USA > North Carolina > Historical sketches of North Carolina : from 1584 to 1851, Vol. I > Part 14
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STATE HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE was incorporated in 1849, and John M. Morehead, Calvin Graves, George W. Mordecai, Charles L. Hinton, and Josiah O. Watson, appointed commissioners to pur- chase and select a site for the same. The commissioners have selected "Dix's Hill," near Raleigh, and a tax of one and three- fourths of a cent is levied on every hundred dollars worth of land, and five and one-quarter of a cent on every poll, to sustain said Institute.
CHAPTER X.
Resources of the State, her liabilities, and her expenses.
THE PUBLIC TREASURY of North Carolina is divided into-
I. Public Fund.
II. Literary Fund.
The public fund is supplied-
I. From taxes collected by the sheriffs annually from the people, and paid into the treasury, which is levied on land and town property, poll (white and black), money at interest, dividends and profits, stores, carriages, watches, and other property, bank tax, attorneys, licenses, dividends of Buncombe Turnpike Company, and some other sources, which amounted last year to $179,768.
The literary fund is supplied-
II. By the sales of vacant and swamp lands in the State, taxes on taverns, dividends on stock held by the State in the Bank of the State and Bank of Cape Fear, dividends on the stock held by the
138
HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA.
State in the Roanoake Navigation Company, and in the Cape Fear Navigation Company, tax on auctioneers, interest on bonds held by the board ; which amounted last year to $112,316.
THE ANNUAL EXPENSES OF THE STATE.
From the public fund for judiciary about .
·
$30,000 00
Legislature 45,000 00
Executive
10,000 00
Principal and interest on bonds of Raleigh and Gaston Railroad endorsed by the State 70,000 00 And other demands which amounted last year (1850) to 228,173 00 The expenses paid from literary fund are, for common schools . 107,339 00
LIABILITIES OF THE STATE.
For Raleigh and Gaston Railroad
$500,000 00
For do do do 106,000 00
State Bonds ·
200,000 00
State Bonds for Fayetteville and Western Turn- pike Company 120,000 00
State Bonds for Neuse and Tar Rivers 65,000 00
State Bonds for Cape Fear and Deep Rivers 80,000 00
State Bonds for North Carolina Railroad
2,000,000 00
$3,071,000 00 Here end the Second Series of these Sketches, and the first volume.
END OF VOL. I.
p
counties spring.
the root fromwhence other
exist, but are laid down to show
Counties marked * do not now
MECKLEN. DEC. OP INDEP
ALAMANCE. 1771
BATTLE OF
PRINTING 1749
TO CROWN 1729
RETROCEDEDE
Nº & 6º 1697 3
DIVIDED INT
CHARLES 2º 1668
CHARTER OF
4"" JULY 1584
LANDING
CAROLINA
BATH
"WAKE
1754
-
LINCOLN
1779
CATAWBA
17294
GASTON, 1846
MPS
8081
838
1848
YADKIN 1850
BUNCOMBE 1191
MADISON
-NE
ANSON,
1749
1: 2
LADET
BURKE, 1777.
CALDWELL
DAVIE, 1836
1842
1789
ROBESON 1786
RICHMOND 1779
DAVIDSON 1822
STANLY 1841
P.s. Dsal lah. Phil.
by J.H.Wheeler. 1851.
Location, Origin, and Date of Erection of every County in North Carolina, for Sketches of Np/Ca
MAP
BBLE
ASHES
1792
WILKES, 1777-
1799
1789 ( STOKES .. SERRA
FORSYTHE
1842
HAYWOOD 1808
END
ALT CLEAVELAND 184LS
MOR SW
ON
INSWIC
RUTHERFORD, 1779
11
UNION
MECKLENBURG, 1762.
YANCX 1833
ROWAN, 1753
'HANOVER
MONTGOMERY, 1779.
