USA > New Hampshire > Hillsborough County > Wilton > History of the town of Wilton, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, with a genealogical register > Part 1
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HISTORY
OF THE
TOWN OF WILTON,
HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, NEW HAMPSHIRE,
WITH
GENEALOGICAL REGISTER
BY
ABIEL ABBOT LIVERMORE AND
SEWALL PUTNAM.
"And it shall be said, this and that man was born in her."-Psalm lxxxvii: 5.
"The township of New England possesses two advantages which strongly excite the interest of mankind: namely, independence and authority."-De Tocqueville.
LOWELL, MASS. : MARDEN & ROWELL, PRINTERS. 1888.
174.2a
PREFACE.
We offer to the good people of Wilton, and to those of Wilton origin elsewhere, the following summary of its history. It has been a work of love and patriotic interest, not of pecuniary profit. To colleet the widely seattered materials and weave them into a con- sistent order and completeness, has been a long and perplexing labor, little understood or appreciated except by those engaged in a similar task. The unexpected delay in the publication of the book beyond the time previously announced, has been due to causes ont of our control.
We gratefully acknowledge the aid afforded us by I. S. Lincoln, A. E. Tracy, G. C. Trow, E. E. Buekle, A. Abbot, G. L. Das- combe, C. H. Burns, E. H. Spalding, I. S. Whiting, and by others of Wilton ; also by E. D. Boylston of Amherst, R. M. Wallace of Milford, I. W. Hammond of Concord, G. N. Gage of Washington, D. E. Adams of Southborough, Massachusetts, W. F. Abbot of Worcester, Massachusetts, A. M. Pendleton of Milford. S. B. Stewart of Lynn, Massachusetts, A. N. Burton of Boston, Mrs. A. S. Allan of Marion, Maine, W. Barrett of Minneapolis, Min- nesota, F. E. Abbot of Cambridge, Massachusetts, E. D. Putnam of Montpelier, Vermont, U. Smith of Battle Creek, Michigan, E. Brown of Lowell, A. Abbot of the Isle of Wight, England, and by many others, in supplying information and making suggestions for the work. We are greatly indebted to H. Wood. Jr., of Lowell. for his efficient aid rendered us in the publication of the book by his careful proof reading, preparation of copy, and his clear and systematie method of arranging the genealogieal tables.
5
m
iv.
PREFACE.
We would also acknowledge the generous encouragement given the undertaking by the town of Wilton at successive public meetings and by pecuniary appropriations. The committee of' publication, M. Clark, E. G. Woodman and F. M. Pevey, have rendered important assistance, without which the book would have lacked some of its most interesting features. The printers, Messrs. Marden & Rowell, proprietors of the Lowell Courier, are entitled to our grateful recognition for the skill and care with which they have fulfilled their part in the publication. The Boston Heliotype Company also deserve our thanks for the valuable services they have rendered by their beautiful art.
During the year 1889 a century and a half will have passed since the territory now known by the name of Wilton was first settled by our forefathers. Let us hope that this important anni- versary in our history will not be suffered to go by without such a celebration as befits its interest to every class of our citizens.
A. A. LIVERMORE. SEWALL PUTNAM.
SEPTEMBER 1, 1888.
*
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
PAGE. The Topography of the Town, its Geology, Streams. Hills, Terri- torial Limits, Scenery and Climate 1
CHAPTER H.
Flora and Fauna
12
CHAPTER III.
Indians
17
CHAPTER IV.
Proprietary History. Salem-Canada, Number Two. Incorporation of Wilton. Slip added to Temple . 21
CHAPTER V.
The Early Settlers
41
.
CHAPTER VI.
Town Institutions .
.
45
CHAPTER VII.
Manners and Customs
.
55
CHAPTER VHI.
Colonial Doings. The Charter. A Provincial Tax-Warrant. Ex- tracts from Town Records . . . 67
CHAPTER IX.
The Revolutionary War
CONTENTS. vii.
CHAPTER X.
PAGE.
Roads and Bridges . 109
CHAPTER XI.
Mail Routes and Carriers. Staging. Post Offices and Postmaster. 114
CHAPTER XII.
