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Gc 974.202 M34b 1136949
M. L
GENEALANY COLLECTION
GEN
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01187 9514
James Bateheller
-
HISTORY
OF THE -
TOWN OF MARLBOROUGH,
New Hampshire
CHESHIRE COUNTY, N.H. ·
WITH THE
REPORT OF ITS CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION IN 1876; ALSO EMBRACING GENEALOGIES AND SKETCHES OF FAMILIES FROM 1764 TO 1880.
BY CHARLES A. BEMIS.
History gilds the Present with the Glory of the Past.
BOSTON : PRESS OF GEO. H. ELLIS, 141 FRANKLIN STREET. 188I.
Copyrighted 1881, BY CHARLES A. BEMIS.
PREFACE.
1136949
IN the fall of 1873, I was induced, partly by my own tastes and pleasures, and partly by the earnest request of several citizens and former residents, to commence the collection of items for the History of Marlborough; and now, after more than seven years of labor in this direction, with reluc- tance I lay down my pen, feeling that, though so much time and labor have been spent in the preparation of this work, it is yet imperfect in many of its details. Still I have done the best I could with the material at hand. He who has not entered upon an undertaking of this kind can form no adequate idea of the vast amount of labor required to com- plete it. The work has been delayed beyond expectations and to the disappointment of many ; but it must be remem- bered that the writer is one of that unfortunate class who is dependent on his own hands for support, and therefore has been unable to devote his whole time to this work, as he has received no aid financially.
The town loaned him a sum not exceeding $1,000, which is to be refunded from the sale of the book. Many of the following pages have been compiled at night after toiling ten hours at my handicraft.
I would acknowledge my indebtedness to Hon. Isaac Hammond, Deputy Secretary of State; to Elisha O. Wood- ward and George G. Davis, Town Clerks of Marlborough, who have been most obliging and helpful to me; also to
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PREFACE.
John J. Allen, Registrar of Deeds for Cheshire County, Rev. Dr. Sullivan H. McCollester, Hon. Rufus S. Frost, Charles K. Mason, Jairus Collins, Daniel W. Tenney, and others, who have shown me great kindness and encouragement.
And, now, I respectfully submit these pages to the people of Marlborough, hoping they will be charitably received ; and, if the readers find as much pleasure in perusing, as I have in compiling this volume, I shall feel in some measure repaid for my extreme anxiety and protracted toil.
CHARLES A. BEMIS.
CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION.
Situation and Boundary. - Surface and Geology. - Climate. - Trees and Fruits. - Ponds. - Streams and Brooks. - Zoological History. 1-4.
CHAPTER I.
THE MASONIAN CHARTER.
Land in New Hampshire granted to Capt. John Mason. - New Hamp- shire becomes a Part of Massachusetts. - The Grant to John Tuf- ton Mason confirmed. - New Hampshire becomes a Separate Prov- ince. - Conflict of Titles. - The Masonian Proprietors. - The Curved Line. - Historical Error relative to the Grant of Monad- nock Number Five. - The Charter. - Plan of the Township. - French and Indian War. - New Proprietors. - First Meeting. - Drawing of the Lots. - First Roads. 5-22.
CHAPTER II.
SETTLEMENTS, ETC.
William Barker. - Isaac McAlister. - Silas Fife. - Benjamin Tucker. - First Meeting in the Township. - First Saw-Mill. - First Houses. - First Census .- Delinquent Grantees. - Enoch Hale's Return of Settlements. - First Grist-Mill. - Difficulty of Settling with Pro- prietors' Officers. - Breed Batchellor. - Partial Organization of the Town. - Town incorporated. - Origin of the Name. - First Town- Meeting. - Tithingmen. - Deer-reeves and Hog-reeves. - Inven- tory of Taxable Property. 23-44.
CHAPTER III. REVOLUTIONARY HISTORY.
The American Revolution an Important Event in History. - Condition of the Town at the Commencement of the War. - Result of the
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CONTENTS.
