USA > Nebraska > York County > York County, Nebraska and its people : together with a condensed history of the state, Vol. I > Part 20
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GOVERNOR SAUNDERS. Alvin Saunders, of Mount Pleasant, Iowa, was ap- pointed governor, hy President Lincoln, and with him, in May, 1861, came Alger- non S. Paddock, as secretary. Governor Saunders held the mantle of office until the actual installation of statehood in 1867, and during much of this time, Sec- retary Paddock was acting-governor at intervals. It was, of course, during Gover- nor Saunders' administration that the period of the Civil war, and Nebraska's height of Indian depredations took place, and he had a busy administration. Also, another important event of his administration was the projection into a reality, the Pacific Railroad. In his message to the Eighth Session of the Legislature, which convened December 2, 1861, the governor said :
"A mere glance at the map of the country will convince every intelligent mind that the great Platte Valley, which passes through the heart and runs nearly the entire length of Nebraska, is to furnish the route for the great central railroad, which is to connect the Atlantic and Pacific States and Territories."
The apportionment of $19,312 as Nebraska's share of the tax necessitated by the breaking out of the war was endorsed by the governor, and this session like- wise passed resolutions renewing Nebraska's vows of allegiance to the federal govern- ment, branding secession and nullification as treason against the general government and stamping Nebraska's position in the great struggle over the preservation of the Union, beyond doubt.
Nebraska's Part in the War. With a population of less than 30,000, Nebraska sent 3,307 men to fight for the preservation of the Union. Under the proclamation of President Lincoln calling for three years' volunteers, one regiment was assigned to Nebraska. Governor Saunders immediately called for volunteers to fill Nebraska's contingent. The first company was formed June 3, 1861, and the regiment was tilled within fifty days, by organization of the tenth company, July 22.
The officers who served this regiment were Colonels John M. Thayer (pro-
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moted to brigadier general October 4, 1862) and Robt. R. Livingston of Plattsmouth. Besides Colonel Livingston, the lieutenant colonels were Hiram P. Downs, of Nebraska City; Wm. D. McCord, of Plattsmouth, and Wm. Baumer of Omaha. Besides McCord, Livingston and Baumer, who had been promoted, the Majors were Allen Blacker, of Nebraska City, Geo. Armstrong, Omaha, and Thos. J. Majors of Brownville. The regiment composed of Companies A lo K. inclusive. This regiment embarked at Omaha for the field of action on July 30, 1861, and were stationed in Missouri. going into winter quarters at Georgetown. February 2. 1862, they left for Tennessee, and from Fort Henry went to Fort Donelson, where in that siege they participated in their first real engagement, with General Lew Wallace as their division commander. They participated at Corinth, and scouted in the southwestern states in 1862 and 1863, coming to St. Louis in fall, and participating in numerous memorable occasions in the western field during 1863 and 1864. They assisted in Indian excursions prior to being mustered out of service on July 1. 1866.
The Second Regiment, Nebraska Cavalry, was organized in the fall of 1862. as a nine months regiment, and served about one year. Its activities were mainly in Nebraska, and Dakota in the Indian skirmishes. Colonel Robert W. Furnas of Brownville was in command, with W. F. Sapp of Omaha, as lieutenant colonel and Majors George Armstrong of Omaha, John Taffe, of Omaha, and John W. Pearman, of Nebraska City. When this Second Regiment was mustered out of service, in Sep- tember, 1863, Major George Armstrong was commissioned by Governor Saunders to raise an independent battalion cavalry from its veterans. This battalion, con- sisting mainly of Companies A, B, C and D), were mustered into service as the First Battalion, Nebraska Veteran Cavalry, and assigned to duty on the plains. In July, 1865, this battalion was consolidated with the First Regiment, Nebraska Veteran Cavalry, and mustered out of service a year later.
