USA > New Hampshire > Sullivan County > Cornish > History of the town of Cornish, New Hampshire, with genealogical record, 1763-1910, Vol. I > Part 17
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The kind of saw used in all the old mills was the upright kind, attached to a pitman shaft that was fastened to the crank of the water-wheel beneath. There were two sawmills in town that had the circular saw substituted in place of the upright saw.
Portable sawmills, run by steam or gasoline, with circular saw, have recently been established in several places for brief periods, doing a large amount of business. These have contrib- uted to the decline and decay of stationary mills that are de- pendent upon water power alone.
Remains of other sawmills, and also of various other kinds of mills, comparatively unimportant, are pointed out by the "say- so" of men; but if they have a history it has become buried in the past, and of no use to the present generation. Slight evidences there are in some of these cases, but we can record nothing re- liable concerning them.
Abel Jackson, a millwright, said, during the last years of his life, that he had built and assisted in building nineteen mills in
183
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES.
town, and that Cornish had had thirty different mills. We are unable to locate as many as that, but are sure that the principal ones have been mentioned.
Another industry of considerable interest to some and of credit to the town, was the gun manufactory of David H. Hilliard. As a manufacturer of rifles he had no superior. His reputation for making a first-class shooting piece went far and wide, and orders came to him from the Far West. He employed several expert workmen for years and tested with accuracy every piece himself, so that his reputation was thoroughly sustained. But age came on and he was obliged to relinquish the business which soon after declined, and has never been revived. He died in 1877, aged 71.
Creameries.
About the year 1878 the art of separating the cream from milk was discovered and brought into practice. It has proved to be an invention or discovery of immense value to the farmer, his wife and to the world at large. The slow and tedious process of making butter by hand has prevailed from time immemorial. This old process involved a large expenditure of muscle and time, both of the husbandman and of his good wife, who was usually regarded as the butter-maker of the family. By the new inven- tion this burden is mainly lifted from her shoulders; and on a larger scale, with greater results, the work is performed by machinery.
It was a new and novel idea that milk subjected to rapid rotation should have a tendency to separate, throwing the cream into one mass, and leaving the impoverished milk by itself. This is accomplished by means of a large circular bowl containing the milk that is caused to revolve at a high rate of speed. The De Laval Separator was the first in use, but was soon followed by others.
This invention or discovery spread like wildfire and separating stations and creameries were soon established throughout the chief dairy sections of the country.
In 1888 a cooperative creamery company was organized at the Flat under the name of the "Cornish Creamery." A build- ing was erected near the Flat which was opened for business September 3, 1888. This plant has prospered ever since, dis-
CORNISH CREAMERY. Bert E. Huggins, Superintendent, 1910.
HILLSIDE CREAMERY.
185
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES.
tributing annually between ten and fifteen thousand dollars among its several patrons.
On the following year the "Hillside Creamery" was organized, and a building erected in Cornish near Windsor Bridge. This creamery immediately went into operation and has done a thriv- ing business ever since. Its locality is very favorable, as it re- ceives much patronage from the farmers of Vermont living in the vicinity of Windsor.
The power employed to operate each of these creameries is supplied by an engine. These are immense labor savers. Hand separators, or separators on a smaller scale, are used by some individual farmers in preference to using the cooperative plant, as they save the farmer the time and trouble required in carrying milk to and from the creamery.
Blacksmiths.
This class of artisans, to a limited extent, have found employ - ment in town ever since its settlement. As elsewhere stated the manufacture of iron goods has largely been assumed by factories, so the labor of the blacksmiths now is chiefly that of repairing and fitting. This, together with the shoeing of horses, renders him one of the most indispensable members of the community. A great number of these have lived and worked in different parts of the town. It would be impossible to recall all of them. A brief mention of a few of the most prominent must suffice.
Daniel Putnam, whose services in the Revolutionary War also included that of blacksmithing, came back to town and worked at this trade more or less during his life.
Charles Chase worked at this trade most of his life, serving the citizens of the town, especially those living along the river. John Fellows, near the south central part of the town, was also one of these serviceable men for many years.