Battle of Concord and Lexington. - Battle of Bunker Hill. - Loss of Arms and Clothing. - Report of the Selectmen. - Expedition against Quebec. - Jacob and Pearson Newell. - The Fourteenth Regiment. - Tories disarmed. - Association Test. - Discharge of Benjamin Goodenow. - Col. Baldwin's Regiment. - Alarm and De- fensive Measures. - Bounties offered. - Battle of Stillwater. - Lieut .- Col. Andrew Colburn. - Alarm at Ticonderoga. - Captain Lewis's Company. - Three Men at the Battle of Bennington. - Eight Men in Col. Moor's Regiment. - Eleven Men in Col. Hale's Regiment. - Report of the Selectmen, 1780. - Men called for, and Measures taken to fill the Quota. - Continental Money. - Letter to the Committee of Safety. - Names of those who served in the Army at Different Times. - Some Account of Soldiers who afterwards became Inhabitants of the Town. - Alexander Fish. 45-70.
CHAPTER IV.
ADOPTION OF THE STATE CONSTITUTION .- WAR OF 1812. - INCORPORATION OF THE TOWNS OF ROXBURY AND TROY.
Articles of Confederation drawn up. - Rejection of the Plan of Gov- ernment by the Town. - Rejection of the Second Plan of Govern- ment. - Amendments offered. - War declared against England. - Ammunition purchased by the Town. - Men called for. - The Draft .- Inspection of the Militia by Col. Prescott. - A Sham Fight. - Roxbury set off. - Troy incorporated. 71-79.
CHAPTER V.
THE CENTRE MEETING-HOUSE.
Charter Stipulations concerning a Meeting-House. - Voted to build a Meeting-House. - Opposition. - Letters from Benjamin Tucker to George Jaffrey. - Building raised. - Measures taken to finish the House. - Description of the Interior .- Phinehas Farrar's Account. - Warming the House. - Members of other Denominations ex- cused from paying the Ministerial Tax. - Use of Meeting-House divided among the several Denominations. - Repairing Meeting- House. - The Bell. - The House forsaken. - It becomes an Object of Contention. - Sold at Auction. - The Purchaser meets with Difficulties. - The Town again becomes the Owner. - The House legally disposed of. - Its Destruction. 80-97.
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CONTENTS.
CHAPTER VI.
ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.
Early Efforts to secure Preaching. - Church formed. - Settlement of Rev. Joseph Cummings. - Difficulties with Mr. Cummings. - His Dismissal. - Protracted Controversy with Mr. Cummings. - Half- way Covenant. - Different Ministers employed. - Rev. Ebenezer Hill. - Halloway Fish called. - His Letter of Acceptance. - Ordina- tion of Mr. Fish. - His Character. - His Death. - Union between Church and Town dissolved. - A Society formed. - Rev. Salmon Bennett. - A New Society - Building of the Brick Church. - Rev. Moses G. Grosvenor. - Rev. Giles Lyman. - Meeting-House en- larged. - A Parsonage built. - Resignation of Mr. Lyman. - Rev. Henry B. Underwood. - Rev. Silas P. Cook. - Rev. John L. Merrill. - Meeting-House repaired and enlarged. - A New Organ. - The Chapel. - The Sabbath-school. 98-126.
CHAPTER VII.
HISTORY OF THE METHODIST, BAPTIST, AND UNI- VERSALIST CHURCHES.
First Methodist Preaching in Town. - A Class formed. - Formation of the Church. - Class Leaders. - A Meeting-House built in Potters- ville. - Removal to Marlborough Village. - A Parsonage built. - Early Preachers. - Lorenzo Dow .- List of Preachers. - Rev. D. S. Dexter. - Baptists first mentioned in Town Records. - They obtain leave to occupy the Meeting-House. - Other Places occupied by them for Worship. - A Society formed. - Names of Ministers em- ployed. - Deacons .- A New Meeting-House. - The Society unable to support Preaching .- They disband. -* Meeting-House sold. - A Universalist Society formed. - Rev. E. Paine. - Sunday-school. - A Library. - A Meeting-House built. - Pastors. - Church formed. - Parsonage. 127-141.
CHAPTER VIII.
SCHOOLS.
