USA > New Hampshire > Merrimack County > Salisbury > The history of Salisbury, New Hampshire, from date of settlement to the present time > Part 18
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14. Dialogue; William Tell. A. Green, f. Calcf, I. W. Kelly, G. W. Johnson, S. Cavis, f. S. Elliot, E. West, and Elisabeth F. Townsend.
15. * Oration; Sketch of the Progress of Literature. H. Fificld.
16. MUSIC.
17. Dialogue ; Dr. Pangloss and Lord Duberly. f. Eastman, and P. Dodge.
IS. Poem. Elbridge G. Eastman.
19. Dialogue; Lochiel. A. Kittridge, and W. P. Weeks.
20. MUSIC.
21. Dialogue; Spunge and Snarl. T. C. Merrill, and D. B. Penticost.
22. Poem. A. M. Quimby.
23. Dialogue; Bajazet and Tamerlane. P. Rolfe, F. Calef, and T. C. MMerrill.
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HISTORY OF SALISBURY.
24. MUSIC.
25. * Oration on the Character of De La Fayette. A. Green.
26. The Tears of Science. I. W. Kelly.
27. Dialogue; The Weathercock. H. Greenleaf, H. Shed, F. Eastman, H. Fifield, F. Stanwood, P. Upham, Nancy West, and Susan P. Webster.
28. MUSIC.
29. * Oration on the Progress of Refinement, with the Vale- dictory Addresses. H. Greenleaf.
30. Sacred Music.
31. Prayer.
* Original.
C. SPEAR, Printer. . Hanover.
TEACHERS IN THE ACADEMY.
It has not been possible to obtain a complete list of the teachers in the institution, nor to give full or extended sketches of many of them. There were frequent changes of instructors, as it was not often that sufficient compensation was afforded to those teachers who commanded high salaries, or were perman- ently employed.
THOMAS CHASE, as has already been noted, was the first instructor, and had charge of the school when it was located on Garland's Hill. He was succeeded by -
JAMES TAPPAN, who was a teacher of more than ordinary reputation. Webster often referred to Master Tappan.
REV. SAMUEL WORCESTER, a native of Hollis, born Novem- ber 1, 1770, taught district schools in Salisbury, and was one of the early teachers in the academy. He united with the Con- gregational church, of which his brother was pastor, in 1793. He graduated at Dartmouth in 1795, and it is probable that his teaching in Salisbury was during the winter vacations of his college years. He became pastor of the Congregational church
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EDUCATIONAL HISTORY.
in Fitchburg, Mass., and subsequently of the Tabernacle church in Salem, Mass. He was appointed Theological Professor at Dartmouth, but declined the position. He was Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. He died while on a visit to the Cherokee Indians, at the age of fifty-one years. Rutgers College conferred on him the degree of D. D. in 181I.
REV. NOAH WORCESTER, D. D., was the eldest of a family of sixteen children, including Rev. Dr. Samuel Worcester, Rev. Thomas Worcester and Rev. Leonard Worcester. He was born in 1758, at Hollis; was a shoemaker by trade; engaged in the battle of Bunker Hill and was also at Bennington. He removed to Salisbury in 1810, and occupied the Eliphalet Little house for three years. Though not a college graduate, he became eminent as a preacher, author and theologian. He received the degree of Master of Arts from Dartmouth, in 1811, and that of D. D. from Harvard, in 1818. While at Salisbury he assisted his brother in his clerical duties. It was while in Salisbury that he wrote his most noted work, entitled "Bible News," which passed through several editions.
ICHABOD BARTLETT, of whom an extended notice is given in the proper place in these pages, taught in 1804.
REV. THOMAS WORCESTER, pastor of the church for many years, taught several terms; and his wife, Mrs. Deborah Wor- cester, was Preceptress in 1822. She was a woman of fine education and rare accomplishments.
HON. RICHARD FLETCHER taught in 1809, and SAMUEL I. WELLS, EsQ., from 1813 to 1816, of whom extended notices are given elsewhere in this volume.
NATHANIEL HAZELTON CARTER, A. M., born at Concord, September 17, 1787, died at Marseilles, France, January 2, 1830. Graduated at Dartmouth in 1811, taught in the academy in the same year ; read law but never practiced ; was distinguished as a writer and literary editor ; travelled in Europe, and published "Letters from Europe," in two volumes. He also published many excellent poems. He was a Professor in "Dartmouth University," when the State took possession of Dartmouth College.
