USA > New Hampshire > Cheshire County > Sullivan > A history of the town of Sullivan, New Hampshire, 1777-1917, Volume I > Part 52
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Peter Gilman of Exeter was appointed a Brigadier General by Hon. John Wentworth, the last of the royal governors, about 1773. He was an old man and his loyalty was suspected. In fact he even suffered arrest and imprison- ment by the "patriots " under the new state government. His official duties terminated when Maj. Gen. Nathaniel Folsom of Exeter was appointed as the " General Officer " of the militia, Aug. 24, 1775. After the war, the state militia was brigaded and, on Dec. 25, 1784, Brig. Gen. Benjamin Bellows of Walpole was commissioned and placed at the head of the brigade in this part of the state. He was succeeded, Sept. 13, 1786, by Brig. Gen. Jonathan Chase of Cornish, and he, Sept. 29, 1791, by Brig. Gen. Amos Shephard of Alstead. After the new constitution of 1792 went into effect, in the following year, the state was divided into six brigades. The militia in this vicinity were in the " 5th Brigade." The Brigadier Generals of this brigade were the following, with their dates of ap- pointment : George Aldrich of Westmoreland, Mar. 27, 1793; Amasa Allen of
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Walpole, Sept. 27, 1796; Philemon Whitcomb of Swanzey, June 12, 1806; Elisha Huntley of Marlow, June 9, 1808; Oliver Hastings of Charlestown, June 15, 1812; John Quinby of Springfield, May 16, 1817; Simeon Cobb, 2d, of West- moreland, July 5, 1822 ; Samuel Griffin of Nelson, June 12, 1824; Wm. Carey of Lempster, June 18, 1825 ; Justus Perry of Keene, June 30, 1826 ; Erastus Glidden of Unity, July 1, 1829; Nathan Emery of Croydon, June 19, 1832 ; James Wilson, Jr., of Keene, June 27, 1835 (Samuel McCrae, appointed, June 22 of that year, declined to serve) ; Charles L. Newton of Grantham, June 29, 1838; Edward Wyman of Newport, Oct. 2, 1840 (Noah Place, appointed June 12 of that year, declined to serve) ; Ezekiel Porter Pierce, Jr., of Chesterfield, June 20, 1844 ; Erastus Dickinson of Winchester, June 24, 1848; Daniel W. Bill of Gilsum, July 12, 1850. Brig. Gen. Bill was the last brigadier general while the old militia continued to do active duty.
Previous to Aug. 24, 1775, all the militia in this part of New Hampshire, including all in what became the old Cheshire County in 1771, were in one regi- ment; known as the 6th Regiment of N. H. Militia. The only colonel which the regiment ever had was Josiah Willard of Winchester, who lost his position on the date named because he was a "tory." He was father of Major Josiah Willard of Keene, also a tory, who refused to sign the Association Test, and grandfather of Lockhart Willard, the first treasurer of Sullivan, who lived a short time at 74 (see map). On Aug. 24, 1775, Willard's regiment was divided into two. A part, subsequently known as the 13th Regiment, was assigned to Samuel Ashley of Winchester as colonel, and the other part, known as the 21st Regiment, to Benjamin Bellows of Walpole as colonel. These organizations continued through the Revolution and until Dec. 25, 1784. A few of the boys in our infant settlement were in the old "6th" under Col. Willard. After the division, they were in the old " 13th " under Col. Ashley. Colonels Ashley and Bellows both served through the Revolution in the army, and we have already seen that several boys from this settlement served with them, the militia proper in this place belonging to the regiment of Col. Ashley.
From Dec. 25, 1784 until March 27, 1793, there was a different arrangement of the regiments. The one known as the "6th Regiment " included the men belonging to Richmond, Winchester, Swanzey, Keene, and Gilsum. This con- tained all the men in this settlement liable to militia service, except those be- longing to the portion then included in Stoddard, which belonged to the " 16th Regiment," containing the men from Charlestown, Acworth, Walpole, Alstead, Marlow, and Stoddard. There were then but a few people in that part of our settlement. Reuben Alexander of Winchester was appointed colonel of the '6th," Dec. 25, 1784, succeeded, Jan. 18, 1790, by Jonathan Priest Whitcomb of Swanzey, who served until a new arrangement was effected, Mar. 27, 1793. Over the " 16th," which included Stoddard, Wm. Heyward of Charlestown was made colonel, Dec. 25, 1784, succeeded by Amos Shephard of Alstead, Mar. 1, 1786, who was succeeded by Jabez Beckwith of Lempster, Oct. 22, 1791, who served until the new arrangement took effect, Mar. 27, 1793. After the incorporation of Sullivan, Sept. 27, 1787, the men in that town liable to militia duty, were, by special enactment, placed in the 6th Regiment.