When, in August, 1861, a call was issued for two companies of cavalry to join the First Nebraska Regiment (Infantry) two Companies, "A" at Omaha under Capt. M. T. Patrick, and "B" at Omaha, under Capt. J. T. Croft, were formed. They did not join the First Nebraska, but with two other companies, one from Nebraska City recruited around there and from Page County, Iowa, under Capt. J. M. Young, and one recruited under Lieut. Win. Curl of St. Louis, were merged into the Fifth Iowa Cavalry, under which name they went through the war, although also called the "Curtis Horse." They served their time in the Southwestern Army.
During the Indian outbreaks, centering around August, 1864, in addition to the handful of regulars available at the regular military posts, and the First Nebraska Veteran Volunteer Cavalry, and the many unofficial, hurried local organi- zations of settlers, along military plan, there were numerous companies of militia organized and called out by Governor Saunders. These included Companies A, B and C. First Regiment, Second Brigade, Company A. First Regiment, First Brigade, a detachment of thirteen men, artillery militia under Capt. Edward P. Childs : and Company "A." Pawnee Scouts, under Capt. Frank North, and a com- pany of Omaha Indians, under Capt. Edwin R. Nash.
Ninth Session of Legislature. This session convened at Omaha, January 7. 1864. E. A. Allen was President and J. W. Hollingshead as Chief Clerk of the Council, and in the House, George B. Lake was Speaker and R. Streeter, Chief Clerk. Governor Saunders in his message referred to the prosperous condition of
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the territory, and paid high tribute to the courage and high patriotism of the Nebraska Volunteers.
Tenth Session of Legislature. Convened at Omaha, January 5, 1865, and elected O. P. Mason, President and John S. Bowen, Chief Clerk of the Council, and in the House, S. M. Kirkpatrick was Speaker and John Taffe, Chief Clerk. Governor Saunders had desired only one term, but in February, 1865, joint resolutions were passed urging his re-appointment, and that of Secretary Paddock.
The Eleventh Session met at Omaha, January 4, 1866. O. P. Mason remained as President and W. E. Harvey was chosen as Chief Clerk of the Council. Jas. G. Megeath was speaker and George May, chief clerk of the House. This session author- ized the people of the Territory to vote upon the question of statehood.
The Twelfth and Last Territorial Legislature. This session convened January 10, 1867, after the first provisional (state) Legislature had convened on the preeed- ing July 4th. E. H. Rogers was President and O. B. Hewitt, Chief Clerk of this session's Council, and in the House, W. F. Chapin was speaker and J. S. Bowen remained as Chief Clerk. This was an uneventful, valedietory session, as statehood was now virtually an accomplished fact.
THE EVOLUTION INTO STATEHOOD
1862-3. During this session of Congress, a bill was introduced, authorizing the territories of Nebraska, Colorado and Nevada to take the preliminary steps toward admission into the Union as states. This measure did not reach tinal action during the life of that session.
1864. On April 19th, an act of Congress was approved by the President and became a law, enabling the people of Nebraska to form a State constitution and government. But the continuance of the war, the Indian trouble pending about that time, and coneurrent conditions rendered immediate action upon this permis- sion inexpedient.
1866. February 9, the action of the Territorial Legislature made local provision for carrying that law into effect.
June 2, an election was held to decide the question. The tabulation of this vote will serve to show the closeness of the question even then. and also the develop- ment of the state, illustrating what counties were then formed.
Counties
For
Against
Burt
42
Buffalo
1
41
('edar
12
39
Cuming
31
41
('ass
233
480
Dixon
34
36
Dakota
106
32
Douglas
191
572
Dodge
96
45
Gage
96
61
Hall
2
29
Johnson
108
69
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HISTORY OF NEBRASKA
Counties
For
Against
Jones
32
13
Kearney
21
2
L'Eau-qui-Court (now Knox)
no returns
. .
Lancaster
95
23
Lincoln
30
20
Merrick
16
S
Nemaha
346
489
Otoe
432
870
Platle
123
55
Pawnee
233
31
Richardson
503
323
Sarpy
109
231
Seward
23
24
Saline
5
54
Washington
404
89
Soldiers' vote
134
34
3938
3838
The closeness of this vote might be puzzling, viewed fifty or sixty years in the retrospective were not the explanation made that considerable polities was injected into this question. The republican party in President Johnson's administration was somewhat divided, and a coalition of the Johnson or liberal wing of that party, with the democrats, especially for patronage and like purposes, alarmed such of the republicans as those in Nebraska. The republicans of Nebraska desired the adoption of the constitution and to secure two senators and a representative to help sway the narrow margin at Washington; while the democrats worked almost as hard against the adoption of the statehood instrument as for their own ticket.