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HISTORY OF SALISBURY.
LAMSON CARTER, of whom we have very little knowledge, taught in 1815.
STEPHEN BEAN, son of Joshua and Lydia ( Brown ) Bean, born at Brentwood, April 4, 1772; died at Boston, December 10, 1825 ; graduated at Dartmouth, 1798; taught soon after gradu- ' ation, read law, and practiced in Boston. Married, May 4, 1808, Susan, daughter of Thomas Hubbard.
REV. BENJAMIN HUNTOON taught from 1817 to 1819, nearly three years. (See Genealogy.)
REV. DANIEL FITTS, D. D., born at Sandown, May 28, 1795 ; graduated at Dartmouth in 1818; taught from 1819 to 1822. He studied theology, and for forty years was a successful preacher. Married Caroline Sawyer.
ZACHARIAH BATCHELDER, born at Beverly, Mass, February 4, 1796; graduated at Dartmouth in 1821; taught in 1822, read law with Samuel I. Wells, Esq., practiced in Chichester, in 1827, and removed to Wolfeborough.
W. BAILEY taught in 1813.
HENRY GREENLEAF taught in 1822.
CALEB STETSON taught in 1825-26.
HENRY FITTS.
WILLIAM CLAGGETT taught in 1826-27.
ALFRED KITTREDGE, son of Dr. Jonathan and Apphia ( Wood- ward) Kittredge, born at Canterbury, October 22, 1805 ; grad- uated at Dartmouth in 1827 and taught in 1828.
CALEB B. KITTREDGE, taught in 1829-1832.
REV. B. F. FOSTER taught in 1838-39. (See Ecclesiastical.)
CHARLES T. BERRY taught in 1840; was a native of Pittsfield and a graduate of Dartmouth College.
ELBRIDGE GERRY EMERY taught in 1842-43.
DAVID DIMOND graduated at Dartmouth College in 1842 and taught in 1843.
CALEB P. SMITH. (See Genealogy.)
WILLIAM S. SPAULDING, A. M., graduated at Dartmouth College in 1842 and taught in 1844-45 ; became a Congrega- tional clergyman and settled in Newburyport, Mass.
S. C. NOYES.
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EDUCATIONAL HISTORY.
J. H. UPTON.
- CLARK.
HON. WILLIAM M. PINGREE. (See Genealogy.)
REV. E. S. LITTLE. (See Genealogy.)
. DR. J. Q. A. FRENCH. ( See Genealogy.)
DR. CROCKETT, son of Dr. Ephraim Crockett, of Sanbornton.
D. B. PENTICOST.
REV. E. D. ELDRIDGE. (See Ecclesiastical.)
JOHN A. KILBURN taught in 1851 ; afterwards a lawyer at Fisherville, where he died.
JOHN W. SIMONDS, born in Franklin, May 10, 1829, was the only son of John and Betsey (Merrill) Simonds. His carly advantages for an education were limited to home instruction, the district school, and one term nominally at the Instructors' School, at Franklin. The summer months were spent in labor on his father's farm. At the age of fourteen he began his college preparatory course, graduated at Bowdoin in 1854, and received the Master's degree in due course. While in college he taught district schools, and acquired a good reputation as a disciplin- arian and instructor. His first experience in a high grade school was during the winter of 1852-53, in which he met with great success. After leaving college he married Mary W. Clement, who assisted him in his professional labors. He was Principal of the Fisherville High School for three years. In 1857 he was chosen Principal of the New England Christian Institute, then just established at Andover. He occupied that position for fourteen years. In 1871 he was appointed State Superintendent of Public Schools, and was reappointed in 1873. He was subsequently elected Superintendent of Schools in Milford, Mass. In 1882 he was Principal of Burr and Benton Seminary, at Manchester, Vt., a school of high standing in that State. He has recently been elected President of the University of Dakota, located at Vermilion. Mr. Simonds has been repeatedly invited to many other positions of honor and usefulness.
