USA > New Hampshire > Merrimack County > Concord > History of Concord, New Hampshire, from the original grant in seventeen hundred and twenty-five to the opening of the twentieth century, Volume I > Part 1
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A
Gc 974.202 C74c v.1 1136124
GENEALOGYY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01095 9085
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015
https://archive.org/details/historyofconcord01conc_0
490 2Vs 1000
1
STATE HOUSE, 1816-1865.
HISTORY
OF CONCORD
ONCORD
NEW HAMPSHIRE
FROM THE ORIGINAL GRANT IN SEVENTEEN HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIVE TO THE OPENING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
PREPARED UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE CITY HISTORY COMMISSION
JAMES O. LYFORD, Editor
PENA RNESS WAS CLAD 1725
R.THEM
1853.
DUCATION RELIGI
CONCORD
ADOPTED CITY CHARTER)
VOLUME I
AUTHORIZED BY THE CITY GOVERNMENT JANUARY 14TH, 1896
THE RUMFORD PRESS, CONCORD, N. H.
1903
COPYRIGHT, 1903, BY THE HISTORY COMMISSION OF CONCORD.
ORDINANCE CREATING CITY HISTORY COMMISSION.
CITY OF CONCORD.
IN THE YEAR OF OUR LORD ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND
NINETY-SIX.
AN ORDINANCE
1136124
Providing for a History of the City of Concord.
Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Concord as follows :
That Amos Hadley, Howard F. Hill, Benjamin A. Kimball, James O. Lyford, Lyman D. Stevens, and John M. Mitchell be and the same are hereby appointed and constituted a committee of which the mayor shall be ex officio a member and chairman, all to serve without pay, to employ some competent and satisfactory person to write the history of Concord to the present time and to procure its publication, said committee to devise some plan or project whereby the city, as such, shall be saved from considerable expense in the matter, subscriptions to be obtained to the work, and data and mate- rial collected for the same; and for said purposes the sum of two hundred dollars is hereby appropriated from any money in the treas- ury not otherwise appropriated, subject to the order of the duly- elected treasurer of said committee upon its organization, and to be expended under the direction of the committee.
The said committee to be known as the City History Commission, the members thereof to serve until others are elected in their stead, and any vacancy in said commission from death, resignation, or ina- bility shall be filled immediately by election in the City Council and said Commission shall report progress from time to time to the City Council, and shall incur no expense beyond the sum of two hundred dollars hereby appropriated without first obtaining proper authoriza- tion from the City Council therefor.
In Board of Mayor and Aldermen January 14, 1896.
HENRY ROBINSON, Mayor.
In Common Council January 14, 1896.
Passed in concurrence.
HARRY R. HOOD, President.
PREFACE.
The first public consideration of a history of Concord to supple- ment that of Dr. Nathaniel Bouton was at a meeting of the Commer- cial club in the winter of 1893. The subject was brought to the attention of the club by Postmaster Robinson, and received favorable consideration. No action was taken, however, until December, 1895, when in consultation with several citizens Mr. Robinson, then mayor, suggested that some expression of the public be obtained by petition. Following out this suggestion Isaac Andrew Hill prepared and circu- lated the following petition :
TO THE HONORABLE HENRY ROBINSON,
Mayor of Concord :
As mayor of our city and as president of the Concord Commercial club, we beg to call your attention and to ask your co-operation as far as may be proper, to the subject of a history of Concord.
It is now nearly half a century since Dr. Bouton completed his work, and the book is now long out of print, and almost impossible to buy.
Since 1853 we have become a municipality. We feel that the time is now ripe for the preparation of a history embodying these great changes, both material and personal, and we respectfully re- quest you to call the attention of the aldermen and common council to this most desirable undertaking.
BENJAMIN A. KIMBALL,
FRANKLIN D. AYER,
JAMES S. NORRIS, E. J. AIKEN,
LEWIS DOWNING, JR.,
WOODBRIDGE ODLIN,
JOHN M. HILL, JOHN KIMBALL,
LYMAN D. STEVENS,
JOHN WHITAKER,
LELAND A. SMITH,
DANIEL B. DONOVAN,
JOSEPH B. WALKER,
MILON D. CUMMINGS,
GEORGE A. CUMMINGS,
CYRUS R. ROBINSON.
