USA > Missouri > St Charles County > History of St. Charles, Montgomery, and Warren counties, Missouri, written and comp. from the most authentic official and private sources, including a history of their townships, towns and villages, together with a condensed history of Missouri > Part 15
USA > Missouri > Montgomery County > History of St. Charles, Montgomery, and Warren counties, Missouri, written and comp. from the most authentic official and private sources, including a history of their townships, towns and villages, together with a condensed history of Missouri > Part 15
USA > Missouri > Warren County > History of St. Charles, Montgomery, and Warren counties, Missouri, written and comp. from the most authentic official and private sources, including a history of their townships, towns and villages, together with a condensed history of Missouri > Part 15
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Blue and wild grasses are mostly depended upon for pastures. Clover does well. Blue grass is indigenous, will furnish a green sward unsurpassed for winter pasture of both cattle and horses.
In 1879 there was mown 8,132 acres of tame grass, which produced 6,497 tons ; 67,241 bushels of Irish potatoes were raised, and 1,462 bushels of sweet potatoes. The value of orchard products was $46,- 608, and the amount of wood cut was 12,684 cords, whilst the value of wood consumed was $73,904. Of the wool clip of 1880, 6,046 fleeces made a total weight of 36,145 pounds. Of molasses from sorghum, 14,656 gallons were made.
Fruit. - From the earliest settlement of the county, apples, pears and peaches have been raised. There are some fruit trees, scattered here and there through the county, generally but few, and, some- times, but a single one in a place, which have borne fruit for almost as long a period as that covered by the memory of the " oldest inhab- itant." But within twenty years last past, orchard planting has re- ceived a mighty impetus, so that, whereas heretofore those having fruit were the exceptions in the community, now the case is reversed, and those are the exceptions who have no orchards or trees. Almost all owners of the soil have some fruit trees, even though they have but a fifty feet lot in town. An apple tree, a pear tree, a peach tree, is planted - more often several, and in a few years the owner has the great satisfaction (known only to those who have experienced it ) of plucking his own fruit, and it tastes neither of silver nor greenbacks. Besides these small efforts, the results of which can scarcely be digni- fied with the name of orchards, there are many which are orchards. The production of fruit has been a success with them, so far as it has been tried, both in quantity and quality. We undertake to say that no country produces better Genitan apples than can be found here, and though we may not speak so unequivocally of other kinds, because we are not well enough acquainted with the facts, we hazard nothing in saying that this fruit generally will compare favorably with any other.
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HISTORY OF ST. CHARLES COUNTY.
It is almost entirely of superior kinds, grafted or budded from and on good stocks, and carefully cultivated.
St. Charles county is peculiarly adapted to the growth of all kinds of fruit known to this region. During late years much attention has been given to orchards, and fruit growers are well repaid for their in- vestments ; apples especially being fine and selling at good prices. Peaches of large size and delicious flavor are produced in all parts of the county, but the crop is not so certain as that of apples. Pears, quinces, apricots and nectarines, plums and cherries are not generally grown for market. The red and yellow Chickasaw plum and the Ger- man prune and Damson yield abundant crops, and seldom fail.
Small Fruits. - Strawberries, blackberries, raspberries, gooseber- ries and currents are grown successfully all over the county.
The most extensive orchard in the county is that of R. H. Parks, Esq., in the Point Prairie, consisting of 10,000 trees. The next in size is that of Julius Mallinckrodt, near Augusta, of 2,000 trees. There are many other fine orchards in the county. Among the pro- prietors are Judge Barwise, B. A. Alderson, Jos. H. Barwise, E. K. Barwise, Charles Manning, Dr. B. W. Rogers, Alfred Stonebraker, Herman Wilke, Francis and August Marten, Wm. T. Lindsay, J. W. Charlesworth, John Eastabrooks, Dr. D. W. Ferguson, Joseph Hay, John C. Orrick, D. A. Griffith, Geo. N. Gaty, N. Reid, S. S. Watson, John S. Shaw, W. H. Gallaher, E. C. Cunningham, John Lindsay, Adolph Mallinckrodt, Conrad Mallinckrodt, C. Meyer, C. Diehr, J. Sudbrock, Geo. W. Kinney, Judge Barton Bates, J. Linhoff, W. Keithley, F. Schulte, John Nahm, Charles Miller, F. Valentine, J. C. McElhany, Wm. C. Dyer, Mrs John Lee, Dr. L. R. Ensor, R. B. Keeble's estate, Thos. Lewis' estate.
