USA > New Hampshire > New Hampshire in history; or, The contribution of the Granite state to the development of the nation > Part 5
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important positions in
A few must suffice for the present purpose. Joseph McKeen, na- tive of Londonderry, was the first Presi- dent of Bowdoin College, in which position Jesse Appleton, born in New Ipswich, was later conspicuous. Oren B. Cheney, native of Holderness, was the founder and first president of Bates. Benjamin Larabee, native of Charlestown was long president
of Middlebury. Alonzo A. Miner, native of Lempster, was for some time president of Tufts College, in which Heman A. Dear- born, native of Weare, was for 33 years professor of Latin; while Homer T. Fuller, also of Lempster, was long president of Drury College, Mo., after serving as pres- ident of Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Jonathan P. Cushing, native of Rochester, was for 14 years president of Hampden- Sidney College, Va., while Hosea H. Smith, native of Deerfield, was president of Ca- tawba College, N. C., later professor of
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Modern Languages in the University of North Carolina, ultimately removing to Texas, where he organized the public school system of the city of Houston, and served as president of the Sam Houston Normal College at Huntsville. Samuel C. Derby, native of Dublin, was president of Antioch College, Ohio, and later Dean of the Col- lege of Arts, Philosophy and Science in Ohio State University. Samuel L. Fel- lows, native of Sandwich, was president of Cornell College, Ia., and Joseph G. Hoyt, born in Dunbarton, Dean of Washington
University, St. Louis, Mo. Horace M. Hale, native of Hollis, was president of the University of Colorado, and Edward P. Tenney native of Concord, served in Col- orado College in similar capacity. Arthur L. Perry, native of Lyme, long professor of Political Economy in Amherst College, was the country's ablest writer on that sub- ject. Ernest Albee, native of Langdon, has been professor of Philosophy in Cor- nell University since 1907; Marshall S. Brown, native of Keene is professor of
History and Political Science in the Uni- versity of New York, and Charles A. F. Currier, born in East Kingston, holds a
similar position in the Massachusetts In- situte of Technology. Kendrick Metcalf,
native of Newport was for 40 years pro-
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fessor of Latin in Hobart College, Geneva, N. Y., and for a time acting president. Natt M. Emery, native of Pembroke, has been for some years vice-president of Le- high University, and is now acting presi- dent. John W. Beede, born in Raymond, is professor of Geology in the University of Texas, and Amos N. Currier, native of Canaan, is Dean of the College of Liberal Arts in the University of Iowa. Myron W. Adams, native of Gilsum and summer resident of Swanzey, is Dean of Atlanta University, and Clinton H. Moore, born in Piermont, was the founder and first presi- dent of Montana College. Winthrop E.
Stone, native of Chesterfield,
was for twenty years president of Purdue Uni- versity, Ind., preceeding his accidental death in the spring of 1921, through fall- ing from a cliff in the Canadian Rockies, and it may be stated in this connection, that his brother, Herbert F. Stone, is now Dean of Law in Columbia University. Har- ry B. Hutchins, native of Lisbon, who or- ganized the Law Department of Cornell University, and was subsequently for some years Dean of the Michigan University
Law Department, was, later, for a dozen
years president of that University, the oldest, largest, and most influential of all the State Universities in the Union, to
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whose chair of Economics, by the way, Ed- mund E. Day, native of Manchester, has recently been called from a similar posi- tion at Harvard.