EDSON J. HILL,
This formal presentation of the project was read on December 10, 1895, before a convention of the city council, and was referred to a special committee composed of Mayor Robinson, Aldermen John F. Webster and David F. Dudley, and Councilmen George W. Bunker
V
PREFACE.
and Charles S. Piper. This committee reported favorably January 14, 1896, to the city council, introdueing an ordinance, drawn by the mayor, providing for a history of Concord, appointing a commission to carry out the undertaking, and appropriating two hundred dollars to develop a plan of the history. The commission consisted of the mayor, ex officio, chairman, Amos Hadley, Howard F. Hill, Benjamin A. Kimball, James O. Lyford, Lyman D. Stevens, and John M. Mitchell.
This commission met at the office of Benjamin A. Kimball at the passenger railway station Saturday morning, February 1, 1896, and perfeeted an organization by the choice of James O. Lyford as secre- tary, who was subsequently ehosen editor. An executive committee was appointed consisting of the mayor, Jamies O. Lyford, and How- ard F. Hill. The executive committee was directed to prepare and recommend to the commission a general plan of the history.
The second meeting of the commission was held February 10, 1896, at which the executive committee reported its plan, which was discussed by the commission, and then it was voted to ask the city council to appropriate two thousand five hundred dollars for the preparation of the history, the appropriation to be in the nature of a loan of the city's credit, the commission to secure subscriptions to that amount before asking for any further appropriation. At a regular meeting of the city conneil February 11, 1896, the request of the commission was granted and the appropriation made.
The plan of the history, as outlined by the commission and fol- lowed in the preparation of the work, provided for a general narra- tive, giving the story of the settlement of Concord and its growth from the date of its founding to the close of the year 1896. The general narrative was to be supplemented by a topical treatment of those subjects which could be better considered separately than in the general story. As the work progressed it was found that more time would be required to complete the history, and the date of closing it was extended to the beginning of the new century. Sub- sequently the various writers were engaged and the patient exam- ination of data went forward. In the meantime a prospectus of the history was prepared and the soliciting of subscriptions begun. Within a year, and before any of the manuscript had been submitted
vi
PREFACE.
to the commission, subscriptions to the amount of three thousand three hundred dollars were secured, showing the popular interest in the subject.
The commission was appointed to serve without compensation, and no member thercof has drawn anything from the city treasury for his services as commissioner, while two, at least, have contrib- uted financially to the success of the enterprise. All members of the commission are engaged in active business, yet it would be difficult to find a commission whose members have attended meetings with more regularity and punctuality. From the beginning of the work the commission has held at least two hundred and fifty meetings, and these meetings cover five city administrations,-those of Mayors Robinson, Woodworth, Martin, Sargent, and Corning. The meetings have been held at the office of Mr. Kimball, which he carly gave to the use of the commission.
It has been the object of the commission to produce the history without material expense to the city beyond the loan of its credit. To this end the commission has sought voluntary contributions from those who were in a position to make them, and for such literary labor as it has given compensation the price paid is far from ade- quate for the time spent and the material prepared. To secure this result the contributions and employments have had to be subsidiary to other duties, which necessarily has delayed the completion of the work. This has not been without its advantages, for it has secured greater accuracy and condensation of statement. Since the first manuscript was ready for examination the work of each writer has been read to the full board for comment and criticism. In this work of examining manuscript the commission has had the assistance of the following citizens, who have attended its meetings in response to an invitation from the commission and have acted as associate mem- bers : Lewis Downing, Jr., Joseph B. Walker, Henry McFarland, Charles R. Corning, John C. Ordway, and Giles Wheeler.
The following articles are the gifts of the authors :
Physical Features of Concord Joseph B. Walker.
Physical Development of Concord. Joseph B. Walker. Canals, Stage Lines, and Taverns . Henry McFarland.
Concord as a Railroad Center Henry McFarland.
>
vii
PREFACE.