Most of the last named orchards were planted for market purposes, and contain from 300 to 1,500 trees.
Many small orchards return handsome profits, from the fact that their products are easily handled and well husbanded.
The following varieties of fruits are those most successfully grown in this county : -
APPLES. - Summer : Early harvest, white June, red Carolina June, red Astrachan, maiden's blush, and sweet bough. Autumn: Rambo, Rome beauty, Pennsylvania red, streak, yellow, belle-flower. Winter : Rawles' Janet stands highest, Ben Davis, winesap, willow twig, sweet Janet, Michael Henry pippin, Newton Spitzenberg ( Vandevere).
Many others, old and new, are grown, and of the latter many prom- ise well, while those above rank highest as yet.
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HISTORY OF ST. CHARLES COUNTY.
Peaches. - Hale's early, Trogh's early, Crawford's early and late, large early York, George the Fourth, old Mixon free and cling, Heath cling and free, besides the whole family of yellow melocotones.
Pears. - Bartlett, Seckel, Sheldon, Flemish beauty, Louise Bonne de Jersey, Duchess D'Angouleme, Vicar of Winkfield, white Doyenne, Tyson, Howell, Buffom, and several other varieties of the dwarf pear.
The fruits above named, with the exception of apples and peaches, are generally grown for amateur purposes only.
There are 400 acres in vineyards ; 200 acres are in Femme Osage township, and near the town of Augusta ; the other 200 acres are dis- tributed around St. Charles, up to O'Fallon, Wentzville, New Melle, Hamburg, Cottleville, etc. . Wine is made in considerable quantities, and meets with ready sale, as also the grape for table use, and each at remunerative prices. The most of the vineyards, planted prior to 1860, were of the Catawba variety, which, after a few years of suc- cessful cropping, proved to be a failure. At the present time two-thirds of our vineyards consist of the Concord. The other prin- cipal varieties are Norton's Virginia and Herbemont. Connoisseurs here consider our white wines equal, if not superior to the best Rhine wines. The Concord will produce 500 gallons per acre. The annual production for the county in 1872 was about 100,000 gallons. New Melle has 8 wine cellars ; total capacity, 50,000 gallons. Augusta, 20; total capacity, 100,000 gallons. Wentzville, 1; capacity, 20,000 gallons. St. Charles, 3; capacity, 60,000 gallons, besides several small cellars, with aggregate capacity of 100,000 gallons. Hamburg and Weldon Spring have a number of small cellars, with a capacity of about 30,000 gallons.
The principal kinds of grapes raised are the Catawba, Norton's Virginia Seedling, Concord, Cassady, Clinton, Taylor's Bullitt, Her- bemont, Delaware and Hartford Prolific. Among these, for table use, the Delaware stands first and the Concord second. For wine, Norton's Virginia Seedling is regarded as best, and the Concord next. But when the Catawba succeeds it is the most profitable, and ordinar- ily, when it makes a full crop, it yields more than any other kind. The average yield of the whole is about 500 gallons per acre - in a favorable season 800 gallons can be obtained - the ordinary calcula- tion being 18 pounds of grapes to the gallon of wine.
In 1880, according to the United States Census Report, there were 174,132 acres of improved lands in the county, which were divided into 2,114 farms. The total number of acres of all lands is 263,829,
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HISTORY OF ST. CHARLES COUNTY.
showing that about two-thirds of the lands of the county are improved. Nearly all of the unimproved land is timbered land. The value of the farms of the county was $7,687,934, and the value of all the farm products was estimated at $1,816,778.