Societies. Lodges, Grange and Army Post
118
CHAPTER XIII.
Churches and Ecclesiastical Affairs
128
CHAPTER XIV.
Schools, Sunday Schools, College Graduates, Professional Men, Authors and Inventors
143
CHAPTER XV.
Libraries, Reading Room and Reading Club
156
CHAPTER XVI.
161
Mills, Manufactures and Industries
CHAPTER XVII.
174
Pauperism and Insanity
CHAPTER XVIII.
181
Crime and Punishment
CHAPTER
XIX.
Fires, Floods and Casualties
.
CHAPTER XX.
Temperance, Hygiene, Epidemics, Longevity and Mortality .
189
CHAPTER XXI.
Burial Places and Cemeteries
193
CHAPTER XXII. 197
Militia and Fire Department
.
. . 184
vini.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXIII. The Last War with England and the Rebellion 203
CHAPTER XXIV.
Social Amusements, Festivals and Celebrations
213
CHAPTER XXV.
Town Houses .
219
CHAPTER XXVI.
Stores. Trade and the Milk Business .
227
CHAPTER XXVII.
Census and Statistics
. 231
CHAPTER XXVIII.
Old Relies, Reminiscences and Diaries . 234
CHAPTER
Biographical Sketches .
252
CHAPTER
Genealogies of Families
296
APPENDIX
558
ADDITIONAL GENEALOGIES
565
CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS
567
INDEX
571
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Plot of the Town
Facing page 8
Sewall Putnam, Putnam genealogy (213)
..
66
24
George I. Doe's Residence
32
Livermore House
.: 48
Harvey A. Whiting, Whiting gen. (63)
56
N. D. Foster's Residence
.6
64
David Wilson, David Wilson gen. (1)
..
72
Wilton Mill. See page 171 .
80
Lubim B. Rockwood. See page 291
88
Daniel Cragin's Residence . . .
..
96
Eliphalet Putnam, Putnam gen. (130)
104
Sarah W. Livermore, Livermore gen. (14)
112
Old Meeting-House, 1775-1859 .
128
Daniel E. Adams, Adams gen. (1)
136
Warren Burton. See page 289
..
144
George L. Dascombe. See page 292
..
152
Elbridge G. Woodman, Woodman gen. (1)
.. 168
1. Sumner Lincoln, Lincoln gen. (2)
176
George Brown.' See page 290 .
184
Ephraim Brown. See page 290
200
David Whiting's Residence .
208
Charles H. Burns. See page 273
216
Town Hall and Library .
224
David Whiting. See page 275
..
232
William A. Burton, Burton gen. (111)
..
240 248
Thomas Beede. See page 253 .
..
256
Solomon K. Livermore. See page 280
..
264
Joseph Newell. See page 277
..
272
Daniel Cragin. See page 281 .
280
Ephraim Peabody. See page 288
..
288
Joseph Hale Abbot. See page 293 Jacob Putnam's Residence .
304
Ezra Abbot, Abbot gen. (215) .
..
312
Harvey A. Whiting's Residence
320
Jonathan Burton, Burton gen. (56) .
328
Andrew N. Burton, Burton gen. (64)
.. 336
H. Newton Gray. See page 283
296
ILLUSTRATIONS.
xi.
Moses Clark, Moses Clark gen. (1)
Facing page 344
David Cram, David Cram gen. (1)
66
.6 360
Moses Clark's Residence .
368
Timothy Gray, Gray gen. (38)
..
384
Charles Hesselton, Hesselton gen. (34)
..
400
Abiel Abbot Livermore, Livermore gen. (18)
.6
416 424
Asa Jones, Joel Jones gen. (2)
..
432
Moses Lovejoy, Moses Lovejoy gen. (12)
..
440
Theron Russell, Russell gen. (41)
66
..
456
Franklin M. Pevey, Pevey gen. (20)
464
Aaron K. Putnam, Putnam gen. (114)
66
480
Jacob Putnam, Putnam gen. (254)
66
496
John F. Russell, Russell gen. (36)
66
66 504
Samuel Sheldon, Sheldon gen. (22)
66
512
Asa Stiles, Stiles gen. (30) .
