USA > New Jersey > Essex County > Newark > A History of the city of Newark, New Jersey : embracing practically two and a half centuries, 1666-1913, Volume I > Part 1
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Gc 974.902 N51h v. 1 1917114
REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02255 6499
A HISTORY
OF THE CITY OF NEWARK
NEW JERSEY
ARK
CITY
SEAL
NC
1836
ORPORATED
EMBRACING PRACTICALLY TWO AND A HALF CENTURIES 1666-1913
ILLUSTRATED
V.1
VOLUME I.
PUBLISHERS THE LEWIS HISTORICAL PUBLISHING CO. NEW YORK CHICAGO
1913
COPYRIGHT, 1913 THE LEWIS HISTORICAL PUBLISHING CO.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUMES I. AND II.
1917114
. FOREWORD.
CHAPTER I. PREHISTORIC NEWARK .- Laying the State's Foundations- The Passaic and Weegnahic-Theories as to Prehistoric Man. Pages 3-10
CHAPTER II. THE INDIANS AND THE DUTCH .- Old Indian Highways -The Red Man on the Coast-Indian Traditions and Tribal Divisions- Jersey Indian Characteristics-The Lenni Lenape Religion-Marriage -Training of the Boys-Medicine Men-The Indians and "Fire Water" -Inhumanity of the Dutch-The Pavonia Massaere-The Last Stand of the Lenni Lenape-The Passing of the Jersey Indians. Pages 11-25 CHAPTER III. PURITAN UNREST-THE ENGLISH AND NEW JERSEY. -Puritans Look Toward Newark Region-The New Haven Theocracy- Puritan Intolerance-Persecution of the Quakers-New Haven Colony Merged With Connecticut-Pastor Pierson's Activities-Early Efforts for a New Settlement-New Jersey as the English Found It-The Form of Government-Functions of the Assembly-Inducements Offered Settlers-The Trouble-Making Nicholls' Grants-The Duke of York Annexes Staten Island-The Three Epochs of English Government in New Jersey. Pages 29-42
CHAPTER IV. PREPARATIONS FOR THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWARK .- Selecting the Town Site-The visit to the Delaware-Seventeenth Cen- tury Estimates of the Newark Region-Insense of the Forest Primeval -Refusal of Possession by the Indians-Why Did Carteret Decline to Pay the Indians ?- Robert Treat's Account-Honest Dealings with the Natives-The First Purchases of Land-Date of Settlement, Sources of Information-The Landing Place-Divident Hill and the "Triangle"- The Elizabethtown Bill in Chancery-Location of Divident Hill-Early Organization of Newark Settlers-First Town Committee-Branford Croup and the "Fundamental Agreements"-Newark's Four Scriptural Foundation Stones-Subordinate Agreements-The "Special Conces- sions" Theory-A "Wall" That Soon Crumbled. Pages 47-69
CHAPTER V. THE FOUNDERS .- The Milford, Guilford and New Haven Signers-The Signers of Branford-Biographies of the Leading Men- Robert Treat-The Rev. Abraham Plerson-Jasper Crane-Deacon Lawrence Ward-John Ward, Turner-Josiah Ward-Micah Tomkins -Hauns Albers and Hugh Roberts-Stephen Bond-John Catlin- Robert Kitehell-Jeremiah Peck. Pages 73-88
CHAPTER VI. ON THE GROUND-ALLOTMENT OF THE LAND .- The Original City Planners-Encouraging the
Industries-The Water Courses-The Passaic; an Old Time Description-Ancient Forests; Kinds of Trees-The Wild Animals-Land Ready for the Settler- Apportionment of the Land-The Original Town Plat-The First Parti- tions of Real Estate-The First Tax Board-The Original Ratings- Later Allotments. Pages 89-115
CHAPTER VII. THE HOME BUILDERS-EARLY TOWN ORGANIZATION. -The First Houses-An Almost Ideal Democracy-How They Did the Town's Work-On a Military Footing; Potency of the Drum-The First Inn-Building the Church-The Cattle Pound and Its Importance- Ladders for Fire Protection-The First Courts-Preparing for Com- merce-The "Towns Men"-Early Indifference as to Exercising the Right of Suffrage-The Town's Defensive Force-The First Grist Mill -Robert Treat's Last Important Service-Apprehensive of War- Fortifying the Church-Early Protection of Shade Trees-Quarantine Against New York Small-Pox-The Night Watch-A Tannery in 1676 --- Keeping Out Strangers-Curbing Frivolity and Disorder-Passing of the First Generation. Pages 119-140
iii.
