History of Dodge and Washington Counties, Nebraska, and their people, Volume I, Part 43

Author: Buss, William Henry, 1852-; Osterman, Thomas T., 1876-
Publication date: 1921
Publisher: Chicago : American Historical Society
Number of Pages: 504


USA > Nebraska > Dodge County > History of Dodge and Washington Counties, Nebraska, and their people, Volume I > Part 43
USA > Nebraska > Washington County > History of Dodge and Washington Counties, Nebraska, and their people, Volume I > Part 43


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49


Abbott, Aubry E.


Abbott, Mons E.


Ackerman, Floyd


Alexander, Hyman E. Ames, Charles W.


Bates, William C. Beck, Wilhelm


Cannon, Cornelius Vanderbilt Capps, Stanley M.


Anderson, Alfred C. Anderson, Christian


Carmichael, Walter


Anderson, Dean D.


Carpenter, Evan Henry


Anderson, Gustav L.


Carpenter, Henry W.


Anderson, John E.


Carpenter, Eric G. Carter, Charles J. Christ, John E. Christensen, John


Christensen, Francis


Christensen, Harry


Christensen, Calvin C.


Christofferson, Fred Christofferson, Morse


Chubatai, Fred Clasen, Henry Clasen, Lewis Claycomb, James


Arp, Henry O. Aubury, Henry L. Auch, Gustav


Bandert, Edward W. Bradley, Raymond Banbarger, Charles A. Colden, Archie J.


Calger, Frank


Calger, Thomas L.


Collea, Angelo


Compton, Allen


Cornelius, Frederick


Autzer, Johannes Axtell, Leonard E. Bandor. Joseph Barr, Clarence Barry, John L.


Brennan, Fred T. Brinkman, John M.


Burt, Merle S.


Burgess, John A. Bustein, Louis L.


Caldwell, Earl C. Cameron, M. Leo Cameron, Whit


Berry, Charles L. Berry, Leslie T. Bergman, Bernard Bick, August Bilberdorf, Leonard Bierman, Otto C. H. Biffar, Lonnie Blackhall, Rowland Blackstone, Robert C. Blockenbeckler, Archie Blackenfeld (Corp.) Bollin, William Bowman, Fay Bowman, Virgil Clare Antrim, Wallace ElwoodBoss, Ralph


Anderson, William C. Anderson, Roy A. Anderson, Ruthven C. Anderson, Silas C. Anderson, Clayton Anderson, Everett E. Andrews, Charles W. Antrim, Archie Arthur Antrim, John Lewis


Barry, James F. Bartlett, William H. Barton, Arthur L.


384


DODGE AND WASHINGTON COUNTIES


Cornelius, James Cornelius, Nils


Gustason, Vetre Gutchow, Walter


Jensen, Leslie Jensen, Martinus


Jensen, Oscar H.


Cummings, James E. Crouse, Lorenzo


Dockson, Fred P. David, Mckinley (Deceased)


Dennis, Charles E.


Dennis, Ottis C.


Hall, Wilber D.


Debal, Anders C.


Halstead, Roy


John, Ralph C.


Denton, Frank R.


Hansen, Hans


Johnson, Albert


Dennison, Fred L.


Hansen, Edward B.


Detlef, Harry William


DeWitt, Walter G.


Hansen, Hans K.


Hansen, Herold


Johnson, Harvey B.


Dickmeyer, Frederick


Hansen, Rasmus P.


Johnson, Hugo


Dixon, Arthur E.


Hansen, Thorvald H.


Johnson, Martin Luther


Dixon, Gifford


Dixon, William B.


Dixon, Curtis L.


Hartung, Elmer G.


Jones, Richard W.


Dolan, Warren E.


Dolan, John J.


Hastings, Glenn A. Hawes, George F. Healey, Anthony F.


Kudsk, Ben Jens


Dunn, Willis G.


Hedelund, George T.


Kruse, Paul W.


Eakin, Samuel


Helmsing, Fred E.