The number of bushels of corn raised in 1879 was 1,614,960, gath- ered from 47,219 acres. On 11,483 acres, 249,554 bushels of oats were raised, and on 61,099 acres, 1,124,518 bushels of wheat were grown. There were also considerable quantities of barley, oats and rye produced. Tobacco culture is likewise a valuable agricultural interest. On 90 acres of land, in 1879, 52,452 pounds were produced. Grape culture is another important interest, but the statistics in regard to this, later than those given above, are not now before us.
Of live stock in St. Charles county, in 1880 there were 9,081 head of horses, mules, etc., 5,556 milk cows, besides 8,831 head of other cattle; and there were 6,045 sheep, and 39,661 head of hogs. Of wool there were sold 37,145 pounds ; and of butter there were pro- duced 207,941 pounds, besides 10,100 pounds of cheese. The above figures may be contrasted with the following, contained in a sketch of the agriculture of the county, published by Mr. Joseph H. Alex- ander, of St. Charles : -
I have made no little effort to obtain other statistics, showing the progress we have made in other particulars, but in that regard have been rather unfortunate. Either the statistics are not in existence, or, after diligent inquiry, I have not been able to reach them. I present, however, a few items, and some of my own calculations, based on them :-
In 1840 we had 3,509 horses and mules ; in 1850, 4,772.
And at the same rate of increase we should now have 7,645 horses and mules.
In 1840 we had 4,606 sheep; in 1850, 10,425; in 1865 we should have 26,780. In 1840 we had 19,324 hogs ; in 1850, 30,957 ; in 1865 we should have 64,390.
But I am afraid that an actual count would show that we have less of sheep and hogs than my calculations show we ought to have, and so of other things, some increasing in a more or less accelerating ratio, and some decreasing; there being an increase in cattle, wheat, corn, oats (largely in these ), wool, potatoes, wine, hay, etc., and a decrease in hemp, barley and tobacco ; but I am quite satisfied that in the last named article, notwithstanding the tables, there has been an increase.
TAX VALUATION.
From Mr. Alexander's report on the agriculture in the county, pre- pared in 1866, we learn that in 1809, when St. Charles district em -
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HISTORY OF ST. CHARLES COUNTY.
braced an indefinite district of country between the two rivers, extending as far as the population did, the valuation of taxable prop- erty was $23,895. In 1818, when the limits of the district were more circumscribed, but still extensive, the valuation of taxables (found by approximation and calculation ) was $87,419 ; in 1836 it was $727,573 ; in 1840, $1,290,786 ; in 1851, $1,508,796; in 1856, $2,998,800; in 1865, $8,156,040.
From 1809 to 1818 the valuation nearly quadrupled ; from 1818 to 1836, the increase was over 800 per cent; from 1836 to 1840, it was about 50 per cent ; from 1840 to 1855, it was nearly 50 per cent ; and in the last ten years, ending with the present year, it was about 265 per cent.
In the first 27 years the increase was uniform, being at the rate of something over 100 per cent per year; in the next 15 years it was again uniform, at about 50 per cent, and in the last 10 years it was about 261/2 per cent per annum. Although the rate per cent of increase has diminished, yet the actual increase has been large, having risen from $23,895, in 1809, to $8,156,040 in 1865.
In 1874, according to the official report in the county clerk's office, the assessed valuation of the county was $7,265,119 ; and in 1884, it is $7,616,859. It is given in the United States census report in 1880 at $7,033,593, of which $5,132,914 consisted of real estate, and the balance, $1,900,679, of personal property. The State tax was $28,- 135 ; the county tax, $35,168 ; and the city, school and other local taxes, $26,919 ; making a total of $90,222, or a sum considerably larger than the amount collected by the first sheriff, Mackey Wherry, in 1805, namely, $501.80.
POPULATION.