The Common Schools of New England. - Lease of the School Land. - Children taught at Home. - First Schools. - Four School Districts. - Money raised for Schools. - School-Houses built. - Eight Dis- tricts. - School-Teachers. - School Money. - Superintending Com- mittee. 142-162.
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CONTENTS.
CHAPTER IX. THE REBELLION.
Marlborough the First Town in the County to respond to the Call for Volunteers. - Three Men in the First Regiment. - Lieut .- Col. Con- verse. - Fourteen Men in the Second Regiment. - Sixth Regiment. - The Fourteenth Regiment. - The Draft. - Amount of Bounties paid. - Natives of Marlborough who enlisted from other Towns 163-167.
CHAPTER X.
MILLS AND MANUFACTORIES.
First Saw-Mills. - Tucker Mill. - Tenney Mill. - Grimes Mill. - Hunt- ing Mill. - Wiswall Mill. - Collins Mill. - Osborne Mill. - Mason Mill. - Grist-Mills. - Fulling-Mills. - Pails. - Clothes-pins and other Wooden Ware. - Knob-screws. - Blanket Mills. - Breed Pond Company. - Machinists. - Blacksmiths. - Tanneries. - Shoe-mak- ers. - Saddlers and Harness-makers. - Brown Earthen-Ware. - Brick. - Granite Quarry. 168-188.
CHAPTER XI. TAVERNS AND STORES.
The First Tavern. - Anecdote. - Taverns previous to 1792. - Old Red Tavern. - Cummings Tavern. - Sweetser Tavern. - Flood Tavern and Others. - The Half-way House. - Marlborough Hotel. - Sweet- ser Store. - Roberson's Store. - Fife Store. - Aaron Gage & Co. - Abner Boyden .- W. & E. Boyden .- Other Stores of the Olden Time. - Union Store. - Present Traders. 189-199.
CHAPTER XII.
PHYSICIANS.
Dr. Justus Perry. - Dr. Kendall Bruce. - Dr. David Carter. - Dr. E. K. Frost. - Dr. James Batcheller. - Dr. Samuel A. Richardson. - Dr. Samuel J. Martin. - Dr. George L. Harrington. 200-211.
CHAPTER XIII. SKETCHES OF PROMINENT INDIVIDUALS.
Charles Cummings. - Cyrus Stone. - Osgood Herrick. - Luther Wis- wall. - Philander Wallingford. - William C. Whitcomb. - Edwin
ix
CONTENTS.
Davis. - Sullivan H. McCollester. - Jairus B. Collins. - Jeremiah Stone. - Timothy L. Lane. - John Q. A. McCollester. - Daniel B. Woodward. - Sumner A. Mason. - Luther Farrar. - Joseph C. Ma- son. - Andrew C. Stone. - John W. Converse. - Justus Perry. - Sumner Wheeler. - Cyrus Wakefield. - Warren H. Wilkinson. - Rufus S. Frost. - William H. Greenwood. - Deacon Abel Baker. 212-266.
CHAPTER XIV.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Monadnock Mountain. - Post-offices. - Libraries. - Odd Fellows. - Cemeteries. - Mortuary Record. - Persons over Eighty, Jan. 1, 1880. - Town Officers. - Governor Vote. - Mirriam Newton's Diary. - Pauperism. - Abatement of Taxes. - Wild Animals. - Alexan- der Fish's Ear. - Anecdotes. 267-317.
CHAPTER XV.
The Centennial Celebration. 318-390.
.
GENEALOGICAL REGISTER.
APPENDIX.
INDEX.
INTRODUCTION.
SITUATION AND BOUNDARY. - SURFACE AND GEOLOGY. - CLIMATE. - TREES AND FRUITS. - PONDS. - STREAMS AND BROOKS. - ZOOLOG- ICAL HISTORY.
SITUATION AND BOUNDARY.
THE town of Marlborough in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, is situated in latitude 42° 54', and longitude 4° 49'. It is bounded on the north by Roxbury; east by Harrisville, Dublin, and Jaffrey ; south by Troy, and west by Troy, Swanzey, and Keene. Its dis- tance from Keene is five miles, from Concord fifty miles, and from Boston ninety-three miles.
SURFACE AND GEOLOGY.