IREDELL, 1788. ALEXANDER 1846->
** FRANKLIN 17
GREENE 1799
ROCKINGH
PASO
PERQUIMANS, 1725
WAYNE IM7
LENOIR 1791
EDG
OR
MBE-
GUILFORD 1770
CHATHAM 1770'
CHEROKEE
ALBEMARLE
41
GRANVILLE 1746
1729
JOHNSTON 1746.
ORANGE 1751 ;
1729
CRAVEN,
ALAMANCE, 1848:(
ES,1779
1270
R
BA.184
ET.
JOORE,
CUMBERLAND, 1
1842
* TRYON 1768
CLARENDON 1729
1729
DILL WASHINGTON 1759
ASH 17771)))
DOBBS 1758
09/1 ..
33
724
BEAUFORT
MACON 1828
MAY 1775.
CABARRUS
HALIT
HISTORICAL SKETCHES
OF
NORTH CAROLINA,
From 1584 to 1851.
COMPILED FROM ORIGINAL RECORDS, OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS, AND TRADITIONAL STATEMENTS.
WITH
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF HER DISTINGUISHED STATESMEN, JURISTS, LAWYERS, SOLDIERS, DIVINES, ETC.
BY JOHN H. WHEELER, LATE TREASURER OF THE STATE.
"Truth is stranger than Fiction."
·
ILLUSTRATED WITH ENGRAVINGS.
VOL. II.
PHILADELPHIA: LIPPINCOTT, GRAMBO AND CO. SUCCESSORS TO GRIGG, ELLIOT AND CO. 1851.
EXPLANATION OF THE MAP.
ON the dissolution of the Proprietary Government in 1729, the Province of North Carolina was divided into three Counties :-
1. ALBEMARLE.
2. BATH.
3. CLARENDON.
From these three branches spring all the Counties of the State. See Sketches, vol. i. 42.
All of these (Albemarle, Bath and Clarendon) exist only by name, the territory having been divided, and are only used, as are also Bute, Dobbs, Tryon and Glasgow (marked thus *) to show the branches from whence other counties have sprung.
To find a County, its formation and derivation, is not difficult. Wake, for instance, is a centre County, formed in 1770 from Cumberland, Orange and Johnston. Revised Statutes, vol. ii. 165.
Lincoln County, formed in 1779 from Tryon (see Revised Statutes), which in that year was divided into Lincoln and Rutherford ; Tryon erected in 1768 from Mecklenburg; Mecklenburg in 1762 from Anson ; Anson in 1749 from Bladen; Bladen in 1734 from New Hanover; New Hanover in 1729 from Clarendon. All of which is plainly visible in the delineation.
Guilford County was formed in 1770, from Orange and Rowan ; but as Orange was from a different stock than Rowan, it could not be delineated on the plan of the tree. This must be borne in mind.
The engraver has omitted in some of the engravings to letter the branch CASWELL, springing from Orange and Person, which springs from Caswell, which the reader will supply.
3
HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA.
AROLINA
CONSTI
TUTION
The above is the Coat of Arms of North Carolina, as exhibited on the Great Seal of State.
In December, 1776, William Hooper, Joseph Hewes, and Thomas Burke, were appointed to prepare "a suitable device for the Great Seal of the State of North Carolina."
It is emblematic, and represents LIBERTY and PLENTY.
Liberty holds in her left hand the Constitution, and in her right a staff surmounted by the cap of Liberty, indicating that her liberties are safe and secured by the Constitution.
Plenty holds in her right hand an ear of grain, and at her left the cornu- copia is seen, from which pour forth the rich fruits of the earth; both indi- cating that North Carolina is a land of liberty guided by law, and abundant in products to sustain life.
COUNTIES OF NORTH CAROLINA.