Kruse, Victor


Edwards, Earl


Hemphill, William, Dr. Kruse, Louis


Eistrup, Peter T.


Henningsen, Herbert


Kruger, Eli F. Kroger, John


Erickson, Emil B.


Hindley, George D.


Krause, William


Farr, Howard E.


Hineline, Charles


Krause, Otto


Farnburg, Lewis C.


Hineline, Rupert


Krause, Earl G.


Frick, John W.


Hilgenkamp, William H.Kramer, Albert


Flake, Henry


Hoenemann, Will H.


Krollman, Gust


Fleege, George


Holeton, Ora V.


Krajicek, Berj


Frankson, Chris R.


Holtman, Adolph


Krajicek, Lewis


Frederickson, Hans E.


Hoover, John E.


Korshoj, Chris


Frederickson, Erick French, Earl D.


Hossman, Everett M.


(Deceased)


Fuhrhop, August G. Gaines, Clyde


Hull, Wyatt T,


Knott, Floyd H.


Gaylord, Fred H.


Hullinger, Christopher


Klindt, Henry


Geary, Robert A. Gibbs, John


Hundahl, Raymond A. Klenk, William G. (Deceased) Klahn, Ben


Ireland, Louis


King, Ralph J.


Kiefer, Alford


Kerr, Henry L. Kelly, Paul


Kelley, Harold M.


Kelley, Floyd M.


Jensen, Dewy M.


Keegan, Francis


Jensen, Elmer B.


Kassti, Raymond M.


Jensen, Fred H.


Jensen, Fred W.


Jensen, Jacob


Kahnk, John C. La Fronz, Julius (Deceased)


Jensen, Theodore Jessen, John P. Jessen, Thomas P.


Jessen, Herald Curtis


Jesperson, Otto


John, Arthur H.


John, Perry T.


Johnson, Carl (Deceased)


Johnson, Erwin T.


DeYapp, H.


Hansen, Erke C.


Hanthone, Verne Alvin Jones, Charles


Hammang, Leonard E. Jones, Raymond B.


Jorgenson, Thorvold


Kuhre, Julius


Dowden, Ray L.


Elliott, Walter


Henricksen, Jens


Horn, Robert T.


Krudsen, Carl


Hulbert, Harold WallaceKrud, Krudsen


Jackson, Thomas R. Jacobs, Raymond N. Jansen, Ole R.


Jansen, Anton H. Jansen, Carl G.


Giesselman, Henry A. Gilbert, John T. Gilfry, Harold R. Goll, Walter R. Goreham, Charles R. Greumke, Frederick Greumke, George H. Greumke, John G. Greenle, Albert D.


Griffin, Norris Gustason, Arthur D.


Hain, Stanley Elwood (Deceased) Hall, Bernard Richard (Deceased) Hall, Lawrence


Craig, Elmer Sheridan Gustin, Orin B.


Hain, Howard Earl


DODGE AND WASHINGTON COUNTIES


385


Loakes, Ernest Lake, Albert Lamb, George Lang, Leo M.


Milikan, Earl S. Misfeldt, Charles Missina, G.


Petersen, Emanuel Petersen, Peter (Deceased) Petersen, Soren


Peterson, Ernest C.


Larsen, Lawrence C.


Peterson, Alfred E.


Laursen, James


Morse, George


Peterson, Leonard


Leorned, Sylvester Lewis, George Liesemeyer, Louis


Muller, F.


Peterson, Harold Olaf


Peterson, Henry


Lothrop, C. C.


Munson, Elmer C. Murphy, Stephen M.


Peterson, Lawrence


Lothrop, Grant


Nelson,, Andrew


Pfeffer, Chester


Lothrop, Norman K.


Nelson, Andrew


Pickell, George


Lottman, Charlie


Nelson, Arthur


Pierson, Otis E.


Lottman, Paul


Nelson, Carl


Pilpik, Joseph


Ludwig, Glen


Nelson, George


Plugg, Henry


Ludwig, Henry


Nelson, Hans K.