66
520
Abiel Abbot, Abbot gen. (221)
66
528
Hermon Abbot, Abbot gen. (400)
536
Zebadiah Abbot, Abbot gen. (426)
544
George I. Doe. See page 556
66
.6
552
-
1
66
Jonathan Livermore, Livermore gen. (16)
. 6 448
Hermon Pettengill, Pettengill gen. (29)
472
Caleb Putnam, Putnam gen. (182)
488
George O. Whiting, Whiting gen. (70)
66 352
William Emerson, Emerson gen. (1)
THE HISTORY OF WILTON.
CHAPTER I.
THE TOPOGRAPHY OF THE TOWN. ITS GEOLOGY, STREAMS, HILLS, TERRITORIAL LIMITS, SCENERY AND CLIMATE.
THE town of Wilton is situated in the southwest part of the county of Hillsborough, state of New Hampshire, in latitude 42° 50' north, and in longitude 5° 8' east from Washington, D. C. The town was surveyed into ten ranges of twenty lots each, making two hundred lots. Had the survey been perfectly accurate. that is, the ranges one hundred and sixty rods wide, and the lots eighty rods long, the town would contain sixteen thousand acres, equal to twenty-five square miles. But streams and irregularities of surface give opportunity for some variations, though small, from an abso- Inte standard.
When the Masonian proprietors made their grants, one hundred and thirty-five lots were drawn to the grantees. fifty-four lots to the grantors, and eleven lots to public uses, riz. : two for mills, three for the first minister, three for a ministerial fund, and three for schools ; in all, two hundred lots of eighty acres each. But August 26, 1768, a range of lots, half a mile wide, was set off to the ad- joining town of Temple, on the west, leaving Wilton an oblong parallelogram, seventeen hundred rods long from north to south, and fifteen hundred rods wide from east to west.
Wilton lies eighteen miles from Nashua, forty from Concord, thirty from Keene, and fifty-eight from Boston, Massachusetts. It is bounded on the north by Lyndeborough, on the east by Lynde- borough and Milford, on the south by Mason and Greenville, and on the west by Temple.
2
HISTORY OF WILTON.
Its geological formation is chiefly granite, gneiss, schist, sienite, and quartz, making a very neven surface and hard but strong soil, well adapted to grass and grain and the more hardy fruits : rising into lofty hills, which crop out with extensive ledges, and sinking into deep valleys. the beds of whose streams are filled with bonlders. large and small.
There are but few plains, or patches of sandy ground. The original forest growth was very thick and heavy, and indicated generally a deep, rich soil. The most valuable mineral products are clay. suitable for making brick, and beds or large boulders of granite, capable of being worked for building materials.
Only a small portion of the town is covered by water, and there are no waste lands. There are no lakes or ponds, except artificial ones to create water power.
THE SOUHEGAN AND ITS TRIBUTARIES.
The principal stream of the town deserves some notice. Sonhegan is an Indian name. from susheke, signifying a plain, and means, there- fore, " River of the Plains." Another derivation is from the Indian word souhegenor, meaning crooked. Its southern branch starts from the reservoir in Ashburnham, Massachusetts, and passes through Ward and Watatic Pouds in Ashby, till it meets its northern branch, Howing from Pratt Pond and other sources in the west part of New Ipswich, when it takes the dignity of a river, passes through Green- ville. receiving various small tributaries from Temple and Wilton, till it reaches the Intervale, so called, where it is joined by Gambol Brook, a considerable stream that rises in Temple and unites two branches at West Wilton. Blood's Brook and south branch. At East Wilton the Souhegan receives a new accession from the north, called Stony Brook, and then flowing through Milford and Amherst enters the Merrimack River in the town of Merrimack. Its whole length is about thirty miles, and Mr. Ephraim Brown computes its descent in Wilton alone at two hundred and sixty-two feet from where it enters the town from Greenville and leaves it at Milford. Its water power, therefore. is very great, and is put to use at various points, but is capable of much greater application to manufacturing pur- poses. Its liability to violent freshets, however, especially when the ice breaks up in the spring, makes it difficult to control it with dams and mills. These have often been swept away by floods. It is a tradition that in early times alewives, shad and salmon pelle- trated as high up the river as Greenville.