July 4, 1866. According to the provision of the new Constitution therefor, the first provisional (state) legislature met on this date, at Omaha. F. Welch was President and C. E. Yost, Chief Clerk of the Council, and W. A. Polloek, Speaker, and J. H. Brown, Chief Clerk of the House. Perhaps the most remarkable achieve- ment of this session was the election of two men to the U. S. Senate, both of whom had won their military spurs, Maj .- Gen. John M. Thayer, being elected "the senator from the North Platte" and Chaplain Thomas W. Tipton, "the senator from the South Platte" and the "state of Nebraska" being disregarded in the designations. Hon. T. M. Marquette had been elected as the first representative.
.Inly 18. 1866. A bill was introduced into the National Congress to provide for the admission of Nebraska, and passed on July 28th. but owing to the near approach of the end of the session, the quiet pocketing of that bill by President Johnson was all that was needed to prevent its becoming a law at that time. Congress adjourned and left the embryo state out in the cold, with a set of state officials, legislature and everything elected ready to function ; but its charter not issued yet.
December, 1866. When Congress convened, somewhat new conditions had taken place and the republicans, with their solidarity strengthened were not worrying so much about new accessions of numerical membership. While the Fifteenth amendment had not yet been adopted, the stalwart feeling in favor of a franchise
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HISTORY OF NEBRASKA
mlimited in the color line was rapidly growing. The conservative gentlemen who framed the new Nebraska constitution had inserted the word "white" in the franchising qualifications, and as this was a factor not provided for in the enabling aet, opened the path for further obstacles. Then the representatives of the older states were now more interested in preserving their sectional and individual weight then granting accessions to the rapidly growing and menacing Northwest. But in January, 1867, a bill looking to the admission of Nebraska received the indorse- ment of Congress. But it was promptly vetoed by the President, on the ground it embraced the conditions referred to not covered in the enabling act: that the proceedings attending the formation of the constitution were different from those preseribed, and that the population of the territory did not justify its becoming a state. The bill. however, was passed over the President's veto, by a vote of 30 to 9 in the Senate and by a vote. the day following, in the House, of 120 to 44. But the provision was added that the act was not to take etfeet,
"Except upon the fundamental condition that within the State of Nebraska there shall be no denial of the elective franchise, or any other right. to any person by reason of race or color, except Indians not taxed : and upon the further fundamental condition that the Legislature of said State, by a solemn public act, shalt declare the assent of said State to the said fundamental condition."
February 14, 1867. Territorial Governor Saunders, still the Chief Executive of Nebraska issued a proclamation calling together the newly elected state legislature to comply with the conditions above set forth.
February 20. 1862. Immediate action was taken upon this subjeet, and a bill was passed by the Senate, by a vote of seven to three, and by the House, twenty to six, and approved by the governor. The Legislature provided for the formal notification of the President of the United States of the acceptance of the conditions preseribed, and then adjourned.
March 1, 1867. President Andrew Johnson issued the proclamation declaring Nebraska a state. The next day, Hon. T. M. Marquette presented his credentials in the national House of Representatives and consummated the bond. The two senators, by waiting two days lengthened their terms a couple of years, but Marquette was tired of Washington, so he qualified. cast a few votes in two days and came home.
OFFICIAL ROSTER OF THE TERRITORY
Governors. Francis Burt, October 16, 1854: died October 18th. (Acting Gov. Thomas B. Cuming served in the following interim. ) 2nd. Governor Mark W. Izard. Feb. 20, 1855: (Acting Gov. Thos. B. Cuming, served again after Gov- ernor Izard's resignation October 25, 1857). 3d. Wm. A. Richardson, January 12. 1858 (Secretary J. Sterling Morton, acting governor from December 5, 1858, to May 2, 1859). 4th. Samuel W. Black. May 2, 1859 (with Morton aeting governor again in 1861, February to May). 5th. AAlvin Saunders. May 15, 1861 (with Sec- retary A. S. Paddock, as acting governor for a portion of the time from 1861-1867).