Pohlman, Albert


Ludwig, Otto


Nelson, Henning F.


Prochnow, Albert J. F.


Ludwig, Raymond


Nelson, Martin L.


Pruner, Gifford


Luebker, Fred


Newcomb, Floyd Neumann, Herman Nicoline, Louis


Rabes, Jens


Lundt, Albert J.


Niederdippe, Ezra Noeberg, John


Rask, Ernest Rasmussen, Carl


Madsen, Albert


Nielsen, Anton


Rasmussen, Esk.


Madsen, Harry


Nielsen, Chris E.


Rasmussen, Howard L.


Madsen, M. P.


Nielsen, Juul C.


Rasmussen, James


Madsen, Maurice


Nielsen, Laurite


Rasmussen, Lars


Magnusson, Rudolph Maher, Roland


Nielson, Otto Nonnamaker, Edward


Rathman, J. Reeh, Lyle R.


Marshall, Victor


Northway, Edward


Reeres, Opal


Mathews, Wilber A.


Noyes, Lisle G.


Reid, Earl C.


Maynard, Benj. McBride, Lyle E.


Nyegaard, Kay K. H. Oberg, Amel


Rhea, Don L. Richter, Harry


McCourtie, Glenn E. McCune, Samuel W.


Ogorodwick, Julius Ohrt, William H.


Rix, Howard John


McDonald, Robert


Oleson, Arthur


Rix, Ernest


McFarland, Herman


Oleson, George A.


Roberts, Lawrence


McKercher, Louis


Oleson, Jacob Neils Osborn, Charlie


Rodgers, Thomas


Meador, Aaron Meador, Wm. Howard Osborne, Thomas J.


Rodman, Roland


Miesner, Richard C.


Ottomoeller, Henry Parrish, Lynn


Rosenbalm, Hayes Rosenkilde, George


Menking, Roy E.


Paulsen, Hans Paulsen, John


Ross, George


Metzler, Clyde Waldo Michaels, Walter Millner, Louis C. Miller, A. H.


Pearson, Oscar


Rurup, Henry C.


Peebles, Leland T.


Russ, Carl L. Salsberry, William


Miller, George C.


Peters, Charles


Scheffler, Orval


Miller, Harvey E.


Miller, Robert E.


Petersen, Amandus Petersen, Christ J.


Schmidt, Carl John


Schmidt, Ernest


Rask, Anton (Deceased)


Lund, Henry


Lund, Leonard


Nielsen, Andrew


Pruner, Orin


Lueninghoener, Arthur


Rabes, Chris (Deceased)


Lundt, Gustav


Malmberg, Fred P.


Nonnamaker, Zeno


Novak, Walter J.


Reid, Raymond


Rennard, Ed. John


McComb, Percy D.


Offen, Lisle Roffe


Riessem, Edward


McDonald, Glen


Robinson, Raymond H.


Rosenbalm, Floyd


Menking, Lawrence


Peters, Carl


Monson, Carl A.


Lang, Roy M. D.


Morley, N. G. (Deceased) Mortensen, Robert D.


Peterson, Ledie Ed.


Rasmussen, Sofus


386


DODGE AND WASHINGTON COUNTIES


Schmidt, Henry


Steppat, Eddie


Vybral, Frank


Schmidt, William


Stewart, Donald


Wahlgren, Howard


Schroeder, Carl


Stewart, Guy


Waldenstrom, Carl H.


Searing, Voorhees P.


Stewart, Theo M.


Walkenhorst, August


Shinkle, Cleo


Stork, Frederick


Ward, Leland Earl


Shoemaker, Albert Short, Grove J.


Stork, Martin W. Stricklett, Cecil Victor


Waterman, August A.


Silvey, William C.


Stricklett, Gail


Waulborn, Henry Webb, Fred


Simpson, Arthur


Stricklett, J. M.


Weber, Harold De


Simpson, George


Strode, Jacob C.


Weber, Leo


Skinner, John


Struve, Herman


Wehmeyer, Walter


Skow, Walter (Deceased)


Sydod, Alfred George C.West, Ben


Smith, Grover I.