By a law of Dec. 27, 1792, an entirely new arrangement of the militia was
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made, which went into effect by the appointment of the new officers, on Mar. 27, 1793. Under this new deal, the Sullivan men were put in the 20th Regiment, in which they remained as long as the old militia continued. At first, this regi- ment included the men of Walpole and Westmoreland, who formed the first battalion, and the men of Surry, Gilsum, and Sullivan, who formed the second battalion. By the law of Dec. 22, 1808, there was still another arrangement of regiments. Sullivan still remained in the old "20th," but the companies from some of the towns were transferred to other regiments, and companies from other towns brought into this. The "training bands " of Walpole and Westmoreland now formed the first battalion, and those of Keene, Surry, Gilsum, and Sullivan the second battalion. This arrangement lasted during the continuance of the old militia.
The first eight commanders of the old 20th Regiment bore the title of lieutenant colonel commandant. They were the following, with dates of appoint- ment : AmasaAllen of Walpole, Mar. 27, 1793 ; Daniel Cobb of Westmoreland, Feb. 6, 1797 ; Caleb Bellows of Walpole, June 12, 1801 ; David Arnold of West- moreland, Mar. 3, 1804; Erastus Hubbard of Sullivan, June 19, 1807; Job F. Brooks of Westmoreland, Feb. 6, 1809; Nathaniel Fiske of Westmoreland, June 15, 1812 ; Wm. M. Bond of Keene, June 28, 1815, who, on July 4, 1816, received the appointment as colonel, the first commander of the regiment to have that full title.
The following were the subsequent colonels of the regiment, with dates of appointment : Isaac Field of Surry, May 17, 1816; Simeon Cobb, 2d, of West- moreland, June 23, 1819; Justus Perry of Keene, July 5, 1822 ; James Wilson, Jr., of Keene, June 30, 1826 ; Benjamin F. Adams of Keene, July 1, 1829; Sam- uel Gordon of Westmoreland, June 24, 1831 (whose lieutenant-colonel was Brad- ley Leach of Westmoreland) ; James Wilson, Jr., of Keene, his second appoint- ment, Aug. 5, 1833, Tileston A. Barker of Westmoreland, appointed on the fifth of June of that year, having declined ; Eliphalet K. Webster of Gilsum, who seems to have served through the official year ending, June 23, 1835; Charles Butterfield of Westmoreland, June 27, 1835; Robert Wilson of Keene, Sept. 4, 1837 ; Levi Barker of Keene, June 27, 1839 (a commission given to Jairus Snow of Keene having been recalled) ; John Cowdery of Westmoreland, June 20, 1844 ; George Hagar of Keene, June 30, 1845 ; Virgil M. Kimball of Keene, July 6, 1846; Daniel W. Patten of Westmoreland, July 3, 1847; Daniel W. Bill of Gilsum, June 24, 1848 ; George H. Gassett, of Keene and Gilsum, Nov. 1, 1850, who was the last colonel of the old " 20th."
