USA > North Carolina > Durham County > Durham > Hill's Durham (Durham County, N.C.) city directory [1938] > Part 2
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View of Main Street, Looking East
During all this time there were no banks in the town, practically all the banking being transacted in Raleigh, and on days of big sales at the tobacco warehouses it was necessary to obtain cash from the merchants in order to pay the farmer for his product. Such inconveniences could not long continue, and soon two banks were established.
The next step in the industrial and commercial history of the town was the bringing in of additional railway lines. By the co-operation of. manufacturers. merchants, and the city and county governments, the Seaboard Air Line, the Southern Railway, and the Norfolk & Western. Railway were given access to this market. Later the Norfolk Southern Railroad and the Durham & Southern Railway were added to the rail- way lines serving the city, giving a total of five railway companies with seven lines radiating in every direction.
Durham had now grown into a very prosperous and thriving com- munity, but its citizenship was not satisfied with having purely a commer -:
15
INTRODUCTION
cial and industrial town. The people felt the need of better schools and, in 1885, after a heated political campaign, bonds were voted for public school buildings and a tax levied for maintaining a public school system. Today Durham has one of the finest public school plants of any city of its size, with physical property valued at more than $3,442,000, and with a personnel of teachers and management that gives it first rating among the cities of North Carolina.
In 1892 Trinity College, now Duke University, was brought to Durham through the philanthropy of Mr. Washington Duke and General Julian S. Carr. Today Duke University has a physical plant worth $20,000,000, 3,352 students, a 456-bed hospital, and ranks among the leading educational in- stitutions of the nation.
As the tobacco industry grew and prospered, certain persons used some of their dividends in establishing cotton mills, and this industry soon as- sumed a position of importance in the industrial life of the city. Later hosiery mills were established, until today Durham ranks as the first city of the South in the manufacture of full-fashioned silk hosiery. Other industries were added from time to time, including flour mills, fertilizer plants, iron works, woodworking plants, printing establishments. etc.,
Malbourne Hotel
until in 1937 there are engaged in industry 13,350 wage-earners, produc- ing $160,336,003 worth of manufactured products annually. These in- dustries pay into the Federal treasury approximately $70,000,000 each year. Durham today produces 24% of all the cigarettes made in the U. S.
In 1914 a program of civic improvement was undertaken, and although it was interrupted by the World War, it has now reached the point where Durham has all the conveniences of a modern city, including complete sewerage, asphalt streets, paved sidewalks, electric power gas, the latest dial telephone service, Western Union and Postal Telegraph service, American Telephone & Telegraph repeater station, insuring rapid long- distance telephone communication, a fine recreation program, and a system of water works with an impounding reservoir sufficient to care for the needs of a city of 100,000 people.
Any story about Durham would be incomplete without mention of the notable contribution which the Negro race has made to the industrial, commercial and civic development of the community. The progress the race has made here has been truly amazing. Under the leadership of E. R. Merrick, and later, C. C. Spaulding and their associates, Durham's colored people have established industries, insurance companies, banks and other commercial businesses which would be creditable to any city.
-
16
INTRODUCTION
Duke University Stadium, Seating Capacity 40,000
Part of the Main Quadrangle, Duke University, West Campus
17
INTRODUCTION
The labor which they furnished the city's industrial plants is intelligent and dependable. The high type of leaders among the colored people here has made Durham a conspicuous outpost in the advancement of Negro civilization.
One of the finest things about the founders of Durham is that material prosperity merely opened to them avenues of service to mankind. It has been said that more philanthropists have been produced in Durham than in any other city of the South. Watts Hospital, of 210 beds, was a gift to the city and county by Mr. George W. Watts, Lincoln Hospital, of 108 beds, is largely the gift of Mr. Benjamin N. Duke. Duke University is a living memorial to Mr. Washington Duke and his two sons, Benjamin N. Duke and James Buchanan Duke. Other philanthropists have remem- bered the city from time to time in ways that help in making Durham a good place in which to live and work.
Durham is today the third city in North Carolina in point of popula- tion, having approximately 67,000 inhabitants, and is second in industrial payrolls, and second in importance in the value of its manufactured prod- ucts. It is far in the lead in its educational facilities, having an unexcelled public school system and Duke University within its corporate limits, and having within a radius of a few miles the University of North Carolina, Wake Forest College, Meredith College, North Carolina State College, Peace Institute and St. Mary's.
