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GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02246 7119
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Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center
http://www.archive.org/details/newjerseyascolon02inleef
New Jersey as a Colony and as a State
NEW JERSEY
AS A. COLONY AN last at liqe emis noid J ai beteilad : aloT & M. dill quisincero, mi botellas Das197and coido andmulo) to mineid ist
Issage-reiheord bas Ieroggy tastujhA
WILLIAM OGONFRYKTER MIR andywith My OnA.M. GARRET D. W.IVADOMINGUES CAFUMARHAT SICHTE
VOLUME TWO
THE PUBLISHING SOCIETY OF NEW JERSEY NEW YORK
WILLIAM SCUDDER STRYKER, LL.D.
Born Trenton, N. J., June 6, 1838; grad. Princeton College 1858.
Enlisted in Union army April 16, 1861; assisted in organizing 14th N. J. Vols .; aide-de-camp rank of major; senior paymas- ter District of Columbus, Ohio; brevetted lieutenant-colonel; resigned June 30, 1866.
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Adjutant-general and brigadier general of New Jersey April 12, 1867, till his death; brevetted major-general "for long and meritorious service" Feb. 9, 1874.
Author of numerous works and mono- graphs relating to New Jersey history.
Died Trenton, Oct. 29, 1900.
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NEW JERSEY
AS A COLONY AND AS A STATE
One of the Original Thirteen
BY FRANCIS BAZLEY LEE
ASSOCIATE BOARD OF EDITORS
WILLIAM S. STRYKER, LL.D .: WILLIAM NELSON, A.M. GARRET D. W. VROOM: ERNEST C. RICHARDSON, PH.D.
VOLUME TWO
THE . ST
THE .GRECA
. NEW JERSEY
MDCCLXXVI
THE PUBLISHING SOCIETY OF NEW JERSEY NEW YORK MDCCCCIII
COPYRIGHT, 1902, BY THE PUBLISHING SOCIETY OF NEW JERSEY All Rights Reserved
PUBLICATION OFFICE 41 LAFAYETTE PLACE NEW YORK, N. Y., U. S. A.
1214059
DEDICATED TO WILLIAM SCUDDER STRYKER
Goodspeed -22,50 (2 val
SYNOPSIS OF CHAPTERS
CHAPTER I WHIG OR TORY-WHICH ? 27-34
New Jersey less Opposed to the Crown than were Mass- achusetts and Virginia-Her Complaints largely of an Ecconomic Character and the ever present hope that Compromise could be Effected-The Tory Party and the Elements of which it was Composed-The Whig Party and Those who Formed It-A Neutral Conservative Ele- ment, largely Composed of Members of the Society of Friends, occupies Middle Ground-The True Attitude of the Quakers The Ugly Trail of the Political Dema- gogue, who Favored the Winning Side and Ultimately became a Blatant Advocate of Popular Rights-The Battles of Trenton and Princeton and the Winter at Morristown determine the final choice of the People of New Jersey, and force Men to Espouse the Cause of the King or of the People.
CHAPTER II
THE GREENWICH TEA PARTY. 35-44
Tea Becomes the " Political Intoxicant," and the Part it Played in the Agitation Preceding the American Rev- olution-The French and Indian War leaves England in Control of North America East of the Mississippi River -England Contends the Colonists should pay a part of the Debt created by this Policy of Expansion-The Theory of "Taxation Without Representation "-The Revenue Act of 1767 and Lord North's Offer of a " Re- bate " -- The Contest for a Principle-English and Ameri- can Literature upon the Subject-Francis Hopkinson, of Bordentown, Appears-The Trading Town of Greenwich -The " Greyhound " arrives, and Cumberland County
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Patriots, in November, 1774, burn her Cargo of Tea- Some of those who were Implicated-The Courts take Action-The Effect of the Tea Burning.
CHAPTER III
LOCAL COMMITTEES OF CORRESPONDENCE 45-61
Massachusetts in 1772 Establishes Township and County Committees of Correspondence-Their Spontaneous Ori- gin in New Jersey-The " Freeholders and Inhabitants " of Lower Freehold Township, in June, 1774, as a Matter of Record, are first Organized-Their Resolutions- Essex, Bergen, Morris, Hunterdon, Middlesex, and Sussex take Action-The First Provincial Convention meets in New Brunswick-Its " Sentiments and Resolutions " de- clare Allegiance to the Crown, but protest against " Un- constitutional" Legislation of Parliament-Chief Jus- tice Frederick Smyth charges the Essex County Grand Jury and Its Reply-The Burning of Obnoxious Pamph- lets-Essex County becomes, at the close of 1774, the Heart of the Rebellion-Activities in Middlesex in Janu- ary, 1775-The Staten Islanders-Burlington County takes Action in February, 1775-The Attitude of Cum- berland County-Morris County encourages Domestic In- dustries and Monmouth County applies Tar and Feath- ers to a Tory Publication-Freehold organizes its Militia, while Bergen County hopes for Reconciliation- Essex Men in April, 1775, declare Themselves willing to risk their " Lives and Fortunes " for the cause of Inde- pendence-Morris, Monmouth, and Somerset prepare for War-June, 1775, marks final Change among Local Com- mittees from Constitutional Discussion to Preparation for the Struggle-Intense Activity in East Jersey-Dr. John Witherspoon suggests a Plan-The Critical Posi- tion of Trenton and its Vicinity.