TABLE OF CONTENTS-Continued.
CHAPTER VIII. THE LORDS PROPRIETORS VERSUS THE PEOPLE .- - New Jersey's First Assembly-Fight Against Quit-rents Begun-Bold Opposition to Governor Carteret-Newark's Firm Stand-The Dutch Re-conquest, 1673-English Authority Resumed, 1674-Attempt to Absorb New Jersey in New York-Brave Defiance of Andros by the People-East Jersey Under , Twenty-four Proprietors-East Jersey's Population Over 5,000 in 1681-King James's Last Effort to Get Back New Jersey -- Anti-Proprietary Movement Grows-Details of the Strug- gle; the "Revolution" --- A Jersey "Lexington" in 1700-Newark Gives Aid to Fellow Insurgents-The First Newark Riots-The Sixty Horse- men-Lords Proprietors "Drummed Out" of Power, 1702. Pages 143-159
CHAPTER IX. THE COMMON LANDS-EARLY LAWS AND PENALTIES- QUARRIES AND MINES-CURRENCY .- The Patent of 1696-The Trusteeship-Passing of the Trusteeship-Selling Common Lands- - Beginning of the City Parks-Last Phase of Common Lands Disposal -Early Laws and Penalties-Newark's First Hanging, 1738-A People of Deeds and Few Words-The First Vehicles-Newark Famed for Its Cider-The First Saw Mill, 1695-Newark's Quarries-The Schuyler Copper Mines and Others-Currency from 1665 to 1776. Pages 163-178
CHAPTER X. NEWARK, MOTHER OF TOWNS-A CENTURY-LONG CHURCH CONTROVERSY-PRINCETON COLLEGE IN NEWARK .- Making Roads of Indian Trails-Twelve Highways Provided For, 1705 -Other Highways-The "Mountain Society"-Essex County's Popula- tion in 1730-Colonel Josiah Ogden Breaks the Sabbath-An Epoch- Making Dissension-The Founding of Trinity Episcopal Church-The Feud That Lasted for a Century-Trinity Church Building Fund Aug- mented by a Lottery-Lotteries Throughout the Province-Dr. Aaron Burr-David Brainerd and Yale-Ordained a Missionary in Newark -- The Austere Training of Boys-1700-1750-Princeton College in New- ark-The First Commencement-Requirements for Admission-Why the College Left Newark-College Life in Newark-The Course of Study-Dr. Burr's Marriage-Young Shippen's Letters-A Woman of Rare Qualities ---- The College's Influence on Newark-A Remarkable Roll of Honor. Pages 181-212
CHAPTER XI. THE GREAT NEWARK RIOTS-FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS AND COLONEL PETER SCHUYLER-ROAD DEVELOPMENT -- FIRST STAGE LINES .- The Jail Delivery of 1746-Governor Belchor's Warning -Essex County a Battleground The French and Indian Wars Colonel Peter Schuyler . The First Campaign -The See- ond Call to Arms -- A Gentleman and a Soldler-Colonel Schuyler's Welcome Home-Later Enlistments-Colonel Schuyler's Death-"Jer- sey Blue"-Newark's Growth, 1750-1760-The Old Plank Road -- The New York-Philadelphia Road-The First Newark-New York Line-The Newark-New York-Philadelphia Stage, 1768-The Early Ferries-The First Post Offices-An Old Newark Iron Foundry-A Cattle Fair of 1768-St. John's Lodge of Free Masons -- Eighteenth Century Newark Homes-Newark a Place for "Country Seats"-New Jersey's First Tramps-Death Penalty for Horse Stealing. Pages 215-243
·
CHAPTER XH. THE GATHERING OF THE STORM .- Temper of the Colon- ists Misunderstood-New Jersey's Devotion to the Crown-New Jersey's "Sons of Liberty"-Jersey "Sons" and the Stamp Act-The New Jersey Assembly and the Stamp Act Congress-The Conservatism of Ogden of Essex-Ogden Burned in Elligy at Elizabethtown-The Ten Tax- Gloom at Princeton-New Jersey's "Tea Bonfire"-Essex County Takes the Lead-An Epoch-making Newark meeting, June 11, 1774-Essex's Call to Her Sister Counties-Newark Formally Declares Herself- A Fearless Grand Jury-Governor Franklin's Warning Ignored-The
iv.