We cannot take the space to give in full all of the officers of the regiment. Sullivan men who held such positions are here given, with dates of appointment : Erastus Hubbard, major of 2d battalion, Mar. 3, 1804 ; Harrison Rugg, major, June 22, 1830, who declined to serve; Charles Franklin Wilson, major, June 24, 1848, who declined to serve; Charles Nash, Jr., ensign in the second com- pany of riflemen in the regiment, June 26, 1849, also a lieutenant in that company, Oct. 2, 1849, which last appointment he declined ; Edward Barton, surgeon's mate, Aug. 22, 1833 to Apr. 9, 1835 ; Timothy L. Lane, surgeon's mate, Apr. 10, 1835 to Aug. 26, 1841 ; Nathaniel Evans, quartermaster, Mar. 9, 1827 to Aug. 16, 1829 ; Nathaniel Heaton, paymaster, Aug. 3, 1826 to Aug. 18, 1829 ; Abijah
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Bolster, ensign of the artillery company in the regiment, Sept. 14, 1832, declined to serve ; Philander Nims, second lieutenant of the second company of cavalry in the twentieth regiment, June 8, 1814; Enoch Woods, Jr., second lieutenant in the same company, Feb. 17, 1818, promoted to captain, Mar. 27, 1819 ; Chas. H. Cummings, first lieutenant of same company, May 1, 1823; Emerson Baker, ensign of the same company, July 23, 1824, promoted to second lieutenant, Mar. 15, 1825 ; Charles P. Locke, ensign of the same company, May 27, 1826; pro- moted to second lieutenant, Apr. 8, 1827 ; George Hubbard, father of George C. Hubbard, second lieutenant of the same company, Apr. 12, 1826, and again, Dec. 26, 1829, promoted to first lieutenant, Apr. 16, 1830, and promoted to captain, Apr. 18, 1832, serving till Mar. 16, 1833; and Francis O. Brown, lieutenant colonel, twentieth regiment, about Nov. 7, 1850.
Men who lived for a time in Sullivan, but received militia appointments while living elsewhere, were the following, with dates of appointments : Oliver Heaton, ensign of the " Keene 2d Light Infantry," in the 20th regiment, May 2, 1822, promoted to lieutenant, July 15, 1823, and brigade quartermaster, June 1 5. 1824 ; Franklin Buckminster, ensign, Sept. 6, 1830, lieutenant, Mar. 15, 1833, and captain, Mar. 5, 1834, all in the Roxbury company of the twelfth regiment ; Thomas T. Wetherbee, second lieutenant, Mar. 27, 1835, lieutenant, Apr. 7, 1836, captain, Sept. 9, 1837 to Feb. 6, 1839, all in a Swanzey company of artillery in the sixth regiment ; Justus Woodbury Nims, ensign in the Roxbury company of the twelfth regiment, Apr. 20, 1844; Ezra Wardwell, captain of the Nelson company in the twelfth regiment, Sept. 2, 1841, declined to serve ; and Charles Carter, cornet, June 8, 1814, first lieutenant, June 4, 1816, and captain, June 6, 1817 to Feb. 17, 1818, in the 2d cavalry company of the twentieth regiment.
Solomon White was always called Col. White, but he must have attained. that honor in the Massachusetts militia, for a most painstaking search of the rosters and records of commissions at Concord, which are now very methodically arranged, fail to show that he ever held any such commission in New Hampshire.
The old Sullivan company was originally the 8th (after 1841, the 6th) com- pany of the 20th regiment of the 5th brigade of the 3d division of the New Hampshire militia. The record book is lost, or at least we have not discovered it. After 1815, the rosters were kept on file in the office of the adjutant general at Concord. Before that date, there is no known public record of the officers. Charles Franklin Wilson, very fortunately, had among his private papers a list of the early captains. He informed us that Elijah Osgood was the first captain, but we cannot discover the date of his commission. It was probably between 1795 and 1797. The captains served about two years each on an average, and there were nine of them before Samuel Seward, Jr., who was commissioned, Mar. 22, 1815. They probably served for the space of 18 to 20 years. They were Elijah Osgood, Erastus Hubbard, Abel Allen, Samuel Seward, Solomon White, Eliakim Nims, Josiah G. White, John Wilson, and Amos Wardwell, Sr.