In 1728, the precincts of North Carolina were Currituck, Pasquotank, Per- quimans, Chowan, Craven, Beaufort, Bertie, Hyde, and Carteret .* In 1729, Tyrrel and New Hanover. In 1731, Onslow and Bladen. In 1738, the precincts were denominated counties.t 1
PAGE
PAGE
CHAPTER I. Alamance - 10
CHAP. XLII. Jackson 218
II. Alexander
20
XLIII. Johnston
219
III. Anson
21
XLIV. Jones -
221
IV. Ashe
26
XLV. Lenoir -
223
V. Beaufort
28
XLVI. Lincoln -
225
VI. Bertie
30
XLVII. MacDowell
249
VII. Bladen
35
XLVIII. Macon
250
VIII. Brunswick
45
XLIX. Madison
251
IX. Buncombe X. Burke
51
L. Martin -
251
XI. Cabarrus
63
LII. Montgomery -
270
XII. Caldwell
69
LIII. Moore
272
XIII. Camden
70
LIV. Nash
274
XIV. Carteret
72
LV. New Hanover
276
XV. Caswell
77
LVI. Northampton
295
XVI. Catawba
82
LVII. Onslow
298
XVII. Chatham
83
LVIII. Orange
300
XVIII. Cherokee
87
LIX. Pasquotank
339
XIX. Chowan
88
LX. Perquimans
341
XX. Cleaveland
97
LXI. Person -
343
XXI. Columbus
108
LXII. Pitt
345
XXII. Craven
109
LXIII. Randolph!
348
XXIII. Cumberland
124
LXIV. Richmond
350
XXIV. Currituck
132
LXV. Robeson
352
XXV. Davidson
136
LXVI. Rockingham
354
XXVI. Davie
137
LXVII. Rowan
356
XXVII. Duplin
138
LXVIII. Rutherford
399
XXVIII. Edgecombe
141
LXIX. Sampson
401
XXIX. Forsythe
147
LXX. Stanly
403
XXX. Franklin
149
LXXI. Stokes -
403
XXXI. Gaston
151
LXXII. Surry
408
XXXII. Gates
159
LXXIII. Tyrrell
411
XXXIII. Granville
161
LXXIV. Union
414
XXXIV. Greene
167
LXXV. Wake
414
XXXV. Guilford
169
LXXVI. Warren
423
XXXVI. Halifax
184
LXXVII. Washington
442
XXXVII. Haywood
204
LXXVIII. Watauga
444
XXXVIII. Henderson
207
LXXIX. Wayne
454
XXXVIX. Hertford
207
LXXX. Wilkes -
461
XL. Hyde
212
LXXXI. Yadkin 467
XLI. Iredell
214
LXXXII. Yancey
-
467
,
55
LI. Mecklenburg
254
1
* Williamson, vol. ii. page 246.
+ Martin, ii. 27.
-
SERIES III.
THE State of North Carolina is situated between 33º 53', and 36° 33" north latitude, and 1º 28' east, and 6° 50' west longitude. It is so called in honor of CHARLES II., who granted the charter to the Duke of Albemarle and others.
It is bounded on the north by the State of Virginia, east by the Atlantic, south by South. Carolina, and west by Tennessee. Its mean length is about 362 miles. Its mean breadth is 121 miles. Its area is 43,800 square miles, or 28,032,000 acres.
It was the first State in which the English landed (1584), and the first State whose citizens threw off the English yoke (1775).
Its shape is irregular. Its northern line (36º33') is straight from east to west. Its eastern boundary irregular by the indent- ures and curvatures of the Atlantic. Its southern line still more irregular, as is also its western line, by the course of the Blue Ridge.
· The State is divided into eighty-two counties, the names of which are exhibited in the following table, with the sections of the State in which they are situated, the date of their formation, the capital or county town, distance from Raleigh (the seat of govern- ment), and the population of each in federal numbers, according to the last census.
The population of the State is 553,290 white ; 27,196 free colored ; 288,412 slaves ; 753,505 federal population ; 841 Indians.
Its products, according to the census of 1840, are
1,960,855 bushels of wheat. 3,574
barley.