But it is not alone as presidents and fac- ulty members in the Colleges and Univer- sities of the country, that New Hampshire natives have done great work for the cause of education. More largely has their work been done as superintendents and teachers of the public schools, thousands of them having served efficiently in the latter capacity, all over the land from the Atlan- tic to the Pacific coast; while New Hamp- shire born superintendents have made a record of success surpassed by those from no other state. The great work of Super- intendent John Swett of Pittsfield, in or- ganizing the public school system of Cali- fornia, as its first State Superintendent, has been referred to in speaking of New Hampshire men in that state. Another man, no less distinguished in the same line, was John D. Philbrick, native of Deerfield, for some years State Superintendent in Connecticut, and later superintendent of the Boston public schools. Samuel T. Dut- ton, native of Hillsboro, who has since serv- ed for years as Professor of School Ad- ministration in the Teachers' College of Columbia University, gained his reputation
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as a successful educator as superintendent
of schools in New Haven, Conn., and Brookline, Mass., while Frank E. Spauld- ing, native of Dublin, now head of the Yale University School of Pedagogy, had previously made a brilliant record as sup- erintendent of schools in Newton, Mass., Minneapolis, Minn., and Cleveland, Ohio. John B. Peaslee, native of Plaistow, was for sometime superintendent of the public schools of Cincinnati, Ohio, and it was while acting in that capacity he inaugurat- ed the annual tree planting observance which has resulted in the establishment of "Arbor Day" throughout the country. It was noted, some years since, that out of the nine State Normal Schools then exist- ing in Massachusetts no less than seven had New Hampshire men at the head, as principals, and it is safe to say that there is no city or considerable town in that state, that has not had a New Hampshire native as its superintendent of schools, at some time or other. In addition to those already mentioned as serving in that capacity, the names of Homer P. Lewis, native of Clare- mont, who had previously served many years as principal of the Omaha, Neb., high school, who was for fifteen years superin- tendent of the schools of Worcester, and of Joseph G. Edgerly, native of Barnstead,
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who held the record of forty years service in a similar capacity in Fitchburg, should not be omitted.
Samuel R. Hall, native of Croydon, who was subsequently one of the founders of the American Institute of Instruction, has the credit of having established the first teacher's training school in the United States, located in the little town of Con- cord, Vt., and also having been the first person to use the blackboard in the school room. Frank Arthur Metcalf, native of Acworth, has been for many years the head of the Home Correspondence School, of Springfield, Mass., with an enrollment of students, throughout the world, exceed- ing that of Harvard University. In this connection it may be well to remark, final- ly, that when the United State Bureau of Education was established, and President Grant looked about for the proper man to place at its head as Commissioner, after careful survey he selected Gen. John Eaton, native of Sutton, already distin- guished as an educator as well as soldier, to fill that important position, which he did, most acceptably for years.
In its contribution to journalism, as well as education, New Hampshire may well claim first rank. The premier in the edi- torial field, after Benjamin Franklin him-
-
GEORGE W. GAY, M. D.
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self, was Horace Greeley, native of Am- herst, who made the New York Tribune for years the greatest political power in America. Hardly less able and influential was Charles A. Dana, of the Sun, native of the town of Hinsdale. Jonas M. Bundy, native of Columbia, was for many years the able editor of the New York Evening Mail. Horace White, born in Colebrook, after long service on the Chicago Tribune, became more eminent as editor of the New York Evening Post, and The Nation. Charles G. Greene, native of Boscawen, founded and long edited the Boston Post, which under his direction, was for years the ablest organ of Democratic opinion in New England. In more recent years Charles R. Miller native of Hanover, had a notable editorial career in New York City, where he long had been editor of the Times. All over the country, indeed, New Hampshire men have been engaged in the newspaper field, but it is impracticable to particularize to any great extent. Nathan- iel H. Carter, native of Concord, was for many years editor of the Albany Register and the New York Statesman. Charles
L. McArthur, born in Claremont, establish- ed the Milwaukee, Wis., Sentinel, and was afterward, for many years, editor of the Troy, N. Y. Budget, and Daily Whig.
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John S. C. Knowlton, born in Hopkinton, was for 40 years editor of the Worcester, Mass., Palladium, while John H. Fahey, na- tive of Manchester, who has recently pur- chased the Mirror of that city, has been for some years owner and publisher of the Worcester Post. George A. Marden, na- tive of Mount Vernon, was long editor of the Lowell, Mass., Courier. William B. Miller, native of Salisbury, has been man- aging editor of both the New York World and American; while Harry Chandler, born in Lisbon, is now the publisher of the Los · Angeles, Cal., Times, the greatest news- paper on the Pacific coast.