In the following roll of officers of the company, each group of officers was generally commissioned on the same day. That date is placed at the beginning of each group, followed by the officers with their titles. If it happened that a man was commissioned on a day other than the usual day, it is indicated in parentheses. The following are the groups : Mar. 22, 1815, Capt. Samuel Seward,
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Jr., Lt. Roswell Hubbard, Jr., Ensign Judson White (Sept. 2, 1815) ; June 6, 1817, Capt. Roswell Hubbard, Jr., Lt. Judson White, En. Rufus Mason, (Feb. 17, 1818) ; June 8, 1819, Capt. Judson White, Lt. Rufus Mason, En. Sparhawk Ken- dall ; Dec. 26, 1822, Capt. Rufus Mason, Lt. Sparwawk Kendall, En. Ellsworth Hubbard ; Feb. 9, 1824, Capt. Sparhawk Kendall, Lt. Ellsworth Hubbard, En. Benjamin Kemp, Jr .; Nov. 2, 1824, Capt. Ellsworth Hubbard, Lt. Benjamin Kemp, Jr., En. Elijah Mason, who was succeeded, Dec. 7, 1824 by En. Harrison Rugg ; Mar. 8, 1827, Capt. Benjamin Kemp, Jr., Lt. Harrison Rugg, En. Martin Spaulding ; Apr. 11, 1828, Capt. Harrison Rugg, Lt. Martin Spaulding, En. Still- man Eaton ; Mar. 22, 1831, Capt. Martin Spaulding, Lt. Stillman Eaton (suc- ceeded, Aug. 24, 1832, by Frederick B. Nims), En. Frederick B. Nims (succeeded, Aug. 24, 1832, by Dauphin W. Wilson) ; Apr. 12, 1833, Capt. Frederick B. Nims, Lt. Dauphin W. Wilson, En. Ashley Mason; Apr. 10, 1835, Capt. Dauphin W. Wilson, Lt. Ashley Mason, En. Joseph Eliot Cummings ; Apr. 19, 1837, same captain, Lt. Joseph Eliot Cummings, En. Dauphin W. Nims ; Oct. 17, 1837, Capt. Joseph Eliot Cummings, Lt. Dauphin W. Nims, En. Asahel Nims ; Aug. 17, 1839, Capt. Dauphin W. Nims, Lt. Asahel Nims, En. Amos Wardwell, Jr .; Apr. 16, 1841, Capt. Asahel Nims, Lt. Amos Wardwell, Jr., En. Dauphin W. Spaulding (who omitted the middle name in later years) ; Apr. 30, 1842, Capt. Amos Wardwell, Jr., Lt. Dauphin W. Spaulding, En. Charles Mason ; Nov. 4, 1843, Capt. Dauphin W. Spaulding, Lt. Charles Mason, En. Charles Franklin Wilson ; Apr. 15, 1845, Capt. Charles Mason, Lt. Charles Franklin Wilson, En. Daniel Towne; Mar. 17, 1846, Capt. Charles Franklin Wilson, Lt. Charles Osgood, En. Daniel Towne ; Apr. 18, 1848, same captain, Lt. Thomas Winch, En. John R. Dunn ; Apr. 12, 1849, Capt. Francis O. Brown, other officers the . same as before ; May 8, 1851, Capt. George Washington Nims, other officers the same. Mr. Nims was the last captain. Even during his administration, the militia company was not called out. The "May trainings," the " fall trainings," and the "regimental musters " were things of the past. By a law of July 12, 1851, it was enacted that " the militia of this state shall be subject to no active duty, except in case of war, invasion, insurrection, riot, inability of the civil officers to enforce the execution of the laws, or other public danger or emergency."
Thus the days of the old militia were numbered. It had been an interesting and picturesque feature of the country life, but it had been the occasion of much intemperate and irregular conduct with which the better element of the state had become not a little impatient, while the men liable to do military duty were growing tired of what seemed to them useless trouble. On page 174 of this book may be seen the result of a referendum on the subject, in which the voters of the state were overwhelmingly opposed to a continuance of an active militia. Sullivan very properly favored the militia quite generally, but the town gave a majority of one against the continuance of the system. It was thought to be a useless bother, yet, consider how few people were capable of reading the signs of ' the times ! The clouds of civil conflict were, at that very time, gathering and were already very dark and thick. Wise men foresaw, almost as a certainty, that war must come. Yet, strange to say, the militia was allowed to go to pieces at that most critical time. When the war came upon us, although there were still three divisions and five brigades, on paper, there was just one regiment in
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the state. Today, we have a single brigade, two regiments, one battery of artillery, and a single troop of cavalry. These bodies are well equipped and well uniformed and drilled. This amount of militia undoubtedly serves our present purpose very well. The Keene companies are the ones in which Sulli- van boys would enlist if they joined the militia. The officers are all Keene men.