506,766 dollars annual amount of lumber sold.
3,193,941 213,971 66
oats. 73,350 barrels of fish.
23,893,763 66
rye. 593,451 barrels of tar, pitch, turpen- tine, and rosin. corn.
2,609,239 66 potatoes. 625,044 pounds of wool. 995,300 dollars invested in cotton tobacco. factories. 2,802 distilleries, which produce 2,820,388 rice. 1,051,979 gallons.
16,772,359
51,926,190 66 cotton. 10,000 dollars worth of lead.
17,163 66 sugar.
5,082,835 dollars invested in merchan-
255,618 66 gold. dise.
968 tons of iron.
6
HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA.
TABLE I.
Chapter.
Counties.
Names of Capital Towns.
Date of Forma- tion.
Course and Distance from Raleigh.
1850. Federal Population.
1
Alamance
Graham
1848
North-west
54
10,165
2
Alexander
Taylorsville
1846
North-west
150
5,602
3
Anson
Wadesboro'
1749
South-west
143
10,756
4
Ashe
Jefferson
1799
Extreme N.W. 202
8,539
5
Beaufort
Washington
1738
East
127
11,716
6
Bertie
Windsor
1722
East
157
9,973
7
Bladen
Elizabethtown
1734
South-east
99
8,023
8
Brunswick
Smithville
1764
South-east
173
5,951
9
Buncombe
Asheville
1791
West
256
12,738
10
Burke
Morganton
1777
West
197
6,919
11
Cabarrus
Concord
1792
South-west
139
8,673
12
Caldwell
Lenoir
1841
North-west
200
5,835
13
Camden
Court House
1777
North-east
219
5,174
14
Carteret
Beaufort
1729
South-east
168
6,208
15
Caswell
Yanceyville
1777
North
66
12,161
16
Catawba
Newton
1842
West
175
8,234
17
Chatham
Pittsboro'
1770
West
34
16,055
18
Cherokee
Murphy
1839
Extreme S.W. 367
6,703
19
Chowan
Edenton
1729
East
182
5,251
20
Cleaveland
Shelby
1841
South-west
190
9,697
21
Columbus
Whitesville
1808
South-east
125
5,307
22
Craven
Newbern
1729
East
120
12,328
23
Cumberland .
Fayetteville
1754
South
60
17,723
25
Davidson
Lexington
1822
West
117
14,123
26
Davie
Mocksville
1836
West
120
6,997
27
Duplin
Kenansville
1749
East
89
11,111
28
Edgecombe
Tarboro'
1733
East
76
13,770
29
Forsythe
Winston
1848
North-west
110
10,626
30
Franklin
Louisburg
1779
East
36
9,510
31
Gaston ·
Dallas
1846
West
175
7,228
32
Gates
Gatesville
1779
East
167
6,877
33
Granville
Oxford
1746
North
45
17,303
34
Greene
Snowhill
1799
East
89
5,321
35
Guilford
Greensboro'
1770
West
82
18,479
36
Halifax
Halifax
1758
East
87
13,007
37
Haywood
Waynesville
1808
West
294
6,906
38
Henderson
Hendersonville
1838
West
250
6,483
39
Hertford
Winton
1759
East
155
6,655
40
Hyde
Swan Quarter
1729
East
203
6,585
41
Iredell \
Statesville
1788
West
145
13,062
42
Jackson
1850
West
43
Johnston .
Smithfield
1746
South-east
27
11,860
44
Jones 1
Trenton
1779
East
129
3,935
45
Lenoir
Kingston
1791
East
80
6,181
46
Lincoln
Lincolnton
1779
West
172
6,924
47
MacDowell
Marion
1842
West
200
5,741
48
Macon
Franklin
1828
West
331
6,169
49
Madison
Marshall
1850
Extreme west
50
Martin
Williamston
1774
East
140
6,960
51 .
