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NYPL RESEARCH LIBRARIES 3 3433 08178189 4
IQD PLYMOUTH
STEARNS
1
HISTORY OF PLYMOUTH
VOLUME I .
HISTORY OF PLYMOUTH
NEW HAMPSHIRE
VOLUME I. NARRATIVE-VOLUME II. GENEALOGIES
VOLUME I
EZRA S. STEARNS, A.M. MEMBER OF NEW HAMPSHIRE HISTORICAL, NEW ENGLAND HISTORIC GENEALOGICAL AND AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETIES
PRINTED FOR THE TOWN BY THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 1906
THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY 370734
- . TOR, LENOX AND TILDEN FOUNDATIONS. R
1906 L
PLYMOUTH! My childhood's cherished home By Pemigewasset's side, My thoughts to thee still fondly roam With never failing pride. What though the ruthless hand of Time, And man's, more ruthless still,
Have swept the glories of your prime From homestead vale and hill, Yet memory wanders with delight, Amid your woods and streams, Where lurks the ever beckoning sprite Of youth's departed dreams.
Though saddening thoughts will cluster round Where once our homestead stood, Like standing on a funeral mound In retrospective mood,
While vanished joys and early loves Like haunting mourners stand,
And long-stilled voices from their coves Reflect the shadowy band,
Still beauty lingers 'mid decay, With fading glories blent, As round the broken vase of clay Will cling the roses' scent.
I gaze enraptured on your hills Which compass you around
Like sentinels, whose silence thrills, To guard enchanted ground.
While northward grandeur bold and clear Confronts the searching eye, Where Pelion upon Ossa rear Those cloud-capped hills on high.
Down through the valley's peaceful glades The Pemigewasset flows, A mirror of the lights and shades That in its depths repose.
Its source amid the granite walls Springs pure and fresh and free, And hastening to its destined falls, Commingling, seeks the sea. Like niche reserved for household gods In memory's sacred cell,
I'll shrine thee, Plymouth, till thy sods Shall cover me as well. And thou, fair river, onward glide, Thou to thy course art true; May I, with all my human pride, A lesson learn from you.
WALTER M. ROGERS.
PREFACE.
TN a perusal of this volume the reader is invited to bear in mind that the records of Plymouth to the year 1799 are lost apparently beyond a hope of recovery. This loss in a small measure is compensated by the fortunate preservation of the original warrants and the town clerk's minutes of the proceedings of a few of the town meetings from 1766 to 1799. On account of this serious break in the records of Plymouth a few subjects are omitted and others are treated more briefly than the author desired.
Plymouth from the beginning has occupied a prominent posi- tion in Grafton County, and the attitude and influence of the town in county affairs have received attention in the following pages. During the War of the Revolution the record of the town is the continued story of patriotism and sacrifice. The chapters relating to this feature of the History of Plymouth have been carefully written, and to the narrative of individual service has been added an account of the attitude of the town and the inti- mate connection of Plymouth with the related affairs of the county and State.
The most gratifying reward for writing the History of Ply- mouth is found in the pleasing memories that linger when the work is done. Representing the town, the committee in a kind and efficient manner has rendered valuable assistance, and to each of them I am under an obligation that passes from the rela- tions of associates to the higher plane of regard and friendship.
V111
PREFACE.
From Otis G. Hammond of the State Library, Edward N. Pearson, Secretary of State, Alvin Burleigh, George H. Adams, Rodney E. Smythe, and William J. Randolph of Plymouth, and from my brother Samuel Henry Stearns I have received many favors, and to them I am deeply indebted.
EZRA S. STEARNS.
FITCHBURG, MASS., 1905.