At the Flat was Capt. William Atwood. He came from Pelham, N. H., to Cornish in 1811. He built the brick shop that is still used as a blacksmith shop. He did a large business in this line, employing several different young men who became skilled workmen in the trade. He continued at this until age and infirmity compelled him to retire. This shop has since been used by scores of men of this trade, and the property has changed owners several times. Prominent among those who have each
186
HISTORY OF CORNISH.
spent years of service in this shop are: Stillman Coburn, Samuel Sherburne and Charles T. Sturtevant. At, or near each of the mills east of the Flat, shops have been located, but these have recently disappeared with the decay of the mills. William Atwood, Jr., worked at this trade on the hill east of the Flat, and afterwards built a shop on the site now occupied by Cornish creamery. This shop was used many years and then was torn down. Several blacksmiths who have wrought as such in town might be named as: Daniel Hamblett, Henry Gould, Ariel K. Spaulding, John Watson and others.
Harness Making.
Harness making has never been driven from the town by the competition of larger manufactories. With first-class workmen at this business, the idea has always prevailed among the people, that a better and more durable article may be obtained by em- ploying home skill, than from the markets of the ready-made goods, hence these home harness makers have generally found steady employment at their trade. So far as known, the principal of these in town have been located at Cornish Flat. Walter Stone, when a young man, built a shop and went into the business in the same building now used by Mrs. Louis Peaslee as a millinery shop. He continued many years in the business until in advanced life he left town for Webster, Mass. He was succeeded soon after by John M. Couch who came from Plainfield in 1845. He remained here nine years and then removed to Holyoke, Mass. His oldest son (by a second marriage), John L. Couch, con- tinued in town doing a thriving business for a number of years. He left town in 1864, and later removed to St. Johnsbury, Vt. Mervin G. Day, one of Mr. Couch's workmen, succeeded him, and carried on the business a few years. After Mr. Day had left town, William H. Sisson established himself in the busi- ness. With characteristic energy and thorough workmanship, he has built up a thriving trade in this line. First-class work- manship always commands patronage, and Mr. Sisson, in his business, affords no exception to this rule.
CHAPTER XIII.
CENSUS DATA OF CORNISH.
DURING the administration of Gov. Benning Wentworth, the British government made efforts to have a census of the Province of New Hampshire taken, but they proved of but little account by reason of ineffective laws and insufficient funds. In 1767, under the supervision of the selectmen of the towns, the first census was taken. This is presumed to be nearly correct. The following is the report given by the selectmen of Cornish:
Men unmarried from 16 to 60. 17
Men married from 16 to 60 21
Boys 16 and under 36
0
Females unmarried.
37
Females married . 22
Population of Cornish in 1767 133
The second census of the Province of New Hampshire was taken in 1773. The record of it was for many years lost, but afterwards was found by Senator A. H. Cragin of New Hamp- shire in the Congressional Library. It was then copied and sent to the New Hampshire Historical Society.
The order for this census came from Gov. John Wentworth to the selectmen of Cornish, under date of October 15, 1773, and resulted in the following enumeration:
Unmarried men in town 16 to 60 28
Married men 16 to 60
36
Boys 16 and under 52
Men over 60 1
Females unmarried .
60
Females married . 35
1
Widows.
Total in 1773 213
SAM'' CHASE,
JONTH CHASE, Selectmen.
ELIAS CADY, -
Men over 60.
188
HISTORY OF CORNISH.
The third census was taken in obedience to an order from the Provincial Congress of New Hampshire, under date of August 25, 1775. At this time it had ceased to be a province of Great Britain and was about to become an independent state. The following is the Cornish record:
Males under 16 years of age. 83
Males from 16 to 50 not in army . 77
Males above 50 years of age 9
Persons gone into the army 4
All females 136
Total. 309
Firearms in town fit for use.
53
No. of lbs. of powder in town
20
And this last is "privit" property.
Cornish, October ye 30th, 1775.
Personally appeared Sam'1. Chase Esqr. and made solemn oath that he had acted faithfully and impartially in taking the above numbers according to the best of his discretion, before me, DANIEL PUTNAM, Town Clerk.
The fourth census of New Hampshire was taken after it had become a state, through an act of the Legislature in the year 1786. The following are the returns from Cornish:
Males of all ages
312
Females . 293
Total 605
To L. E. Thompson,
Secretary to the State of New Hampshire.
