USA > Missouri > Platte County > History of Clay and Platte Counties, Missouri : written and compiled from the most authentic official and private sources, including a history of their townships, towns, and villages, together with a condensed history of Missouri; a reliable and detailed history of Clay and Platte Counties --their pioneer record, resources, biographical sketches of prominent citizens. > Part 15
USA > Missouri > Clay County > History of Clay and Platte Counties, Missouri : written and compiled from the most authentic official and private sources, including a history of their townships, towns, and villages, together with a condensed history of Missouri; a reliable and detailed history of Clay and Platte Counties --their pioneer record, resources, biographical sketches of prominent citizens. > Part 15
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As reported in the Tribune there was a generous and hearty sub- scription. James M. Hughes gave $100 in cash. A. Lightburn, W. H. Wymer, S. McGauhey, J. C. Christy, Garlichs & Hale each gave $20; Clark & Wilson, $25, and other parties smaller sums. Col. J. T. V. Thompson gave four horses, E. M. Samuel, two, and A. Light- burn, John R. Keller, Robt. Walker, Joseph Courtney, Garrard Long, Samuel Hadley, E. D. Murray, R. Neally and Robt. Atkins each sub- scribed one horse.
A company was soon raised. Volunteers poured in not only from
142
HISTORY OF CLAY COUNTY.
all parts of this county, but from other counties. More men offered themselves than could be accepted. By the 6th of June the roll was full and the company left for Ft. Leavenworth, the place of rendez- vous. They arrived the same evening, were mustered into service the next day, and immediately went into camp.
Upon the organization of the regiment, the following was the mus- ter roll of the Clay county company, which became
COMPANY C, IST MISSOURI MOUNTED VOLUNTEERS.
O. P. Moss, Captain.
L. B. Sublette, First Lieutenant.
A. K. McClintock, Fourth Sergeant.
James H. Moss, Second Lieutenant.
George H. Wallis, 1st Corporal.
Thomas Odgen, Third Lieutenant.
Carroll Scaggs, Second Corporal.
Thomas McCarty, First Sergeant.
John S. Groom, Third Corporal.
James Long, Second Sergeant.
Martin Cloud, Fourth Corporal.
PRIVATES.
Abraham Estes, Bugler.
Robert Fleming,
Wm. Pence.
Henry B. Ammons.
Geo. Fleming.
Josiah Pence.
John Brisco.
Wm. C. Gunter.
Peter C. Pixlee.
Wm. Beal.
Hiram Green.
Ben. Pendleton.
Park Benthal.
Carroll Hughes.
Pendegrass.
Wash Bell.
John T. Hughes.
Martin Ringo.
James T. Barnes, Blks'ith. James Burns.
Doc. Hall.
Robt. Sherer.
Sherrod Burton.
James Hall.
John Shouse.
James Cooper.
John D. Holt.
John Story.
Smith Cumins.
Chas. Human.
James Sites.
Wash Crowley.
Bailor Jacobs.
Cunningham Scott.
Ed. Crabster.
Newton Jacobs.
James Saunders.
John G. Christy.
And. Job.
Thos. Stephenson.
James Chorn. Rufus Cox.
Wm. T. Leard.
Addison Smith.
Allen Cox.
James Lamar.
Shelton Samuels.
Wm. Campbell.
Matt. Letchworth.
Jos. Sanderson.
Hiram Chaney.
Richardson Long (Suthey). Wm. P. Snowden. Dick Long.
Riley Stoutt.
Hudson Clayton.
McNeice.
Joshua Tillery.
Wash W. Drew.
Wesley Martin.
Henry Tillery. Thompson.
Matt. Duncan.
Dewilton Mosby.
And. Tracy.
Wm. Duncan.
James McGee.
Thos. Waller.
Theo. Duncan.
John J. Moore.
Wm. Wells.
Riley Everett.
Abraham Miller.
James Wills.
Henry Ellis.
Benj. W. Marsh.
Hardin Warren.
Harvy W. English.
Albert McQuidely.
John Warren.
Spencer Faubion.