The colored people have in Durham, in addition to excellent public schools for their race, the North Carolina College for Negroes, the only college of liberal arts for Negroes supported by taxation in the Southern states.
All these things have been accomplished by people not especially favored by nature, but who by their determination, unconquerable will, tireless effort, and by their faith in mankind and in this community, have created a city that proudly takes its position as one of the representative cities of the new South and of America.
BRIEF FACTS ABOUT DURHAM, ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED
Altitude: 406 feet above sea level.
Area: 12.8 square miles.
Automobiles:
Passenger cars in county January 1, 1933
9,175
Passenger cars in county January 1, 1934.
9,375
Passenger cars in county January 1, 1935 10,400
Passenger cars in county January 1, 1936 11,600
Passenger cars in county January 1, 1937 12,680
Trucks in county January 1, 1933 1,620
Trucks in county January 1, 1934.
1,730
Trucks in county January 1, 1935.
1,950
Trucks in county January 1, 1936
2,800
Trucks in county January 1, 1937
3,101
Banks:
1937 1933 (As of June 30) (As of June 30) (As of June 30) (As of June 30) (As of June 30)
Capital, surplus and
undivided profits .. $ 2,607,093.67
$ 3,032,183.70 18,864,061.75 22,553,354.47
$ 3,425,476.92 20,266,461.84 24,082,968.43
$ 3,408,357.60 23,982,123.18 27,501,740.89
$ 3,367,500.64 23,545,082.49 27,074,853.31
Industrial Banks:
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
(As of June 30) (As of June 30) (As of June 30) (As of June 30) (As of June 30)
undivided profits .. $ 368,559.25 $ 394,657.20 $ 416,596.06 1.154,825.30 1,403,201.52
$ 467,535.51 1,619,970.61
Joint Stock Land Bank:
1933
1934
1935
$ 443,581.68 1,587,080.33 1936
1937
Capital
$ 700,000.00 115,615.00
$ 700,000 00 115,615.00
$ 700,000.00 115,615.00
700,000.00 115,615.00
Undivided profits and reserves
162,526.10 314,244.59
Total resources
339,109.65 12,738,433.01
175,912.91 11,319,127.25
586,594.87 8,992,114.04
7,916,186.68
7,366,420.20
1934
1935
1936
Capital, surplus and
(As of June 30) (As of June 30) (As of July 31) (As of July 31) (As of Aug. 31) $ 700,000.00 115,615.00
Surplus
Deposits 16,003,758.22
Total resources 19,518,549.51
Total resources 1,051,472.94
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INTRODUCTION
Airplane View Showing East Campus, Duke University, and Part of City of Durham
224
*** *
* **
.80 01
Duke Hospital (For the Public) and Duke Medical School, Situated on the West Campus
19
INTRODUCTION
Building and Loan Associations:
Assets
Year
No.
1933
4
$1,956,611.07
1934
1
2,072,652.66
1935
4
2,543,752.12
1936
4
3,011,144.91
1937
4
3,740,339.32
Building
Permits:
385,985.00
1932
151
1933
200
812,523.00
1934
260
673,264.00
1935
404
1,123,655.50
1936
454
1,895,216.00
Churches: Eighty-seven churches, representing practically all denom- inations. Durham is noted for its many beautiful church edifices.
City Incorporated: The City of Durham was incorporated by act of the General Assembly, ratified April 10, 1869.
Civic Organizations: Rotary Club, Kiwanis Club, Lions Club, Monarch Club, Altrusa Club, Woman's Club, Business & Professional Women's Club, Durham Merchants' Association, and Durham Chamber of Commerce.
Climate: Equable. Annual mean summer temperature, 71.3; winter, 48.3. Sixty-two percent sunshine days. Annual rainfall, 47.19 inches. An- nual snowfall, 10 inches. Prevailing westerly winds.
Colleges:
Duke University Enrollment
1929
2,027
1933-34
3,008
1930
2,393
1934-35
3,215
1931-32
2,656
1935-36
3,345
1932-33
2,842
1936-37 3,352
University of North Carolina Enrollment
1929
2,854
1933-34
2,983
1930
3,016
1934-35
2,905
1931-32
2,820
1935-36
3,052
1932-33
2,820
1936-37 6,256
Both universities conduct summer schools, which are largely attended.