JOHN R. EASTMAN was born July 29, 1836, on Beech Hill, in Andover ; was the son of Royal FF. Eastman ; attended the dis-
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HISTORY OF SALISBURY.
trict school and the Andover Academy, when not at work on the farm, and began to teach school when seventeen years old. He taught in Wilmot, Danbury, Weare, Beverly, Mass., and in Salisbury, in all eleven terms. He taught the district school at Salisbury "South Road," during the winter terms of 1860-61 and 1861-62, and the academy for the fall term of 1861. He entered the Scientific Department of Dartmouth College in 1860, and in 1862 graduated at the head of his class. On examination he was appointed assistant in the United States Naval Observatory, at Washington, D. C., in November, 1862, and promoted to Professor of Mathematics, U. S. Navy, with the rank of Lieutenant, in February, 1865. The degree of Ph. D. was conferred upon him by Dartmouth College in 1877. Since 1862 he has been actively engaged in astronomical work, and has now the rank of Commander, U. S. N. He married Mary Jane, daughter of Samuel A. Ambrose, of Boscawen.
SOCIAL LIBRARY.
Early in the year 1794, several of the citizens of Salisbury agreed to organize a voluntary association for the purpose of establishing and sustaining a library. The first regular meet- ing was held on the 27th of March, at the house of Rev. Mr. Worcester. Col. Ebenezer Webster was chosen chairman, and Andrew Bowers, clerk. The matter was from time to time discussed, and meetings were occasionally held to devise plans to accomplish the object. At length a petition was pre- sented to the General Court for an Act of Incorporation, with the right to hold funds for the benefit of the institution. A charter was granted in 1798, the corporators being Ebenezer Webster, Luke Wilder, Andrew Bowers, Reuben True, and John C. Gale. The extent of the capital allowed was one thousand dollars, in personal estate. All who made contribu- tions to the society were members, and authorized to exercise ยท a voice in its management.
At one of the early meetings of the proprietors of the library, on the first Monday in March, 1799, the following articles were adopted for the regulation of the institution :
221
EDUCATIONAL HISTORY.
I. Every Proprietor shall set his name to this, or such articles as the Society shall adopt, before he has any further privileges in the library, and as heretofore a right in the library shall be estimated at three dollars. A Proprietor by paying more than three dollars, exclusive of the annual tax, may have his privilege in- . creased in proportion to what he shall pay.
2. A committee of three persons shall be annually chosen by the Society, and said committee shall lay out the Society's money for the preservation and enlarge- ment of the library, as they shall judge the interest of the Society requires .*
The names of the early owners as far as the records show, are -
Thomas Worcester,
John Sweatt,
Luke Wilder,
Benjamin Pettengill,
Ebenezer Webster,
Amos Pettengill,
John C. Gale,
John Collins,
Theophilus Runlet,
Phinehas Eastman,
Leonard Judkins,
Peter Whittemore,
Joel Eastman,
Joseph [ name not legible,]
Stephen Sawyer,
John [ name not legible,]
Andrew Bowers,
Edward Quimby,
John Webster,
Edward West,
Stephen Webster,
Nathaniel Greely,
Robert Smith,
Joseph Abbott,
Joseph Downs,
Isaac Blaisdell,
Winthrop Fifield,
Benjamin [ name not legible,]
Stephen Greenleaf, Reuben True, Moses West,
Samuel C. Bartlett,
Jonathan P. Webster,
[ name not legible,] Webster,
William C. Little,
Parker Noyes,
Caleb Judkins,
Joseph Wardwell,
Theodore Cushing,
Moses Greeley,
Moses Eastman,
John White,
Benjamin Whittemore,
Israel W. Kelly,
Benjamin Whittemore, jr.,
Joseph Bartlett,
Henry Elkins, Moses Sawyer, jr.,
Stephen Fellows,
Samuel I. Wells,
Richard [ name not legible,]
Amos Fifield,
John B. Smith,
Lyman Hawley,
John Calef,
Benjamin Huntoon,
Daniel Smith,
John Taylor,
Ezekiel Colby,
Thomas R. White,
William Parsons,
Thomas R. Greenleaf,
Mary Pettengill,
John Smith,
John S. Winter,
Elias P. Smith,
Christopher Page.