Richard A. Neeley. John Nash.
James York.
Riley Franklin.
John Neal.
John York.
John M. Findley.
Edward Owens.
Jack Laidlow. (Col'd.) Capt. Serv't.
Thos. Fielding.
Jesse Price.
Gideon Wood.
Matt. Franklin.
Eli Murray.
Harvey Darneal.
John Leard.
Obadiad Sullivan.
N. Paley Carpenter.
Willard P. Hall.
Alonzo Rudd.
Wm. Wallis, Third Sergeant.
For some time it had been understood that one of Clay county's honored and most honorable citizens, Gen. Alex. W. Doniphan, would in all probability be the colonel of the regiment making up at Leaven- worth. He was pushed forward for the position by the people of Clay of all parties and shades of opinion, and nothing was left undone by
143
HISTORY OF CLAY COUNTY.
them to attain for him this distinction. The colonel of the regiment was to be designated by election, every member having a vote. All the electioneering therefore had to be among the volunteers. One specimen of how this was done may here be given.
Capt. John W. Reid's company, of Saline county, marched through to Leavenworth, via Liberty. When they reached Liberty the citizens received them and took excellent care of them. In a journal of M. B. Edwards, a member of the company, published a year or two since,1 and detailing the experiences of his company, appears the following :-
Sunday, June 7, Liberty, Clay county, was reached. Here the company was well entertained, given suppers, beds, and breakfast at the hotels, excellent pasture and forage for the horses, and shown every attention. But although it may be wrong to impugn the good actions of the people of Liberty, I was rather disposed to attribute their conduct more to policy than to patriotism, for Hon. A. W. Doniphan, a prominent and popular citizen of the place, has declared himself a candidate for colonel of the regiment to which we are to be attached !
The election of field officers came off at Leavenworth, July 19; Gen. Doniphan was elected colonel, C. F. Ruff, lieutenant-colonel, and Wm. Gilpin, major. Doniphan and Ruff were both of Clay county ; Gilpin was from Jackson. Col. Ruff resigned September 17, following his election, and was appointed captain in the regular army. He was a rigid disciplinarian, too strict for the volunteers, and on that account very unpopular with them. Col. Congreve Jackson, of Howard county, succeeded Ruff as lieutenant-colonel.
At the time of his election as commander of the First Missouri Col. Doniphan was 38 years of age. He had, however, commanded a bri- gade of militia during the Mormon War, and unlike many another " colonel," had before " set a squadron in the field," and knew gun- powder from black sand. He, too, was a Whig, but his Democratic soldiers voted for him, and Gov. Edwards and President Polk gladly commissioned him. It was a singular fact, moreover, that while the Whigs, as a party, opposed the Mexican War, perhaps a majority of the Americans who fought in it were Whigs. It came to be called a Democratic war, and a Whig fight. Gens. Scott and Taylor were prominent Whigs, as were other general officers. Of the 114 men which at first composed the Clay county company, 90 were Whigs and only 24 were Democrats.
1 History of Saline county, p. 240.
144
HISTORY OF CLAY COUNTY.
June 23, a delegation of citizens of the county, a large number of whom were ladies, went up from Liberty, on the steamer Missouri Mail, to Forth Leavenworth and presented the Clay county company with a beautiful flag. Mrs. Hannah O. Cunningham, wife of Prof. Oliver Cunningham, made the presentation address, and Capt. O. P. Moss responded. The flag was of silk, made by the ladies them- selves, and bore the motto : " The love of country is the love of God.". As the day was rainy and the ground where the company had assem- bled was unfavorable, the presentation was made on the hurricane deck of the boat.
The flag was carried safely through the war, brought home, and was unfortunately consumed in the fire which destroyed the court-house, in 1857. The flag had been deposited in the building for safe keeping.