TABLE OF CONTENTS-Continued.
First Call for Militia, August, 1775-The Arrest of Governor Franklin -The Last of the Royal Governors-The Two Franklins-Father and Son-New Jersey's "Declaration of Independence." Pages 247-268 CHAPTER XIII. THE NEW JERSEY CONTINENTAL LINE-MINUTE MEN -THE MILITIA ORGANIZATION-STATE TROOPS .- The "Fighting Parsons"-Newark at War With Itself-Washington in Newark, June 25, 1775-Essex County's Population in 1775-Making Ready for War-First Establishment, New Jersey Line-Second Establishment, "For the War" -- Essex County Continentals-Maxwell's Brigade-The Third Establishment-The Militia Organization-Anclent Aversion to a Standing Army-The Essex County Militia-The Minute Men-Essex Militia's First Service-The Flying Camp-Monthly Classes-Increasing Difficulty of Militia Maintenance-The "State Troops"-How They Responded to the Call to Arms-The Militia's Battle Record-Jemima Condict's Diary.
Pages 271-287
CHAPTER XIV. THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE-NEWARK AND ESSEX IN THE STRUGGLE .- Washington's Instructions to Essex County Folk -The Retreat, as Described at the Time-Soldiers' Appeals to Patriot- ism-Washington Fears the Worst-"The Conduct of the Jerseys Has Been Infamous"-Between the Hackensack and Passaic-Cornwallis's Delay the Patriots' Salvation-The Army in Newark-Washington's Letters to Lee-The Army's Wish to Remain in Newark-The "Times That Try Men's Souls"-The Departure from Newark-Newark in the Grip of the Enemy-Pastor Macwhorter's Account-Plunderers and Vandals in Bloomfield-Enemy's Brutality Inflames All New Jersey- The Quickening of the Militia-Newark a Patriot Outpost-Washing- ton's Visits to Newark-Washington Charged With Treachery -- Activities at Second River-General Clinton's Descent Upon Essex County-Clinton's Headquarters Opposite Belleville-The Enemy's Night March from Newark-An All-day Battle at Second River- Clinton Exceedingly Cautious-Clinton Counts His Plunder.
Pages 291-322
CHAPTER XV. WAR-WORN NEWARK, 1778-1780 .- The Second Jersey Continental Line Regiment's Winter in Newark -- Patriotic Toasts In 1778 --- Did General Wayne Camp in Newark ?- "Light Horse Harry" Lee's Descent Upon Paulus Hook-Capture of Tory Recruits at Second River-A Newark Store in 1779-Burning of Newark Academy and the Martyrdom of Joseph Hedden-British and American Accounts of the Expedition-A Skirmish at Market and Broad Streets-Reprisals; an "Underground Railway" -- Connecticut Farnes, June 7, 1780-Knyp- hansen's Blunders-The Murder of Mrs. Caldwell and Its Effect Upon the People-After the Battle; Statement of a Continental Officer -- Militia Flock to the Colors -- A British Explanation-Americans Greatly Outnumbered-The Last Battle of Springfield-Steadiness of the Jersey Militia-The Bloody Return to Elizabethtown-The Last Battle in New Jersey. Pages 325-348
CHAPTER XVI. SUFFERING OF NEWARK LOYALISTS-A FEW OF NEWARK'S PATRIOTS .- Confiscation of Tory Estates-Judge David Ogden, Irreconcilable-The Longworths-The Rev. Dr. Isaac Browne- Dauntless Newark Patriots-Dr. William Burnet-Captain William San- ford Pennington-Major Samuel Hayes-Caleb Bruen-The Camp Family-Captain Eliakim Littell-Lieutenant Conger-Captain Wheeler -Josiah Beach-Captain Holden-Lieutenant-Colonel Cumming.
Pages 351-366
CHAPTER XVII. THE FIRST BRIDGE-NEWARK AS TRAVELERS SAW IT, 1679-1800-ERA OF THE STAGE COACH .- Demoralized by the War-Town Meeting Government Continued-The First Postmasters- Prosperity Starts With the Bridges-Traveler Wansey's Account-The
V.