The musicians of the old Sullivan company must be mentioned. The first fifer was Reuben Morse, Sr., who was a musical genius and could play most any instrument. He made bass viols. Erastus Hubbard, Ellsworth Hubbard, and Alpheus Kendall were all fifers. Hubbard was also a musician in the " War of 1812." Kendall was a remarkably good performer upon the violin. Joseph Mason was a good performer upon the fife and clarinet. He taught the clarinet at one time, receiving pupils at the Eagle Hotel in Keene, also at the hotel of Enoch Woods in Sullivan, at 80 on map. Bezaleel Keith played the clarinet with Mr. Mason. Still later Ashley Mason and Nelson Parker of Nelson, also Geo. F. Hubbard and Alexander B. Brown, played on copper bugles, and Alonzo Mason, Sylvester Mason, and Reuben Morse, Jr., played fifes. Geo. White played a trombone. Orlando Mason played a bass drum, and S. Newell Fifield was the last to play that instrument. The early drummers are not ascertained. There were probably other musicians in the company, at different times, but those whose names are here given, are remembered by old men as having per- formed such a service.
V. THE CIVIL WAR.
This war, usually known as the War of the Rebellion, was the most gigantic war this country has ever known. It has never been exceeded, with respect to the number of men engaged, the severity of losses, and the portentous magnitude of battles, by any war ever waged. Other wars in other lands have nominally covered many more years. Our own Revolution, the old French and English wars, in this country, and many in foreign lands, have extended over more years. We hear of a hundred years' war, a thirty years' war, and the 27 years of the Peloponnesian War, etc. This does not mean that there was continuous fighting all that time. Throughout those periods, there was what we should call "a state of war " between the nations involved, with spasmodic or periodic out- bursts, but the total losses in men and property, and the numbers engaged, would not equal the corresponding totals in our Civil War. Historians, both in ancient and comparatively modern times, have delighted in describing battles in which men were slain by the hundred thousand, but, if the truth were known, it would be discovered that these accounts were fictitious ; at least they were the result of rumors and long-established tradition, and were not based upon reliable information. The fact is that there were more battles of enormous mag- nitude in our Civil War than in any war ever waged, and some whose magnitude probably never was, and we may devoutly hope never will be, reached. We make no boast of such a sad record ; for it is a matter of deepest regret that such a war between two sections of a country was ever necessary. We boast only of the fact that our brave boys, in the face of stern duty, acted nobly their part and willingly offered their young lives to the service of their country.
Nearly half of the young men, who properly belonged to this town when they entered the service, lost their lives in battle or by disease incidental to army
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life. The sacrifice was very precious and costly for a little town of this size. They were sincerely mourned, but no relative has ever been heard to wish that they had remained at home and avoided the danger.
We cannot here attempt to give any, even a brief, account of this great war, which has been described in hundreds of volumes, with more or less fulness and accuracy, which volumes are partly contained in all good libraries and are easy of access. Nearly all the New Hampshire regiments in that war now have good regimental histories, giving the details of the history of each organization with much fulness. To them we must refer the reader, and to that monumental work, Adj. Gen. Ayling's Register of the N. H. Soldiers and Sailors in the War of the Rebellion, a vast quarto, replete with the results of years of patient re- search. On pages 144-147 of this book may be seen, in full, the action taken by Sullivan at its town meetings, to encourage enlistments, to remunerate en- listed men, and to help the soldiers generally. The town was most generous and those votes will surely be regarded with increasing favor as the years roll past and will always look well upon the pages of history.
We have attempted to secure the names of all men in any way connected with Sullivan who saw service in the Civil War. We have arranged these names in three lists. The first includes those who actually belonged to Sullivan, at the time. The second includes natives and former residents. The third in- cludes those who came to town afterwards.
I. SULLIVAN MEN IN THE CIVIL WAR.
This list is intended to include the names of men in the war who properly belonged to the town. Some of these boys, simply because they happened to be working in some other place when they enlisted, unwisely and improperly allowed themselves to be " credited " to other towns. This was wrong for two reasons. In the first place, the records of such enlistments deprive Sullivan of the honor of having furnished them for the service, and give other towns an honor which they do not merit. In the second place, if they had given Sullivan the benefit of their enlistments, it would have helped just so much in furnishing the required quotas and might have saved drafts or the paying for substitutes. Many of the substitutes were not Yankees. They were often worthless scamps who got their money and deserted at the first favorable opportunity. The following soldiers properly belonged to Sullivan :
I. SYLVESTER C. ABBOTT, a son of James C. Abbott, enlisted, Nov. 10, 1861 ; mus. in Nov. 28, 1861, in Co. E, 6th Reg. as a private. He was credited to Dublin where he happened to be working at the time. He died at Hatteras Inlet, N. C., of disease, Feb. 3, 1862. His body was not returned to Sullivan.