There is also located in Durham the North Carolina College for Negroes, the only college of liberal arts for colored people, supported by the State, in North Carolina. Enrollment for 1936-37, 362.
Convention Facilities: Hotel rooms with bath, 579; without bath, 221; total, 800. Maximum capacity of lodging accommodations, 1,374 persons; capacity in excess of ordinary requirements, 700 persons. Assembly halls, capacity, 800; ballroom capacity, 500; twelve committee rooms, auditorium, seating capacity, 1,750; Armory Auditorium, seating capacity, 2,500.
County: Durham County was created by act of the General Assembly in 1881 from parts of Orange and Wake Counties. While Durham is not a large county, it is the center of the famous bright-leaf tobacco belt. Between 30 and 35 million pounds of tobacco are sold each year on the Durham market. Tobacco is the principal money crop, although cotton, corn and truck are also important. Dairying has increased rapidly during the past few years. The county has good roads and splendid schools and churches.
Education: Durham is recognized as being one of the leading educa- tional centers of the South. Its colleges and university, its public school system, its schools of music and business schools are rated among the best in the South by leading educators. (See Colleges and Schools).
Fire Protection: Durham has a well-equipped fire department, with four stations and paid personnel, giving Durham first-class insurance rating.
Government: Durham has had the council-manager form of govern- ment since May 4, 1921. It is admitted to be one of the best governed cities in the state.
Health: Durham has a well-organized board of health, with 27 employ- ees, charged with the supversion of health conditions in the entire county. It has been remarkably successful in its work. The white resident death rate for 1936 was only 8.1 (colored resident, 17.5) to the 1,000. The death rate for both races was 11.2. The birth rate for white was 16.1; for col- ored, 19.1; total 16.7. Milk, meats, water, markets, dairies, hotels and eating places are carefully inspected.
Hospitals: Watts Hospital (public, white) is one of the finest hospi- tals in the South; value, $1,443,266.28; 230 beds; personnel of 92 physicians. 73 staff officers and internes, and 88 nurses; endowed by Mr. George W. Watts and partly supported by contributions from city and county. Lin- coln Hospital (public, colored) ; value, $250,000; 108 beds; personnel of all physicians in Durham who are in good standing, and 30 nurses; partly
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INTRODUCTION
Watts Hospital
supported by contributions from city and county. McPherson Hospital (private-eye, ear, nose and throat) ; value, $103,000; 26 beds and person- nel of 3 physicians, 4 nurses and 3 office girls. Duke Hospital, with 456 beds, representing an investment of more than $3,000,000, is said to be the best-equipped hospital in the world. It was opened on July 21, 1930. During 1932 the Duke Hospital Nurses' Home was completed at a cost of over $300,000.
Hotels: Durham is unusually well provided with hotel facilities. The Washington Duke is one of the finest hotels in the South, having been con- structed at a cost of more than $1,750,000. It has 300 bedrooms, all with bath. The Malbourne Hotel-200-room capacity-is a fireproof hotel and newly furnished throughout. Other hotels are the Lochmoor, Central, Piedmont, Bowen and Royall and the Biltmore and Jones Hotels for colored people. Hotel rates, $1.00 to $5.00 per day; European plan.
Industries: Durham is the second largest industrial center in North Carolina, its output of manufactured products being valued at $160,336,- 003 annually (U. S. Census of Manufactures, 1933). It has large tobacco
Durham Public Library
2.1
INTRODUCTION
industries, manufacturing such well-known brands as Duke's Mixture and Bull Durham smoking tobaccos, and a great many brands of cigar- ettes, including the famous Chesterfield and Lucky Strike, and fifteen brands of Turkish cigarettes. It is the home of the Durham Hosiery Mills (manufacturers of Durable Durham Hosiery), and the Golden Belt Mfg. Co. (manufacturers of small bags and hosiery). There are also manufactured in Durham, Erwin and White Star sheetings and pillow cases; Glasgow Zephyr ginghams, chambrays and cheviots; Virginia- Carolina fertilizers; Occoneechee, Peerless and Climax flours; blank books, castings and iron products, harness, bread, ice, mattresses, brick, building materials and proprietary medicines. Due to proximity to source of raw materials, cheap electric power and its transportation facilities, Durham offers unexcelled opportunities for the location of industries.