Medical History
Jacob H. Gallinger.
Church History
James O. Lyford.
State Hospital
Joseph B. Walker.
Margaret Pillsbury Hospital .
Hospital for Women and Children
Dentistry
Schools, Public and Private .
Concord Literary Institution .
Methodist General Biblical Institute
Newspapers . State Prison .
Joseph B. Walker.
Concord in the Civil War
Howard F. Hill.
St. Paul's School .
James O. Lyford.
St. Mary's School .
Thomas C. Bethune.
The Rolfe and Rumford Asylum .
Joseph B. Walker.
The Governor's Horse Guards
James O. Lyford.
Fish and Game
Frank Battles.
Official Roster of Concord
James O. Lyford.
James O. Lyford. James O. Lyford. James O. Lyford. John C. Ordway. Jolm C. Ordway. John C. Ordway. Frank W. Rollins.
The special topics have relieved the general narrator, Amos Had- ley, of the necessity of breaking the thread of his story by turning aside to give details on such subjects, which often detracts from the merits of a history, while the writers who have dealt with these special subjects have had opportunity to give a continuous account of the themes which they have treated. In addition to this there is a variety of style in the writing, which it is hoped will make the history more pleasing to the public.
The history is the joint production of citizens of Concord, some of them natives and all of them long-time residents. The illustrations have been in charge of Henry B. Colby, and have been prepared under the supervision of Benjamin A. Kimball. To obviate any question of discrimination, no portraits of individuals living or dead have been used. The illustrating has been of places and buildings of historic interest, public buildings, and such scenes of the past and present as posterity would desire to have preserved. The reading of the revised proof has been the contribution of Edward N. Pearson.
The spirit of this undertaking has been to give as complete, readable, and accurate a history of Concord as possible, exploiting
viii
PREFACE.
no enterprise and no individual, but preserving in compact form all those facts and incidents which present and future generations will find useful, instructive, and entertaining. How well the commission has succeeded the public can best judge when this book is in their hands.
CHARLES R. CORNING (ex officio), AMOS HADLEY, HOWARD F. HILL, BENJAMIN A. KIMBALL, JAMES O. LYFORD, LYMAN D. STEVENS, JOHN M. MITCHELL, City History Commission.
To the secretary and editor, James O. Lyford, credit should be given for the labor he has performed and the capacity he has shown in the preparation of this history. His contributions to its pages are but a part of his work. The plan of the history, combining a general narrative with topical treatment of special subjects, is his, and the burden of securing voluntary contributions, conducting correspond- ence, arranging material, and attending to the many details, has fallen upon him. The ability with which he has discharged these duties has contributed in no small degree to the success of the undertaking.
CHARLES R. CORNING. AMOS HADLEY. HOWARD F. HILL. BENJAMIN A. KIMBALL. LYMAN D. STEVENS. JOHN M. MITCHELL.
ACT OF LEGISLATURE CREATING HISTORY COMMISSION OF CONCORD.
STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE.
IN THE YEAR OF OUR LORD ONE THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED AND THREE.
AN ACT
To Incorporate the History Commission of Concord.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court convened :
SECTION 1. That the mayor of Concord, Amos Hadley, Howard F. Hill, Benjamin A. Kimball, James O. Lyford, Lyman D. Stevens, and John M. Mitehell, their successors and assigns, shall be and hereby are made a body politie and corporate by the name of the History Commission of Concord.
SECT. 2. This corporation shall receive, when published, all copies of the History of Concord, authorized by said city by ordinance passed January 14, 1896, and ordinances and resolutions supple- mentary thereto, and shall have the eustody and control thereof, and shall provide for their sale, fixing the price thereof with the approval of the City Councils of Concord, and account to said city for all moneys received therefrom.
SECT. 3. This corporation is empowered to appoint an agent or agents to carry out its work and to fix their compensation.
SECT. 4. Any vacancy in the incorporators shall be filled by the city councils upon recommendation of the remaining members.
SECT. 5. The mayor of Concord, Amos Hadley, Howard F. Hill, and James O. Lyford, or any two of them, may call the first meeting of this corporation not later than May 1st, 1903, and at said meeting or any adjournment thereof may take such measures as are necessary to complete its organization.