3
TOPOGRAPHY.
The Souhegan enters the town from the south from Greenville about eighty to one limdred rods east of the southwest corner of Wilton, and flows in a general northeasterly direction till it enters Milford, but it has a very winding channel with high hills on each side.
Indian foot-paths were found along its banks by the early settlers or explorers.
It has been conjectured that three considerable lakes occupied the Souhegan valley: the lower one from the bridge at French Village to the Haselton place : the second from there to the Eaton ridge ; the third and largest above the Eaton ridge towards Greenville.
HILLS AND FALLS.
The bold sand-hill bluffs at various points, especially along the Souhegan and Gambol valleys, indicate the places where the great eddies of the main current left their deposits when immense streams filled these channels to their brim, after the glacial period in the history of the earth gave way to a warmer temperature.
Owing to the granite formation there are no actually perpendicular falls or cascades in town, as in limestone formations, but in several instances there are rapids of considerable height and interest, as Barnes's Falls, on a branch of Stony Brook. Pot holes and basins, worn in the ledges, are found at such rapids.
While there are no mountains proper in Wilton, there are many high hills, commanding wide prospects, and separated by deep valleys. Such are Abbot Hill, in the southeast part of the town, a long, broad elevation, sloping up gradually from the bed of the Souhegan : Kimball's Hill and Mansur's Hill, on the southwest, the highest elevations in town : Russell's or Lone-Tree Hill : Beede's Hill, near the centre ; Flint's Hill, in the northwest ; Bales's Hill, in the northeast part of the town. All are high eminences, commanding a complete view of the basin which centres in the town, formed by the Temple, New Ipswich and Lyndeborough Mountains, called the Pack, or Petit Monadnock.
CLIMATE.
The climate of Wilton is the climate of New England on its northern hills and mountains-a long, severe winter, usually with high winds and deep drifting snows, a short and checkered spring, a hot and luxuriant summer, and a brilliant autumn with the foliage
4
HISTORY OF WILTON.
turned to brown, crimson and gold. Its climate is one of extremes of heat and cold, but vivid and picturesque, with the drifting snows of winter, the green herbage and foliage of summer, and the gor- geous hues of autumn, and is stimulating to body and mind. In the early history of the town autumn and spring were more nearly merged into winter and summer. The snows fell into deep forests, where they lay comparatively uninfluenced by sun or wind until a late spring when the sun was high. Then overflowing freshets rushed down the hills and mountains, and filled the valleys, sweeping everything before them, and summer suddenly burst upon the land.
Then, too, the transition from summer to winter was not less rapid, and not seldom the fruits of field and orchard were surprised by sudden frosts and snows. But since the heavy forests have been largely cut down, or have been succeeded only by slight second growths of young trees, and the surface has been more exposed to the direct sun and wind, the seasons have become more changeable and finetnating, and rapid extremes of cold and heat succeed one another. The cutting down of the dense forests has dried up the smaller brooks and meadows, causing severe droughts, and opening the way for the more rapid descent of the rains and melted snows into the water courses, and sudden and more injurious floods, as in the disastrous freshet of October, 1869.
But if we take all the features of the climate into consideration, we shall come to the conclusion that it is fitted to develop a hardy, vigorous and long-lived race of people, with great activity and endurance of body and mind. Of late years, too, a marked social change has come, and many people from the cities and the sea- board annually resort to the hills and mountains of New England for health and invigoration in the summer months. From one to two hundred boarders find accommodations in Wilton at some period during the warm season, and enjoy its healthful air, its charming drives and walks and its beautiful scenery, while not a few build here tasteful country cottages for their homes nearly half the year. This blending of the advantages of country and city life is working. we may believe, beneficial changes in various directions. Fresh health and vigor are ponred into the city, and the taste and re- finement of the great centres of wealth, business, and society are given back in generous measures to adorn the life of the country. Each gives and each takes, and reciprocity is the commanding law of human society.
5
CLIMATE.