1
CONTENTS
FINAL REPORT OF THE TOWN HISTORY COMMITTEE
PAGE
xiii
CHAPTER
I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. CAPTAIN BAKER
5
III. THE CHARTER AND DRAFT OF LOTS
17
IV. THE PROPRIETORS
31
V. TOWN BOUNDARIES 47
VI. THE TOWN 60
68
VII. JOHN FENTON . 80
VIII. THE REVOLUTION, 1775 99
IX. THE REVOLUTION, 1776 109
X. THE REVOLUTION, 1777 122
XI. THE REVOLUTION, 1778-83 141
XII. THE VETERANS' STORY . 173
XIII. REVOLUTIONARY DOCUMENTS 184
XIV. COUNTY RELATIONS . 197
XV. CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS 212
XVI. THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH 254
XVII. THE METHODIST CHURCH . 267
XVIII. THE UNIVERSALIST CHURCH
XIX. SCHOOLS 272
XX. THE HOLMES PLYMOUTH ACADEMY . 294
XXI. THE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL . 316
XXII. THE LIBRARY 327
XXIII. THE PEMIGEWASSET WOMAN'S CLUB 332
XXIV. POST-ROUTES AND POST-OFFICES 336
XXV. BANKS 347
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER
XXVI. MILLS AND MANUFACTURES
PAGE 352
XXVII. TOPICS . 367
XXVIII. BIOGRAPHY 392
XXIX. LAWYERS
443
XXX. PHYSICIANS 465
XXXI. THE MILITIA . 479
XXXII. THE CIVIL WAR 492
XXXIII.
FRATERNAL SOCIETIES
535
XXXIV. NEWSPAPERS AND PRINTING 549
XXXV.
MISCELLANY
555
INDEX OF SUBJECTS 609
INDEX OF NAMES
613
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PLYMOUTH VILLAGE, FROM SOUTH MOUNTAIN (WALKER HILL), PAGE
1905
Frontispiece
PEMIGEWASSET RIVER, LOOKING NORTH FROM HOLDERNESS BRIDGE 2
PLAN OF PLYMOUTH, ACCORDING TO THE CHARTER 28
MAP OF PLYMOUTH, 1905 48
OLD COURTHOUSE, 1860
188
THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH ON WARD'S HILL, 1830
240
THE METHODIST CHURCH, PLYMOUTH VILLAGE, 1850 260
THE BRICK CHURCH (METHODIST), WEST PLYMOUTH, 1830
260
THE METHODIST CHURCH, 1905
262
THE UNIVERSALIST CHURCH, 1905 . 268
PLYMOUTH HIGH SCHOOL, 1905
290
ATTORNEY'S OFFICE, CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, COURTHOUSE, AND ACADEMY, 1855 312
STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, 1875 318
NEW HAMPSHIRE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, 1905 322
YOUNG LADIES' LIBRARY (OLD COURTHOUSE) 328
NORTH MAIN STREET AND SOUTH MAIN STREET
365
BOSTON, CONCORD, AND MONTREAL RAILROAD OFFICE 378
RAILROAD SQUARE . 380
RUSSELL SQUARE 382
PLYMOUTH VILLAGE, 1856 AND 1883 385
THE PEMIGEWASSET HOUSE, 1860 AND 1905 434
NORTH LANGDON STREET AND SOUTH LANGDON STREET 475
HIGHLAND STREET .
544
HIGHLAND AVENUE
560
THE TOWN HALL, 1905 576
FINAL REPORT OF THE TOWN HISTORY COMMITTEE.
D ISCUSSION among certain citizens concerning the desir- ability of a history of Plymouth led to action by the town, which at the annual meeting, March 12, 1895, upon motion of John Keniston, passed the following vote : ---
" Voted that a history of the town of Plymouth be prepared by and under the direction of a committee of seven members, consisting of the ministers of the three local churches and four other members to be appointed by the selectmen, with the fol- lowing provisos : -
" The board shall organize itself; shall make a brief report of its doings at each annual town meeting; shall be authorized to expend not exceeding fifty dollars annually, the money to be paid by the town from moneys not otherwise appropriated."
Additional sums of money have been appropriated by the town at its annual meetings, and the receipts and expenditures under these appropriations are shown in the printed reports of the treasurer of the committee.