SECT. 6. This act shall take effect upon its passage.
[Approved March 24, 1903.]
The incorporators of the foregoing act met April 4, 1903, and or- ganized by the choice of Lyman D. Stevens as president, Howard F. Hill as clerk, and Benjamin A. Kimball as treasurer. Notice of the acceptance of the act of incorporation and of the organization was filed with the mayor and City Councils, who accepted and approved the same April 13, 1903.
CONTENTS.
VOLUME I.
PHYSICAL FEATURES-Joseph B. Walker
1
Streams
9
Ponds
11
Freshcts
12
Forests
17
Mineral Resources
20
Artesian Well'
22
Localities
23
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT- Joseph B. Walker
33
Ferries
33
Bridges
35
Main Street
43 49
Types of Houses
53
FISH AND GAME-Frank Battles
59
GENERAL NARRATIVE-Amos Hadley
65
Chapter 1-Scene of the History. tion
Aboriginal Occupa-
65
Chapter 2-Events leading to English Occupation. Grant of the Plantation of Penacook 95
Chapter 3-Plantation of Penacook. Transition to the Township of Rumford 107
Chapter 4-Town of Rumford. Falls within Jurisdic- tion of New Hampshire 147
Chapter 5-District of Rumford. King George's War and its Indian Hostilities . 160
Chapter 6-Rumford neither Town nor District.
Bow
Controversy and Matters connected therewith. Colo- nization by Concord Settlers 188
Chapter 7-Last French and Indian War. Rumford becomes Concord, a Parish of Bow 222 Chapter 8-Parish of Concord. Period of the American Revolution 245
PAGE
Topography
1
Shade Trees
xi
CONTENTS.
GENERAL NARRATIVE :
Chapter 9-Town of Concord. Post Revolutionary
Events. Constitution of the United States. Revised State Constitution. Town Affairs and Progress 287 Chapter 10-Town of Concord. Early Events of the New Century. Becomes the Capital of the State. War of 1812. Other Facts of the Period 315
Chapter 11-Town of Concord. The State House Erected. Toleration Act. Merrimack County Formed. Other Events
346
Chapter 12-Town of Concord. Temperance Reform. Religious, Social, Intellectual, and Material Progress. Catholic-Irish Immigration. Political Events. City Charter Adopted
373
Chapter 13-City of Concord. New Government in Operation. City and County Building. Public Li- brary. The Prohibitory Law. Progress in Various Departments. Ante-War Politics
Chapter 14-City of Concord. Period of the Civil War. Chapter 15-City of Concord. After the War. Impor- tant Means Adopted whereby the General Advantage of the Community was Subserved 522
437 481
Chapter 16-City of Concord, 1880 to 1900. Two Dec- ades of Progress. Topics, old and new, treated to Conclusion 543
MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT-Charles R. Corning (Chapter 17) WEATHER RECORD FROM 1856 TO 1900 INCLUSIVE- Will- iam W. Flint (Chapter 18) 667
613
THE GOVERNOR'S HORSE GUARDS-James O. Lyford (Ap- pendix ).
ILLUSTRATIONS.
VOLUME I.
PAGE
State House, 1816 to 1865
Frontispiece
Course of Merrimack River, 1726
2
Leavitt's Plan of River Course, 1804
3
Loammi Baldwin's Plan of River Course, 1836
4
Badger's Plan of River Course, 1855
5
First Coneord Bridge, 1795
35
Plan of Coneord about 1827
48,49
The Log House
54
The Frame Cottage
54 54
The Box Trap House
55
The Two-story Square House
55
The Nearly Flat Roof House
56
The Gable Front House
56 56
The Queen Anne House
57
The Colonial House
57
The Romanesque House
58
Peorawarrah's Gun
88
Hannah Dustin Monument
93
The Log Meeting-house
120
Old Burying Yard
128
Monument to Commemorate First Serviee
138
Badger's Plan of Proprietors' Lots
146
Garrison around Reverend Timothy Walker's Dwelling
171
The Bradley Monument
185
Faesimile of Petition for Aid, 1744
186
Plan illustrating Bow Controversy
217
First Frame Meeting-house, with subsequent Additions .