Samuel Allen,
Benjamin Pettengill, jr.,
William Calef, 3d,
Samuel Quimby,
*The rules were numerous, reaching the number of twenty; the final one forbids that the books shall ever become private property without the consent of the Proprietors.
222
HISTORY OF SALISBURY.
For many years the annual meetings were held at the resi- dences of the members and the requisite officers chosen ; but we are not able to find a complete record. A few names are given. Andrew Bowers served as clerk until 1803. In March, 1852, the society met at Smith's Temperance House, and chose Stephen Fellows, chairman, Gilbert Eastman and T. D. Little, committee. At this date there were 474 volumes in the library and ninety-two cents in the treasury. From this time to March 9, 1859, when the last meeting was held, apparently not much interest was manifested. The same board was annually elected. At this time the number of books was 496. The treasurer reported cash on hand, March 1, 1855, $1.55; cash for taxes, $1.25; paid for two books, $1.50; cash on hand, March 7, 1859, $1.30.
Seldom did the funds of the society exceed ten dollars. As fast as any money came into the treasury it was expended for books. It was to this library that Mr. Webster referred when he said that his early reading was gathered from a small circu- lating library.
LITERARY ADELPHI.
This society was organized June 25, 1813, when the academy was in the height of its prosperity. It was composed largely of members of the academy, who generally conducted its literary exercises. It is said to have been founded by the following named persons :
William Baily, Joseph Walker,
Trueworthy Flanders,
Benjamin Huntoon,
Daniel Morse,
Joseph Connor,
Peter Bartlett,
Moses Pettengill,
Eliphalet Webster,
Jeremiah Elkins,
Joseph Bartlett, David Clark,
Isaac Colby, jr.,
Carlton Chase, William Shed,
Marvin Gates,
David Page,
Samuel Watkins.
William T. Haddock,
The preamble is as follows :
Convinced of the benefits of social intercourse and reciprocal friendship, anx- ious to derive all the advantages from society which mutual confidence, an inter- change of ideas and examination of opinions are calculated to afford, we have
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EDUCATIONAL HISTORY.
thought proper to form ourselves into an association for the purpose of literary improvement, the cultivation of friendship and the promotion of morality and virtue.
The following, among many others, were provisions of the Constitution :
The officers shall be a President, Vice President, Secretary, Inspector of Com- positions, and a Treasurer. The stated exercises shall be two orations; one to open and the other to close the meeting ; one extemporaneous, and one written dispute, and one dissertation. These exercises shall be assigned by the Secretary, and the questions for dispute read at the meeting preceding the performance; when in the opinion of the society any composition shall be worthy of preservation, a copy shall be deposited with the society.
A number of these compositions were printed but, so far as we are able to learn, none are now in existence. During term time meetings were held every Wednesday evening. For non- attendance the members were fined. Those only who excelled as scholars and sustained a good moral character were consid- ered eligible as candidates for admission to the society. Two dissenting votes forbade their entrance. Upon admission each candidate paid to the society a fee of seventy-five cents. Hon- orary membership was allowed. The constitution authorized public exhibitions for the performance of such original exercises as they thought proper to give. The following names are recorded as the list of members :
*Thomas Worcester.
*Andrew Bowers,
Samuel Whitney, Bela Adams, David C. Proctor,
Samuel l'ailey. Robert Smith, Stephen Sanborn, *Samuel I. Wells,
Joseph Wardwell,
Willard Sayles,
Isaac Jones, Simeon Bucknell,
Charles B. Haddock. Benjamin Eastman,
Jedediah Hoyt, jr ..
Edward Rollins,
John I). Abbott,
Rowel Colby, jr.,
Thomas Brown,
Stephen Goodhue, jr.,
John Ball, Henry Bond,
Stephen Sawyer,
Richard Fletcher,
Israel W. Kelly,
Charles French,
* Benjamin Woodbury, James Greely, Aaron Foster,
Levi Manuel, Nathan S. Colby,
Ebenezer C. Tracy,
Gilman Merrill,
Samuel Hill,
Amos Webster, Asa Mead,
John Taylor,
George Richardson,
Levi Hadlock, jr.,
A. B. Simpson,
Charles Robbins,
John Little,
James E. Seamans,
Thomas G. Buswell,
Jesse Sanborn,
*Joseph Bartlett,
*Moses Eastman,
Daniel Stickney,
Levi Hibard,
John Fifield,
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HISTORY OF SALISBURY.