Mecklenburg. Charlotte
1762
South-west
158
11,724
24
Currituck
Court House
1729
Extreme N.E. 242
6,257
.
.
Miles
7
HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA.
TABLE I .- Continued.
Chapter.
Counties.
Names of Capital Towns.
Date of Forma- tion.
Course and Distance from Raleigh.
1850. Federal Population.
52
Montgomery
Troy
1779
South-west
115
6,162
53
Moore \
Carthage
1784
South-west
79
8,551
54
Nash ›
Nashville
1777
East
44
9,034
55
New Hanover \Wilmington
1728
South
148
14,235
56
Northampton ;
Jackson
1741
East
108
10,730
57
Onslow
Court House
1734
South-east
145
7,039
58
Orange ¥
Hillsboro'
1751
North-west
40
14,957
59
Pasquotank
Elizabeth City
1729
East
215
7,708
60
Perquimans
Hertford
1729
East
194
6,030
61
Person
Roxborough
1791
North
54
8,823
62
Pitt
Greenville
5
1760
East
102
10,743
63
Randolph
Ashboro'
1779
West
72
15,176
64
Richmond
Rockingham
1779
South
135
7,936
65
Robeson
Lumberton
1786
South
91
11,080
66
Rockingham .
Wentworth
1785
North
116
12,363
67
Rowan
Salisbury
1753
West
118
12,328
68
Rutherford
Rutherfordton
1779
West
216
12,388
69
Sampson
Clinton
1784
South
94
12,311
70
Stanly .
Albemarle
1841
West
110
6,347
71
Stokes
Crawford
1789
North-west
110
8,492
72
Surry .
Rockford
1770
North-west
145
17,643
73
Tyrrell
Columbia
1728
East
200
4,448
74
Union
Munro
1842
South-west
160
9,258
75
Wake \
Raleigh
1770
CENTRE
21,123
76
Warren
Warrenton
1779
North-east
62
10,365
77
Washington
Plymouth
1799
East
162
4,780
78
Watauga
Boon
1849
North-west
3,348
79
Wayne
borough
1777
West
172
11,642
81
Yadkin .
Wilson
1850
West
82
Yancey
Burnville
1833
North-west
245
8,086
Waynes-
1779
East
51
11,478
80
Wilkes 1
Wilkesborough
Miles
10
8
HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA.
TABLE II.
Showing the amount paid by each county in North Carolina into the trea- sury as taxes (1850). The amount received by each county from the. treasury for the support of common schools (distribution of 1850). The number of white persons over twenty-one who cannot read or write, in each county, the deaf and dumb, insane and idiotic, and blind ; (from the last Census.)
Taxes paid.
Annual amt's received for Common . Schools.
Whites over 21 who can- not read or write.
Deaf and
Dumb.
Insane and Idiotic.
Blind.
Dollars Dollars Dollars cts.