The following extraet is from the Centennial pamphlet of 1839, page 26 :
True, here in New England. and especially here in Wilton. nature has lavished her fairest scenes, and breathed from the Most High the breath of life into our souls. Yes, blessed be these hills and valleys for the choice. sweet influences they have shed upon the young communities springing up here. Blessed be these granite mountains, that stand like vast citadels of safety around the blue ring of the horizon, and, gilded by the glories of the setting sun, carry up the thoughts to sublimity and God. Blessed be the fair skies which bend over us here with all their sparkling hosts of light and glory. Blessed be the pure breezes which sing from the north- western hills, and bear health and exhilaration on their wings. But thrice blessed be our homes : our homes, where love and happiness wove a charm and a spell for our hearts, never, never to be unloosed. There " heaven lay about us in our infancy." The blue sky was more dear to us because it arched proudly over the cherished roof of home. The sun and wind and snow and rain were loved because they brought their treasures and laid them at the feet of our sanctuary. The forests and vales and roaring brooks have been sweet in association from this great central attraction.
TOPOGRAPHY OF WILTON : BY ABIEL ABBOT.
The town of Wilton, in latitude 42° 50' and longitude 71° 46 W. of Greenwich, is bounded north by Lyndeborough, east by Lynde- borough and Milford. south by Mason and Greenville, and west by Temple. By the original grant the town was "five miles square." It was divided by survey into ten ranges, half a mile wide, running across the town from south to north, and numbered from one at the east to ten at the west ; and each range divided into twenty lots, a half mile long from east to west, and one-fourth of a mile wide. containing eighty acres, and numbered from one at the south to twenty at the north. Such was the plan and intention.
But the town was of irregular surface and covered with a dense forest, and in the actual survey errors were made, so that the lots differ in size, some being twice the size of others. When the town of Temple was incorporated, Wilton was called upon to part with its tenth range, which was annexed to Temple. The original sur- veyors, however, had given good measure, and by later surveys of the town lines, Wilton is found to contain an area equal to nearly or quite "five miles square," or about 16,000 acres.
Wilton has neither mountains, nor plains, swamps, or natural ponds worth notice ; but consists mostly of large swells of land, separated by pleasant valleys along the streams. Its superfluous waters are
6
HISTORY OF WILTON.
gathered almost wholly into the Souhegan River, which. coming from Ashburnham, Massachusetts, through New Ipswich and Greenville, enters Wilton near its southwest corner, and has a northieasterly winding course of about six and three-fourths miles through the town to the Milford line. It falls within the town about two hundred and thirty feet, and the lowest land in town is at its outlet, one-half mile east from East Wilton.
Several mill streams, besides smaller ones. flow into the Souhegan. The Gambrel or Gambol Brook comes from Temple. receives at West Wilton a stream from Temple called Blood Brook, or in old writing's Bear Brook, and thence has a southeasterly course of nearly three miles into the Souhegan about two and one-half miles above East Wilton. Rocky River or Stony Brook, from Lyndeborough, flows southeasterly about three miles, and joins the Souhegan at East Wilton. The stream sometimes called Mill Brook issues from Burton Pond in Lyndeborough, unites with the Whiting Brook from Temple, and flows southeasterly three miles or more in Wilton, through Davisville, over the often-visited Barnes's Falls, of forty-five or fifty feet descent, and into Rocky River below the Dale Bridge.
Each of these streams furnishes power to several mills and mechanical establishments, and yet but a small part of their power is used : the most of it goes to waste. More than twenty bridges cross, these streams : two of iron, several of stone, arched, the others of wood. The streams. ordinarily so gentle and useful and delightful, sometimes swell to mighty torrents, doing much damage besides carrying off bridges, some of which have been repeatedly destroyed, and rebuilt at great expense to the town.