The original ex officio members of the committee were: -
Rev. Frank G. Clark, Congregationalist, Rev. George N. Dorr, Methodist Episcopal, Rev. Noel E. Spicer, Universalist ;
and those appointed by the selectmen were : -
John Keniston, Dean S. Currier,
Dr. Robert Burns,
Frank W. Russell.
xiv
REPORT OF TOWN HISTORY COMMITTEE.
At the first meeting of the committee, April 26, 1895, Frank W. Russell was elected chairman and Dean S. Currier secretary and treasurer.
Rev. Frank G. Clark, upon his removal from town in 1904 was succeeded by Rev. Clinton W. Wilson. Rev. George N. Dorr has been followed by Rev. John A. Bowler, Rev. J. H. Emerson, Rev. Willis M. Cleaveland, Rev. Robert T. Wolcott, and Rev. E. C. E. Dorion. Rev. Noel E. Spicer has given way to Rev. W. A. Williams, and he to Rev. Bernard C. Ruggles. In 1899 Dean S. Currier left Plymouth, and his place as secretary and treasurer has been filled by Wm. G. Hull. Dr. Robert Burns has been absent from Plymouth since the Spanish-American war of 1898, and no appointment to that vacancy has been made.
Soon after its organization the committee distributed blanks for family record to the members and descendants of Plymouth families. These blanks were accompanied by circulars indicating the manner in which they were to be filled out, and referring to various sources of information, but the replies received were few and meagre. It was apparent that if the wish of the town to secure its history was to be realized the task must be confided to one man who was experienced in work of that nature and could devote his entire time to it. In April, 1899, Rev. Moses T. Runnels was engaged as town historian. He had previously shown himself well qualified for the position, his History of Sanbornton being esteemed by competent critics a "Classic " among town histories. Mr. Runnels proved both faithful and able, and he gathered much genealogical material, but his labors were ter- minated by his death in March, 1902. In April, 1902, Rev. John L. Merrill, formerly of Newbury, Vt., but then of Fitchburg, Mass., consented to continue the history, but in a few weeks ill health compelled him to relinquish the undertaking.
In May, 1902, the committee secured the services of Hon. Ezra S. Stearns, now of Fitchburg, Mass., but long a resident of New Hampshire, with the understanding that he was to write a volume of history and to revise and complete the volume of
XV
REPORT OF TOWN HISTORY COMMITTEE.
genealogy and superintend the publication. Mr. Stearns was no novice in an enterprise of this character, being already widely and favorably known as the author of the histories of Rindge, N. H., and Ashburnham, Mass., and the compiler of a revision of the genealogical portion of the History of Littleton, N. H. He at once entered upon his duties with zeal and has performed them with marked ability. In all transactions with Mr. Stearns the committee has found him welcoming suggestion, tolerant of criti- cism, and laudably ambitious to produce a history that would be creditable to him and useful to present and former residents of Plymouth and their posterity. The committee considers that he has accomplished this purpose.
The town having voted at its annual meeting, March 8, 1904, " to authorize the selectmen to guarantee the cost of printing the town history," the committee made a contract, April 25, 1904, with the University Press (John Wilson & Son, Incor- porated) of Cambridge, Mass., to furnish all materials for and print, bind, and deliver one thousand copies of the History of Plymouth, N. H., in two volumes, viz., Vol. I, Narrative, Vol. II, Genealogy.
The payment of all indebtedness upon this contract was guar- anteed by the selectmen (Heber W. Hull, Charles W. George, and William J. Randolph) in accordance with the vote of the town above referred to.
The committee believes that the History of Plymouth as now completed and ready for delivery to purchasers will not suffer by comparison with those of other towns. The record of families is unusually full and given in greater detail than is ordinarily attempted. If briefer mention is made of some persons than their merits would warrant, or if names are missing which should properly appear there, it may be assumed that the necessary information was not furnished by the people who would natu- rally be most interested in doing so. In this connection it may be noted that a list of the taxpayers of Plymouth from 1770 to 1900 and a compilation of the vital statistics of the town from
xvi
REPORT OF TOWN HISTORY COMMITTEE.
1850 to 1900, both of them made by the Misses Hattie and Augusta Sargent of Plymouth, have been filed in the town clerk's office.