1. Alamance
.531
447
1426 00
Dollars See Orange See Iredell
338
3
13
4
2. Alexander
142
128
414 00
3
3. Anson
638
662
2699 00
2024
394
3
11
7
4. Ashe
289
208
824 00
1136
587
4
8
3
5. Beaufort
416
201
2606 00
1630
1317
2
14
6
6. Bertie
748
758
2926 00
1481
1032
8
9
3
7. Bladen
354
467
1225 00
1041
593
5
15
2
8. Brunswick
246
367
990 00
692
397
3
5
1
9. Buncombe
488
369
1426 00
1500
1533
14
24
10
10. Burke
181
286
1145 00
966
1091
2
19
3
11. Cabarrus
458
416
1910 00
1310
751
7
19
5
12. Caldwell
265
185
786 00
782
1129
4
10
5
13. Camden
312
247
1219 00
782
773
6
5
·
14. Carteret
134
214
838 00
944
729
6
18
10
15. Caswell
637
811
2721 00
1855
980
4
13
9
16. Catawba
442
290
1178 00
1591
363
8
18
7
17. Chatham
663
772
2404 00
2205
695
10
20
8
18. Cherokee
16
111
310 00
531
447
5
7
2
19. Chowan
412
381
2260 00
817
446 ·
5
5
6
20. Cleaveland
282
322
1075 00
1035
1115
28
39
11
21. Columbus
165
212
624 00
549
658
3
11
6
22. Craven
315
672
4480 00
1743
1355
8
22
10
23. Cumberland
620
846
4480 00
2050
1614
9
25
14
24. Currituck
303
292
898 00
916
901
6
12
2
25. Davidson
629
522
1954 00
2122
1412
5
31
7
26. Davie
306
307
1109 00
1065
859
3
8
27. Duplin
488
598
2038 00
1455
1123
5
13
7
28. Edgecombe
1062
1006
4778 00
1988
1923
12
10
6
29. Forsythe
386
287
1995 00
944
7
21
4
30. Franklin
464
591
2912 00
894
5
7
6
31. Gaston
366
291
1151 00
1354 Included in Lincoln
.6
7
3
1
32. Gates
314
431
1460 00
1010
942
4
8
3
33. Granville
819
1112
4300 00
2394
1962
15
20
5
34. Greene
326
365
1328 00
845
305
2
10
2
35. Guilford
805
626
3237 00
2829
1637
22
47
6
36. Halifax
885
920
3664 00
2046
269
1
4
1
37. Haywood
167
133
568 00
760
1162
1
10
4
38. Henderson
340
195
891 00
854
1
1
2
2
39. Hertford
352
410
1990 62
964
532
6
10
3
40. Hyde
352
304
1256 00
872
670
6
7
12
41. Iredell
507
513
1970 :00
2217
447
4
31
42. Jackson
Forme
d last
session
43. Johnson
459
553
1840 00
1437
1420
6
14
7
44. Jones
286
312
1115 00
597
282
3
5
3
45. Lenoir
351
453
1717 00
958
600
6
2
46. Lincoln
345
286
1404 00
1591 Includes
166
6
1
47. MacDowell
285
189
861 00
Gaston 730
684
3
5
3
Counties.
Land.
Poll.
Total.
1
390
5
9
9
HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA.
TABLE II .- Continued.
Taxes paid.
Annual amt's received for Common Schools.
Whites over 21 who can- not read or write.
Deaf and
Dumb.
Insane and Idiotic.
Blind.
48. Macon
145
141
508 00
Dollars. 739
965
1 1
5
4
49. Madison
Forme
d last session
50. Martin
341
384
1941 00
1017
163
5
3
51. Mecklenburg
570
656
3394 00
2458
117
8
18
5
52. Montgomery
214
219
769 00
793
536
5
28
2
53. Moore
239
333
950 00
1156
977
8
18
7
54. Nash
344
509
1808 00
1182
1357
4
14
2
55. New Hanover
507
836
5285 00
1681
473
7
14
6
56. Northampton
745
727
2582 00
1666
1390
3
18
7
57. Onslow
301
349
1206 00
1005
989
1
14
3
58. Orange
647
650
2647 00
3367
1176
7
17
9
59. Pasquotank
508
392
2185 00
1057
210
1
1
1
60. Perquimans
486
387 ;
1640 00
965
660
9
2
61. Person
393
539
1787 00
1259
610
3
12
4
62. Pitt
608
734
2763 00
1491
1160
3
5
2
63. Randolph
647
409
1866 00
2019
1929
5
26
7
64. Richmond
405
500
1675 00
1140
645
4
20
6
65. Robeson
394
505
1466 00
1440
639 .
3
15
3
66. Rockingham
539
640
2513 00
1815
1025
18
16
3
67. Rowan
513
546
2288 00
1681
1229
5
18
2
68. Rutherford
570
441
1841 00
1984
1324
9
25
6
69. Sampson
506
648.