In the various other fields of effort and achievement, in which New Hampshire men have been conspicuous, a few notable examples, only, can be mentioned here by way of illustration. Among authors and writers of note may be named Benjamin B. Kimball, native of Lebanon; Joseph E. Worcester, the famous lexicgrapher, native of Bedford; Thomas Bailey Aldrich and Benjamin P. Shallaber, (Mrs. Partington) of Portsmouth; Orison S. Marden, native of Thornton, founder and editor of "Suc- cess" and author of many books; Justin H. Smith, native of Boscawen, voluminous historical writer; Charles Carleton Coffin, also Boscawen born, noted author and war
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correspondent; Thomas W. Knox, native of Pembroke, noted traveler and writer of boys' books; Samuel Walter Foss, the poetical peer of James Whitcomb Riley, native of Candia, and Ralph A. Cram, na- tive of Hampton Falls, well known as a writer of books, but more noted as an archi- tect, whose most conspicuous work in the latter line was the great cathedral of St. John the Divine, in New York. In this connection may be named such New Hamp- shire born publishers as William D. Tick- nor, native of Lebanon, and James T. Fields, of Portsmouth, of the noted firm of Ticknor and Fields, and Daniel Loth- rop, born in Rochester, of D. Lothrop & Co. In library work no state has had more prominent or efficient representa- tives, as shown by the accomplishments of such men as Ainsworth R. Spofford, native of Gilmanton, long in charge of the Library of Congress at Washington, in the struc- ture of whose splendid building, by the way, Concord granite is the main material, and the assistant librarian of the same in- stitution, Appleton P. C. Griffin, native of Wilton; George H. Moore, native of Con- cord, superintendent of the Lenox Library, New York City, and Frank Pierce Hill, also of Concord, librarian of the Brooklyn, N. Y., public library, some time president
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of the American Library Association, and Chairman of its War Finance committee during the World War.
In science and invention New Hampshire men have been among the leaders. In as- tronomy, Charles A. Young, native of Han- over, professor at Dartmouth and Prince- ton, discoverer of the spectrum of the cor- ona, author of "The Sun" in the Interna- tional Scientific Series, and of a text book of General Astronomy; John R. Eastman, born in Andover, for 36 years astronomer at the U. S. Naval Observatory at Wash- ington, and first president of the Washing- ton Academy of Science, and Solon I. Bail- ey, native of Lisbon, long connected with the Harvard observatory at Cambridge, and in charge of the Harvard astronomical station at Arequipa, Peru.
Moses G. Farmer, native of Boscawen, was the pioneer in the development of elec- trical science, and laid the foundation for electrical engineering. He lighted his own house with incandescant lamps, more than He it was who devised sixty years ago.
the fire alarm telegraph system, and in- stalled in Boston the first in the country. He was long professor of Electrical Science at the U. S. Naval Station in Newport, R. I. George B. Prescott, native of Kingston, who was associated with Edison, invented
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the pneumatic tube. Thaddeus S. C. Lowe, born in Jefferson, was a pioneer in aeronautics, and along various other lines of discovery and invention. He was the first to produce artificial ice, and invented the water gas machine which revolutioniz- ed the gas industry in the country. Isaac Adams, native of Sandwich, inventor of the power press, and Robert P. Parrott, born in Lee, who produced the first rifled can- non, originated powerful agencies, the one for peace and the other in war, while Wal- ter A. Wood, native of Mason, the mowing machine inventor, made notable contribu- tion to agricultural industry. Sylvester Marsh, native of Campton, invented the dried meat process, as well as the cog wheel inclined railway system, and built the railroad onto Mt. Washington. George D. Burton, native of Temple, inventor of the Burton Stock Car, has been granted more patents for different inventions than any other man-over 500 in number, while Nehemiah S. Bean, native of Gilmanton, built the first steam fire engine ever pro- duced.
In Art as well as Science, New Hamp- shire men have won notable distinction. As sculptors, Larkin D. Mead, native of Chesterfield and Daniel Chester French, born in Exeter, have place in the front 7
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rank, while Benjamin Champney, native of New Ipswich, has not been surpassed as a landscape painter. Other painters of note born in the State, include John S. R. Til- ton and Frank French, natives of Loudon, Roswell H. Shurtleff of Rindge, Alfred C. Howland of Walpole, Adna and Ulysses D. Tenney of Hanover, and Daniel C. Strain of Littleton, the latter three eminent in portraiture, whose work largely adorns the interior walls of the State House in Concord.