The services rendered the country by Col. Doniphan and his regi- ment need not here be enumerated. Other volumes have been de- voted to them, and they are read and known by every school boy who studies the history of his country, The remarkable expedition to Santa Fe and thence to Chihuahua won the plaudits of the American people, the commendations of military chieftains and the admiration of mankind.1
After a stay of 20 days Doniphan's regiment left Fort Leavenworth Friday, June 26, 1846, for Santa Fe, New Mexico, which place it reached August 18. En route, two Clay county men, James Chorn and Hon. Thos. McCarty, took prisoner a son of the Mexican General Salazar, a remarkable feat under the circumstances. At Santa Fe Willard P. Hall (then member of Congress elect) volunteered in Capt. Hudson's company, and accompanied Gen. Kearney to Cali- fornia.
The Clay company took part in the engagements at the Bracito, December 25, 1846, and at Sacramento, February 28, 1847, and then marched on into old Mexico.
Of the engagement at Sacramento, wherein, as is reported, and has been frequently published, only two Americans were killed (Maj. Samuel Owens, of Independence, who was not a soldier, and A. A. Kirkpatrick, of Capt. Walton's Lafayette company ), while more than three hundred Mexicans were slain, - of this phenomenal battle, Gen. Taylor was pleased to say in orders : -
The commanding general would at the same time an- nounce another signal success won by the gallantry of our troops on
1 For further mention of Doniphan's regiment, see p. 57
145
HISTORY OF CLAY COUNTY.
the 28th of February, near the city of Chihuahua. A column of Mis- souri volunteers, less than a thousand strong, with a light field battery, attacked a Mexican force, many times their superior in numbers, in an entrenched position, captured its artillery and baggage, and de- feated it with great loss. * By command of MAJOR GENERAL TAYLOR.
The vast superiority of the Anglo-Saxon race, though only one to four, carried all before them, and the battle was decided, though not finished, in an hour after it began. The battle of Sacramento was fought on the 28th of February, 1847. After the battle Doniphan took possession of the city of Chihuahua, and capital of the State, containing a population of 25,000 souls.
On the 24th of April, 1847, after remaining in Chihuahua two months, the regiment was ordered home, which news was received joy- fully, and the men began their march for Missouri on the 26th of April, 1847, moving down into Mexico, to Gen. Wool's headquarters, where they were discharged, their year of service having expired. Upon being mustered out and receiving their pay, they marched to the seaboard.
On the 5th of June, 1847, Doniphan's regiment left Mexico for the United States, arriving at New Orleans on the 15th. Before it left Mexico it received the following very complimentary mention from Brig. Gen. Wool, commanding division : -
HEADQUARTERS AT BUENA VISTA, May 22, 1847. Special Orders No. 273.
I. The general commanding takes great pleasure in expressing the gratification he has received this afternoon in meeting the Missouri volunteers. They are about to close their present term of military service, after having rendered, in the course of the arduous duties they have been called upon to perform, a series of highly important serv- ices, crowned by decisive and glorious victories. No troops can point to a more brilliant career than those commanded by Col. Doniphan, and none will ever hear of the battles of Bracito and Sacramento with- out a feeling of admiration for the men who gained them. The State of Missouri has just cause to be proud of the achievements of the men who represented her in the army against Mexico, and she will, no doubt, receive them on their return with all the joy and satisfaction to which a due appreciation of their merits and services so justly en- titles them. In bidding them adieu, the general wishes to Col. Don- iphan, his officers and men, a happy return to their families and homes. By command of IRVIN MCDOWELL,1 A. A. Gen. BRIG. GEN. JOHN E. WOOL.
1 General in command of the Federal army at the first battle of Bull Run, Va., July 21, 1861.
-
146
HISTORY OF CLAY COUNTY.
After an interesting experience of a homeward voyage, a grand re- ception at St. Louis, the survivors reached their Missouri homes. The Clay county company arrived at home about the 1st of July, and on the 15th were given a grand public reception and dinner in a grove, a little southeast of Liberty. There was a large procession in charge of Col. J. T. V. Thompson as marshal. Col. H. L. Routt delivered an address of welcome to the soldiers, and this address was responded to by Col. Doniphan. Other speakers were Gen. David R. Atchison and Hon. James H. Birch. The dinner was a magnificent affair. One cake was five feet in height, and the baker was Miss Mary Dale, now Mrs. . John Morris. There were present thousands of people, one of the largest concourses that ever assembled in Liberty.