Sylvis, James


West, Elmon Dayton


Smith, Clifford P.


Taylor, Carleton S. West, Everett


Smith, Phillip Clifford Theede, William F.


Westerman, Edward


Smith, Henry Frederick Thielfoldt, John


White, David


Snowden, George W.


Thies, Sigmond


Whitford, Murray


Sproker, Ernest


Thompson, Neale


Wilcox, Marshall Ray


Sproker, Fred Henry


Thompson, Robert


Wilkinson, Clyde


Sorenson, Martin C.


Thornbert, Earl


Williams, John


Sorenson, Chris


Timpe, Karl


Wolf, Berry


Stapers, Fred


Truhlsen, Henry Wolff, Frank


Stofford, James


Utterback, John MillardWolff, Louis


Stalcup, Chester A.


Utterback, Elmer Floyd Wolsman, Detlef


Stangle, George


Vaughn, Burl B. Woodward, Lyman


Vail, Sydney Albert, Jr.


States, C.


Vesper, David


Wright, Howard


Steel, James


Vifguair, H.


Wright, William


Steel, Robert


Vig, Bennett


Wulbern, Henry E.


Stender, Emil


Von Knuth, C. H.


Zimmerman, Fred


Steensen, Anders


FINANCIAL SUPPORT


Besides sending to the front, and overseas, the full quota of men called for in the several drafts, Washington County also opened up her treasury and responded liberally in the several "drives" made to sell United States war bonds and stamps; also in the work of the Red Cross. The total amount of government war bonds sold in this country, as shown by rec- ords kept in the banks, was $1,961,300.


The Red Cross funds raised in the county were far in excess of the quota demanded of the people of the county, and the several thousand dollars on hand today is being used in the various noble charities of the Red Cross Society in Nebraska. Let it be said that both men and women throughout Washington County did their "bit" as was asked by President Wilson himself early in the war when urging people to give liberally.


CIVIL WAR MONUMENT


At the northwest corner of the public or Courthouse Square, in Blair, stands a fine granite shaft at the intersection of the two streets. It was erected to the memory of the Civil war soldiers who lie buried in Wash- ington County soil. Its north face bears the inscription : "1861-1865-To


Stanley, Walter


Soverkrubbe, Albert Wentworth, Forest


387


DODGE AND WASHINGTON COUNTIES


the Memory of the Union Soldiers Buried in Washington County, 1 Nebraska. 1898."


The heavy and numerous granite bases and shafts are surmounted by a life-sized statue of an infantryman soldier holding his musket. The monument was erected by subscription among the citizens of the county and city, while the statue just mentioned above was purchased of the rail- road company in Omaha for the freight charges held against it, the bill being only $60. The total cost of the monument was $1,160. It is now enclosed by a neat iron fence, built in a substantial manner.


CONCERNING FORTS CALHOUN AND ATKINSON


[The following are notes furnished by W. H. Woods, of Fort Calhoun, in the month of September, 1920, especially for use in the volume now in your hands. These statements may be safely relied upon, as he has made the subject a special study many years and has a larger number of valuable and interesting documents and relics from the foundations of the old fort and surrounding buildings, perhaps, than any other living man. His narrative is as follows :}


There were perhaps forty cellars and foundations visible at the old fort before the lands were plowed up into fields and wagon roads made. There was a fur-trading station here and it was guarded by a dozen or more soldiers, a thing that we never quite understood why the Govern- ment would protect private interests in that expensive manner. When we commenced investigating the subject of this fort, we asked the Government authorities about this feature and were simply told that the fort was established in 1820 and abandoned in 1826. We attempted to get a history of this fort to please Governor Furnas, and make a school history of it. A few years later the State Historical Society found a lot of papers in the hands of the grandson of Colonel Atkinson, and at great expense and much time, the click of typewriters was heard for more than ten days in compiling from such papers and other sources the story of the fort. The writer had much to do in assisting in this work. Only a few years ago the grandson of Colonel Atkinson and one of his sons from Fort Crook were here. The Government sent him and another son from New York to our 1919 centennial celebration at Fort Calhoun. Fine portraits of the various members of the Atkinson family were donated to us here and suitably framed. These were given to the public schools. It has been definitely learned that Atkinson and sons came here in 1819 and left in 1827. The Government has changed their dates to correspond to these dates.