WM. RIPLEY,
ICHABOD SMITH, Selectmen.
JOHN MORSE,
No other census was taken until an act of Congress approved March 1, 1790, came into effect.
This act provided for a more extensive and elaborate enumer- ation than those preceding it.
189
CENSUS DATA OF CORNISH.
The constitution of 1787 required that the representation of each state in Congress should be in proportion to its population, and therefore it was necessary to provide for enumerations, and that such enumerations be made decennially. The first was made in 1790, and in each decade since the enumeration has been increasingly elaborate.
In 1790 the enumeration for Cornish was as follows:
Heads of families in town . 161
Males under 16 years of age 258
Males 16 years or over . 238
All males (white) 496
All females (white) 484
Colored .
2
Total population of Cornish in 1790
982
The following shows the definite list of the population of Cornish at this time:
Heads of Cornish Families in the Census of 1790, also Number in
Each Family.
Males 16 and over including head.
Males under 16.
Females all ages including head.
Males 16 and over
including head.
Males under 16.
Females all ages
including head.
Aplin, Oliver
2
2
Chase, Caleb, 2d 1
4
Ayers, Thomas
1
3
Chase, Daniel
2
1
4
Backus, Simon. .
1
3
5
Chase, Dudley
2
1
4
Barrows, Moses, Jr. 2
1
2
Chase, John. 2
1
2
Bartlett, John.
3
3
Chase, Jonathan 4
2
7
Bartlett, Joseph . 1
1
1
Chase, Joseph 1
1
3
Bartlett, Nathaniel
1
1
3
Chase, Joshua 1
1
1
Bingham, Elias.
1
6
2
Chase, Moses 4
2
4
Bingham, Elisha W. 1
2
1
Chase, Moses, Jr 1
2
2
Bingham, Jonathan. 1
1
1
Chase, Nahum 1
1
4
Bryant, Israel . 1
Chase, Peter
2
2
5
Bryant, Sylvanus
1
4
2
Chase, Samuel.
1
1
Cady, Elias.
2
1
5
Chase, Samuel, Jr. 4
3
10
Cady, Nicholas
1
2
3
Chase, Simeon
2
1
3
Carpenter, Nathaniel 1
3
3
Chase, Solomon 3
3
4
Cate, Eleazer
1
1
Chase, Stephen
1
3
Cate, James
1
1
1
Chase, William 1
1
1
Chase, Caleb.
1
2
6 Child, Stephen
2
2
6
1
190
HISTORY OF CORNISH.
Males 16 and over including head.
N Males under 16.
Females all ages
ineluding head.
Males 16 and over
including head.
to Males under 16.
Females all ages
including head.
Choate, William
1
5
Huggins, Jonathan
2
5
Cobb, Ebenezer
1
2
Huggins, Nathaniel
2
3
2
Cobb, Francis
1
3
3
Huggins, Samuel
3
3
3
Coburn, Asa
1
4
2
Hunter, James.
2
1
1
Coburn, Dudley 2
2
2
Jackson, Benjamin 1
3
3
Coburn, Merrill 1
2
5
Jackson, Eleazer 2
4
2
Cole, Benjamin
1
1
2
Jackson, Michael
1
2
5
Cole, John
1
3
2
Jackson, Perez
2
1
Colton, Caleb
1
2
5
Jackson, Stephen
1
4
Cotton, Bybye L. 2
1
1
Jerould, Reuben
2
4
Comings, Benjamin 2
5
4
Johnson, Abel
1
1 3
Comings, Samuel.
4
2
6
Johnson, Abraham
2
3
Comings, Warren
1
1
Johnson, Jesse
1
3
Curtis, Nathaniel .
1
1
2
Johnson, Joshua
2
1
Davis, David.