Not all of the volunteers returned. John M. Finley died at El Paso, of typhoid fever, aged 21. Wm. Duncan was another that died in New Mexico, at Bent's Fort. John D. Leard was shot by Ben. W. Marsh at the Valverde crossing of the Rio del Norte. Marsh was tried by court-martial but acquitted. James Wills died en route to Chihuahua, below El Paso. Gideon Wood was slightly wounded at the battle of Bracito.
THE POLITICAL CANVASS OF 1848.
This being the year of a Presidential election, politics engrossed a considerable portion of the attention of our people, and Whigs and " Locofocos," - as the Democrats were nicknamed - were vigilant and enthusiastic in the support of their parties.
The candidates for Governor were James S. Rollins, Whig, and Austin A. King, Democrat ; for Congress, Edward M. Samuel, Whig, of Clay, and Willard P. Hall, Democrat, of Buchanan. The vote at the August election in this county was as follows : -
Governor - Rollins, 745; King, 531.
Congress - Samuel, 570 ; Hall, 578.
Legislature - Thos. F. Swetnam, Whig, 739 ; H. L. Routt, Dem- ocrat, 478.
Sheriff-O. P. Moss, Whig, 654; Samuel Hadley, Democrat, 645.
Hall was re-elected to Congress by a large majority, and in the State the vote for Governor was : King, 48,921; Rollins, 33,968.
Early in the year 1847 a movement was started in the country by the Whigs to make Gen. Zachary Taylor, then commanding the armies of the United States in Mexico, a candidate for President. The move- ment was popular, grew in public favor month by month, and at the Whig national convention in 1848 he was nominated without opposi- tion. The Whigs were greatly delighted. Gen. Taylor was given the
147
HISTORY OF CLAY COUNTY.
sobriquet of " Rough and Ready," or " Old Zach," and a campaign of fuss and fustian was inaugurated, similar to that of 1840.
The fight on the part of the Whigs, or Taylor and Fillmore men, was spirited and vigorous. They were determined not to lose the battle this year through inaction on their part. . A verse of one of their cam- paign songs ran : ---
Jimmy Polk we thought a joke in eighteen forty-four, When he was made the nominee 'way down at Baltimore. But we'll look out what we're about before it is too late, And we'll have no such cruel tricks played off in 'forty-eight.
In this district Col. Doniphan was at first elected by the Whigs as their candidate for election, but he declined, and William A. Witcher, also of Clay, was selected in his stead. Several meetings were held in the county this year, and at the November election, though there was a reduced vote, the Whigs easily carried the county, the follow- ing being the vote of the townships : -
Townships.
Taylor. 46
Cass.
Gallatin
43
Liberty ยท
.
413
224
Fishing River
36
65
Washington
52
46
Platte
79
40
Total .
626
418
At this election Mordecai Oliver, of Ray, was elected circuit attor- ney over Chas. J. Hughes, of Caldwell.
On the 9th of December the Whigs had a grand celebration at Lib- erty over the election of Gen. Taylor. A large meeting was presided over by Madison Miller, and Col. Doniphan, Mr. Witcher and Col. Pitt made speeches.
CENSUS OF 1848.
By the census of 1848 the county's population aggregated 9,426, as follows : -
6,882
Total white population
. 2,530
Total slave population
14
Total free negroes
Total
9,426
The population of Liberty was 728.
148
HISTORY OF CLAY COUNTY.
THE JACKSON RESOLUTIONS.
Early in the year 1849 there began a series of discussions in the Missouri Legislature concerning the slavery question, or, rather, the power of Congress over slavery in the Territories. On the 15th of Jan- uary Hon. C. F. Jackson, Senator from Howard, afterward Governor of the State, introduced into the Legislature a series of resolutions, as follows : -
Resolved by the General Assembly of the State of Missouri: That the Federal constitution was the result of a compromise between the conflicting interests of the States which formed it, and in no part of that instrument is to be found any delegation of power to Congress to legislate on the subject of slavery, excepting some special provisions, having in view the prospective abolition of the African slave trade, made for securing the recovery of fugitive slaves ; any attempt there- fore on the part of Congress to legislate on the subject, so as to affect the institution of slavery in the States, in the District of Columbia, or in the Territories, is, to say the least, a violation of the principles upon which that instrument was founded.