The powder house of this fort Lieutenant Dudley saw in 1854-a building eight by ten feet of limestone walls two feet thick. This the pioneers later burned into lime and we found the big padlock belonging to the building, in August, 1920. The flagstaff, a number of my neigh- bors told me, was for several years standing, but only a few feet high. It stood in front of the powder house, but was later destroyed entirely.


Jacob Miller, a Mexican soldier, told me most of the stone hearths were also collected for lime, or taken away for various uses, and that he himself took the brick from over twenty cellars and sold them to farmers and others. Probably twenty cellars and foundations can still be found in this September (1920), also hundreds of buttons and gun flints are still to be found. September 23, 1920, a man found a brass gun trigger. Cupboard latches, wagon irons, wrought hand-forged nails are to be picked up now by the dozens, after many hundreds have been taken away


388


DODGE AND WASHINGTON COUNTIES


from the foundations. In the '50s it was learned that the officers were buried on the hill west of town. The owner of the land then wanted to plow and came to me and together we dug up the remains of two that slept in my corncrib for over a year till the Government sent me an officer from St. Louis, when we removed three more from the grounds and shipped all to Fort McPherson to the State Military Cemetery.


Only a few years ago more bodies were discovered in our very streets, and they were buried in the city cemetery and the government sent me a fine tombstone for them, bearing the inscription "Unknown American Soldiers."


They made 90,000 brick the first year the fort was established; these were produced about a half mile west of the fort.


On October 23, 1822, two men on horseback met a steamboat and started for a trip of 780 miles to St. Louis for Peruvian bark (quinine) for 720 sick men in camp at Fort Calhoun.


In March, 1823, men were ordered to build the Council House, half a mile west of the fort, on the hill. This was a large two-story log cabin with a shingled roof, plank floors and brick chimney.


No large bodies of Indians could come near the fort proper.


In September, 1822, they reported four hewed log buildings, shingle roof and brick chimneys in all making eighty-eight rooms. The officers were to have windows nine feet long.


In October, 1823, a new term of school was commenced. January, 1822, they sent for blank music books. They sent $500 to Philadelphia for books to come via New Orleans.


Lime was made and stone quarried at Long's camp, at old Fort Lesa, now known as Rockport, four miles down the Missouri River.


The courtmartials and punishments were something wonderful.


Lewis and Clark camped in 1804 one mile north of the fort. The duel grounds were a half mile south of that famous camp of Lewis and Clark.


CHAPTER XV MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS


POPULATION OF WASHINGTON COUNTY-HARD WINTER OF 1856-57- ORIGINAL VILLAGE PLATS-MARKETS AT VARIOUS TIMES-DAYS OF MOURNING-GARFIELD, GRANT AND MCKINLEY.


POPULATION OF WASHINGTON COUNTY


At various periods the population in Washington County has been as follows : In 1855 it had a total population of 207; in 1860 it had reached 1,249; in 1870 it was 4,452; in 1880 it was 8,631. The last three United States census returns gave Washington County the subjoined figures, by townships and villages :


1890


1900


1910


Arlington Township


1,167


1,378


1,380


Blair Township


1,443


1,011


645


Cuming City Township


665


638


613


De Soto Township


277


370


313


Fontanelle Township


803


759


766


Fort Calhoun Township


1,187


1,495


1,447


Grant Township


926


866


775


Herman Township


827


996


978


Lincoln Township


856


850


791


Richland Township


1,000


1,179


1,292


Sheridan Township


649


575


546


Blair City


.2,069


2,970


2,584


Arlington Village


412


579


645


Fort Calhoun Village


346


324


Herman Village


319


321


345


Kennard Village


275


319


Totals


11,869


13,086


12,788


The returns for the 1920 United States census are not yet made public by townships and precincts, hence cannot be given in this connection.