Great care has been taken to avoid errors, but the history is not free from them. Many of these have been rectified in the appendix, and the readers of these volumes are earnestly requested to examine the " Corrections and Additions " there found before coneluding that the matter in which they are interested has been wrongly presented or omitted altogether.
As it is not practicable to name every one whose aid has been invoked in the preparation of this history, the committee desires to make a general acknowledgment of its indebtedness to them, and hereby expresses its sincere thanks for the encouragement, assistance, and support it has received during its service from many individuals and from the town of Plymouth.
Respectfully submitted,
FRANK W. RUSSELL, WILLIAM G. HULL, JOHN KENISTON, BERNARD C. RUGGLES, CLINTON W. WILSON, E. C. E. DORION,
Committee.
PLYMOUTH, N. H., Jan. 1, 1906.
HISTORY OF PLYMOUTH, N. H.
I. INTRODUCTION.
P LYMOUTH, one of the shire towns of Grafton County, in New Hampshire, is situated upon the west bank of the Pemigewasset River, which divides the town from Holderness and Ashland. The town is bounded on the north by the western part of Campton, on the south by Bridgewater and Hebron, and on the west by Groton and Rumney. The original grant included a part of Hebron and Alexandria. The changes in the boundaries and area of the township are presented in subsequent chapters. The drainage of the township is through two confluent rivers and eight contributory streams. The Pemigewasset, from the lofty citadels of the north, in swollen torrents proclaims the grandeur of the mountains which give it life, and in the placid waters of summer it murmurs of the sunshine and meadows which gladden its onward course. It rises in Profile Lake, beneath the rugged features of the Old Man of the Mountain, in the midst of the Franconia range, and, flowing through Lincoln, Woodstock, Thornton, and Campton, it forms the eastern boundary of Ply- mouth and joins the Winnepesaukee River at Franklin. The. united rivers become the Merrimack, which flows through peopled towns to the toil of the mills below.
Approaching Plymouth from the northern hills through narrow and rock-walled ravines, the Pemigewasset, ever the servant and master of man, surrenders a part of its narrow valley for roads and railways. Plymouth is rightly designated "The Gateway to the Mountains."
VOL. I .- 1
2
HISTORY OF PLYMOUTH.
Baker's River, gathering the streams at the base of Moosilauke Mountain, in Benton, and receiving affluents from the eastern part of Orford, unites in Wentworth with a branch from Orange. It flows through the southern part of Rumney and the northern part of Plymouth, and empties into the Pemigewasset in the northern part of the village. The railroad from Plymouth to Woodsville is located through Plymouth, Rumney, and Went- worth, near the course of this river.
There are eight brooks in Plymouth, winding like ribbons of silver through the shadows of the forest and the greensward of the meadows. Five of these limpid rivulets, three from the north and two from the south, flow into Baker's River, and three, seek- ing a shorter journey to the eternity of rivers in the sea, are tiny affluents of the Pemigewasset.
Except upon the brook flowing from Loon Pond to Baker's River, the foundations of ancient dams remain upon the banks of all of them. The mills have fallen in decay and have not been restored, but the purling brooks are still running to the sea, and as joyously as in the olden time, when, resting at the dam, they sprightly turned the wheel at the mill, and dashing the foam from their rippling erests went laughing and dancing through the meadows until they were hidden in the bosom of the accumulating river.
After a turbulent and tortuous course through the worn and rocky gorges of the mountains, the Baker's and Pemigewasset rivers placidly glide through Plymouth in a first enjoyment of rest and tranquillity. From the inlet of Baker's River at the line of Rumney to the southern limit of the town, where the Pemige- wasset regretfully passes restful Plymouth, a distance of nearly eight miles, the fall in the level of the river is only twenty-five feet.