2. That the Territories, acquired by the blood and treasure of the whole nation, ought to be governed for the common benefit of the people of all the States, and any organization of the territorial govern- ments excluding the citizens of any part of the Union from removing to such Territories with their property, would be an exercise of power by Congress inconsistent with the spirit upon which our Federal com- pact was based, insulting to the sovereignty and dignity of the States thus affected, calculated to alienate one portion of the Union from the other, and tending ultimately to disunion.
3. That this General Assembly regard the conduct of the Northern States on the subject of slavery as releasing the slave-holding States from all further adherence to the basis of compromise, fixed on by the act of Congress of March 6, 1820, even if such act ever did impose any obligation upon the slave-holding States, and authorizes them to insist upon their rights under the constitution ; but for the sake of harmony and for the preservation of our Federal Union, they will still sanction the application of the principles of the Missouri Compromise to the recent territorial acquisitions, if by such concession future ag- gressions upon the equal rights of the States may be arrested and the spirit of anti-slavery fanaticism be extinguished.
4. The right to prohibit slavery in any Territory belongs exclusively to the people thereof, and can only be exercised by them in forming their constitution for a State government, or in their sovereign capacity as an independent State.
5. That in the event of the passage of any act of Congress conflict- ing with the principles herein expressed, Missouri will be found in hearty co-operation with the slave-holding States, in such measures as
149
HISTORY OF CLAY COUNTY.
may be deemed necessary for our mutual protection against the en- croachments of Northern fanaticism.
6. That our Senators in Congress be instructed and our Represent- atives be requested to act in conformity to these resolutions.
The foregoing resolutions were known as the " Jackson Resolu- tions," from the name of their mover, but their real author was Hon. W. B. Napton, of Saline county, latterly a Judge of the Supreme Court, who admitted the fact to the writer. Space is given to an ac- count of the Jackson resolutions in this volume from the fact that at the time they engaged a large share of the attention of the leading politicians and prominent men of the county. The Representative of the county voted against them, and the sentiments of but few of his constituents were in their favor. There were many who thought their passage untimely, unwise, and that they foreboded eventually a dis- solution of the Union. Many yet regard them as the beginning of the Civil War.
Col. Thomas H. Benton, Missouri's distinguished Senator, was especially opposed to the resolutions. He thought (and correctly, too, ) that they were aimed at him, and designed to deprive him of his seat in the United States Senate, which he had held for nearly thirty consecutive years. The last section commanded him to act in accordance with the resolutions, the spirit of which he had often vig- orously opposed.
In the House, Hon. Wm. T. Swetnam, the Representative from Clay, voted against every one of the resolutions, but they were adopted by a vote of 53 to 27 in the Lower House, and 24 to 6 in the Senate. Hon. Lewis Burns, of Platte, then the Senator from this district, voted for the resolutions.
Col. Benton appealed from the action of the Legislature to the people of Missouri,1 and canvassed the State against the Jackson reso- lutions.
1 SENATOR BENTON'S APPEAL.
To the People of Missouri: The General Assembly of our State at its last session adopted certain resolutions on the subject of slavery, and gave me instructions to obey them. From this command I appeal to the people of Missouri -the whole body of the people; and if they confirm the instructions I shall give them an opportunity to find a Senator to carry their will into effect, as I can not do anything to dissolve this Union, or to array one-half of it against the other.
I do not admit the dissolution of the Union to be a remedy, to be prescribed by statesmen, for diseases of the body politic, any more than I admit death and suicide to be a remedy, to be prescribed by physicians for the natural body. Cure, and not kill, is the only remedy which my mind can contemplate in either case.