In banking and finance the sons of New Hampshire have held and still hold, no in- ferior position. Her representatives in this line, in Boston, have been referred to in speaking of the state's contribution to that city. They have been no less con- spicuous in New York, where Ruel W. Poor, native of New London, has long been president of the Garfield National Bank, while Harvy D. Gibson, born in Conway, was for sometime president of the Liberty National Bank, and during the World War administered the financial affairs of the American Red Cross. It is worthy of note that the first charter granted under the national banking act was that of the Na- tional Bank of Davenport, Ia., of which Austin Corbin, native of Newport, was president. Mr. Corbin, by the way, later
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removed to New York City, where he es- tablished the Corbin Banking Co. He also
engaged extensively in railroading. He built the Manhattan Beach and the Long Island railroads, and had other great en- terprises in hand when he met an acciden- tal death, at his old home in Newport, near which he had established the Blue Moun- tain Park, the largest private park in America. Referring to railroading, it is proper to say that in this line New Hamp- shire men have been prominent. James F. Joy and Sherburne S. Merrill, conspicu- ous examples, were mentioned in connec- tion with New Hamphire men in Michi- gan and Wisconsin, and Daniel C. Corbin, brother of Austin, when speaking of the State of Washington. Another example
is furnished in Andrew Pierce of Dover, who built the Texas Pacific Railroad, and still another in Charles P. Clark, born in Nashua, long president of the New York, New Haven and Hartford road, who was succeeded by Charles S. Mellen, who, though not born in New Hampshire, was reared and educated in Concord, and there commenced his railroad career, which in- cluded, for a time, the presidency of the great Northern Pacific; and who since his retirement from active life, has establish-
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ed his permanent residence in the Capital City.
In the musical world ew Hampshire has not been without substantial represen- tation. The famous Hutchinson Family, singers of national repute, with John W. Hutchinson of Milford at their head, and Walter Kittredge of Merrimack, author of "Tenting on the Old Camp Ground," a fa- mous singer of Civil War days were most popular in their day. Henry C. Barnabee of Portsmouth, gained fame in comic opera. John W. Conant, native of Nashua, was director of music in the National Cathedral School at Washington. Samuel W. Cole, born in Meriden, long a teacher in New England Conservatory, and super- visor of music in the schools in and around Boston, gained wide reputation as an in- structor and director. Harry Brooks Day, native of Newmarket, was for 20 years organist at St. Paul's Cathedral, New York, and was a composer of note. Bur- ton T. Scales, native of Dover, was many years director of music in the William Penn Charter School for Boys, Philadel- phia, and later at Girard College, in the same city. George W. Keenan, born in Penacook, is professor of the violin in the Kansas State Teachers' College. Henri
CHARLES A. BRACKETT, D. M. D.
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G. Blaisdell, native of Canaan, won a wide reputation as a violinst, and conductor, and has a notable successor in the latter line in Nelson P. Coffin, native of Newport. In this connection, as well as anywhere, it may properly be remarked, that Jonas Chickering, the noted piano manufacturer, was a native of the town of New Ipswich.
The threatrical, as well as the musical world has received no inconsiderable con- tribution from New Hampshire talent, as evidenced by he career of Denman Thomp- son, native of Swanzey, creator and pro- ducer of "The Old Homestead," and Will M. Cressy, native of Bradford, playwright and actor, now and for many years, among the most popular comedians in the country, and throughout the world. Charles H. Hoyt, native of Charlestown, playwright and manager, long had a national reputa- tion, and Lawrence Grattan (Gahagan), born in Penacook, is in the midst of a suc- cessful career as playwright and actor.
Henry Wells, Benjamin P. Cheney and Nathaniel White, all New Hampshire na- tives, were pioneers in the express business in which Charles W. Robie, native of New Hampton, is now prominent as the New England manager of the American Rail- way Express.
Carroll D. Wright, native of Dunbarton,
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lawyer, soldier and educator (president of Clark College at the time of his death) be- came famous as the world's greatest statis- tician. Marshall P. Wilder, native of Rindge, founded the N. E. Horticultural Society and the American Pomological
Society.
William Ladd, native of Exeter,
founded the American Peace Society.
Fred Roy Martin, born in Stratford is the General Manager of the Associated Press.
It is needless, further, to mention names to establish New Hampshire's primacy in the sphere of national accomplishment, which is strikingly illustrated in the great painting of "Lincoln at Gettysburg," which hangs in the hall of the Malden, Mass., pub- lic library.