The surface of Marlborough is greatly diversified with hills and valleys. Some portions of it are truly romantic and picturesque. It is almost surprising that within an area of thirteen thousand square acres, there should be such a diversity of highland and lowland, forests, and clearings. With truth we can say that Nature has smiled propitiously upon this town, filling it with her choicest charms and attractions, beauties and sublimities.
Its geological formation is made up mostly of the primitive rock. The outcropping ledges being numerous, are composed of granite. Geology would call ours the "everlasting hills," having existed from the very beginning of the world's history. The drift, or loose formation, is composed largely of silicates. The deposits give evidence of glacial, aqueous, and iceberg action. The grooves cut into the highest ledges, and holes worn into the granite, show the result of long-continued water-action. The minerals consist mainly of granite, gneiss, granular and rose quartz, feldspar, mica, beryl, garnets, and plumbago. The gneiss has been quarried extensively for building purposes. The granite ledges upon the Stone Hill are of great value.
3
2
HISTORY OF MARLBOROUGH.
The sedimentary rocks are made up of sand, clay, and peat. The soil is best adapted to grazing. The farms under good culti- vation yield fair crops of Indian corn, oats, potatoes, rye, and barley. Those who are tilling their farms after modern methods, guided by the science of agriculture, are proving that systematic farming is no humbug, but is certain to result in good buildings, rich fields, fine stock, and independence of living.
CLIMATE.
The air of this town is usually pure possessing tonic properties. The elevation is such that even in the hottest days in July and August it is seldom sultry. Of course the winters are long, and the snows are frequently deep and drifted. The extensive growth of forests, no doubt, has much to do in moderating the air during summer and winter.
TREES AND FRUITS.
Some of the principal forest trees are the oak, beech, birch, sugar-maple, elm, cherry, hemlock, pine, larch, and spruce.
Orchards are quite abundant in Marlborough. The apple and pear trees are sure to yield here, if they do anywhere in this vicinity. The orchardists count largely on the income from their fruit trees.
The peach, cherry, and grape do well here in certain localities. This town is highly favored with wild fruits. The blueberry, huckleberry, blackberry, raspberry, and strawberry are usually plenty in their season. Some years large quantities are shipped to distant markets. It is seldom a season passes without a supply of wild fruit sufficient to meet all home demands.
The flora here is very full. The botanist finds a great variety of plants, all the way from the delicate mosses and ferns in the deep dells to the Alpine flowers upon the highest elevations.
PONDS.
The Stone Pond situated in the east part of Marlborough, is its largest body of water; it is about three-fourths of a mile in length and one-third of a mile in width; its elevation is some two thousand feet above the level of the sea. Its water is clear and sparkling. Its native fish were trout; seventy-five years ago large quantities of them were caught from it, weighing from three to
3
INTRODUCTION.
four pounds each. At length the pond was stocked with pickerel, and the trout since that have nearly disappeared. The pickerel grow to a large size. The yellow perch are now its most abundant fish.
The scenery just around this pond and in the distance can scarcely be surpassed. Were it located in Italy or Switzerland, it surely would have been famous in song and story; it would have been possessed of as many charms and beauties as Luzerne or Como.
The Cummings Pond in the north part of the town, is about three-fourths of a mile long and one-fourth of a mile wide. No doubt it was formerly much larger than at the present time. Trout were once common in this pond, but now pickerel, pouts, and shiners seem to monopolize its waters. Through the ice hundreds of pickerel have been caught from it in a single day.
The Clapp Pond is in the north-east part of the town. It is not as large as the Cummings Pond, but more depressed. Its waters are not so clear as those of the Stone Pond. Its fish consist mainly of pickerel and pouts.
The Meeting-house Pond, near where the old meeting-house stood, occupies an area of one hundred square acres, including the open water and what is grown over with bog. This pond has long been a favorite resort for fishing. Its waters have been prolific of pickerel and catfish.
STREAMS AND BROOKS.
The largest stream is the Minniwawa. Its head waters are in Nelson and Dublin. Flowing through a very broken country, it is subject to sudden rise and fall of water; still, by the means of reservoirs and ponds, it is supplied with power sufficient for exten- sive manufactories of woolen goods, wooden wares, and for grinding grain. With propriety it may be called the mother of our present thriving village. It has been faithful in driving saws, spindles, and millstones so as to supply work for many active minds and busy hands.