150
HISTORY OF CLAY COUNTY.
In the prosecution of his appeal he visited Clay county, and on Monday, July 16, addressed a meeting in a grove half a mile from Liberty, having reached the town the previous Saturday. He in- tended speaking in the court-house, but the anti-Benton Democrats had gotten up a counter demonstration and procured the attendance of Col. James H. Birch, who was to reply to whatever Benton might say, and the latter declared he would not countenance " Jim Birch " in any manner whatever - would not speak in the same room where he had spoken, or was to speak. Col. J. T. V. Thompson, Howard Everett, F. Givinner, and other anti-Benton men got up a meeting in the forenoon, and so Benton spoke in the afternoon at 2 o'clock.
There were present to hear Benton's speech an audience of at least 1,000 persons, many of whom, however, were Whigs. Stimulated by the opposition he had met elsewhere, and goaded by the hostility of his enemies here, Col. Benton made a caustic but powerful effort. Rising by degrees to something of majestic denunciation he character-
I think it probable, from what I observe, that there are many citizens - good friends to the harmony and stability of this Union - who do not see the Missouri in- structions and their prototype, the Calhoun address, in the same light in which I see it, and in the light which it is seen by others who best understand it. For the infor- mation of such citizens, and to let them see the next step in this movement, and where it is intended to end, I hereby subjoin a copy of the Accomac resolutions, lately adopted by a county in Virginia, and fully indorsed by the Richmond Enquirer as the voice of the South. I do not produce these resolutions for the purpose of arraigning them; on the contrary, I see something in them to admire, as being bold and open, and to the true interpretation and legitimate sequence of the Calhoun movement. I consider the Calhoun address and its offspring, the Missouri instructions, as funda- mentally wrong; but to those who think them right, the Accomac resolutions are also right, and should be immediately imitated by similar resolutions in Missouri. I pro- duce them to enable the people of Missouri to see what it is to which their Legislature would commit the State, and what it is they have instructed me to do.
I appeal from these instructions to the people of Missouri - the whole body of the people - and in due time will give my reasons for so doing. It is a question above party, and goes to the whole people. In that point of view the Accomac resolutions present it, and present it truly ; and I shall do the same. I shall abide the decision of the people, and nothing else. Respectfully,
ST. LOUIS, May 9, 1849.
THOMAS H. BENTON.
NOTE. - The Accomac resolutions referred to by Col. Benton were a series of reso- lutions adopted at a public meeting at Accomac C. H., Virginia, March 26, 1849. Their author and mover was Henry A. Wise. The resolutions hinted strongly at secession or revolution in resistance to the " encroachment by the Federal government, and by the people of the North on the institution of slavery in the States, Territories and dis- tricts of the United States." Such expressions as "the time for action has arrived," " no time should be lost in preparing for the impending crisis," were common in these resolutions. - Compiler.
151
HISTORY OF CLAY COUNTY.
ized the anti-Benton men as "nullifiers " and " incipient secession- ists," 1 who would, if unsubdued, yet drag Missouri into civil war.
Adverting to the principal part of his speech he maintained that the spirit of nullification and treason lurked in the Jackson resolutions, especially in the fifth ; that they were a mere copy of the Calhoun resolutions, offered in the United States Senate, February 19, 1847, and denounced by him (Benton) at the time as fire-brands, and in- tended for disunion and electioneering purposes. He said he could see no difference between them, except as to the time contemplated for dissolving the Union, as he claimed that Mr. Calhoun's tended directly, and the Jackson resolutions ultimately, to that point. Col. Benton further argued that the Jackson resolutions were in conflict with the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and with the resolutions passed by the Missouri Legislature, February 15, 1847, wherein it was de- clared that " the peace, permanency and welfare of our national union depended upon a strict adherence to the letter and spirit " of that compromise, and which instructed the Missouri Senators and Representatives to vote in accordance with its provisions. In conclu- sion, Col. Benton warned his hearers that the Jackson resolutions were intended to mislead them into aiding the scheme of ultimately disrupting the national union, and entreated them to remain aloof from them.
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