The banks of cascades and swift-flowing rivers are rugged and rockbound. The broad and beautiful intervales are spread upon the banks of rivers at rest. The lover of nature, charmed with the beauty of the meadows upon the Pemigewasset, will pro-
PEMIGEWASSET RIVER, LOOKING NORTH FROM HOLDERNESS BRIDGE
3
INTRODUCTION.
nounce them matchless until his enraptured eyes behold the valley of Baker's River and all in Plymouth. In the sunshine of sum- mer and of autumn, when the shadows of flying birds or fleecy clouds, like draperies of spirit form, sweep over the mantle of green, or when the waving blades are shimmering in the russet hues of ripening grain, the genius of prose in the rapture of admiration is dumb. Only the soul of the poet or the brush of the artist can sketch the matchless beauty of the meadows of Plymouth.
Beyond the confines of the fruitful intervales the landscape is dotted with hills of many forms and elevations. Upon the plateaus and the gentle slopes of the hillsides once covered with forests, are substantial houses and farm buildings surrounded by acres of pro- ductive soil. Here have lived, and here are living, real men of Plymouth, useful in life and honored in memory.
Plymouth Mountain, with the name of the town upon its rugged brow, and with its southern slope extending towards Bridgewater, is the highest and most prominent elevation. In the rosy glow . of morning, rejoicing in the earliest rays of the rising sun, the grim old herald of returning days each morning reviews the awakening energies of the town. South and west of the village rise the fair outlines of Thurlow Mountain, Cummings Hill, Pike Hill, and Groton or Tenney Mountain, and all in name and association are texts of local history. Ward Hill, the site of the first and second meeting-houses, is small in stature, but it is here the fathers worshipped and forever it will be a sacred shrine of Plymouth.
From the summit of the near-by elevations are presented charm- ing views of Plymouth village, outlined upon a canvas of meadow and terrace. The church spires, symbols of peace on earth, good- will toward men, the public and business buildings substantial and ornate, and the neat and attractive residences dotting the plain and investing the hillside are embraced by the Pemigewasset winding through the margin of an enchanting picture. Nestling low in the valley, and girded by the everlasting hills, the village
4
HISTORY OF PLYMOUTHI.
has been christened at the fountain of poetic imagery, " The Bird's Nest in the Mountains."
Like a gem encircled with rubies, Plymouth is the centre of surrounding grandeur. From many crested hill-tops, under a sky as blue as the eye of beauty and in the charming drives around the town, the lover of nature is enchanted with an environed landscape of mountain and lake vying with the magic charms of Italy. Wherever nature has rived a panel in the massive gates of distant mountains, opening to his view a panorama of matchless sublimity, -
Often the wayfaring man Would love to linger there Forgetful of the onward road To gaze on scenes so fair.
Walter Mulliken Rogers, whose love for Plymouth is given back to him in the full measure of brotherhood and friendship, responds to a request for a sentiment : -
Plymouth ! lovely, charming, enchanting to my eye in life ; when I shall have shuffled off this mortal coil,
" Shelter my defenceless head 'Neath the shadow of thy wing."
The welcome guest within the gates of Plymouth may light his taper from the flaming love of home burning in the soul of the native born. He, too, will admire the sweep of the river, the charming confusion of hill and plain, of rugged mountains, and meadows in green, but his love cannot surpass the love of him whose summer and winter, whose childhood and age find a deeper meaning and a more charming loveliness in field and in river, in mountain and in meadow. To him at home and at the church, in the school and in the town house, in the store and in the office, on the farm and in the forest, the love of his surroundings has sweetened life and sanctified the aspirations of the soul. To him who loves his native town, the History of Plymouth in New Hampshire is dedicated.
5
CAPTAIN BAKER.