CHAPTER IV
THE CONTINENTAL LINE, MILITIA, AND STATE TROOPS 63-85
The First Call for Continental Troops, Oct. 9, 1775- New Jersey's Quota of Two Battalions and the Colonels
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Selected-A Brief Campaign on Long Island-A Third Battalion called by Congress January 10, 1776-New Jersey in the Canadian Campaign-These Three Bat- talions Comprise the First Establishment-Congress, Sept. 16, 1776, calls upon New Jersey to furnish Four Battalions, Comprising the Second Establishment-Many of the Members of the Three Battalions Enlist in the Four New Battalions-The Four Battalions known as " Maxwell's Brigade " -- The Long and Patriotic Service of this Brigade-Distinguished Officers-Congress, March 9, 1779, calls upon New Jersey for Three Battalions, and the Difficulty in Securing Recruits-The Third Estab- lishment, consisting of Three Regiments, enter Service in 1780-New Jersey Soldiers in other State Lines- The Provincial Congress Regulates the Militia-The Allotment of Regiments in August, 1775-The Minute- men-General Washington first Appears in New Jersey -Financial Troubles of the Colony-New Jersey secures Military Stores-Subsequent Regulations of the Militia, with Officers of Prominence-The State Troops and the Special Service of Volunteers at the Battle of Trenton. along the Seacoast, and along the Sussex County Frontier.
CHAPTER V
THE LOYALIST REGIMENTS. .87-102
The Spread of Toryism in New Jersey and Somewhat of the Argument between Tories and Whigs The Three Leaders of Tory Element in New Jersey in 1776: Wil- liam Franklin, the Statesman; Jonathan Odell, the Satirical Poet; and Cortlandt Skinner, the Soldier-Ex- pressions of Tory Sentiment in Shrewsbury and in Sus- sex and Salem Counties-The Tory Regiments raised by Colonel Cortlandt Skinner-Operations in New Jersey -- The " Pine Robbers " and the Refugees-Names of Con- spicuous Officers in the New Jersey Loyalist Regiments -- Brief Personal History of Some of Those best Known- The Exodus to Nova Scotia.
CHAPTER VI
THE WORK OF THE PROVINCIAL CONGRESS AND THE COMMITTEE OF SAFETY 103-123 The First Provincial Congress of New Jersey, May 23,
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1775-Not a Revolutionary Body-The "Association," and the Desire for Reconciliation-The Meeting of Au- gust, 1775, and Disposition made of Questions Concern- ing the Organization of the Militia, Test Oaths, and Regulation of Trade-The Session of October-Sussex County sends a Petition that the Franchise may be Ex- tended-The Council of Safety-The Provincial Congress Assembles in February, 1776-Regulations Concerning Trade The New Jersey Delegation to the Continental Congress The Society of Friends and War-A New Tax Ordinance The Provincial Congress of June, 1776_ Final Preparations for War-Directions to the New Jer- sey Members of the Continental Congress-How the Cus- tom of " Instructing " Delegates Arose-The Tories are Placed Under Surveillance and Arrest-New Jersey de- clares her Support of the " Freedom and Independence of the States "-The " Provincial Congress " becomes a " Convention "-The need for Military Stores-Ordi- nances to Punish Treason and Counterfeiting-In Fifteen Months the Congress Passes from being an Advisory Body to the Assumption of Governmental Functions- The " Council of Safety " and its Plan and Scope-Con- fiscation of Tory Estates.
CHAPTER VII
THE TIMES THAT TRIED MEN'S SOULS 125-138
Washington's Movements from Cambridge to the Hudson River-New Jersey's Exposed Situation-The Arrival of Howe on Staten Island in the Midsummer of 1776- From Brooklyn to Fort Washington-The British by No- vember in Complete Control of Manhattan, Eastern Long Island, and Staten Island-Washington provides for the Defense of the Upper Hudson and Greene abandons Fort Lee-Dark Hours at Hackensack-Washington com- mences his "Retreat Across the Jerseys " on November 20, 1776-The Desperate Situation of which the Com- manders of the Anglo-Hessian Army did not avail Them- selves-Washington reaches the Delaware in Safety, be- ing followed by the King's troops, whose Progress was marked by a Saturnalia of Lust, Looting, and Butchery -The Tory Sentiment Active in Central New Jersey- The British Plan of Campaign-Thomas Paine writes: " These are the Times that Try Men's Souls."