Secretaries. Thomas B. Cuming, August 13, 1854: John B. Motley, acting March 23-July 12. 1858, until the arrival of J. Sterling Morton, who served from July 12. 1858, until May 6. 1861, and Algernon S. Paddock, May 6, 1861, until 1867.
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HISTORY OF NEBRASKA
Auditors. Chas. B. Smith, Mar. 16, 1855; Samuel S. Campbell, Aug. 3, 1857; Wm. E. Moore, June 1, 1858 ; Robert C. Jordon, August 2, 1858: Wm. E. Harvey, Oct. 8, 1861 ; John Gillespie. Oct. 10, 1865.
Treasurer. B. P. Rankin. Mar. 16, 1855; Wm. W. Wyman, Nov. 6, 1855; Augustus Kountze, Oct. 8, 1861.
Librarians. James S. Izard, Mar. 16, 1855; H. C. Anderson, Nov. 6, 1855; John H. Kellom, Ang. 3, 1857 ; Alonzo D. Lnce, Nov. 7. 1859 ; Robt. S. Knox, - 1861.
Judiciary. Chief Justices were, Fenner Ferguson, October 12, 1854; Augustus Hall, March 15, 1858; William Pitt Kellogg, May 27, 1861 ; William Kellogg, May 8, 1865: William A. Little, who died in office, 1866.
Associate Justices. James Bradley, Oet. 25, 1854: Edward R. Harden, Dec. 4, 1854: Sammel W. Black, 1857; Eleazer Wakely, April 22, 1857 : Joseph Miller, April 9, 1859; Wm. E. Lockwood. May 16, 1861; Joseph E. Streeter, Nov. 18, 1861; Elmer S. Dundy, June 22, 1863.
Clerks were H. C. Anderson, 1856; Charles S. Salisbury, 1858; E. B. Chandler, 1859; John H. Kellom, 1861 ; William Kellogg, Jr., 1865.
District Attorneys were S. A. Strickland, June 11, 1855: Jonathan H. Smith, June 9, 1855; D. S. MeGary, May 10, 1855; John MI. Latham, Jacob Safford, William Kline, Nov. 6, 1855; Jas. G. Chapman, William McLennan, George W. Doane, Aug. 3, 1857, U. C. Jolinson, October 11, 1859.
Delegates to Congress. Napoleon B. Gidding, December 12, 1854; Bird B. Chapman, November 6, 1855, who defeated Hiram P. Bennett by a vote of 380 to 292; Fenner Ferguson, August 3, 1857, who had received 1,642 votes to Chapman, 1,559 : Benj. P. Rankin, 1,241, John M. Thayer, 1,171 and 21 scattering in a total of 5,634. Experience Estabrook, October 11, 1859, whose vote of 3,100 defeated Samuel G. Daily with 2,800; J. Sterling Morton. in 1860, with 2,957 votes, defeated Samuel G. Daily, who had 2,943; Samuel G. Daily, in election of 1862, with 2,331 votes this time won out over John F. Kinney. who polled 2.180 votes; Phineas W. Hitcheock polled 3.421 over George L. Miller, 2,399 votes in the election of 1864.
U. S. Marshals. Mark W. Izard, Oct. 28, 1854: Eli R. Doyle, April 7, 1855; Benjamin P. Rankin, March 29, 1856; Phineas W. Hitchcock, Sept. 19, 1861; and Casper E. Yost, April 1, 1865.