-
-
TABLE OF CONTENTS-Continued.
Domestic Servant Problem in 1794-Real Estate Values in 1794-"One of the Neatest and Prettiest Towns"-The Mosquito Pest in 1679 and 1748-"One of the Finest Villages in America"-The Village Beautiful -The Days of the Stage Coach, 1794-1840-The New York-Philadelphia Lines-The Short Line Stages-Fast Travel Across the State-A Losing Struggle With the Railroads-Intersecting Stage Lines-The Old Mail Coach Guard-The Era of the Turnpike. Pages 369-394
CHAPTER XVIII. CIVIC PRIDE, 1787-1800-THE FIRE MENACE AND HOW IT WAS MET-THE NIGHT WATCH .- The Town's Second Academy-St. John's Lodge Ceremonies-Trinity Church in 1796-The Fire Menace-The Burning of the Boudinot House-Fire Companies; the First Fire Engines-Town's Centre a Tinder-box-Snowballs as Fire Extinguishers-Pump Owners Scolded-The First Fire Insurance Company-Night Watch a Police Force-Public Execution of Mur- derers-Organizing Against Thieves-Corporation Greed in 1806- County Jail and Debtor's Prison. Pages 397-416 CHAPTER XIX. THE VILLAGE TAVERNS AND THEIR INFLUENCE- EMINENT MEN IN NEWARK-WASHINGTON IRVING AND "COCK- LOFT HALL."-The "Rising Sun," the "Eagle" and Other Inns-Archer Gifford's Tavern-Newark as a Market Centre-Business Grows at the "Four Corners" -- When Daughters of Old Families Drove Cows-Mak- ing Love by Acrostic-Distinguished Sojourners-Town of Newark "Perhaps Handsomest in the World"-Washington Irving Here-"Cock- loft Hall"-French Influence in Newark. Pages 419-442 CHAPTER XX. EVOLUTION OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN NEWARK- THE WHISKEY INSURRECTION-THE MILITIA, 1793-1798 .- The Birth of Democracy in Newark-The Federalists of Newark -- Breeches Give Way to Pantaloons-The Growth of Democracy-Patriotism and the Flagstaff-Newark and the Whiskey Insurrection-"Jersey Blue"- The Militia and Politics-Citizen-Soldiers' Uniforms, 1793-1794-Wear- ing the Uniform to Church-Muster and Training Days-Maneuvers of the Essex Brigade. Pages 445-461
CHAPTER XXI. INDEPENDENCE DAY IN NEWARK, 1788-1836-DIS- TINGUISHED VISITORS OF THAT PERIOD .- Reasons for Industrial Parade of 1788-The New Constitution-A Bower Constructed Within Three Hours -- Uproar in the Church, 1799 -Platoon Firing, 1804- Afraid of England, 1805-A Sham Battle in 1806-John Homespun and John Bull .A United Community in @1812- Remarkable Industrial Parado In 1821 Toasts Tell Spirit of the Times Rev. Hooper Cum- ming's Stirring Oration, 1823 Absence of Drunkenness Causes Surprise - The Fiftieth Anniversary-The Cincinnati-Daniel Webster Toasts New Jersey, 1832- Passing of the Veterans-Washington's Birthday- President Adams in Newark-Two Visits from Lafayette -- Andrew Jackson and Henry Clay. Pages 465-497
$
CHAPTER XXI. THE RISE OF NEWARK'S INDUSTRIES; THE FOUND- ERS .- The First Newark Shoemakers-Industrialism and Patriotism --- Newark's Part in the Founding of Paterson-Early Factories-The First Carrlage Makers -- The Pioneer Hatters-An Influential Merchant-The Beginnings of Jewelry-making -- The first Labor Agitation -- Newark's Early Breweries-Moses Combs and the Leather Industry-A Genius for Organization-Zeal of the Manufacturers-Combs as a Reformer- The First Free Schools- - Combs's Many Activities-Leather and Pros- perity - Luther Goble - Early Motive Power -Seth Boyden-A Remark- able Man-llis First Inventions-Surprising Versatility-First Patent Leather Made in the Country-Boyden's Malleable Iron Discovery-The Boyden Locomotives- . Boyden and S. F. B. Morse-Smelting Zinc Ore --- A Tireless Worker for the Common Good-Newark's First Industrial Census --- Rapid Growth In the 1830's. Pages 501-534
vi.
