave this name to the branch. That is the name by which it is known to-day.
SMITHVILLE.
Humphrey ( Yankee) Smith, in 1822, located on Smith's Fork. so named from him, near what was then the western line of the State. Here he built a dam, and constructed a mill of round. unhewn white-oak logs. A pair of 21-foot millstones were cut
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STEAMBOATS.
from what was called "lost rock," or boulders. The wheel was the old-style flutter wheel. A horse mill had previously been erected near Liberty by Tillery, but Smith's was the first, in Clay, run by water power. It was a matter of immense interest, and half of the people of Clay attended the raising. In 1827, Mr. Smith cut from "lost rock" a pair of 33-foot stones, and bolts were added to the mill. Thus the first flour mill arose in Clay and was a great convenience. I patronized these mills for a number of years and used dark but wholesome bread.
STEAMERS.
The Western Engineer, with a corps of topographical sur- veyors, reached Old Franklin May 19, 1819, and went up as high as Chariton, returning the 22d of May. The people were intensely excited, and Old Franklin was ablaze with gunpowder. In 1819, Clay County received its first pioneers, and, the same year, a por- tion of the land was surveyed.
MISSOURI ADMITTED.
March 6, 1820-Congress passes the Compromise Bill, ad- initting Missouri. The Constitutional Assembly met in St. Louis, and assented to the terms of admission. August 10, 1821, President Monroe recognized Missouri as a State. The first gov- ernor of the State was Alexander McNair. He was elected in August, 1820. His successor, Frederick Bates, was elected in Au- gust 1824. John Miller succeeded. December 8, 1824, and was followed, in November, 1832, by Daniel Dunklin. In November, 1836, Lilburn W. Boggs became governor, and was followed. in November, 1840, by Thomas Reynolds. This completes the list down to the first general election in Platte County.
CLAY COUNTY.
In 1822, Clay was organized. It extended north to the Iowa line. The same year, Liberty was made the county seat. Feb- ruary 11, 1822, the first county court was held at the house of John Owens, in Liberty. John Thornton, Elisha Cameron, and James Gilmore were Judges : William L. Smith, County Clerk ; and John Harris, Sheriff.
August 5, 1822-The first election was held in Clay County. in a booth at Liberty.
December 9, 1822-St. Louis is incorporated.
1824.
Commissioners are appointed to locate and open a road to Santa Fé.
1825.
April 29-Lafayette is in St. Louis. Westport is the starting- point for Santa Fé. Kansas City was then known as Westport Landing. Steamboats commence to make occasional trips up the Missouri. One or two reach Liberty Landing, each season.
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PIONEERS.
1826.
This is the year of the great rise in the Missouri. The rise of 1844 was four feet higher. The Indians say the Missouri over- flows every fourteen or fifteen years.
November 11-A company of 93 emigrants from Bourbon County, Kentucky, arrive in Clay, after a long and tedious over- land journey, and settle near Smithville. The heads of fami- lies are: 1, Captain James Duncan; 2, Matthew Duncan; 3, Wil- liam Duncan; 4, Rice Davenport; 5, James Winn; 6, Sarah Music (widow); 7, James Gray (teacher). The caravan embraced 7 wagons, 4 carts, 5 dearbons, 150 sheep, and 75 cattle. In their immediate settlement they found only the following families in possession : 1, Humphrey Smith; 2, Cornelius Gilliam; 3, John Gilliam; 4, William Riggs; and 5, Samuel Croley. There were no other neighbors.
November 20-The seat of government is removed from St. Charles to Jefferson City.
1827.
THE CANTONMENT OF LEAVENWORTH LOCATED.
The following order was the initiative step for the establish- ment of Fort Leavenworth:
"Adjutant-General's Office, "Washington, March 7, 1827.
"Colonel Leavenworth, of the 3d Infantry, with four com- panies of his regiment, will ascend the Missouri, and when he reaches a point on the left bank, near the mouth of the Little Platte River, and within a range of twenty miles, above or below its confluence, he will select such position as, in his judgment, is best calculated for a site of a permanent cantonment. The spot being chosen, he will construct, with the troops at his command, comfortable, though temporary, quarters, sufficient for the accom- modation of four companies. This movement will be made as early as the convenience of the service will permit.
"By order of Major-General Brown."
R. JONES, ADJUTANT-GENERAL.
April 17, 1827-Colonel H. L. Leavenworth and his four com- panies of 3d Infantry came up the Missouri on a steamer, touch- ing at Liberty Landing, as Mrs. Shubal Allen well recollects. At the mouth of the Platte (Parkville) he landed and made an accu- rate examination of the locality, but condemned it as a site for a cantonment.