With the natural advantages St. Charles has for supporting an intel- ligent and thrifty population, it is known, as would naturally be expected, that the county has steadily increased the number of its inhabitants. Mr. Alexander has also given some figures in regard to this, which are here reproduced as he states them : -
The population of the county in 1830 was 4,320; in 1840 it was 7,911 ; in 1850 it was 11,454 ; in 1860 it was 14,313. Adding to the population of 1860 the same rate of increase as held good from 1850 to 1860 (and I am quite sure that this is not unreasonable, even taking into consideration any depletion which may have been caused by the war), the present number of inhabitants in the county is about 16,000.
The following are the figures from the tenth census report: In
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HISTORY OF ST. CHARLES COUNTY.
1810, the population was 3,505 ; in 1820, it was 3,970 ; in 1830, 4,320 ; in 1840, 7,911; in 1850, 11,454; in 1860, 16,523; in 1870, 21,304; in 1880, 23,065.
The population by townships is as follows: Callaway township, 1,830 ; Cuivre, 3,820 ; Dardenne, 4,050 ; Femme Osage, 2,401 ; Port- age des Sioux, 2,541 ; St. Charles, 8,417. The nativity of the people of the county is given as 16,113 born in Missouri ; 4,286 born in foreign countries, and the balance, numbering over 2,600, born in different States of the Union, principally Illinois, Virginia and Kentucky.
The population of the county in 1880 is further classified as fol- lows : Males, 12,100; females, 10,965 ; white persons, 20,652; col- ored, 2,411; native, 18,779 ; foreign, 4,286.
In population St. Charles county is the twentieth county in the State, and in valuation or wealth it is the fifth county, a remarkable and creditable showing for the intelligence and thrift of the people of this county, the productiveness of their lands and the success of their business and manufacturing enterprises. It is the sixteenth county in the amount of the State, county and local taxes it pays, and the first one among the counties whose populations are not larger than the population of this county, being taxed a less sum annually than any of her sister counties of this class.
7
PRINCIPAL COUNTY ROADS.
Boone's Lick Road -Commencing at St. Charles, running thence west 10 miles to Cottleville, crossing Dardenne creek ; thence to Dal- hoff post-office at 20 miles (crossing Howell's Ferry road running northwardly to Wentzville) ; thence to Pauldingville, at the western boundary line of the county. Whole distance 26 miles.
Salt River Road - Commencing on the Boone's Lick road, one mile west of St. Charles, running northwardly 41/2 miles to a point where the Mexico road branches off ; from thence 4 miles to St. Peters, crossing Dardenne creek, following the bluff 41/2 miles, and thence westwardly, crossing Perruque creek, to Wellsburg, at 16 miles from said creek; from thence to Flint Hill, at 24 miles ; thence north-west to Eagle fork of Cuivre river (county line), 4 miles. Whole distance 28 miles.
Mexico Road - Branches off from Salt River road 41/2 miles west of St. Charles, running west to Howell's Ferry road, 20 miles from St. Charles, crossing Dardenne and Perruque creeks.
Marthasville Road - Branches off from Boone's Lick road, & miles west of the city ; thence in a south-westerly direction, passes
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HISTORY OF ST. CHARLES COUNTY.
Weldon Spring at 14 miles ; thence to Hamburg at 18 miles ; thence crossing Femme Osage creek at 20 miles ; thence through Hancock's Bottom to Missouriton at 27 miles, and thence in a south-westerly direction to Augusta at 35 miles, and from thence to the county line. Whole distance about 40 miles.
Howell's Ferry Road - Commencing at Flint Hill ( 24 miles north- west from the city), connecting with Salt River road ; thence in a south-easterly direction at 2 miles, crossing Mexico road at 5 miles, crossing Perruque creek at 7 miles, Boone's Lick road at 9 miles, crossing Dardenne creek at 12 miles, crossing Marthasville road at 14 miles, to Missouri river at Howell's ferry.
The So-Called Ferry Road - Turns off from Marthasville road 17 miles south-west of St. Charles, running west, at 3 miles, through Mechanicsville, at 9 miles, through New Melle, and from thence north-westerly to the county line. Whole distance 13 miles.