Its falls and basin, a short distance above the village, are natural curiosities, of special interest to lovers of the grand and beautiful.
Another stream is known as the South Branch, which is about the size of the Minniwawa. Its current is rapid and its bed very stony. Its waters have been utilized to some extent in propelling lathes and saws.
4
HISTORY OF MARLBOROUGH.
There are several brooks in town, which are supplied with pure cold water, furnishing countless haunts for finny tribes.
ZOOLOGICAL HISTORY.
Though in the early history of this town, bears, wolves, pan- thers, and deer, were numerous, still these all disappeared long since, leaving only traditions of their feats and cruelty. Within the remembrance of some who are living, beavers and minks were quite common, but now it is seldom one is seen or caught. Foxes are numerous ; they seem strongly attached to our hills and dales. They appear to lose none of their sagacity or cunning, as civiliza- tion presses upon them. They evidently enjoy turkeys and chickens with as good relish, as they did pheasants and conies. The woodchucks hold in their possession at present as much real estate as they did fifty or a hundred years ago. In spite of guns, dogs, and traps, they have kept their stock unimpaired and undiminished. Rabbits frequent our glades and thickets. Red, grey, and chippering squirrels inhabit our woods and forests. We are all apprized now and then that skunks are around, and are free to lend their influence to friend or foe. Rats and mice cling to our homes with fondest attachments, assuring us that their race is not yet run.
Hawks whistle and crows caw now as they did, when the whoop of the Indian and the bark of the wolf echoed among the hills and valleys. During some seasons, wild pigeons flock to our fields and woods in large numbers. Ducks swim our ponds, partridges beat our logs and whir through the leafy boughs, and the owls hoot as they did, when the axe of the early settlers first rang from our highlands and by our streams. The robin, the oriole, the bluebird, the phebe, the wren, the lark, the bobolink, the nightingale, the thrush, the ground-bird, the hair-bird, the king-bird, and the humming-bird, are with us every year to furnish change and enchantment.
CHAPTER I.
THE MASONIAN CHARTER.
LAND IN NEW HAMPSHIRE GRANTED TO CAPT. JOHN MASON. - NEW HAMPSHIRE BECOMES A PART OF MASSACHUSETTS. - THE GRANT TO JOHN TUFTON MASON CONFIRMED. - NEW HAMPSHIRE BECOMES A SEPARATE PROVINCE. - CONFLICT OF TITLES. - THE MASONIAN PROPRIETORS. - THE CURVED LINE. - HISTORICAL ERROR RELA- TIVE TO THE GRANT OF MONADNOCK, NO. V. - THE CHARTER. - PLAN OF THE TOWNSHIP. - FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. - NEW PROPRIETORS. - FIRST MEETING. - DRAWING OF THE LOTS. - FIRST ROADS.
DURING the reign of King James I. of England, a council was established which had the control of a large territory including all of New England. One of the most active members of this council was Capt. John Mason who was born at Lynn Regis, in the County of Norfolk, England, about the year 1570.
Soon after his appointment as a member of this council, he was chosen their secretary. Finding himself thus placed in the front rank of those who were interested in promoting discoveries and encouraging settlements in North America, he determined not only to countenance these enterprises, but also to embark his fortunes and devote his time to the business.
In March, 1621, he procured from the council a grant of land which included a portion of New Hampshire lying east of the Merrimac River. In 1629, the council granted to Capt. Mason all the land "from the middle of Piscataqua River, and up the same to the farthest head thereof, and from thence north-westward until sixty miles from the mouth of the harbor are finished; also through Merrimac River to the farthest head thereof, and so forward up into the land westward until sixty miles are finished; and from thence to
6
HISTORY OF MARLBOROUGH.
cross overland to the end of sixty miles accounted from the mouth of Piscataqua River." This grant is connected with the history of Marlborough, as it was for many years sup- posed that the patent line was the western boundary of the town.