1
4
2
Kimball, Edward. 1
3
3
ยท Deming, Ebenezer
3
2
Kimball, Eliphalet
2
2
Deming, William. 2
1
Kimball, Eliphalet, Jr. 1
1
Dorr, Benjamin 1
1
2
Kimball, Lovell
1
3
Dunlap, Robert 1
1
4
Lucas, John. 1
1
4
Dustin, Nathaniel 1
3
3
Luey, Thomas 1
1
2
Fairbanks, Abel 1
6
1
Luey, William
1
2
4
Fitch, Hezekiah 1
2
2
Luther, Caleb. 1
5
4
Fitch, Samuel. 2
1
5
McCauley, Samuel 1
1
Fitch, Zebadiah. 1
4
4
Machries, Samuel 1
1
3
French, Ephraim 1
2
6
Morse, Jeremiah 1
1
Ferguson, John. 2
2
2
Morse, John.
1
2
5
Furnald, William 1
5
1
Nutter, Thomas I. 1
1
Gibbs, Eliakim 1
3
3
Page, Joshua
1
3
5
Hall, Benjamin .
1
5
3
Paine, William 1
6
4
Hall, Moody
3
2
2
Parker, Stephen 1
1 2
Hall, Nathaniel 1
2
3
Pike, Samuel
2
2
Hall, Thomas 1
1
Plastridge, Caleb 1
5
3
Hall, Thomas, Jr. 1
2
1
Pratt, Stephen
1
1
1
Hambleton, Joseph 1
3
3
Putnam, Daniel 3
5
Harlow, James 1
3
2
Record, Lemuel
1
2
2
Harlow, Robert
1
1
Reed, Benjamin 1
1
2
Haskell, John
1
1
5
Reed, David . 2
4
2
Hildreth, Joel 1
2
1
Reed, Elisha . 1
2
3
Hildreth, Samuel. 1
1
2 Reed, Jonathan 1
1
4
Hilliard, Luther 2
3 Richardson, Jonas 1
2
3
Hilliard, Samuel 3
2
3 Ripley, William 3
3
Huggins, David.
1 1
8 Roberts, Absolom 1
2
2
191
CENSUS DATA OF CORNISH.
Males 16 and over
including head.
to Males under 16.
Females all ages
including head.
Males 16 and over
including head.
Males under 16.
Females all ages
including head.
In addition to the above were two colored people; one in the family of Oliver Aplin, and the other in the family of Dudley Chase.
The following shows the population of Cornish and that of four adjoining towns on each decennial census since and including that of 1790-in all, twelve censuses:
Census
Cornish
Plainfield
Claremont
Croydon
Newport
1790
982
1024
1423
536
779
1800
1268
1435
1889
984
1266
1810
1606
1463
2094
682
1427
1820
1701
1460
2290
1060
1679
1830
1687
1581
2526
1057
1913
1840
1726
1552
3217
956
1958
1850.
1606
1392
3606
861
2020
1860
1520
1620
4026
755
2077
1870
1334
1589
4053
652
2163
1880
1156
1372
4704
608
2612
1890
934
1173
5565
512
2623
1900
962
1114
6498
372
3126
1
3
2
Vinton, John
2
3
4
Smith, Joseph
1
1
2
Weld, John
3
4
5
Smith, William. 1
2
2
Weld, Moses.
1
1
6
Spaulding, Abel.
2
4
Weld, Walter
1
2
3
Spaulding, Andrew 3
1
Wellman, James
1
2
Spaulding, Dyer
3
1
2
Wellman, James, Jr. 3
2
3
Spaulding, Darius
1
3
2
Wellman, Solomon 1
1
1
Spaulding, John
1
1
5
Whiting, Nathan
1
2
3
Spicer, Jabez.
1
4
3
Whitten, John
2
2
9
Stone, Josiah
1
4
3
Wickwire, Samuel 1
4
Tabor, Phillip
2
2
Williams, Benjamin 2
1
4
Taylor, Joseph
1
1
5
Wilson, Robert .
1
1
3
Thomas, Samuel
1
2
4
Woodward, Joshua
1
1
3
Thompson, Caleb.
1
1
2
Wyman, Jesse.
2
2
3
Thompson, Loring
1
2
4
Young, Thomas
1
4
4
Tracy, Andrew
3
4
Shapley, Jabez.
2
4
Tucker, Abijah
3
1
3
Shapley, Thomas
1
1
3
Tucker, Chester
1
1
1
Smith, Benjamin.
1
4
Vial, Abraham
1
1
Smith, David
2
3
Vincent, Richard
1
1
Smith, Ichabod
1
Roberts, Daniel
Thompson, Thomas. 2
5
192
HISTORY OF CORNISH.