II. CAPTAIN BAKER.
COLONEL SAMUEL PARTRIDGE wrote to Governor Joseph Dudley. The letter was written at Hatfield and was received at Boston. The colonel proposed to the governor " an expedition with about forty men to Coassett." The governor communicated the letter with a message to the Council and Assembly. The Council and Assembly did not know very much about Coassett, but they were pleased with the idea of an expedi- tion. This was in 1711. In 1652 the commissioners of Massa- chusetts followed the course of the river and engraved their initials on the face of the boulder at the Weirs, and it is probable that before 1711 many disconsolate captives had been conducted by the Indians through the Pemigewasset valley, who weary and footsore had pressed the soil of Plymouth. The expedition, how- ever, " with about forty men," is the earliest recorded evidence of the presence of white men in Plymouth. Lieut. Thomas Baker, an adventurous soldier of Northampton, Mass., was selected to command the expedition. In March, 1712, with thirty-two men, he set out on a perilous march through an uninhabited wilderness. It was a mission of exploration of the Coos country. The history of the expedition was not written until many years after the death of the heroes of the exploit. The narratives mainly are fables presenting the first fruits of a lively imagination. It is known that Lieutenant Baker and his men followed the course of the Connecticut River to Piermont or Haverhill, thence turning south- easterly they crossed the heights in Warren and proceeded through Rumney into Plymouth. Here, at the confluence of Baker's and Pemigewasset rivers, they had an encounter with the Indians. The engagement was brief and without loss to the soldiers; the
6
HISTORY OF PLYMOUTH.
party continued their march through Dunstable to Boston, where they arrived in May, 1712.
The following excerpts from the Massachusetts Court and Council Records present the contemporaneous record of the expedition : -
Wednesday, March 12. 1711.
Present in Council
His Excellency Joseph Dudley Esq' Gov!
His Excellency communicated a Letter from Coll. Patridge proposing an Expedition with about Forty Men to Coassett, Wch was also com- municated to the Representatives with his Letter in Answer directing the same, Wch was returned by Cpt. Hunt one of the House with a Signification of their Approbation thereof.
Thursday June 5, 1712.
Present in Council, His Excellency Joseph Dudley Esq' Gov: Wm Tailer Esq: Lieu. Gov:
Resolved that the Sum of Ten Pounds be allowed & paid out of the Publick Treasury to Thomas Baker Commander of a Company of Marching Forces in a late Expedition against the Enemy to Coassett, from thence to the West Branch of Merrimack & so to Dunstable in Behalf of him self & Company for one Enemy Indian besides that which they scalp'd, Wch seems very probable to be slain :
Consented to, J Dudley.
At a Council held at the Council Chamber in Boston upon Tuesday the 10th of June 1712
Present His Excellency Joseph Dudley Esq: Governor The Honble W" Tailer Esqre L: Gov!
Pursuant to the Act for encouraging the prosecution of the Indian Enemy & rebels & the proemium thereby granted of ten pounds p'. Scalp to the regular detached forces under pay for every male Indian by them slain
7
CAPTAIN BAKER.
Pursuant also to a resolve pass'd by the General Assembly in their present session that Lieutenant Thomas Baker Commander of a party of the regular forces on a late expedition through the woods from Deer- field to Coasset & from thence to Dunstable be paid the sum of Ten pounds for himselfe & company for one enemy Indian besides that which they scalped which seems very probable to be slain
Advised & consented That a Warrant be made out to the Treasurer to pay the sd Lieut: Baker for himselfe and company the sum of Twenty pounds for two enemy Indians by them slain the scalp of one being produced.
Present in Council
Wednesday, June 11. 1712 His Excellency Joseph Dudley Esq: Governour William Tailer. Esq: Lieu. Gov!
Upon Reading a Petition of Lieut. Thomas Baker Commander of a Party in a late Expedition to Coassett & over to Merrimack River, Praying a further Allowance for more of the Enemy Indians killed by them than they could recover their Scalps, as Reported by the Enemy them selves : - Concur'd with the Resolve pass'd thercon : Viz, That the Sum of Twenty Pounds be allowed & paid out of the Publick Treasury to the Petitioner & Company : -
Consented to, J Dudley.
At a Council held at the Council Chamber in Boston upon Wednesday the 11th of June 1712
Present His Excellency Joseph Dudley Esq: Governour The Honble Wm Tailer Esq: Lt Gov!
Pursuant to a Resolve passed by the General Assembly at their pres- ent Session that the further sum of twenty pounds be allowed & paid out of the Publick Treasury to Lieut: Thomas Baker & company for enemy Indians by them slain in a late expedition to Coassett & Merri- mack over and above what was before granted
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