This tract of land was called New Hampshire, the name being derived from the County of Hampshire in England. Soon after this grant was obtained, the towns of Ports- mouth, Dover, Hampton, and Exeter, were laid out; but the attempts at settlement were not successful. Capt. Mason died, November 16, 1635, leaving the greater part of his estate in New Hampshire to his grandson, Robert Tufton, taking the name of Mason. In 1638, the widow of Capt. Mason, who was executrix of his will, sent over Francis Norton as her "general attorney," to whom she committed the whole management of the estate. But the expense so far exceeded the income that she was soon obliged to give up the care of the plantation and tell the servants that they must shift for themselves; and they immediately took their share of the goods and cattle.
These servants were Danes, and it may truly be said that they were the pioneers of the great lumber business of New Hampshire and Maine. In 1641, all the settlements in New Hampshire, by a voluntary act, submitted to Massa- chusetts, and were comprehended in the County of Norfolk, which extended from the Merrimac to the Piscataqua River. This union lasted about forty years ; and although it was noticed by the heirs of Mason, yet they were pre- vented from taking any legal action in regard to it, for reason of the civil war then raging in England.
As the family of Mason had always been attached to the royal cause, they could expect no favors during the Protectorate of Cromwell; but no sooner was Charles II. restored to the throne than Robert Tufton Mason peti- tioned to the crown for a restoration of his rights. This petition was referred to Sir Geoffrey Palmer, the Attorney- General, who reported that "Robert Mason, the grandson and heir of Capt. John Mason, had a good and legal title
7
THE MASONIAN CHARTER.
to the province of New Hampshire." Nothing effective, however, was done to restore to him his claim.
In 1680 New Hampshire was by royal commission sepa- rated from Massachusetts and made a distinct province. The new government consisted of a president and council appointed by the king, and a house of representatives chosen by the people.
At this time the whole number of voters in the province was two hundred and nine, all in the four towns of Ports- mouth, Dover, Exeter, and Hampton. In the first Assembly the whole number of representatives was eleven, -three each from Portsmouth, Dover, and Hampton, and two from Exeter.
In the latter part of the year 1681, Mason came over from England, empowered by the king to take a seat in the council. He now attempted to enforce his claims in an arbitrary manner, by compelling the people to take leases of him ; but his claims were resisted, not only by the people, but by the officers of the government : and, finding that he had lost all countenance and support from the council, he returned to England. After this he made several attempts to compel the people to take leases of him, but was unsuc- cessful.
He then commenced suits against several prominent men for holding lands and selling timber; and in these cases. although a verdict was obtained in his favor, yet he could find no purchaser for his lands, and the defendants were ' permitted to enjoy them as before.
In 1688, Mason died leaving two sons, John and Robert, heirs to the claim. They soon sold their right to Samuel Allen of London for £750. Allen attempted to enforce his claims, but met with no better success than his prede- cessors. At last, Allen being poor and somewhat advanced in years, proposed to compromise, but died before any definite action was taken.
His son, Thomas Allen, renewed the suits, but died in 1715 without establishing his claim. When the province was sold to Allen the bargain was made in England, and
8
HISTORY OF MARLBOROUGH.
the lands were by fiction of law supposed to be there, and the process respecting the fine and recovery was carried on in the court of the king's Bench.
During the lives of the two Masons, no notice was taken of the supposed flaw. The brothers returned to America. John died childless; Robert married and had a son named John Tufton Mason who after the death of his father, con- ceived hopes of invalidating Allen's claims, on account of the informality attending the purchase, but died in 1718, without having accomplished his purpose. He left two sons. John Tufton Mason and Thomas Tufton Mason. John Tufton Mason, the elder of the two brothers, became of age about the year 1738, at the time when the controversy between the provinces respecting the southern boundary of New Hampshire was renewed and brought to a crisis.
While this dispute was pending, the agent of New Hamp- shire, Thomlinson made an agreement with Mason in behalf of that province for the purchase of his whole interest, for one thousand pounds, New England currency. This agree- ment was put into the hands of the governor who laid it before the House. It lay on the table for some time without any formal notice. In the meantime Mason had suffered a fine and recovery in the courts of New Hampshire, by which he could convey his interest in fee.
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