DURHAM
DURHAM LINKED WITH THE WORLD
EXPORTS IMPORTS
Durham Carries on a World-Wide Trade, with Imports from More Than Thirty Countries and Exports to More than Eighty Countries
Industrial Statistics-People Employed:
1929 1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
16,000 12,038
12,538
13,938
13,000
13,100
13,350
Value of Products: 1931
1932
1933
$138,000,000
$166,098,702
$160,336,003
(U. S. Census of Manufactures).
Location: Durham is situated in the geographical center of North Carolina, a few miles north of the center of population of the state. Its terrain is slightly rolling and is well drained.
Payrolls: The payrolls of Durham exceed $13,000,000 annually. Population:
City of Durham
County of Durham
1890
5,485
1890
18,041
1900
6,679
1900
26,233
1910
18,241
1910
35,276
1920
21,719
1920
42,219
1930
52,037
1930
67,196
1933
(Govt. estimate)
58,900
1937
1937 (local estimate)
67,000
(local estimate) 78,000
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INTRODUCTION
HO
Durham County Court House
LET
The Carolina Theatre
23
INTRODUCTION
Post-Office Receipts:
1929
$223,306.42
1933
$260,762.37
1930
231,034.71
1934
289,607.42
1931
232,173.64
1935
307,563.87
1932
245,041.88
1936
339,410.41
Public Utilities: Durham has public utilities furnishing bus service, gas, telephone and electric current service. These utilities compare fav- orably, both in cost of service and in efficiency, with those in other cities of similar size.
Public Services:
1932
1933
1935
1936
1937
Electric meters.
8,981
10,006
10,633
11,471
12,360
Telephones
5,100
5,622
6,150
6,519
7,200
Gas meters
2,775
2,850
2,901
2,795
2,795
Miles of paved streets.
75
75
78
79
79
Miles of sidewalks
64
64
64
64
64
Miles of water mains.
169.7
169.7
169.7
177.7
177.7
Miles of sewers.
301
301
302
303
311
No. of water meters.
9,600
9,900
9,900
10,224
11,828
Recreations: Community recreation, under supervision of the Play- ground and Recreation Commission, supported by public taxation. Sev- en public parks, containing swimming pools, tennis courts, etc., 12 city playgrounds, and several large playgrounds maintained by industrial plants for the use of employees. Two eighteen-hole golf courses; magnif- icent new country club; tennis and gun club; college football, baseball, basketball, track, boxing and wrestling. The schedules of Duke University
T
View of Hope Valley Country Club
and the University of North Carolina offer Durham citizens the oppor- tunity of seeing some of the best college teams of the East and South in action. Both these universities have magnificent stadiums, that of the University of North Carolina seating 24,000, while the stadium of Duke University has a seating capacity of 40,000.
Schools: The public school system of Durham is nationally known for its equipment, high scholastic standards and progressive policies. The Durham College of Commerce, Croft Secretarial School and Kennedy's Commercial School are fully accredited class "A" institutions.
City Schools Enrollment
1931
11,303
1932-33 11,612
1933-34 12,335
1934-35
12,570
1935-36
12,326
1936-37
12,254
Number of Schools: White, 13; colored, 7. Number of teachers, 358. Value of school plant, $3,442,000.
Social Agencies: Young Men's Christian Association, Young Women's Christian Association, Salvation Army, Red Cross, King's Daughters, Board of Charities and Public Welfare, Wright Refuge for Children, Charity League and Council of Social Agencies.
Streets: Durham is today one of the best paved cities in the state. The white-way lighting system in the business district is admitted to be one of the best in the South.
24
INTRODUCTION
Duke University Chapel Tower
Taxes and Valuation: In 1937 the city of Durham had an assessed valuation of $76,449,736, with a city tax rate of $1.64 on the $100. Property assessed on 75% of true value. The county of Durham had an assessed valuation of $107,217,129 and a county tax rate of 60 cents. Property assessed on 75% of true value. No property tax is levied by the State.
Theatres: Four motion picture theatres for white, and two for colored. Total seating capacity, 4,190.