274
" Elm Croft " in 1900 .
. 280
Old Town House, 1790
297
The Philip Carrigain House
309
Main Street in 1798
314
Merrimack County Bank
324
-
.
.
The Gambrel Roof House
The Mansard or French Roof House
xiii
ILLUSTRATIONS.
The Fort Burying Ground, now Old Fort Cemetery
342
The Old Pound 343
Old Horse Sheds 432
City Hall and County Court House
443
Main Street, looking North from Pleasant Street, with Ma- sonic Temple at Left, 1900 . ·
454
Old Post-office, on Site of Board of Trade Building
.
466
View of Concord from South . 497
Central Fire Station 524 .
Board of Trade Building
. 530
State Street, rear of State House, 1880
533
First Centennial Home for Aged
537
Present Centennial Home for Aged
537
Concord, from Cupola of Court House
542
Pumping Station
545
Engine House at Penacook
550
Contooeook River Park
562
Entrance to Blossom Hill Cemetery
564
Police Station, Warren Street
569
Police Station, Penaeook
. 570
Main Street, looking South from Park Street
595
Main Street, looking South from Centre Street Call's Bloek
599
The Post-office
600
. The State Library 602
Odd Fellows' Home 609
The Chadbourne and Stearns House
618
The Rogers House
. 619
Hay Seales in Smoky Hollow 621
House where First Legislature met in Concord 622
Granite Quarries 634 .
View of Penacook, showing Dam and Stone Mill 648
. . New Hampshire Savings Bank 658
Mechanieks National and Merrimack County Savings Banks 660 National State Capital and Loan and Trust Savings Banks 660
Old Bank Building 661
First National and Union Guaranty Savings Banks .
661
·
582
Club Houses
584
The Fowler Library
572
View of Great Bend from Passaconaway Club
·
597
HISTORY OF CONCORD.
PHYSICAL FEATURES.
TOPOGRAPHY, STREAMS, PONDS, FRESHETS, FORESTS, MINERALS, ARTESIAN WELL, LOCALITIES.
JOSEPH B. WALKER.
TOPOGRAPHY.
The township of Concord, which has a length from north to south of about eight miles and a breadth of about seven and three quar- ters, embracing an area of about thirty-nine thousand acres, forms a section of the Merrimack valley. Its surface, for the most part moderately uneven, slopes inward from its sides to the original flood plain of the river, which divides it into two unequal parts, leaving on its east side a little more than one third, and on the opposite a little less than two thirds, of its whole area.
Its highest elevations are found in its northeastern and north- western sections. Some of these rise to heights of over five hundred feet above the sea level, the highest being the summit of Rattlesnake hill, which the United States Coast Survey has found to have an altitude of seven hundred and eighty-three feet. Inasmuch as the low-water mark of the river is two hundred and twenty-five feet above the ocean, it will be perceived that the city's different eleva- tions above that point vary from its level up to five hundred and fifty-eight feet.
Six considerable basins hold the waters of as many ponds : Great and Little Turkey ponds, having a combined area of two hundred and seventy-four acres, Long pond of three hundred and thirty-nine acres, Little pond of five acres, Horse Shoe pond of fifteen acres, Tur- tle pond of one hundred and forty-six acres, and Snow's pond of sixty-two acres. The four first mentioned lie in the westerly part of the township and the two last in its easterly section. These, together with the rivers and brooks, afford a water surface of about two thou- sand acres.
Precisely how, by ice and other eroding forces, the hand of Omnip- otenee carved into its present form that portion of the earth's crust which lies within the boundaries of Concord, we know but in part. As yct we sec through plausible conjecture darkly, and it little becomes one to strain his vision in vain speculations beyond the lim-
2
2
HISTORY OF CONCORD.
its of its present power. Some of the operations of these forces, however, are patent to superficial observation, and of these it may be allowable to speak.