1922 00
1623
1486
2
16
7
70. Stanly
187
. 227
700 00
736
964
5
11
71. Stokes
251
262
1040 00
2372
1674
10
7
9
72. Surry
557
393
1559 00
2244
3152
8
20
14
73. Tyrrell
191
187
568 00
641 :
594
3
1
1
74. Union
341
303
1170 00
Meck-
999
9
11
7
75. Wake
923
1092
5828 00
2798
2370
46
25
12
76. Warren
616
872
3500 00
1505
445
3
10
5
77. Washington
247
348
1344 00
601
201
1
4
1
78. Watauga
136
72
325 00
479
2
5
1
79. Wayne
705
582
2526 00
1472
1458
9
12
3
80. Wilkes
280
222
828 00
1723
983
13
17
6
81. Yadkin
Formed last session
82. Yancey
158
139
504 00
915
1003
12
13
7
Total
32,708 34,793
145,150 00
124,300
71,150
505
1080
376
Counties.
Land.
Poll.
Total.
Dollars
Dollars Dollars cts.
With
lenburg
.
10
HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA.
CHAPTER I.
ALAMANCE COUNTY.
Date of erection-Origin of its name, situation, and boundaries-County town -Colonial and Revolutionary history-History of the battle of Alamance, between Governor Tryon and the Regulators, June, 1771, in which the first blood of the colonists was spilled by the Royal Troops of England-Journal of Governor Tryon in the first expedition against the Regulators, 1768-List of his officers-Petition of John Low, James Hunter, Rednap Howell, and other Regulators, detailing the causes of the disaffection of the people, and oppressive conduct of Edmund Fanning and others-Governor Tryon's reply, dated June, 1768-Petition of Francis Dorset, William Paine, and others, to the Governor-Deposition of Ralph McNair, Oct. 9th, 1770, as to the outrages of the Regulators ; Herman Husbands and others, when they broke up the Court at Hillsboro'; run the Judge off; whipped John Williams and Edmund Fanning-Judge Henderson's statement-Deposition of Waightstill Avery, March 8th, 1771, who was taken at Yadkin Ferry, by the Regulators-Petition of Regulators, May 15th, 1771, on the field of battle -Governor Tryon's detailed report of the battle, May 18th, 1771-Same, re- porting his movements after the battle, report of killed, wounded, and mis- sing-Oath of Regulators-Governor Martin's report to Lord Dartmouth, of the oppressive conduct of the Sheriff's, Clerks, and other subordinate officers of Government (Nov., 1772) - Population of Alamance -Biographical Sketch of Hon. Thomas Ruffin, Chief Justice of Supreme Court of North Carolina.
ALAMANCE COUNTY was erected in 1848, out of Orange County. It is bounded on the north by Caswell, east by Orange, south by Chatham, and west by Guilford. It derives its name from Ala- mance Creek, famous in early history for a battle fought on its banks, between the Royal Governor of the colony, William Tryon, and the people under Herman Husbands, Rednap Howell, and others.
Its climate is salubrious and very uniform.
Its capital is GRAHAM, named in compliment to Hon. William A. Graham, the present Secretary of the Navy, for a sketch of whose birth, life, education, and public services, see Orange County, (Chapter LVIII.)
The town of Graham has a beautiful location. Its distance from Raleigh is fifty-nine miles. Its court-house and public buildings are in good taste and well adapted to the purposes for which they were erected.
It has several handsome dwellings, and a printing office. The Southern Democrat is here printed. Its editor, J. W. Lancaster, Esq., is a Member of the Bar, an educated and skillful writer.
Its colonial and revolutionary history is connected with that of
11
ALAMANCE COUNTY.
Orange County. The causes of the battle of the Regulators, and its disastrous termination, have been recorded. (See vol. i. p. 59.)
The conduct of the officers of the government, from the Governor down to the lowest bailiff, towards the people was oppressive, extor- tionary and unjust.