2. JAMES H. BARNES, a native of Canada, and properly a resident of Lynde- borough, hired as a substitute, we understand, but must be counted here, because the money which hired him is entitled to reckon as " one." He was credited to Sullivan. He enl. and was mus. in, Dec. 15, 1863, as a private, in Co. F, 9th Reg. ; wounded, July 30, 1864, at the mine explosion at Petersburg, Va .; trans- ferred to Co. F., 6th Reg., June 1, 1865 ; mus. out, July 17, 1865 ; and has resided at Manchester.
3. CORP. CLEMENT URIAH BATES, a son of James L. Bates, enl. and mus. in, Apr. 18, 1864, as a private in Co. B, Ist Reg., N. H. Vol. Cavalry, and was
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credited to Bradford, although his father's family was, at that time, living in Sullivan. He was promoted to corporal, July 1, 1865, and mus. out, July 15, 1865. . He resides in Gilsum.
4. SILAS L. BLACK, an "only son of a widowed mother," enl., Sept. 6, and mus. in, Sept. 17, 1861, as a private, in Co. A, 2d Reg. He died of disease at Budd's Ferry, Md., Dec. 20, 1861. His body was that of the first soldier brought back to town for burial. The event occasioned much sympathy and interest. The burial was in the cemetery at East Sullivan, VI. 31. See page 348.
5. RUSSELL T. HOLT, enl., Aug. 16, mus. in Sept. 22, as a private, in Co. A, 14th Reg. He died, June 21, 1863, in a hospital at Washington, D. C. His body was returned and buried in Meetinghouse Cemetery, II. 6. See page 331. His wife had reached him before his death, at Washington. The funeral was at 44 (see map).
6. LIEUT. HENRY E. HUBBARD, son of Ellsworth, was working in Keene, at the time of his enlistment and allowed himself to be credited to Keene, but he was then a Sullivan boy. He enl., Aug. 7, was mus. in, Aug. 16, as a private in Co. I, 9th Reg .; appointed sergeant; promoted to 2d lieutenant, of Co. B, Jan. 1, 1864 ; mus. out, June 10, 1865. He died at Keene, Mar. 11, 1889. A Veterans' Union post at Keene was named in his honor.
7. BACHELOR HUSSEY was living at 45 (see map) when he enlisted. He enl. Apr. 19, mus. in, May 2, 1861, as a private in Co. G, Ist Reg. ; mus. out, Aug. 9, 1861. He died at Oakfield, Me., Apr. 7, 1889. Aug. 7, the date of his death in Ayling's Register, is wrong.
8. PATRICK HENRY MACDONALD, who, like the preceding, was living at 45, enl. Nov. 9, mus. in, Nov. 28, as a private in Co. E., 6th Reg. ; killed, Aug. 29, 1862, at the second battle of Bull Run. His body was not discovered, and was buried upon the battle-field. He left a widow and two young sons.
9. ALBERT MASON, a son of Daniel H., happened to be working at Peter- borough when he enlisted and that town has the credit of his enlistment. He enl., and was mus. in, Aug. 19, 1864, as a private in the Ist N. H. Vol. Light Battery. This organization became Co. M, Ist Reg. N. H. Vol. Heavy Artillery, Nov. 5, 1864. He was mus. out, June 9, 1865. He is an expert mechanic and makes fine mathematical and other instruments, including barometers, in Boston.
IO. SERGT. ORREN F. MASON, son of Nathaniel P., enl. from Sullivan, Nov. 15, mus. in, Nov. 28, 1861, as a private of Co. F, 6th Reg. ; appointed cor- poral ; re-enl. and mus. in, Jan. 1, 1864 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va., June 17, 1864 ; appointed sergeant, July 1, 1865 ; mus. out, July 17, 1865. His residence is not known. His friends have not recently heard from him.
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