St. Charles Road - From New Melle, a county road runs south- west, being called " St. Charles road," to Femme Osage post-office, 5 miles from New Melle ; thence south to Tueque Prairie road, 21/2 miles, crossing Femme Osage creek ; thence to Augusta on the Mis- souri river, 8 miles.
St. Charles and Alton Road - Commencing at the city of St. Charles, thence north-east to Boschertown, 21/2 miles; thence on and along the Marias Croche ; thence east through the bottom to Alton, 23 miles, to ferry on the Mississippi river, about 5 miles north-east from the city, a second road runs north north-east, passing on the north side of Marias Temps Clair lake; thence through the bottom, and afterwards along Mississippi slough to Alton ferry. Whole distance 22 miles. Another road leading to Alton, leaves the first described road 7 miles north of the city ; thence running ou north-west side of Marias Croche lake, thence through the bottom and along the western shore of Missouri river, at a distance of 18 miles, turning north to Alton ferry.
St. Charles and Portage Road - Commencing at St. Charles and Alton road, about 8 miles from St. Charles, on the bank of the Marias Temps Clair, thence north-east 4 miles to Portage, thence from Portage 4 miles to St. Charles and Alton road on and along Mississippi river.
The facilities for the transportation of produce to market are un- surpassed by any county in the State. There is a good market at St. Charles for most of the farm products - St. Louis, Alton, etc. There are the Missouri and Mississippi rivers hugging this territory
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HISTORY OF ST. CHARLES COUNTY.
more than half way around it, with 10 shipping points on the Missouri and 11 on the Mississippi, and the St. Louis, Kansas City and North- ern Railway through its center, and the Keokuk and North-western, together with the St. Louis, Hannibal and Keokuk, all bringing the markets from almost every point of the compass practically at our doors. Furthermore, a good macadamized wagon road leads to St. Louis, only 20 miles distant.
Among the proposed roads is the Missouri River Railroad with con- nections from Fort Scott, in the State of Kansas, via Sedalia, Boon- ville, and down the north side of the Missouri river, passing St. Charles and continuing eastward, crossing the Mississippi river at or above Alton ; thence connecting with the great eastern and north- ern lines of the road in the State of Illinois - making it an air-line road east and west.
Another railroad is confidently spoken of, and its projectors are now moving in it, commencing at Kansas City and crossing the Mis- souri river at Arrow Rock; thence to Columbia, Boone county, and down the north side of the river to St. Charles and St. Louis.
The St. Louis and Western Railroad Company have, quite recently, filed articles of association at Jefferson City, with a capital of $3,000,000, for the purpose of building a narrow-guage road from St. Louis, passing by St. Charles, to Brunswick and the western part of the State. This will be an air line road from St. Charles west.
Again, the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad Company, who have been operating their road in the interest of Chicago ever since its com- pletion, now begin to feel the importance of a close connection with the city of St. Louis and intermediate points, and are now asking the Legislature of Missouri to grant them the privilege of constructing a road from their eastern terminus toward Hannibal - perhaps from Monroe - by St. Charles to the city of St. Louis ; thus giving another great outlet from St. Charles, and making the necessity of another track between St. Peters and the cities of St. Louis and St. Charles more plainly apparent as each successive day comes and goes.
St. Louis, Jerseyville and Springfield (Illinois ) Railroad. - This road, of which the company is organized and surveys made, crosses the Mississippi river at Grafton, thence by St. Charles and onward to St. Louis, and its whole length traverses the finest agricultural regions of the West.
St. Louis and St. Charles Railroad. - The company is organized and surveys made via St. Charles to St. Peters, on the St. Louis, Kansas City and Northern Railroad. This roads will be necessitated
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HISTORY OF ST. CHARLES COUNTY.
by the great amount of railroad travel and traffic concentrating at St. Charles. The line is the shortest practicable route from St. Louis, and besides the great convenience it will afford the citizens along its line, it traverses a very fertile farming country.