The following shows the growth of territory, and increase of population of the United States since 1790:
1790 17 states, beside territories
3,929,214
1800
21 states, beside territories
5,308,483
1810
25 states, beside territories
7,239,881
1820
27 states, beside territories
9,638,453
1830.
28 states, beside territories
12,866,020
1840
30 states, beside territories
17,069,453
1850.
36 states, beside territories
23,191,876
1860
42 states, beside territories
31,443,321
1870
47 states, beside territories
38,558,371
1880.
47 states, beside territories
50,155,783
1890.
49 states, beside territories
62,622,250
1900
52 states, beside territories
76,303,387
The center of the population in 1900 was near Columbus, Ind.
Following is the population of New Hampshire at each census beginning with 1790; also her representation in Congress at these periods. Before 1790, it was three.
Year
Population
Representation
1790
141,885
4
1800
183,858
5
1810
214,460
6
1820
244,161
6
1830
269,328
5
1840
284,574
4
1850
317,976
3
1860
326,073
3
1870
318,300
3
1880.
346,991
2
1890
376,530
2
1900
411,588
2
CHAPTER XIV. CEMETERIES OF CORNISH-CASUALTIES.
Cemeteries of Cornish.
IT has been said that a contemplation of the soul's immortality cannot be exercised too much or too often. Amid the busy events of life this subject receives little thought. Reminders that our bodies are mortal are on every hand. In no place will our minds be brought to these contemplations more than at the graves of our friends. It behooves us, then, to turn aside and often visit the hallowed ground where they repose and to beautify and make attractive the places of their sepulture. The consciousness, too, that we are not to be forgotten and that our surviving friends will erect over our remains tokens expressive of their love, will rob the grave of many of its terrors.
It was customary during the early years of the town for many of the people to bury their dead upon their own farms and in many cases to erect no tablet to their memory, save, however, placing a common stone at each end of the grave. In process of time the mounds and stones would disappear. The hands and aching hearts that tenderly laid their dear ones to rest, they, too, have mouldered away. In this way the records of many have doubtless been lost.
The expediency of having common burial lots set apart by the town was soon recognized and practiced.
There are eleven cemeteries in town, which have been used as common burial places. Three of these have been aban- doned as out of the way and counted unsuitable for the purpose, being far from present traveled highways, and in pastures almost inaccessible. A few years since the town, recognizing the re- quirements of the law regarding the care of cemeteries, enclosed each of these with a wire fence. These are some of the oldest burial places in town and of great interest to the geneal- ogist. They are (1) on "Kenyon Hill" containing five grave- stones and twelve graves unmarked. (2) On farm of Charles W. Comings. This was once a popular burying place, but has
14
194
HISTORY OF CORNISH.
long since been disused. It contains thirty-seven tablets, and at least fifteen mounds unmarked. Several persons of note in the town's history lie buried there. (3) On the Daniel Weld farm, now owned by Freeman A. Johnson. This contained at least twelve gravestones and about twenty-five mounds unmarked. But the vandal propensity of some lawless scamps has destroyed or broken all the gravestones in the lot except one, thus affording a strong argument supporting "total depravity," at least in this case.
The other eight cemeteries are as follows:
(1) At Trinity Church. This contains the earliest dates of burial in town. Twin sons of Col. Jonathan Chase were bur- ied there in August, 1768, followed by their mother who died November 25, 1768. These are the first recorded burials in town. In this yard there are 213 well-marked graves, and at least a dozen mounds unmarked.
(2) "Mercer" burial ground up the river. This contains dates of burial nearly as early as the last. It contains 264 well- marked graves, and about fifty mounds, at least, that have no headstones.
(3) Cornish Flat. The most numerous of all; containing 320 well-marked graves and about forty mounds that are unmarked.
(4) South Cornish. Contains 247 headstones and thirty-eight mounds unmarked.
(5) "New Cemetery " (Childs'). This was first opened in November, 1870; yet it contains 147 well-marked graves, and sixteen mounds unmarked.
(6) Huggins' Cemetery. On the hills in north part of the town. It contains 116 well-marked graves and eight mounds unmarked.
