USA > Missouri > Bates County > History of Bates County, Missouri > Part 2
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It will be difficult to confine this story wholly to the confines of (3)
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HISTORY OF BATES COUNTY
Bates county as it exists now and has existed since its present boundaries were fixed in 1855; for much of the most interesting part of our early history occurred along the Osage, the little Osage, and the Marais des Cygnes rivers, and part of which, of course, occurred in what is now Vernon county. It is true that in the real pioneer days Bates county included all of what is now Vernon; and hence a discussion of some things which took place south of both the Osages could not be objec- tionable in a present-day history of Bates county. But our purpose is, as nearly as possible, to keep within the boundaries of this county, and anything of occurrences beyond will merely be excursions worth while to illumine our own history.
Notwithstanding the difficulties and perplexities involved, the writing of the story of this community, the story of the lives and acomplish- ments of our people and their ancestors, is a pleasant one; and we hope to do it so well that all who read these pages will thereby be pleased and profited. The scope of the work is sufficiently broad to take in everything in the life and labors of our people worth recording.
The progress of this state and county is such that we need not refer to latitude and longitude, or appeal to the Gunter's chain, to locate Bates county as it is today. It has a place "on the map." and all that need be said to locate and identify it is this: Bates county, Missouri, is a border county, joining the state of Kansas on the west, the third county south from the Missouri river in the western or border tier of counties running south to Arkansas. It joins Cass and Johnson on the north, Henry and St. Clair on the east and Vernon on the south. It lies about half way between the great Missouri river bottoms on the north, and the western foothills of the Ozarks on the south; about half way between Kansas City, Missouri, on the north and Joplin on the south. With this description any school child in the Union can locate and point out Bates county on the map. It contains 866 square miles, or 554,240 acres-more than a half million, nearly all in a high state of cultivation. one of the very largest producers of corn, cattle, hogs, horses and mules in the state. Bates county is a little more than two-thirds the size of the state of Rhode Island. A circle drawn with Butler, the county seat of Bates county, as its center, and whose diameter is 200 miles and its radii 100. will inclose the richest and most productive area to be found on the face of the globe in similar area around any center ; and this circle will touch only parts of Missouri and Kansas. It might well be called a magic circle, for its agricultural possibilities are wonderful and its mineral resources marvelous ; and if the diameter and radii of
35
HISTORY OF BATES COUNTY
this circle should be doubled the same statements of its area would still be true. Such a circle would include the very heart of this country, and Bates county lies at its center.
People who now live and own homes within 100 miles of Butler -- of the center of Bates county-do not properly appreciate the great privi- leges and advantages which are theirs.
A broader view of our relation to history requires that a brief account of the state, its origin and development be given. Prior to 1763 the territory of Bates county belonged to France and was a part of that vast western empire which, wherever settled or occupied, recog- nized Louis XV as its king and sovereign. This ownership was predi- cated upon "the right of discovery" made by the French Canadians who as explorers, voyageurs, and trappers and fur dealers, had pushed far west and southwest from Canada by way of the Great Lakes on the north to the waters of the Mississippi and thence down that river, and up its tributaries, to greater or less distance.
Prior to 1763 the entire continent of North America belonged to France, England, Spain and Russia. France owned prior to 1760 all that portion west of the Mississippi river as well as all of Canada. The "French War in North America," as it is usually called, between the French and English began in 1752, and closed in 1760. This war was waged between them for possession of this continent. The French were in possession of Canada and Louisiana. They entrenched their forces on the banks of the St. Lawrence river, and near the mouth of the Mississippi and attempted by the occupation of various points in the interior to confine the English colonies to a narrow strip on the Atlantic coast. The Indians of the West became the allies of the French. The French and English both claimed the country drained by the Ohio, but it had been settled by neither. The governor of Virginia organ- ized a force to take possession of the spot where Pittsburgh now stands ; but the French beat him to it, and established there Fort Duquesne and held it until 1758. A long struggle ensued to dispossess the French. Here in 1755 Braddock was defeated and General Washington won his first renown. Then followed the battles of Ticonderoga, Crown Point, and Niagara, in 1759, all taken by the English, and the war in America terminated in the capture of Quebec by General Wolfe; but the strug- gle for the possession in Europe continued until, on September 8, 1760, it was ceded to England. But France retained possession of Louisiana until 1762, when she ceded it to Spain, thus yielding her last foothold upon the American continent. At that time neither France nor any
36
HISTORY OF BATES COUNTY
one else had any adequate idea of the vast territory west of the Mis- sissippi river. It was practically an unexplored country which we know as the "Louisiana Purchase." As long as the French held it, it was called the "Province of Louisiana" and it included what is now the state of Missouri, as well as all the states west of the Mississippi, except the territory afterward acquired from Mexico and Russia and the state of Texas. Then for thirty-seven or thirty-eight years what is now Mis- souri was under Spanish rule, and the whole cession was known as the "Illinois country." During that time free commerce on the Mississippi became a burning question. Spain controlled both banks of the river at New Orleans and the settlers in Kentucky, Tennessee and other parts of the Mississippi valley clamored for an open way for commerce to the sea, or at least to New Orleans and the Gulf of Mexico. The point was that Spain claimed the right to close the river to all but Spanish commerce. The controversy was serious. It is not necessary to go further into this vexed question. In 1802 the Spanish intendant at New Orleans withdrew the right of deposit, and that again inflamed conditions. But about that time it became known in this country that Spain had retroceded Louisiana to France by the secret treaty of San Ildefonso two years before 1800, in return for an Italian principality to be granted to the son-in-law of the King of Spain. The doings of Napoleon in this country led President Jefferson to send Monroe to France in 1803, with instructions to buy New Orleans and the Floridas, or at least secure a port of deposit or similar concession.