CHAPTER VII
NEBRASKA'S GOVERNMENT AS A STATE
GOVERNOR BUTLER'S FIRST ADMINISTRATION (1867-9)-CHANGE IN CAPITAL- BUTLER'S SECOND ADMINISTRATION-BUTLER'S THIRD ADMINISTRATION 1871- THE IMPEACILMENT OF A GOVERNOR-GOVERNOR FURNAS'S ADMINISTRATION (1873-5)-GOVERNOR GARBER'S ADMINISTRATION ( 1875-7)-THE CONSTITUTION OF 1875-GOVERNOR GARBER'S SECOND ADMINISTRATION (1877-9)-GOVERNOR NANCE'S ADMINISTRATIONS (1879-1883)-GOVERNOR DAWES ADMINISTRATIONS (1883-1887)-GOVERNOR THAYER'S ADMINISTRATIONS ( 1887-1891)-GOVERNOR BOYD'S ADMINISTRATION (1891-3)-GOVERNOR CROUNSE'S ADMINISTRATION (1893-5)-GOVERNOR HOLCOMB'S ADMINISTRATION (1895-1899)-NEBRASKA IN TITE SPANISHI-AMERICAN WAR-GOVERNOR POYNTER'S ADMINISTRATION (1899- 1901)-GOVERNORS DIETRICHI-SAVAGE ADMINISTRATION (1901-3) -GOVERNOR MICKEY'S ADMINISTRATIONS ( 1903-1907)-GOVERNOR SHELDON'S ADMINISTRATION (1907-1909)-GOVERNOR SHALLENBERGER'S ADMINISTRATION (1909-1911)- GOVERNOR ALDRICH'S ADMINISTRATION ( 1911-13)-GOVERNOR MOREHEAD'S AD- MINISTRATIONS ( 1913-1917)-GOVERNOR NEVILLE'S ADMINISTRATION (1917-1919) -SEMI-CENTENNIAL STATEHOOD CELEBRATION. 1917-NEBRASKA IN THE WORLD WAR-GOVERNOR MC KELVIE'S ADMINISTRATION (1919-1921) -CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION OF 1920-STATE INSTITUTIONS-ROSTER OF STATE OFFICERS.
The territorial survey has brought Nebraska down to the point of her estab- lishment as a separate state. From this point on, March, 1867, we will make a brief survey of the State Government, first : dividing it into the units of the admin- istrations of her various governors, perhaps as expedient as any other arrangement, and at the same time, carrying along the progression of the various activities, both chronologically and topically.
GOVERNOR BUTLER'S FIRST ADMINISTRATION. The new Constitution (1866) provided that the senators and representatives, and the state officers should be chosen at biennial elections on the second Tuesday in October. But the election of the first set of officers took place on June 2, 1866. It was at that time Hon. T. M. Marquette was elected representative in Congress, over J. Sterling Morton, by a vote of 4,821 to 4,105. But the first regular election was held in October, 1866, even though the young state was still out of the Union, and it was then that Hon. John Taffe secured 4,820 votes while A. S. Paddock received but 4,022 and the brilliant but eecentric George Francis Train but 30. The first state governor, David Butler by a vote of 1,093 defeated J. Sterling Morton with 3,948. Associated with this first governor, furnished by Pawnee County, as the other state officers for the young state were: Thomas P. Kennard, secretary of state and librarian : John Gillespie, elected to pass from territorial to state official
156
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HISTORY OF NEBRASKA
family, as auditor : Augustus Kountze, treasurer, another of the territorial official family who was retained; Champion S. Chase, chosen for the new office of attorney- general. Governor Butler, a native of Indiana, who had lived in Nebraska since 1858, had a public record of service in both houses of the Territorial Legislature. He at once called a special session of the Legislature, in his proelamation of April 4th, and that session convened May 18, 1867. This session was called for the purpose of enacting laws and amending of existing statutes to harmonize with the new order of government.
Change in Capital. In the summer of 1867, the capital was formally moved from Omaha to Lincoln, in accordance with an Act of the Legislature passed the year previous. Governor Butler, Auditor Gillespie and Secretary of State Kennard had been empowered to seleet a site for the new capital, and after a thorough study and investigation, had chosen Lincoln.
1868. The contract for the erection of the State House was let on January 11, 1868, to Joseph Ward, Chicago, for the sum of $49,000. The walls were con- structed of magnesian limestone from the Beatrice quarries in Gage County. The building was sufficiently completed for occupancy, so that by December 3, Governor Butler issued his proclamation annonneing the removal of the seat of government to Lincoln and the removal of the archives to that point.