The early inhabitants settled mostly on the hills, where many of the best farms are situated ; and consequently the early roads were made to climb over the hills from house to house, with here and there long and steep ascents and descents. And these roads appear to have satisfied the wants of the people pretty well for many years. But at length, about 1820, the growth of business and corresponding increase of travel and transportation in and through the town began to call urgently for new roads, more level or more direct, and especially along the above streams. Accordingly, during the next twenty or thirty years the town constructed new roads, one after another, some at heavy expense, to the extent of twenty miles or more. These hill and valley roads now furnish ready access to all parts of the town, and delightful drives to those who enjoy passing
7
TOPOGRAPIIY.
through ever-changing scenery, or seek the more extensive and in- spiring views to be obtained on mounting the hilltops. To the west and southwest the view is bounded by the fine horizon made by the Pack Monadnock range of mountains with Mounts Watatie and Wachuset farther sonth. in Massachusetts. Northwest and north are seen Lovell Mountain in Washington, the Lyndeborough Mountains, and over beyond them the tips of Crotched Mountain in Francestown. To the northeast appear the Joe English and Uncanoonnes, and far to the east the Blue Hills in the eastern part of New Hampshire. Southeast and south the eye ranges over the counties of Middlesex and Worcester. in Massachusetts.
The following are results of leveling in 1849 and 1850. by John Il. Abbot :
Height in fect.,
The surface of Souhegan River. when low. at the junction of Rocky
River, being
Pond at the Iron Bridge. French Village 109.7 132.2
Under the Great Bridge
At Deacon Gray's Bridge spot 156.3"
Forty rods below the Burnham house (since burnt )
Arch Bridge 2927;'
Upper Pond. in Greenville 198.8;
Pratt Pond 358.6
Road at corner near J. D. Wilson's 273.5
Road near Thurston's house 134
Guide Stone at Gray's corner 129
South plank of the Great Bridge 125
River Hill (63 rods long, and rises 135 feet, averaging an angle of 7 degrees from horizontal). its top is 260.2
Road opposite H. Frye's house
331.3
Road opposite P. Gage's house 152.8
Summit of road north of Z. Abbot's house 556.5
Road opposite JJ. F. Russell's house
Harris Abbot's north door-stone 515.8
Summit of road at Captain Clark's house -183.2
Top of Abbot Hill, east of Z. Abbot's house 590
The top of Thomas Russell's chimney, top of Bridges Hill and top of S. Kimball's chimney are level with the top of Abbot 1lill. Deacon' Barrett's Hill is one or two feet lower.
These levels are approximate, and may vary From three to tive feet.
Altitudes above sea level in Boston harbor. (From Hitchcock's Geology of New Hampshire, Part I.) :
Height in feet.
Top of rails in Boston and Lowell depot, Boston 11
.. . . .. Lowell 99
HISTORY OF WILTON.
Ileight in feef.
Top of rails in Nashma
135
.. near Danforth's Corner *256
..
.. ". East Wilton Depot 328
.. in Manchester, centre of depot 181
· Concord. centre of depot 282
Concord State House
27.2
Main street. East Wilton
*330)
Church in Wilton
*614
Town of Temple *720
Hay seales in New Ipswich
941
Railroad at Greenville 803
Railroad in east part of Mason *700
Brookline Village *400 Hollis Village *300
Amherst Court House 427
Mont Vernon
*770
Near hotel. in Greenfield
Peterborough 744
Keene
479
East Jaffrey
1032
Monadnock Mountain 3186
Peterborough Mountain 2289
Peterborough Notch. or Gap 1457
Temple Mountain *1755 Spofford Gap 1465
Kidder Mountain *1492
Barrett Mountain. New Ipswich 1847
Barrett Hill. Greenville 1271
Uneanoonne Mountain. east peak 1333
Kearsarge Mountain. Warner 2943 Mount Washington 6293
Lake Connectient 1619
White Mountain Notch . 1914
Franconia Notch *2014
Winnepisiogee Lake 500
GEOLOGY OF WILTON : BY SEWALL PUTNAM.
From the Report of the State Geologist of New Hampshire. Professor C. H. Hitchcock, we copy what we find relating to the geology of Wilton. In the section, " Hooksett Range of Quartz," on Page 541, Volume II., after tracing the several locations into Lyndeborough, the report says :-
Irregularities in the direction are to be expected in Lyndeborough. since the trend of the rock at Patch's, if continued, would carry the ledge
* Cannot be relied upon as exact. The others are accurate.
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