When Mr. Monroe reached Paris, he discovered that Livingston, the resident minister, had completed the preliminaries of the purchase not only of New Orleans, but of the whole of Louisiana. At that time England and France were at peace, but Napoleon's continental policy. he knew, was certain to bring on war with England. On account of dan- gers threatening from that quarter and unexpected obstacles he was encountering in San Domingo, where the heroic resistance of Toussaint L'Ouverture was giving him much trouble and exhausting his resources, he suddenly abandoned his dreams of a colonial empire on this continent. Colonial expansion and war with England at the same time would prove too great a burden. "Napoleon, therefore, with the remorseless dis- regard for sentiment that made and ruined him, met Livingston's demands for concessions on the Mississippi with the proposal to sell all of Louisiana to the United States." Before Mr. Livingston
37
HISTORY OF BATES COUNTY
could recover from his astonishment Mr. Monroe arrived, and after talk- ing the matter over together they resolved to exceed their instructions and accept the bargain "tossed into their laps."
For $15,000,000 the United States secured all the claims of France to New Orleans and the watershed of the Mississippi on the western bank. Thus began the colonial expansion of our own government. This purchase more than doubled our material domain, settled forever the Mississippi question and hastened the inevitable advance to the Pacific.
From this it will be noticed that Missouri has twice been under the sovereignty of France and once under Spain. The history of Mis- souri, or the Province of Louisiana as it was known under French rule, and as the Illinois country under Spanish rule, would be interesting; but we need not go into that. At the time of the transfer from France to Spain in 1762 there was only one settlement within the bounds of the present state of Missouri, Ste. Genevieve, 1735, the oldest in the state. St. Charles was established the year of the cession, 1762, and St. Louis in 1764. Then came Carondelet in 1767, Florissant in 1776; and these seem to have been all the towns in existence at the time of the Louisiana Purchase.
Missouri was admitted as a territory by James Madison, June 4, 1812. Missouri territory then embraced what is now Missouri state, Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota west of the Mississippi, Oklahoma, North and South Dakota, Nebraska, Montana, and most of Kansas, Colorado and Wyoming. It was admitted as a state, conditionally, March 2, 1820, by James Monroe, President ; but was not formally admitted until August 10, 1821. The story of Missouri's struggle for admittance as a state is an intensely interesting one, but too long for a work like this.
It has been truly said that Missouri is the mother of all the great West. Her sons and daughters have followed the sun to the Pacific, and every state west of the mouth of the Kaw is indebted to Missouri for many of the brave pioneers who have blazed the way to statehood and greatness in the land of their adoption and settlement ; and not- withstanding the stream which has flowed out to the westward tlie "Mother State" has waxed great and strong and fat.
Any extended eulogium upon our state would be manifestly out of place here ; but it requires no great vision to see her fifty or an hundred years hence, still leading all the boundless West in commerce and mate-
38
HISTORY OF BATES COUNTY
rial greatness, strong, prosperous and patriotic; the home of good folk then as now, and as beloved by her children of the generations to come. Her continued progress is assured. She has the love and devotion of her people ; and her internal values and her external environments are guaranties of her future greatness.
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CHAPTER II.
EXPLORATION AND SETTLEMENT.