In 1768, Governor Tryon marched with a body of troops procured from Rowan and Mecklenburg into this county. I extract from his Journal, procured from State Paper Office, in London, by aid of Hon. George Bancroft, late our Envoy at that court, never before printed. e
Journal of Governor Tryon.
On the sixth of July 1768, in consequence of the troubles of the Regulators, Governor Tyron arrived at Hillsboro'.
On the 17th of August, the Governor left Hillsboro', and on the 18th, arrived at Salisbury.
On the 19th, at Major Fifer's, in Mecklenburg.
On the 20th, Saturday. Remained at Major Fifer's.
2Ist, Sunday. Heard Mr. Luther, a Dutch minister, preach.
22d, Monday. Left Major Fifer's and lay at Captain Polk's.
23d, Tuesday. Reviewed the Regiment-about nine hundred men.
24th. Governor left Captain Polk's, and took up his quarters at Major Fifer's.
25th. Governor returned to Salisbury ; COLONEL OSBORNE called on the Go- vernor to receive his orders for conducting the review.
26th, Friday. Eleven Companies marched, Governor ordered all the Cap- tains and field officers to repair to Mr. Montgomery's, where he communicated with them as to the transactions between him and the Regulators. Colonel Osborne spoke warmly in support of the government, and read a letter from four dissenting ministers (Hugh McCaddon, Henry Pattillo, James Creswell, and David Caldwell) to their brethren, wherein the conduct of the Regulators was touched upon, from Hawfields.
The Governor then marched into the field; the first company that joined was Captain Dobbin's ; all joined the Governor but Captain Knox and his com- pany.
27th, Saturday. Left Salisbury for Martin Fifer's.
30th, Tuesday. The Governor, accompanied by Colonel Palmer and Mr. Fifer, went to see where the Commissioners left off the line that they run in 1746, between his Majesty and Earl Granville. They found four trees stand- ing in a square marked with notches and blazes; on one of them, G. R. (George Rex, King George), about five or six hundred yards east of Cold Water Creek. On a large gum they found W. C. (William Churton, 1746), the name of the surveyor.
31st, Wednesday. Governor called on Captain Barringer, and in the evening went to Colonel Moses Alexander's, who agreed to furnish provisions and wagons for the Mecklenburg volunteers.ª
Sept. 4th, Sunday. Governor went to Salisbury.
12th, Monday. After reviewing the Mecklenburg battalion, left Salisbury with troops for Hillsboro' where he arrived on the twenty-first.
24th. Governor so ill that he gave the command to Lieutenant-General Rutherford.
Major-Generals app'd .- JOHN ASHE and THOMAS LLOYD.
Lieutenant-Generals .- JOHN RUTHERFORD, LEWIS HENRY DE ROSSET, JOHN SAMPSON, ROBERT PALMER, BENJAMIN HERON and SAMUEL STRUDWICK.
Majors of Brigade .- ABNER NASH and ROBERT HOWE.
Colonels .- ALEXANDER OSBORNE, EDMUND FANNING, ROBERT HARRIS, JAMES SAMPSON, SAMUEL SPENCER, JAMES MOORE and MAURICE MOORE.
Lieutenant-Colonels .- JOHN FROHOCK, MOSES ALEXANDER, ALEXANDER LIL- LINGTON, JOHN GRAY, SAMUEL BENTON and ROBERT SCHAW.
Majors .- WILLIAM BULLOCK, WALTER LINDSAY, THOMAS LLOYD, MARTIN FIFER and JOHN HINTON.
12
HISTORY OF NORTH CAROLINA.
On the 2d October, 1768, the troops returned to Salisbury, and GOVERNOR TRYON to Newbern. '
From STATE PAPER OFFICE, London. Am. and W. Ind., 198.
Petition from Regulators to Gov. Tryon and Council.
"May it please your Excellency, and your Honors :-
" At a Committee of the Regulators, held May 21, 1768, it was ordered to implore pardon for what was done amiss, and present a plain, simple narra-
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