We have said enough on these different subjects to satisfy the mind of any reasonable thinker that St. Charles is fast becoming a great central railroad point, to which the raw material may be brought from almost any particular locality in our State or country, manufactured, and shipped off to every point were trade exists.
It may be said, Why is this so? We will answer : Because St. Charles lies right in the line of our national highway of travel, and that the topographical conformation of our county places it there. The south side of the Missouri river is a broken, jagged, moun- tainous region, unfitted for cheap, direct lines of communication ; while north of the river, roads may be run through the country at will, without encountering any permanent impeding obstacle. For example St. Louis, Jefferson City and Kansas City all lie on the south side of the Missouri river, and yet, in stage-coach times, the great route between these points was through St. Charles and on the north side of the river. Again, in this our day of railroads, if we wish to make the quickest time, for passengers or freight, to Kansas City, Atchison, Leavenworth, St. Joseph or Omaha, the route lies through St. Charles, and at St. Louis we take the St. Louis, Kansas City and Northern Railroad.
In earlier times, 50 or 60 years ago, the United States engineers, in locating the great National Turnpike, understood this matter fully. From Maryland the route through the States pointed directly to the northern shores of the Missouri river, via St. Charles, to Jefferson City, its termination, as the cheapest and most direct route.
This county, although among the oldest settled counties in the State, still abounds in a great variety of game and fish, the large forests and prairies lying along the two great rivers and their numer- ous tributaries, affording shelter and cover for its game, and the rivers and tributaries, some of which are remarkably clear, with gravelly beds, affording spawning and breeding places for the innumerable schools of various fish which visit us on their annual migration from the Southern waters.
We have the usual varieties of game, quadrupeds and fur bearing animals found in the Central and Western States, such as deer, gray and fox squirrels and rabbits ; and of the fur bearing animals we have the otter, mink, raccoon, muskrat, opossum, and at rare intervals an
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HISTORY OF ST. CHARLES COUNTY.
occasional visit is paid by a passing family of beaver to their old haunts. Large numbers of raccoon, mink and muskrat, and some ot- ter, are caught every season along our streams for their peltry and fur. All the game animals mentioned are sufficiently abundant to. furnish excellent amusement to the lover of woodland sports, with the exception of the deer ; yet these may still be found in considerable numbers in the south-west part of the county, in the Femme Osage and Tueque creek hills, and in the adjacent hills of the Charrette,. along the borders of St. Charles and Warren counties.
But it is in the feathered game that St. Charles county equals, if it does not surpass, almost every other part of the great valley. Be- sides wild turkeys, pheasants, woodcock, prairie chicken or grouse and quail, which frequent its woods, prairies and grain fields in large numbers, we have, during the autumn and spring months, vast quan- tities of water fowl and game birds of passage. These, twice a year, pass up and down their great line of migration, which follows the course of the Mississippi leading north and south, on their way in leaving the lakes, rivers and plains of British America and the North,. in the fall for the warm bayous, streams and marshes of the Gulf States, and again in returning North in the spring. We are located directly under the great aerial highway of the wild fowl, and in both spring and autumn they stop in vast numbers on our lakes, rivers and prairies. The water fowls consist of geese, swans, brants and ducks, and the migrating game birds consist of snipe, woodcock, sora, plover and wild pigeons. Of wild geese we have two varieties, the large and small gray goose, and of the brant, which is of the goose species, we have three varieties. Swans for a short time in the fall are quite nu- merous on the lakes of the Mississippi bottom. We have nearly every variety of duck known on the North American waters. Of these the principal are the mallard, blue and green-winged teal, wood duck, canvass-back, widgeon, redhead, black-jack or butter duck, pin-tail, spoon-bill, shell-drake, crested fisher, and numerous other unnamed varieties. Of these, the first eight named are excellent for the table. The snipe is considered next to the quail and woodcock the greatest. delicacy of any of the feathered game. The plover, another of our migratory birds, consists of several varieties, some of which are the curlew, the kildee, the golden plover (an excellent bird ) and the com- mon gray plover.
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