LIMITATIONS OF STORY-LEGAL AGE OF COUNTY-AREA-CLASSIFICATION- BEGINNING-OCCUPATION BY OSAGES-THEIR CHARACTERISTICS-MAR- QUETTE'S MAP-EARLY MAPS AND WRITERS-PREHISTORIC RACE-VOY- AGEURS AND COURIERS DU BOIS-JOLIET AND MARQUETTE-DE SOTO AND DE CORONADO - PENALOZA'S EXPEDITION - ADVENTURERS - FRENCH
CLAIMS TO TERRITORY-FIRST FRENCH EXPLORATIONS-GRANT TO FRENCH KING-M. DE TISSENET'S VISIT-NAMING OF OSAGE, LITTLE OSAGE, AND MARMITON-LOCATION OF THE OSAGES-THE MISSISSIPPI COMPANY- RENAULT-INTRODUCTION OF SLAVERY-"GET RICH QUICK" SCHEME- RENAULT'S MEN.
In telling the story of Bates county we refer to the county as it was finally organized by act of the General Assembly in 1855, and as it is now; for there has been no change in boundary since. Where reference to Cass, Van Buren, Vernon or other counties are made, care will be taken to explain the relation sustained by Bates to any other county. Roughly speaking Bates county is now sixty-three years old. That is a short period in history but there have been many changes in the world, in our nation and state, since Bates county was legally cre- ated and became one of the great counties of this great commonwealth. It might be a pleasant privilege to write down the solemn and momen- tous events which have occurred within the life of Bates county of national and world importance-the progress and decline of people, crumbling dynasties, wars, victories and defeats ; the marvelous achieve- ments of science in every field of human speculation ; the literary, philosophical and moral accomplishments of our own people as well as of the other civilized people of the world. But an excursion into such wide and limitless fields is beyond the scope of this work whose boun- daries are fixed, by law and the Gunter's chain. Bates contains within its boundaries a little more than half a million acres-a little more than 900 square miles. It is the fourth in area in the state. It belongs in the class described as rolling, prairie country. It has a history as important and interesting as any in the western part of the state. Its present
MAP OF BATES COUNTY, MISSOURI.
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CHAPTER
EXPLORATION AND
LIMITATIONS OF STORY-LEGAL AGE OF
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CLAIMS TO TERRITORY-FIRST FRE FRENCH KING-M. DE TISSENET'S VISIT- AND MARMITON-LOCATION OF THE OS RENAULT-INTRODUCTION OF SLAVERY RENAULT'S MEN.
In telling the story of Bates county was finally organized by act of the Gen it is now: for there has been no chang reference to Cass, Van Buren, Vernon or will be taken to explain the relation sus county. Roughly speaking Bates county That is a short period in history but ther the world, in our nation and state, since ated and became one of the great countie It might be a pleasant privilege to write tous events which have occurred within national and world importance-the pro crumbling dynasties, wars, victories and de ments of science in every field of hun philosophical and moral accomplishments of the other civilized people of the world. wide and limitless fields is beyond the sco daries are fixed, by law and the Gunter's its boundaries a little more than half a mill 900 square miles. It is the fourth in area il class described as rolling, prairie country. and interesting as any in the western pat
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40
HISTORY OF BATES COUNTY
development as we know it, did not begin until after the din of battle, the smoke and shouting had passed away at the conclusion of our Civil War in 1865.
It is not our purpose to overstep the county lines except where the events transpired on both sides of the boundary in such a manner as to render the story incomplete without crossing into other counties or into the state of Kansas.
Harking back to the beginning of any knowledge of this territory by white men, we find that Bates county was occupied by the Osage (or Ouachage) Indian tribes, the Grand, or as sometimes written, Great Osage, and the Little Osage. Ethologically, they were one tribe; but there seems to have been quite a difference between them physically and as to mental attributes. The Great Osages, by all authorities, were the largest and finest specimens of manhood and womanhood among all the wild tribes of the hills or prairies. The men, or "bucks" were tall, straight, athletic; the squaws, well formed, straight, with regular Greek- line faces, and of a uniform lighter color than other Indian tribes. Indeed, history leads to the conviction that the Grand Osages were pure in blood, more definite in type, and superior in mentality, contrasted with or measured by any of the numerous tribes who inherited the prairies and dwelt thereon.
As far back as we have any history Bates county was a part of the lands of the Osages, as far back as 1673, when the renowned Father Marquette descended the Mississippi and viewed its tributaries. He made a map on his return and this country was shown on it as the Osage country. Of course he did not explore the Missouri nor the Osage, but he understood that all the country west of the Mississippi was inhabited by Indians and he learned in some way that this part of the then unexplored West belonged to the Osage tribes, and so put it on his map. Every later map up to the second treaty made with the Osages in 1825 had this territory marked as Osage country. So it was treated by Shea, Charlevoix, Du Pratz, and other early writers. As we shall see later, this treaty between the Osages and the United States in 1825, removed the Osages out of Bates county and out of Missouri.