When, in prehistoric time, the great glacier which had filled the Merrimack valley withdrew, it left behind it an extensive plain of modified drift, composed mostly of sand. This, varying greatly in width, extended Ferry 66 67 65 Wattanammony, Field 68 9 from north to south through the entire township, occupying an area of nearly 64 67 62 69 70 60 56 59 52 53 nine thousand (8837) 19 55 78 10 5 HORSE SHOE acres. THE RAN
9
SIAND
19/1
21 16 17 45 13 24 47 25 GREATA EMINY 12 This vast sheet of 15 2 5 1 22 sand, varying in its 6 19 48 7 11 20 49 28 50 46 29 thickness from one 51 35 23 3057 877772 13 T.J = 10 to one hundred and R.C 22 27 26 20022023390 83/1 fifty feet, formed for J2 34 36 a time the flood plain 12 N of the Merrimack. Lowest Intery H 27 26 75 16 38 39 1 But such was its composition that the 40 Middle Plain 41 42 river began at once to deepen its chan- a nel and transport its excavations to the 27 703 lower levels along its It Goriment Bad course and at its en- 31 FRO 1746. Ferry trance to the sea. Pari passu with this sinking of its bed, S 10 the northwest winds A swayed laterally its 6 current from east to 5 Course of Merrimack River in 1726. west, and from west to east, alternately. The action of these forces, operating in combination with gravity, formed in time new flood plains, each succeeding one being lower than its predecessor. Of these, the remains are yet visible in the broad steps which rise above the interval.
This sinking of its bed continued until the river encountered the solid material of the carlier formation, upon which the glacier had spread the expanse of modified drift before mentioned. But, while
3
PHYSICAL FEATURES.
the ledges in the former arrested the farther depression of the river's channel, it interfered but slightly, if at all, with its lateral move- ments. Since then it has been swayed back and forth, as before mentioned.
So serpentine, in time, became the river's course, within the limits of this township, that the Indians affixed to the locality the descriptive name of "Penny Cook," the crooked place. Since its de- pression ceased, the present interval has been its only flood plain. This varies but little in extent Read or character of sur- face, and has an Road area of about four LONG POND. SNONE and a half thou- TURTLE POND sand (4547) acres.
Through this,- " like Bacchus reel- ing and drunken," Old North the river has stag- gered on its uncer- tain way, making six different loops in as many miles, abrading in high PEMBROK water its southerly bank, and, in unsat- isfactory compen- sation therefor, fill- THINGY ing with sand such opposite portions of its channel as in this movement it Leavitt's Plan of River's Course in 1804. has abandoned. Upon the flats thus formed, willows and other allu- vium-loving plants have sprung up, to arrest in flood times the silt suspended in its waters and there precipitate it; thereby raising these low surfaces to elevations corresponding to the general level of the interval.
Many of the wanderings of the river over its most recent flood plain may be casily traced and with an interest always attaching to
4
HISTORY OF CONCORD.
indisputable geologic records. Some of the most marked changes of its course may be seen by comparing with one another the five accompanying plans, covering a period of one hundred and seventy- four years :
1. Plan of the Surveyors of the Township, 1726.
2. Plan of Jeremiah Leavitt, 1804.
3. Plan of Loammi Baldwin, drawn from surveys of the river made for the Sewall's Falls Canal Co. in 1836.
4. Plan made in 1855 by Stephen C. Badger for Bouton's History of Concord.
5. Plan of Will B. Howe, city engineer, of the River and Flood Plains, in 1900.
A comparison of Leavitt's plan with that of Baldwin, made thirty- two years later, shows remarkable changes during that period. On the 11th of August, 1828, the river cut for itself a new channel across the eastern end of the tongue of land pro- jecting westward from Sugar Ball interval, and there- by transferred thir- LOVE AND. Powo ty acres of land TURTLE POND from its eastern to its western shore. Three years later, in 1831, it reversed Meeting Nouns this action by sev- ering about five acres from Hale's point, on its west side, and leaving it on the other. This straightening of its course by the obliteration of the two most notable TWENTY PEMBROKE bends has done much to destroy the significance of Loammi Baldwin's Plan of River's Course in 1836. the name of "Pen-
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