(7) Comings Mills' Cemetery. Contains 215 marked graves and about fifteen mounds unmarked.
(8) Center Cemetery: back of Congregational Church. This contains 60 well-marked graves and six unmarked.
The above figures were correct in 1898. Some changes have occurred in them since, as a matter of course. Those above termined "unmarked" refers to well-defined mounds, evidently graves. It is not claimed that these mounds indicate all that are buried in those yards, for many may have been buried there, and
195
CEMETERIES OF CORNISH-CASUALTIES.
their graves become wholly obliterated, but though unknown to us, God remembers them all, and none will be lost.
The eight principal burying grounds of the town are usually kept in good order. Sextons are appointed for each yard who perform the labors of sepulture and also have a general care of the grounds. Five of these yards have been enlarged beyond their original limits, to meet the requirements of the town. And the "New Cemetery" was rendered necessary chiefly by the crowded condition of the Flat Cemetery.
There are also a few private or family burial lots in town, well known and generally well cared for. The aggregate of decedents in all these burial lots in town are nearly as follows: about 1,700 well-marked graves, and over 250 nameless mounds, making nearly 2,000 whom it is known have been buried in the soil of Cornish.
The writer has personally visited every known grave in town and copied every inscription with date of death and also copied many of the epitaphs. (These latter were much more in vogue a een- tury ago and more voluminous than at the present time.) He has also visited burial lots in towns adjoining for the same purpose- the obtaining of needful data. The full list of all heretofore mentioned, amounts to 2,140 names. Most of these names and dates appear in the genealogical records of the several families of Cornish.
This thought has often occurred to the writer when contem- plating this army of the dead. What a vast amount of mental anguish and suffering is represented here in "God's Aere" especially on the part of surviving friends! How many hearts have bled in sorrow! How many tears have been shed on this hallowed ground when dear ones have been torn from families and the earth has hidden them forever from view! It is the "wailing place" for all living, and hence a sacred place, and a profitable place for reflection. Here we may learn that:
" We are the same our fathers have been; We see the same sights our fathers have seen;
We drink the same stream and view the same sun, And run the same course our fathers have run.
" The thoughts we are thinking, our fathers would think; From the death we are shrinking our fathers would shrink;
196
HISTORY OF CORNISH.
To the life we are clinging, they also would cling; But it speeds for us all like a bird on the wing.
"They died! Aye! they died; and we things that are now, Who walk on the turf that lies over their brow,
Who make in their dwellings a transient abode,
Meet the things that they met on their pilgrimage road."
Casualties.
The following list may not be a complete one, but it includes all the names gleaned from the various sources at hand. It does not, however, include any fatalities of war or of sudden attack of disease, but simply of those whose lives have suddenly terminated by some accident.
1767. First recorded accidental death in town was Tisdale Dean of Claremont, who was killed at the Chase (or Comings) mill. No particulars ascertained. He had previously married Lucy Spaulding of Cornish. Was buried on the banks of Connecticut River. This death is also said to be the first in town from any cause.
1773. Daniel Chase Putnam, son of Daniel and Anna (Chase) Putnam, was drowned in the Connecticut River.
1785. Benjamin Swinnerton of Cornish was drowned in the Connecticut River while attempting to swim it in com- pany with an Indian.
1798. May 27, Harvey S. Deming, two years of age, son of Alpheus and Hannah (Taylor) Deming, was drowned in a water cistern. The household cat coming in very wet caused search for the missing boy and he was found as stated. It was supposed that in attempting to throw the cat into the water he lost his balance and together they fell into it.
1801. June 3, John Bulkley Paine, aged thirteen, son of Capt. Samuel and Lucy (Hall) Paine, and living with Gen. Jonathan Chase, was drowned in the Connecticut River.
1812. June 10, Daniel Atwood, son of William and Elizabeth (Hall) Atwood, aged four years, was instantly crushed to death by falling in front of a cart, the wheel passing over him.
197
CEMETERIES OF CORNISH-CASUALTIES.
1814. April 4, Lucinda Hilliard, aged five, daughter of Amos and Sarah (Huggins) Hilliard, while playing with some beans, accidently inhaled one, causing almost instant death.
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