There is no authentic evidence that any other race of people ever occupied this particular territory other than the American Indian prior to the coming of the white men. The story of a prehistoric race called the "Mound Builders" is so dreamy and imaginative that, at least, so far as Bates county is concerned, it is disregarded. In passing, it should be stated that the numerous beautiful mounds in this county are held by competent authority to be results of geological formations and the ero-
41
HISTORY OF BATES COUNTY
sions of the ages. Certain it is, nothing has ever been discovered in or about these mounds to justify the belief that any of them are the work of human hands.
If called upon to say when the first white man of European stock first set foot on Bates county soil we would be compelled by candor to say no one knows; but if the French-Canadian voyageurs, or couriers du bois, generally spoken of as French and Indian half-breeds, are to be taken into account, it may fairly be claimed that they came into this territory as far back as 1700, or more than an hundred years before any white American ever set foot on our virgin soil. After the return of Joliet and Father Marquette, and Joliet had reported to Governor Fron- tenac at Montreal and the news of the great discovery got noised abroad, a horde of adventurers, hunters, and trappers streamed out of Canada and the North Country, found their way up the Fox river and by portage to the headwaters of the Wisconsin, down that river to its confluence with the Mississippi, the Father of Waters, and thence down it and up its tributaries, especially up those coming into it from the west. They followed up the great Missouri and up its tributaries, hunting, trapping and trafficking with the friendly Indians until they literally over-ran all this country between 1664 and 1800. It is a fair historical conclusion that these French-Canadians came up the Osage river and dealt with the Osage Indians right here in Bates county fifty or an hundred years before any Englishman or American set foot on our soil.
Digressing here a moment, it may be stated that the first Europeans who came west of the Mississippi were the men in the expeditions of Ferdinand De Soto and Francisco de Coronado. The former came from the southeast and the latter from the southwest, both being Span- iards, but neither of them quite reached Bates county. De Soto approached somewhere near Springfield and then turned south onto the White river, and thence to the Arkansas, thence northwest into what is now Oklahoma; turning about he again reached the Arkansas river, traveled a three days' journey up that river to the "town of Tanico" where he found a lake of "hot water" and "salt marshes"; thence south- east to the village of "Viscanque" which was probably on the Washita river somewhere in the state of Arkansas. There the expedition spent the winter of 1541-2. Then he went southeast until they reached the Mississippi river, where De Soto sickened and died May 21, 1542, and was buried in the waters of the Mississippi near Helena, to keep the Indians from knowing that he was dead. His wife died in Havana three days after hearing of his fate.
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado was the Spanish governor of the
42
HISTORY OF BATES COUNTY
northern portion of Mexico, called at that time New Gallicia or New Gallia. He was sent out on his expedition by Don Antonio de Mendoza, the Spanish Viceroy of Mexico.
Both these expeditions were bottomed upon marvelous stories of large cities and untold wealth and riches, situate somewhere far in the interior north of the Gulf of Mexico, and the object was to discover and conquer them, and of course, to dispoil them as Pizarro had done the people of Peru. after murdering their king in cold blood for gold. They were led to believe that they would find a "country abounding in popu- lous cities, containing temples and palaces with roofs of silver and whose inner walls were adorned with ornaments of burnished gold," and where precious metals and precious stones were to be found everywhere and the entire country was pictured as a succession of lovely landscapes, fertile fields, beautiful streams, fountains and flowers, and whose occu- pants were an intelligent, handsome, hospitable people dwelling in great wealth and luxury. History does not record how these wonderful stories originated or by whom, except to say that the Spaniards had heard these stories from the aborigines. Evidently they had wide circulation and were believed. Both treated the Indians, who were harmless and hospitable, with barbarous cruelty, and the Indians finally revenged themselves to some degree as best they could. De Soto dis- covered nothing in the nature of his quest, except the lead fields of south- east Missouri. Francisco de Coronado, whose search was for the fabled "seven cities of Cibola." found them to be miserable mud-built towns of the Zunis and Pueblos in New Mexico. But he treated the inoffensive Indians with cruelty, beating the men and ravishing their wives and daughters. One historian says: "Lusting as much for gold as for female virtue and consumed with a passion for both. they failed to find the former and only obtained the latter by the grossest violence." He tortured the poor Indians in a vain effort to make them tell where gold existed, until the Indians finally revolted, but were soon subdued by the Spaniards: and for their presumption "scores of them were burned at the stake and hundreds put to the sword." Thus did these brutal Spaniards teach these children of the plains who had received them with the soft music of the flute and an offering of fragrant flowers that "there is a God in heaven and an Emperor on earth."
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