·
TABLE OF CONTENTS-Continued.
CHAPTER XXIII. NEWARK, MOTHER OF TOWNS-THE COURT HOUSE ELECTION SCANDAL-LAW AND ORDER .- Essex County-The "Great Court House Election"-Women at the Polls-Newark's Hollow Vietory-Woman Suffrage in New Jersey -- Newark Retains County Seat -Sunday Observance-Zealots Come to Grief-Some Causes of the Unrest-The Night Watch in 1827-A Newspaper Sermon-Lawless- ness Described in Verse -- The Germans and Law and Order. Pages 537-555 CHAPTER. XXIV. THE BUILDING OF THE STREETS-WATER TRAFFIC -RAILROADS .- The New Arteries and Their Influence -- Neglect of the Streets, 1807-Fighting Encroachments, 1800-1810-Striving to Stir Civic Pride-Broad Street a Mudhole, 1832-A Returned New- arker's Lament, 1834-The First Pavements-Reminiscences of Centre Street-Opening of the Morris Canal, 1832-The Coming of Hard Coal -From Periaugers to Steamboats-The Whalers, 1837-Newark Com- merce, 1833-A Burying Ground Episode-Newark's First Railroad- The Morris and Essex, 1835-The Erie and the Central -- Newark's First Horse Cars, 1862-The First Sunday Cars-The Coming of the Trolley, 1890.
Pages 559-589 CHAPTER XXV. FAREWELL TO THE VILLAGE-THE WAR OF 1812- ELISHA BOUDINOT .- Newark's First Water Company, 1801-Increas- ing Industrial Prosperity-Newark Ready for War, 1807-Martial Scene in Military Park, 1812-Prepared to Meet Invasion, 1814- "Don't Give Up the Soil!"-Return of "the Hero of Plattsburgh"-The Mustering Out of "Jersey Blue"-Elias and Elisha Boudinot-Justice Bradley's Estimate of Elisha-Judge Boudinot to Washington-Wash- ington's Letter to Boudinot-Boudinot Wins a Slave His Freedom- Family Reminiscences-Some of Boudinot's Public Services-Boudinot a Founder of Jersey City-Death of a Town Father. Pages 593-611 CHAPTER XXVI. NEWARK A CITY .- Newark's First City Fathers-The City Seal-The Several Homes of City Government-City Hall and Court House-City Offices in Centre Market-City Hall at Broad and William Streets-Present City Hall Opened, 1906-From "Night Watch" to Police Deparment-Mayor Bigelow Speaks Out-The Board of flealth -Early Complaint of River Pollution-Sewer Development-The Fire Department-A Disastrous Fire, 1836-Shoveling Paths for Engines, 1845-First Fireman to Perish on Duty, 1857-City Hydrants, 1846- Reorganization In 1854-Subsequent Advancement-Exempt Firemen's Association-Board of Public Works, 1891-Abuse of Military Park- From Candles to Electric Light -- First GaRight, 1846-A Rival Gas Company-Edison and Weston. Pages 615-642 CHAPTER XXVII. THE ANTE-BELLUM MAYORS-OTHER NEWARK LEADERS-EARLY IRISH RESIDENTS .- William Halsey -- Theodore Frelinghuysen-James Miller-Oliver Spencer Halstead-William Wright-Stephen Dod -- Beach Vanderpool-James M. Quinby-Horace J. Poinier-Moses Bigelow-Newarkers of National Reputation-Gov- ernor William Pennington, 1796-1862-Distinguished Visitors-Wil- liam B. Kinney, 1799-1880-Frederick T. Frelinghuysen, 1817-1885 -- Joseph P. Bradley, 1813-1892-Cortlandt Parker, 1818-1907 -- Amaz- ing Growth of Newark, 1826-1836-"Lest We Forget"-Significant Criticism -- The Coming of the Irish-Father Patrick Moran-The Mexi- can War-The Passaic River in the Sixties-Newark in 1876.