ORIGINAL VILLAGE PLATS


Since the organization of Washington County the following original village plattings have been executed, a number of which have long since been defunct:


DE SOTO, platted in section 27, township 18, range 12, by an act of the Legislature, March, 1855, having been surveyed out the autumn before by Dr. John Glover, Gen. J. B. Robinson, Potter C. Sullivan, E. P. Stout, William Clancy.


FORT CALHOUN was platted in sections 11 and 12, township 12, range 17. See its village history elsewhere.


COFFMAN, platted in section 31, township 17, range 13; it is a siding on the "Omaha " railway line, but not a place of importance.


WASHINGTON, platted in section 32, township 17, range 11, and is now an enterprising town and important station on the Northwestern Railway.


389


-


390


DODGE AND WASHINGTON COUNTIES


KENNARD, platted in section 5, township 17, range 11, is an excellent town today.


BLAIR, platted in sections 11 and 12, in township 18, range 11. It was platted by the officers of the Northwestern Railway Company (old F. E. & M. V.).


TYSON, platted in section 15, township 19, range 11; it is simply a railway siding.


HERMAN, platted in section 30, township 20, range 11, and was the result of the construction of the railway.


DALE, platted in section 26, township 17, range 10. Today there is a siding and a grain elevator at this point.


BOWEN, platted in section 14, in township 17, range 10.


VACOMA was platted in section 7, township 19, range 10. A county store is now located at that point today.


FLETCHER, platted in section 32, township 20, range 10. This also has a general store at this time.


TALBASTA, platted in sections 26 and 27, in township 19, range 9, It is a small hamlet with a store.


FONTANELLE, platted in sections 8, 9 and 17, by the old Quincy Company, is situated in township 18, range 9. It now has a postoffice and store.


ADMAH, platted in section 34, township 20, range 9.


ARLINGTON, platted as Bell Creek, in section 12, township 17, range 9.


ORUM, platted in section 10, township 18, range 10.


CUMING CITY, platted in sections 34 and 35, township 19, range 11. A large part of this village plat has been vacated.


HUDSON was another early platting, in the extreme northeastern part of this county. It was one of the early paper towns and had much pioneer notoriety. It was heavily advertised in the East, and many lots sold at good prices. Even to this day, it is related, there are now and then inquiries from the far East about the town which has long since been in the midst of excellent farms. No trace of a village is to be seen-corn and wheat fields are there to be seen today.


The location of this much-talked-of "Town" was in the north half of sections 26 and 27, township 20, range 11, now within Herman Civil Township. It was platted and offered for sale by one William E. Walker, a schemer of the Eastern States.


MARKETS AT VARIOUS TIMES


The following will show the reader of history the prices that prevailed in this county at various dates, beginning when they were about at the lowest ebb since the settlement of the county-in 1889:


Blair Quotations: Wheat-No. 2, 55c; No. 3, 55c ; corn, 20c ; barley, 35c; oats, 15c; rye, 30c.


Butter, 15c to 20c ; eggs, 15c; new potatoes, 20c; onions, 25c; hogs, $3.40 to $3.55 per cwt., live weight ; steers, $2.50 to $3.50; cows, $1.50 to $2.00; chickens, per dozen, $1.50 to $2.00.


It should be stated that merchandise purchased at the stores at the date above given was as low in proportion-calico, 5c to 7c; grain sacks, 25c each ; good factory cloth, 9c per yard. Sugar was retailing at twenty pounds for the dollar. Farm machinery was never sold at a lower rate than between 1888 and 1893.