Here the great Civil War President is shown in the delivery of that brief but immortal address, which he had hastily scribbled upon a scrap of paper on his way to the scene of the historic oc- casion, and which is now a classic where- ever the English language is spoken; while no one recalls a word of the address of the orator of the day-Edward Everett of Massachusetts; while around him on the platform are grouped twenty of the na- tion's most illustrious leaders in civil and military life, five of whom, or one fourth of the entire number, had their birth in the little state of New Hampshire, which
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is represented to-day in the country at large, outside her own limits, by as many sons and daughters as remain therein, of whom over 69,000 have their homes in Massachusetts, and the balance are scat- tered all over the land from the Atlantic to the Pacific, more than 5,000 residing in California alone.
And now a few words in special refer- ence to "New Hampshire's Daughters," which name, by the way, has been taken by the organization of loyal women, which alone honors and maintains the traditions of the Granite State in the New England metropolis. Time was when the Sons of New Hampshire, twelve hundred strong, gathered in Boston, with Daniel Webster at their head, to do honor to their native state. That was in in 1849, and for some years later an organization was maintain- ed; but for sometime past the "Daughters," alone, have "held the fort." May they long continue this manifestation of their loyalty and devotion.
While it has been impossible in the past for woman to compete with man in the public service, and it has been only in re- cent years that the professions have been open to her, the women of New Hamp- shire, at home and abroad, have not failed to leave their impress for good upon the
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national life and character. The "Yankee School ma-am" has been recognized for gen- erations as a dominating force in the American educational world, and New
Hamphire's contribution to this great
force has been surpassed by that
of no
other State. In the "little red" school-
house, all over the East, and in the log schoolhouses of the West in pioneer days, the daughters of the Granite State have directed the minds of children and youth in learning's ways, and laid the foundation for many a brilliant and successful career. Nor has their work been confined to ele- mentary instruction. They have been prominent in the domain of higher educa- tion. Helen Peabody, native of Newport, was for forty years president of the first distinctive woman's college in the country- Western College of Oxford. When Welles- ley, the first woman's college in New Eng- land, was founded by Henry F. Durant (na- tive of Lebanon, N. H.) and Miss Peabody
was invited to become
its president but felt obliged to decline the call, another New Hampshire woman, Ada C. Howard, born in Temple, was finally called to the position and long and nobly performed its duties. Both Miss Peabody and Miss Howard were graduates of the famous Mount Holyoke Seminary, which later itself became a col-
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lege, where many another New Hampshire woman was educated, and of which Julia E. Ward, native of Plymouth, was princi- pal for many years, after the death of Mary Lyon, the famous founder. To-day Mary Mills Patrick, native of Canterbury, is president of the American College for Girls at Constantinople, Turkey, in which position she has done a great work for
more than thirty years. Lydia Fowler Wadleigh, born in the town of Sutton, serv- ed conspicuously in the city of New York, where she was for many years principal of the girl's high school, and founded the New York Normal College for Girls. The first woman superintendent of city schools in the country was Mrs. Luella M. Wilson, (born Little) native of the town of Lyman, for some time a teacher in Littleton, later removing to Iowa, where, in 1884, she be- came superintendent of schools in Des Moines, the capital city of the state, serv- ing for some years and later conducting a private school for girls in Chicago.
But the daughters of New Hampshire have wrought ably and well along other lines than education. In literature they have been, indeed, conspicuous. Mrs. Sarah J. Hale, born in Buell, in the town of Newport, was a well known writer of both prose and poetry, but was best known as
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the editor of "Godey's Lady's Book," the first woman's magazine in the country, which position she held for nearly forty years. It was through her efforts that Thanksgiving Day became a national holi- day, her persistent appeals moving Presi- dent Grant to issue the first proclamation to that effect. Other writers of note, and world-wide fame, among New Hampshire born women, are Edna Dean Proctor, our female poet laureate, born in Henniker 93 years ago, still living and as ardent a lover as ever of the mountains, lakes and rivers of her native state whose beauties she has sung in immortal verse; and Celia Leigh- ton Thaxter, "sweet singer of the sea," born in Portsmouth, living, writing and dying on Appledore, Isle of Shoals. Other talented writers of wide repute, who were born in New Hampshire, include Constance Fennimore Woolson, native of Claremont; Mrs. Annie D. Robinson ("Marion Doug- las"), (born Green), native of Plymouth; Kate Sanborn, native of Hanover; Alice Brown, born in Hampton Falls; Mary Far- ley Sanborn, born in Concord, and Eleanor Hodgman Porter, native of Littleton.