Pages 645-674
CHAPTER XXVIII. NEWARK IN THE CIVIL WAR .- Early Newark Aboli- tionists-Trouble Over the Negroes-Riot in a Church-Mayor Bige- low's Declaration-Lincoln in Newark-Great Mass Meeting-Common Council's Action-Newark Women Organize-Newark's First Regi- ment-Runyon's Brigade -- Second Regiment-Battle List -- General
vii.
.
TABLE OF CONTENTS-Continued.
Phillp Kearny-Colonel Isaac M. Tucker-Colonel Samuel L. Buck- Colonel James N. Duffy-Eighth Regiment-Colonel Adolphus J. John- son-General William H. Ward-Brevet Brigadier-General John Ramsey -Battery B-The Fighting Thirteenth-Colonel Ezra A. Carman- Brevet Brigadier-General Frederick H. Harris-Surgeon John J. II. Love-Adjutant Baldwin-Twenty-sixth Regiment-Colonel Andrew J. Morrison-Major William W. Morris-Draft Riots-Thirty-third Regi- ment-Colonel George W. Mindil-Drummer Boy Magee-Governor Marcus L. Ward-Soldiers' Hospital and Home-Newark Medical Men in Service-Camp Frelinghuysen-Memorable Independence Day- Assassination of Lincoln. Pages 677-729
CHAPTER XXIX. EDUCATION-THE EVOLUTION OF THE NEWARK PUBLIC SCHOOLS, 1876-1913 .- First School Building, About 1700 -- Dr. Burr's Latin Grammar-Education for the Children of the Poor, 1774-The First Newark Academy, 1774-Dr. Macwhorter's Philosoph- ical Academy, 1783-The Second Newark Academy, 1792-An Early Plea for Women's Rights-The White School House, 1792-1848-New- ark a School Centre, 1798-1810-Newark Academy, 1834-1913-From Moses Combs to Public Schools-"For the Schooling of the Poor," 1813 -The First Public School Buildings-Objections to Public Schools- The First Board of Education, 1851-Third High School in the Country -Normal School Beginnings, 1855-Public School Education Since Early 1880's-Nathan Hedges and Bernard Kearney-Kearney a Mas- ter Teacher-St. Mary's Academy-St. Benedict's College-Carteret Book Clubs-Newark Museum Association. Pages 733-762
CHAPTER XXX. LIBRARIES-NEWSPAPERS-LITERARY NEWARK- - THE EARLY STAGE .- The First Library, 1765-A "Literary Fair" in 1765-The "Institutio Legalis"-Apprentices' Library, 1821-The New- ark Library Association, 1845-Circulating Library of St. John's Church -New Jersey Historical Society, 1845-Newark Free Public Library, 1888-Newark's Pioneer Newspapers-Wood's Gazette, 1791-The Cen- tinel of Freedom, 1796-1895-The Telescope, 1809-1810-A Journal Typical of Its Time-The Eagle, 1820-The Daily Advertiser, 1832- 1906-The Evening Journal, 1857-Last Half-century of Journalism- Literary Newark-The Beginnings of the Theatre-The Waverly Fair. Pages 765-799
CHAPTER XXXI. MUSIC IN NEWARK .- An Early Chorus Leader-The Harmonie Society, 1830-Ilandel and Haydn Society, 1831-First Oratorio Given In Newark, 1837-A Fruitful Decade, 1831-1840- Genesis of German Singing Societies-Ninety-two Concerts From 1831- 1841-Eminent Soloists in Newark-Newark Sacred Music Association -First Opera in Newark, 1855-Famous Artists Here, 1850-1860- Schubert Vocal Society, 1860-Newark Madrigal Club, 1886-Orpheus Club, 1889-Concert Halls. Pages 803-815
CHAPTER XXXII. FROM THE REBELLION TO THE PRESENT .- The City's Two Hundredth Anniversary-The Industrial Exhibition of 1872 -Newark Becomes Cosmopolitan-Dedication of the Kearny Statue, 1880-Newark in the Spanish-American War-Monsignor Doane- Statues and Tablets-Conclusion. Pages 819-845
APPENDIX A. Chronological Table of Events in Newark's History, From the Founding of the Town in 1666 to the Present. Pages 849-857
APPENDIX B. The Essex County Park System. Pages 858-863
APPENDIX C. Newark's Water Supply. Pages 863-866
APPENDIX D). Chronological Table of Newark's Population. Page 867
APPENDIX E. Chronological Table, Newark's Mayors. Page 867
viii.