An extra session of the Legislature convened in Omaha on October 27th, to make necessary provisions for the election of presidential electors, the existing laws being defective in this respect.
On November 3d, the citizens of Nebraska participated in the first national and state election. The republican state ticket triumphed and brought about the eleetion of ; presidential electors, supporting Gen. U. S. Grant for president and llon. Schuyler Colfax for vice-president ; T. M. Marquette, Lewis Allgewahr and J. F. Warner. For congressman, John Taffe with 8,724 votes defeated Andrew J. Poppleton, who had 6,318 votes. For governor, David Butler was re-elected over J. R. Porter, by a vote of 8,576 to 6,349. Along with them, were elected ; Secre- tary of State, T. P. Kennard. Auditor, John Gillespie, Treasurer, JJames Sweet.
GOVERNOR BUTLER'S SECOND ADMINISTRATION. 1869. The fifth session of the State Legislature (incorrectly named "first regular session" on the title page of the journal) met at Lincoln. the first session to meet there after the removal to that place. It met on January 7, 1869. The officers were, Hon E. B. Taylor, president of the senate; S. M. Chapman, Secretary ; and in the house, Hon. Wm. McLennan, of Otoe County, Speaker, and John S. Bowen, chief Clerk. No particular work was laid out for this session and it was rather uneventful. Perhaps the most notable Act was the legislative establishment of the University of Nebraska, for which the corner stone was laid in September of that year, the contract having been let in August for the first building, to Silver and Son, of Logansport, Indiana. The completion of the Union Pacific Railroad was the most important event of this year, affecting Nebraska.
1870. The sixth session of the Legislature, assembled February 17th, called as an extraordinary session for twenty specific purposes, first among which was the ratification of the proposed fifteenth amendment to the United States Constitu- tion. The measure of greatest importance was the provision for the erection of a state penitentiary. Immediately upon the close of the sixth session, the seventh session assembled at 8:30 P. M. on March 4, 1870, Governor Butler having called
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it by proclamation issued that same day. The objects enumerated by the governor were the passage of a herd law, and the ratification of a contract made by the governor for the conveyance of certain saline lands to Isaac Cohn and John M. Evans. But this session did not result in the accomplishment of the governor's desires.
The state republican convention in August. 1870, nominated John Taffe for congressman, but due to his illness and not wishing to risk a second convention, nominated J. E. LaMaster as contingent, a custom sometimes later carried out and hereinafter referred to. In the fall election of 1870, Congressman Taffe won re-elee- tion over George B. Lake, and Governor Butler won re-election over John HI. Crox- ton, and the remainder of the republican ticket was victorious.
In October, 1870. Governor Butler appointed as delegates to the national capital removal convention, at Cincinnati, October 25th, Alvin Saunders, D. J. McCann, W. E. Dillon, A. P. Cagwell. E. S. Dundy, C. Il. Gere and R. R. Livingston. Like many another political dream, this did not transpire, and neither "some point near Kearney, Nebraska." nor any other middle-western aspirant won this luscious prize.
GOVERNOR BUTLER'S THIRD ADMINISTRATION. 1871. This administration started out with the eighth session of the Legislature, convening on January 5, 1871. Hon. E. E. Cunningham, of Richardson County, was president of the senate, and (. H. Walker, its secretary ; and in the House, Ilon. Geo. W. Collins, of Pawnee County, was speaker, and Louis E. Cropsey, chief clerk. The first struggle in this session took place over the election of a United States senator, of course to be a republican, and this brought a fierce contest between the adherents of John M. Thayer, who sought re-election : Phineas W. Hitchcock and Alvin Saunders, all of Omaha. With the aid of twelve democratie members. Hitchcock bested the others and won the honor. Governor Butler in a message to this session urged woman suffrage, an achievement to be yet forty-nine years in its final and full arrival, nationally and in Nebraska.
The Impeachment of a Governor. In spite of the rapid strides being made by this young state, everything was not to remain as serene as a summer day with her State Government.
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