In the musical world many New Hamp- shire women have been prominent. Marion McGregor, native of Newport, was for 20
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years organist at Broadway Tabernacle, New York City. Martha Dana Shepard, born in New Hampton, was long known throughout New England as an accom- plished pianist and festival accompanist. Laura Wentworth Fowler, native of Som- ersworth, was a successful teacher of music in Lagrange Female College, Tenn., Monticello Seminary, Ill., and Elmira Col- lege, N. Y., and was also a talented writer. Ellen Beal Morey, native of Orford, who studied pianoforte, organ and theory at Leipsic and Berlin for some time, after sev- eral years in Boston, on her return or- gainzed a chorus and orchestra, which she herself conducted, being the first woman in America to wield a conductor's baton. Mrs. H. M. Smith and Emilie Grant Wil- kinson, both of Nashua, were well known festival soloists for many years; while Amy Marcy Cheney (Mrs. H. H. A. Beach), born in Henniker, has won national fame as a composer, as well as a pianist. And now the most popular among the rising stars in the American musical firmament, as a vocalist, is Edith Bennett, born in New Hampshire's capital city.
In missionary work New Hampshire women have been at the front in all parts of the world, as is shown in the devoted service of Melinda Rankin of Littleton, in
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Mexico, of Malvina Chapin Rowell of New- port in the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii), of Mary L. Danforth of Colebrook in Japan, and Mabel Hartford of Dover in China.
Elizabeth Gardner Borgereau, native of Exeter, attained celebrity in Paris for no- table work as an artist, and some of her productions are now cherished in her na- tive town. Alice Palmer, born in Orford, established a reputation in the same line in Boston, where she had a studio for many years.
Even in professional life, especially in medicine, native New Hampshire women have come to the front, to a considerable extent, comparatively brief as has been the period during which the field has been
open. Martha J. Flanders, native of Con- cord, was among the pioneer women in the field of medical practice, commencing in Concord in 1861 and continuing with great success in Lynn, Mass., for many years. Dr. Emily A. Bruce, native of Wolfeboro, long in practice in Boston, and Anna Tay- lor Cole, born in Whitefield, in practice in Somerville, are other prominent examples in this line. Ella F. Knowles, a daughter of the town of Northwood, who studied law in the office of Burnham and Brown, in Manchester, gained prominence in that
EDNA DEAN PROCTOR
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profession in the West and became Assist- ant Attorney General of Montana.
Scores of New Hampshire women, now active in social, educational and philan- thropic work in our own midst, like Mary I. Wood, Susan C. Bancroft, Alice S. Harri- man and Dorothy Branch Jackson, and many others, who, like Harriet P. Dame in Civil War days, were ministering angels for sick and wounded soldiers in the hos- pitals and on the battlefields of Europe in the great World War, are as worthy of mention as any that have been named; but further detail is impraticable.
Let it be remembered, in closing, that, after all, it is not to the men and women born in the State, whose names are written large in the record of human achievement, that credit is mainly due, and honor should be most largely paid. To the mothers of these men and women, and of thousands more at home and abroad, who, in lofty station or lowly lot, have done their duty faithfully and well-to the homemakers and the homekeepers of the State, who from the log cabin days of the pioneers in their stern struggles with na- ture, on the one hand, and with savage ene- mies on the other, down to the present era of comfort and luxury, have cheered men on in their daily toil, given them new hope
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and courage, ambition and faith; kept the "home-fires" brightly burning, around which, as in a haven of rest, husbands and sons have gathered in sweet content after the hard day's toil; who have instilled in the minds of their children the lessons of truth and duty, virtue and sobriety, of faith in God and love for their country and their fellow men throughout the world- to these uncrowned queens of our New Hampshire homes are due all honor and praise for New Hampshire's glorious part in the history of the nation and the pro- gress of the world.
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