Transportation: Durham has five lines of railroad, radiating in seven directions. It has two lines of Southern Railway, the Seaboard Air Line Railway, the Norfolk & Western Railway, the Durham & Southern Rail- way, and the Norfolk Southern Railroad. These railroads afford unusually good freight facilities. Durham is on the National Highway and the Cen- tral Highway, the principal routes between the North and South and between the East and West. Excellent bus service is maintained between Durham and Raleigh, Henderson, Oxford, Roxboro, Greensboro, Chapel Hill, Pittsboro, Siler City and Danville, Va.
Water: Durham has an ample supply of pure water. An impound- ing reservoir completed in 1926 stores 4,600,000,000 gallons, which, if used for no other purpose, would, at the present rate of consumption, supply the demand for a period of three years. There is no longer any danger of a water shortage. The water is excellent for domestic uses and is soft and free from iron, making it very desirable for industrial purposes.
Names Received Too Late For Regular Insertion
Baden Hubert A pntr D C May r RD 3
Blalock Ernest D clk Armour & Co RD 2
Booth A G pntr D C May
Caveness Wm H pntr D C May r RD 2
Davis Lester F emp D C May
Donnald Fred E (Hazel I) ship clk Armour & Co 202 Roxboro
Dossett R S pntr D C May 208 Macon
Dunn Robt G pntr D C May 110 Holloway
Ellington Jos P pntr D C May 308 W Chapel Hill
Fletcher John V pntr D C May 510 Rigsbee av
Gilmore Henry H pntr D C. May r RD 3
Hix W W office mgr D C May Cole rd
Holeman W H (Pearl) paper hngr D C May r Washington Duke Hotel Husketh Ann R Mrs smstrs D C May 2000 Southgate
King Fletcher pntr D C May 118 Briggs av
King Woodrow emp D C May
Mann Wm N (Flossie) driver Armour & Co Chapel Hill N C Marbutt Urben R sausage wkr Armour & Co 2191/2 W Trinity Matheson John L emp Armour & Co 310 Holloway
May Frank emp D C May
May Robt L pntr D C May r RD 6
May Wm C emp D C May r RD 6 Oakley Dolphus L pntr D C May r Morrisville N C
O'Neal John V driver D C May Rose ter
Ruble Wm C asst ship clk Armour & Co 310 Holloway Scott Clyde R pntr D C May r RD 2
Shepherd N C emp D C May
Small Odell Mrs smstrs D C May Fleetwood av
Smith Pery G pntr D C May r RD 6
Williams Lillie H Mrs smstrs D C May 1304 Liberty
The City Directory
is the most effective and most eco- nomical method of reaching all the people all the time. Those who buy without looking at the list of those who sell do themselves great injus- tice. The classified lists in the Busi- ness Directory form the best Buyers' Guide on earth. A modern, up-to- date method of getting what you want.
()
MORE GOODS ARE BOUGHT AND SOLD THROUGH THE CLASSIFIED BUSINESS LISTS OF THE DIRECTORY THAN ANY OTHER MEDIUM ON EARTH
28
ABBREVIATIONS
acct accountant drsmkr . . dressmaker
adv advertising
agt agent
al alley
Am American
appr apprentice
apts apartments
archt architect
asmblr assembler
employment agency
Assn Association eng engineer mn man sec secretary engr engraver asst assistant sergt sergeant mono monotype atndt attendant est attorney estate es east side msngr sIsmgr . salesmanager messenger ship atty shipping mstr mech master mechanic
auto automobile exch exchange
bet
bgemn
.. baggageman
bkbndr
..
bookbinder
bkpr bookkeeper
bldg
building
bldr
blk
block
blksmith .. blacksmith blrmkr .. boilermaker blvd boulevard
br
branch
brklyr bricklayer
brkmn brakeman
cabtmkr cabinetmaker capt captain gds
carp carpenter
cash
Ch Church gro
chauf chauffeur h
chf
civ
civil hd
clk
clerk
clnr
cleaner
hdw
hardware
plmbr
plumber
hlpr
helper
hngr hanger
comn
commission
hosp
hospital
pntr
comnr .commissioner
compt .. comptometer
cond conductor implts implements confr confectioner imptr importer
cons consulting
contr contractor
cor
corner
corres. . correspondent
ct
court
cutter
del delivery
dep deputy
dept department dicta dictaphone
dispr dispatcher
district
dist
div division
dlr dealer
dmnstr. . demonstrator do ditto or same
dom domestic
drftsmn draftsman
mech
mechanic
mechl mechanical
ret
retail
agri
agricultural
mfg .. manufacturing
electro . electrotyper mfr manufacturer
mgr manager
mkr maker
mkt
market
sav
savings
mldr
molder
sch
school
mlnr milliner se southeast
slsmn
salesman
slswn
saleswoman
smstrs
seamstress
soc
society
n or N North spl special
Natl
National
sq
square
SS.