TABLE OF CONTENTS-Continued.
APPENDIX F. Chronological Table, Chiefs of the Police Department.
Page 868
APPENDIX G. Chronological Table, Chiefs of the Fire Department.
Page 868
APPENDIX H. Officers of Newark Regiments in the Civil War.
Pages 868-884
APPENDIX I. Delegates to the Continental Congress, Senators and Repre- sentatives From Essex County, 1774-1913. Page 884
Index to History.
Page 1126
SPECIAL HISTORICAL CONTRIBUTIONS.
Rise and Growth of Manufactures. By James M. Reilly. Newark Banks and Banking. By W. M. Van Deusen. Pages 931-948 Church History. By Rev. Joseph F. Folsom. Pages 949-1016
Pages 887-930
Medical History. By William S. Disbrow, M. D. Pages 1017-1020
The Germans in Newark. By William von Katzler.
Pages 1021-1125
VOLUME III.
Biographical Sketches.
Page 1 to finis
ix.
Foreword
N the writing of this history the aim has been to give in simple narrative all facts, both great and seemingly small, that tend to show how the Newark of the pres- ent day has been built up, generation by generation. Anything and everything that seemed to add life, light and color to the story, that was to be found and was authentic, has been made use of. A sincere effort has been made, also, to make the history attractive and interesting to those who, although they may care little for the reading of history, may wish to become familiar with the making of their own city from the day of its foundation as a hamlet, to the present. At the same time, the student of history has not been altogether forgotten, and a guide to further study is offered in constant reference to the authorities quoted, with information as to where and how other material may be obtained.
An excellent index has been supplied, being the work of Mr. William B. Morningstern of the staff of the Newark Free Public Library. The index is far more complete than those usually sup- plied in works of this character. The history is thus made readily accessible to students, and the pupils of Newark's schools, and all others who may feel drawn to gather the facts about one phase or another of Newark's history.
Much information is also given in the nine appendices. In the Chronological List of leading events in the city's history (Appendix A) is given a mass of information, much of which is not to be found in the main work, and is presented in the table for ready reference.
Liberal use has been made of the early newspapers, from which has been drawn a store of reliable information as it was set down almost at the very moment of the happenings. This will be found especially true in the chapters devoted to the War for Independence and in those that tell of the coming of Newark's industries immediately after that war.
A bibliography of the works consulted during the writing of
oh xi.
this history is not given here, but the authorities quoted are credited in the annotations or in the text itself. The New Jersey Archivos, especially those given over to the early newspapers, have proven of the highest value, and are herewith urgently recom- educators as a most valuable source of information for their pupils. Other works to which this history is especially indebted are: Gordon's History of New Jersey, Gordon's Gazeteer of New Jersey, Barber and Howe's Historical Collections of New Jersey, Shaw's History of Essex and Hudson Counties, and Joseph Atkinson's History of Newark.
The work would not have been possible without the New Jersey Historical Society Library, the Free Public Library, and the New York Historical Society. For the courtesies extended by these libraries the writer hereby returns his thanks. The material in these institutions has been made use of more or less constantly during the entire year and a half in which this history has been in preparation.
Grateful acknowledgment is made of the kindly and valuable assistance of Miss Maud E. Johnson, of the New Jersey Historical Society. Her thorough knowledge of the resources of the library as bearing upon the subject in hand has greatly facilitated the prep- aration of this work. Expression of the writer's indebtedness is also made to: Mr. Theodore Umbscheiden, of the Newark Municipal Library ; Mr. William Nelson, of Paterson, New Jersey's foremost living historian; Mr. Henry B. Kummel, New Jersey State Geolo- gist; Mr. Clarence E. Tobin, at one time secretary of the Newark City Hall Commission; Mr. Edward S. Rankin, engineer in charge of the Department of Sewers and Drainage of the Board of Street and Water Commissioners; Mr. James O. Smith, a veteran of the Thirteenth New Jersey Volunteer Infantry; Mr. Frank Bergen, general counsel for the Public Service Corporation; Mr. G. Wisner Thorne, Mr. Forrest B. Spaulding, Mr. William S. Hunt, Mr. Daniel E. Hervey, and to many others who have willingly responded to requests for information.
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