Nathan Crosby, James O. Adams, P. Robinson, William Kelley,
Samuel Woodbury,
Samuel Huntington,
Joseph P. Stevens,
George Pomroy, T. J. Carter,
John Bartlett,
Asa Robbins,
Stephen G. Easton,
William C. Thompson,
Benjamin O. Adams,
John Calef,
John Jameson,
Jacob Little,
I). B. Pancost,
Amos Bean,
Joseph B. Eastman,
T. Gilman Worcester,
Edward West, jr.,
John R. Sandborn,
Joseph W. Daniels,
Arthur Latham,
Joshua L. Weare, jr.,
Noah Worcester,
Pearson Rolfe,
*John White,
John Proctor,
Henry Greenleaf,
*John Townsend,
John Jervis,
William G. Webster,
Benjamin Rolfe, Ezra Eastman,
Abel M. Quimby,
Leonard W. Noyes,
William Claggett,
Hiram Fifield,
Caleb P. Bailey,
Joel Eastman, jr.,
Albert Kelly,
Benjamin Noyes,
Moses Calef,
Enoch Colby,
Caleb Greenough,
Daniel Fitz,
Benjamin C. Cressey,
William P. Wells,
David P. Smith,
*Thomas Greenleaf.
Plumber Dodge,
Perley Dodge,
* Honorary members.
There were without doubt other members, but they are not known. Very soon after the organization these gentlemen con- tributed sums ranging from seventy-five cents to one dollar and a half, for the purpose of forming a library.
That some of the students had a leaning towards the gentler sex is shown by the fate of the following topic for discussion : "Which has the greatest influence upon society, women or money?" Decided for the former. The subjects for written disputes at this meeting were, "Is lying ever justifiable ?" de- cided in the negative; "Have slaves been a greater detriment than benefit to the United States?" decided in the affirmative.
The last meeting of the society was held in the middle of . June, 1819.
Aaron Kitridge,
Aaron Greene,
CHAPTER XV.
EARLY INDIAN HISTORY.
" Lo! the poor Indian, whose untutored mind Sees God in clouds, or hears him in the wind, His soul proud Science never taught to stray Far as the solar walk or milky way.
Y'et simple nature to his hope has given,
Behind the cloud-topp'd hill, an humble heaven."
No more difficult task has occupied the pen of poet or orator, the theologian or philosopher, than that of describing the charac- teristics of the American Indian. How successful or how vain have been all efforts to civilize or christianize him, let other history tell. After two and a half centuries of studied devotion to his welfare, he remains an Indian. "Soon we shall hear the roar of the last wave that will settle over him forever."
THE PRINCIPAL TRIBES.
At the first settlement of New England there were five prin- cipal tribes of Indians :
I. The Pequots of Connecticut.
II. The Narragansetts of Rhode Island.
III. The Pawkunnawkutts, in the southeastern part of Mas- sachusetts.
IV. The Massachusetts, inhabiting the country about the bay of that name.
V. The Pawtucketts, inhabiting the country adjacent to the Pawtuckett Falls. Subject to the control of this latter tribe were several smaller ones.
The Penacooks occupied the country about Concord. There was another tribe in Canada known as the St. Francois, who frequented the country now New Hampshire, and occasionally 15
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HISTORY OF SALISBURY.
Massachusetts, especially the valley of the Merrimack. The Merrimack river and its intervales were their highway. To this latter tribe are due most of the depredations and massacres from which the early settlers of New Hampshire suffered.
It is understood that the Penacooks were friendly to the whites till the real or fancied outrages committed upon them gave them reason for retaliation. Soon after the massacre at Dover the Penacooks went to St. Francis, Canada, and joined those Indians, and for seventy years after their departure they continued their raids upon the white settlers in this section, till the peace of 1755.
CHRISTO.