May 8, 1827-Colonel Leavenworth reported that there was no place on the left bank of the Missouri he could recommend ; but that there was a site on the right. or west. side of the river, known as Rattlesnake Hills, that he approved. His recommendation was approved September 19. 1827. In the meantime Colonel Leavenworth had erected temporary barracks, and his men had
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FT. LEAVENWORTH.
named the post "Cantonment Leavenworth." The name is adopted in General Orders, dated November 8, 1827. But Feb- ruary 8, 1832, by General Order No. 1, the title "Cantonment," in this, and all other instances, is changed to "Fort." Its locality is 39 degrees 21 minutes north latitude and 96 degrees 44 minutes west of Washington.
THE MILITARY RESERVE.
A large body of land on the west side of the Missouri was, at an early day, reserved from Indian grants, and in 1838 Presi- dent Van Buren designated the lands previously surveyed be- tween Bee Creek and the Missouri, as a Military Reserve for Fort Leavenworth. The northern line was so run as to embrace Rialto, and dislodge a nest of outlaws, who had established them- selves at that place, and were selling liquor to soldiers and Indians. October 18. 1844, a large portion of the Reserve, on the Missouri side, was vacated, and, after survey by Daniel G. Saunders, was entered by preëmptors. The present Reserve con- tains only 936 acres. Most of it is low and swampy bottom land. The original timber has been removed, and the land is now a waste of young elm, sycamore, willow, and cottonwood. It is of no use to the Government, and ought to be sold to settlers. When I first passed. in 1839, through the Reserve, it was densely set in large cottonwood and sycamore trees.
ROBERT ELLIS,
Late of Weston, was a corporal in one of the companies that located the Cantonment. He always took to himself much honor for the part taken by himself. With his little hatchet, he blazed an oak tree, and inaugurated the grandest military post of the West.
1828. FISHING AT THE FALLS OF PLATTE.
George F. Duncan, now of Clinton County, Mo., but in 1828 of Smithville, says he accompanied James Winn, Abijah Brooks, and Alex. B. Duncan on a fishing excursion to the Falls of Platte. Three wagons were taken, and provision for man and beast. Fish were then-in the spring-coming down the river; and as they descended the inclined plane of flat rocks, the fishermen caught them in nets, or lanced them with pikes. There were some buffalo, but catfish were abundant, and weighed from 10 to 70 pounds. The wagons were well loaded. Zadock Martin had not then come to the Falls, and the military road from Fort Leavenworth to Barry had not been opened.
THE MILITARY ROAD.
For ten years after Fort Leavenworth was established Clay County was the base of supplies for the soldiers. Beef, bacon, lard, and vegetables, and other marketing were brought from
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THE MILITARY ROAD.
Clay. But there was no wagon road. Platte River was often past fording. Bee Creek had no fords, and at that time every branch was a creek, and every creek a rivulet. In the first settle- ment of Platte, hundreds of mill-sites were selected on streams that now do not run three months in the year. In the summer of 1828 soldiers were detailed to open a good road from the Fort to Barry. A ford of brush and stone was made on Bee Creek, and a perfectly straight road from the Missouri to Bee Creek was cut out, twenty feet wide. At Whiteley's farm it rose to the top of the ridge, and followed the divide to within a mile of the Falls. After crossing the road, it followed another divide to Barry. It passed in front of Garrard Chesnut's, crossed Todd's Creek at Ben Jack's, headed the hollows to Longpoint, and by a straight course went to Barry. The heavy work on the west end of the route was done by soldiers; but the people of Clay gave much assistance on the east end.
FERRIES.
But still two streams had to be crossed; and Zadock Martin was authorized to settle at the Falls and keep ferries over both the Platte and the Missouri rivers. Keel-boats were used on the Missouri, and for the Platte gunwales were hewed, and plank ripped out by the whip-saw.
ZADOCK MARTIN,
In the fall of 1828, came from Clay with his sons and slaves, and built, of hewed lynn logs, a two-room house on the bluff on the eastern shore, below the Falls. Two shed-rooms were added, making a house of four rooms. Here he kept a tavern in the wilderness. His force was a half-dozen negro men and as many stalwart sons. Besides these, there were his good wife and three handsome daughters. He had no neighbor within fifteen miles.
Martin was peculiarly fitted for his calling. Tall and brawny, he weighed about 175 pounds. He wore a broad-rimmed hat and carried a hickory cane. His eyes flashed lightning, and his mouth reverberated thunder. He demanded instantaneous obedience of friend or foe. Yet he was just and charitable, and loved by his family and his servants. His sons and negroes formed a military troop that even the commander of the Fort hesitated to exasperate. He cultivated corn in a field opposite his house, in the bottom, and in a thirty-acre field where Tracy now stands. He also had a field of corn in Sand Prairie, opposite the Fort, and another in Fancy Bottom, above Weston. He had a sugar camp on the bluff, above the present mouth of Bee Creek. ITis hay was ent on the prairie, three miles southeast of his home. Tis cattle wintered on the rushes that then abounded in all the Missouri bottoms. His hogs ran wild, and fed upon the mast. that consisted of acorns, hickory-nuts, and pecans. His hog- killing was done with dogs and guns. When pork was wanted.
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