391


DODGE AND WASHINGTON COUNTIES


PRESENT (1920) PRICES


Eggs, 40c ; butter, 60c to 70c; hogs, $14 to $15; cattle, $14 to $15.60; wheat, $2.51 to $2.54; corn, $1.56 to $1.59; oats, 71c to 76c; potatoes, $3.00 per bushel; beans, $7.00; chickens, per pound, 30c; sugar, 29c; coffee, 50c to 66c ; grain sacks, 90c; calico, 35c ; factory cloth (good), 38c. Farm machinery was never higher in price than at this date. The same is true of shoes and clothing, fully three times as high as in 1889. But on the other hand, in 1889 land in this county was not over $100 an acre but today it sells from that figure up to $300 and even $400 per acre, when it will be parted with at all.


HARD WINTER OF 1856-57


A local writer thus describes that never-to-be-forgotten winter :


"The winter of 1856-57 found the settlers of Washington County little prepared for its hardships. The winters of 1855 and 1856 had been remarkably pleasant and mild and it was supposed by the few white residents of the county at that time that that was a fair sample of the Nebraska winters. The houses were generally of a temporary character, many of them having been built the summer before of new cottonwood lumber, which material makes beautiful "open work" after a few days' exposure to the sun, rendering the building cool and airy for summer use, but not so pleasant for winter. Little or no shelter had been prepared for stock and as there was a dearth of feed cattle were allowed to wander here and there through the small patches of breaking finding an occasional stalk of sod corn with which to astonish their stomachs. No one was provided with wood for more than a few days' use. Provisions were very scarce and money scarcer. Such was the condition of things when the sun went down on the evening of the thirtieth of November, 1856. A light snow was falling and had been for an hour, but the air was mild and pleasant with a light wind. During the night the wind increased to a terrific gale ; the weather grew intensely cold and the air was filled with a driving snow which was forced into the houses through a thousand and one crevices, covering beds, chairs, tables, stoves, etc., with a cold mantle of white. The day dragged by with the wind surging and roaring and the air so thick with cutting, blinding snow that one could not see a house five feet distant ; thus rendering it impossible for the stock to be fed, as a man could not find his way back to the house after leaving it. Several made the attempt and perished in consequence, their bones being found when the snow melted the next spring, in some instances within short distances of their homes. Night settled upon the country cold and dreary and another day of suffering dawned and passed without the least prospect of relief.


A second night and third day passed by during which the wind seemed to have lost none of its fury while the snow seemed to come from some inexhaustible source, whirling, eddying and driving; piling and drifting in the houses to a depth of two or three feet. As the evening of the third day came on the anxious settlers were rejoiced to find that the storm was gradually losing its force. Another miserable night passed and the fourth day dawned. The wind had gone down and the sun rose bright and clear upon a brilliant, glistening, dazzling sea of snow stretched away as far as the vision extended, covering the ground to a depth of three or four feet on the level, while in the ravines it was drifted in places to the depth of twenty feet. Snow was found as late as June 1st


392


DODGE AND WASHINGTON COUNTIES


the next spring. The storm having subsided the settlers turned out to care for their stock. In many places stables were built down in the ravines and were so completely covered with snow that some time elapsed before they could be found and the horses they sheltered-and very effectually, too-dug out. Great difficulty was also experienced in gath- ering together the roaming cattle, and many perished in the storm."


DAYS OF MOURNING


Every county has its seasons of deep mourning over the death of some honored citizen, or for some state and national character claimed by death in some exceptional manner, as was the cases when Presidents Garfield, Grant and Mckinley passed from earth's shining circles ; two by the hand of an assassin and the other by a dreaded, incurable disease.


Some interest always clusters around the ceremonies of memorial services held for the nation's departed, and the facts as chronicled at the date should be preserved that our children and children's children may know of these days of sorrow upon the part of a civilized, Christianized people.


ON THE DEATH OF PRESIDENT GARFIELD


Tuesday following the receipt of the sad news of the death of Presi- dent James A. Garfield, September 19, 1881, Mayor Perkins issued the following proclamation at Blair, this county :


"Great calamity has befallen the nation. The assassin's bullet has accomplished its mission and James Abraham Garfield. is no more. He died last evening at 10:05. As the chief magistrate of a great people, it is proper that due respect should be shown the illustrious dead.




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