.south side
near sta station
sta eng
stationary engineer sten . .. stenographer stereo . . stereotyper stmftr steamfitter str setter
pass passenger supt . . superintendent supvr supervisor . patent surg surgeon
genl general pharm pharmacist SW southwest swtchmn ... switchman tchr teacher
photog .. photographer
phys
physician
pkr
hand pkwy parkway
hdqrs headquarters pl place tmkpr timekeeper tmstr teamster tndr tender
plshr
polisher
plstr
plasterer
painter
postoffice
Hts Heights PS Public School twp township
pres
prin principal produce
ins
insurance
prof
professor
proprietor
prov
provisions
prsfdr
.. press feeder
prsmn
pressman
ptrnmkr patternmaker
pub
publishing
publr
publisher
purch purchasing r .. resides or rooms R C. . Roman Catholic whsemn warehouseman rd road wid widow : wkr worker wks works
RD .. Rural Delivery real est ... real estate rec receiving WS . West side
wtchmn drive mdse reprmn .. repairman merchandise watchman ydmn yardman dr
ydmstr . yardmaster
ABBREVIATIONS OF GIVEN NAMES
Abraham Abr
Alexander Alex
Alfred Alf
Archibald Arch
Edward Edw
Elizabeth Eliz
Eugene
Eug
Michael Michl
Thomas Thos
Benjamin 9-37
Benj
Catherine
Cath
George
Geo
Richard Richd
Robert Robt
James Jas
Joseph
Jos
Katherine Kath
Stephen
Steph
Arthur
Arth
Margaret Margt
Theodore . Theo August
Aug
Frederick
Fredk
Patrick
Patk
William Wm
USN
United States Navy
vet
veterinary
vulc
vulcanizer
w or
West
whol
wholesale
United States Army USMIC .. United States
Marine Corps
internal revenue
junior jr
jwlr jeweler
kpr keeper
lab laborer
1br
lumber
lieut
lieutenant
lino linotype litho lithographer Indrs laundress Indrymn. . laundryman ltd limited
mach machinist rep representative
restr restaurant
north side
fitter nw northwest
furn
furniture
furn rms
furnished rooms
furngs furnishings
gasftr
gasfitter
gdnr
gardener
pat
. goods pdlr peddler
forwn
builder
frt
freight
nr
ft
foot
ns
ftr
fnshr
finisher
formn
foreman
forewoman ne northeast
property owner opp opposite
opr
operator
osteo
osteopath
householder
pk
park
packer
ter
terrace
tel
telephone
teleg
telegraph
trans .. transportation trav traveling
treas
treasurer
president
undtkr
. undertaker
upol
upholsterer
US
United States
USA
prop
inspr
inspector
instr
instructor int rev
hsekpr . housekeeper PO
cashier govt government
grocer
chief hairdrsr . . hairdresser
employe
elev elevator embdr .. embroiderer emp
emp agcy
e or E East elec electrical Met Metropolitan mer merchant Rev Reverend Ry Railway
electn
electrician
RyMS
Railway Mail Service
s or
S
South
san
sanitary
Charles
Chas
Daniel
Danl
Samuel Saml
Solomon
Sol
ctr
collr collector
coml commercial
inc
incorporated
prod
fcty av avenue exp bdg boarding expmn between expressman express mtrmn .. motorman mus music mus tchr.music teacher factory mut mutual solr solicitor flgmn flagman
29
Durham Public Service Co. Ride the Buses
PHONE F-151
SAFETY FIRST, LAST, ALWAYS
HILL'S DURHAM CITY DIRECTORY 1938
Copyright, 1937, by Hill Directory Co., Inc.
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