Among the Penacooks were some who had been converted by the Apostle Eliot, at Namaskeag, or Amoskeag Falls. One of these was Christo, the English name being Christian, often called Christi. His cabin was on the banks of a small stream emptying into the Merrimack, just below Amoskeag Falls. Here he lived by hunting and fishing, and was on the most friendly terms with the whites as late as 1744. Being suspected of assisting the hostile Indians in one of their battles with the settlers, his cabin was laid in ashes. In 1746 he retired from the presence of the whites in New Hampshire, joined the St. Francois tribe and became hostile to the settlers.
PLAUSAWA AND SABBATIS.
In 1747 Christo assisted Plausawa and Sabbatis, at Epsom, in the capture of Mrs. McCoy and in the burning of her house. He probably died at St. Francis in 1757. Plausawa and Sab- batis, two of the St. Francois tribe, made frequent excursions to this section and were always in company. These two notables were in peace distrusted and in war hated; and the governors of Massachusetts and New Hampshire gave them much greater consideration, in a human view, than they were worthy to re- ceive. We shall say enough of these men in what follows to enable the reader to form a just estimate of their character. The name Sabbatis is Indian for the French Jean-Baptiste, or
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INDIAN HISTORY.
the English John Baptist. Plausawa, or more correctly Plawn- sawa, is the Indian or French name Francois, the St. Francois tribe using P instead of F and L instead of R, in their attempts to pronounce the names given them by their Jesuit priests.
BOWEN AND MORRILL.
In 1753 Plausawa and Sabbatis were both slain, either in the town of Salisbury or Boscawen, (Stevenstown or Contoocook,) there is no means at this late day of telling which ; or whether their slayers, Peter Bowen and John (or Jacob or Henry ) Mor- rill, were residents of one town or the other; nor is there any- thing to show whether they were slain by Bowen and Morrill in self-defence, or wantonly. They were buried in the town of Salisbury, under Indian Bridge, this name being given the bridge because the two Indians were buried there. The next spring after the burial their bodies became exposed, and they were taken up and buried somewhere else, perhaps on the other side of the Merrimack river, in what is now Northfield, then Canterbury ; but no one knows to this day the exact resting- place of these two Indian freebooters, any more than we know the exact burial place of Moses. We give hereafter all the his- tory, the different published accounts that have come to hand.
Bowen lived in what is now Franklin for several years after this, his dwelling being just a few rods south of the Burleigh mansion. Its remains still exist. What became of him no man can tell. It is the tradition that he feared the avenger and removed to some distant section of the country, and under an assumed name spent the remaining days of his life. Morrill lived and died in Salisbury. He was a soldier of the Revolu- tion and participated in many of its battles. The three towns of Boscawen, Salisbury and Canterbury, including what is now Northfield, were the theatre of this singular tragedy.
The Arosagunticook, or St. Francois Indians, pretended to have accepted christianity from the Jesuits. They had little of the form of godliness and none of the power or spirit. Since 1749 this tribe had been on friendly terms with the settlers in Contoocook, Canterbury and Stevenstown, and they came and
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HISTORY OF SALISBURY.
went at their pleasure, and were kindly and hospitably treated, it being the desire of all the inhabitants to give them no cause of offence. These two above named were frequent visitors.
The settlers of the Connecticut valley were at this time mak- ing preparations to occupy the rich meadows of the great "Ox- Bow," at Haverhill, and Newbury, Vt., ascending the Connecti- cut from "Charlestown, No. 4." The Indians, jealous of what they regarded as an encroachment upon their own domain, threatened retaliation. Sabbatis and Plausawa, who had been about in the region of Salisbury, receiving the friendly assuran- ces and hospitality of the settlers, suddenly slyed away, stealing two negro slaves, one belonging to a Mr. Miles and the other to a Mr. Lindsey, of Canterbury. One of the negroes made his escape, while the other was taken to Crown Point and sold to a French officer. The hypocrisy, treachery and dissimulation of Sabbatis and Plausawa irritated the settlers. After stealing the two slaves, Sabbatis and Plausawa revisited the settlements to sell their furs, etc., and stayed for some time about Pena- cook, Contoocook, Canterbury and Stevenstown. They had the audacity to claim hospitality from the very people in Can- terbury from whom they had stolen the slaves, and in the ab- sence of the master of one house had threatened his wife with personal violence. Such boldness and criminal daring moved the fierce anger of Mr. Lindsey, and Bowen and Morrill were men who very naturally sympathized with him.
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