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CHAPTER VIII
TRENTON AND PRINCETON 139-156
Washington's Headquarters in Pennsylvania Opposite and above Trenton-Lee Disappoints Washington by slow Advance from the Hudson-The Capture of Lee- Congress Abandons Philadelphia-Washington's Hope- fulness amid his " Choice of Difficulties "-The Position of the Anglo-Hessian Troops between the Raritan and the Rancocas, and the American Army along the Dela- ware from Coryell's Ferry to Bristol-A Bold Plan to rid West Jersey of the King's Troops and to save Philadel- phia-Details of the Plan, and how a Portion of the Project Failed-The Preparations to Cross the Delaware Nine Miles above Trenton-McConkey's Ferry-A Na- tion's fate on December 26, 1776-The Advance toward Trenton-" Victory or Death "-The Hessians Ineffect- ually rally from a Surprise-The Story of the Battle and the Death of Colonel Rall-The Americans, after this Brilliant Success, Return to Pennsylvania, and the Pris- oners of War are sent to Philadelphia-The Services of Cadwalader at Bristol and Ewing at Trenton Ferry- What Lord Germain said and the Effect of the Battle- Why Rall Lost the Battle-Washington Returns to Trenton New Year's, 1777, and Occupies Position on the South Side of the Assanpink Creek-Protecting Borden- town and Crosswicks The British Advance from New Brunswick-Another eventful Plan Adopted-Washing- ton, Unable to cope with the British, makes a Midnight Detour to Princeton and Defeats the British Regiments in that Town-General Hugh Mercer receives fatal Wounds, as do other Officers of Prominence-What Trenton and Princeton Meant to the Cause of Inde- pendence.
CHAPTER IX
THE FIRST WINTER AT MORRISTOWN 157-166
From Princeton to Morristown-General Washington's Headquarters-The War of Proclamations-Deplorable Condition of the Army-Smallpox Appears Regulations against Gambling-Spring brings some Relief-The Operations around Middlebrook-Howe deceives Wash-
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ington by Sending his Troop-laden Fleet down the New Jersey Coast-Washington Designs for the Upper Hudson-Guerrilla Warfare around Morristown-The " Philistines."
CHAPTER X
THE OCCUPATION OF PHILADELPHIA. 167-186
Howe's Plan to reach Philadelphia by way of New Jersey Thwarted by Activity of State Militia, and Failure of Actions between New Brunswick and Elizabeth-As Howe sails by Delaware Bay Washington moves North along the West Bank of the Hudson-Advised by Con- gress as to the Movement of Howe's Fleet, Washington in Three Days Marches from Ramapo to Coryell's Ferry, and Pushes forward to Philadelphia-The Defenses of the City-Washington Inspects Red Bank, and later, at Wilmington, Directs Operations against the British- The Services of Maxwell's Brigade and the Gallantry of Lord Stirling-The Struggle in the Valley of the Schuyl- kill and Howe's Occupation of Philadelphia, September 26, 1777-Quakers Desire Peace-Operations upon the Delaware -- Plan to Attack Philadelphia abandoned and the Army moves to Valley Forge The Horrors of the Winter of 1778-The "Conway Cabal "-Philadelphia Under the British Occupation-Washington's three Plans for the Campaign of 1778-The News of the Sign- ing of the French Treaty Arrives-British Raiders oc- cupy Salem City-The Affairs at Quinton's Bridge and Hancock's Bridge-Spirited Letters between the Eng- lish and American Commanders-Contemporaneous Ac- counts of the Expedition-Fights at Billingsport and Bordentown-The Destruction of Shipping in the Upper Delaware.
CHAPTER XI
THE DEFENSE OF FORT MERCER-1777 187-200
Fort Mercer and its Colonial Historic Associations- Howe's Fleet and the Cheveaux-de-frise-The Attack on Billingsport-Colonel Greene and his Rhode Islanders-
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Washington's Opinion of the Value of Fort Mercer- Greene's Method of Protecting Fort Mercer Against the British-Von Donop and his Hessians advance from Philadelphia-The Attack by Water and by Land-The Bravery of the Hessians They are Repulsed with Great Slaughter-Death of von Donop and the Destruction of a part of the British Fleet-Operations against Fort Mifflin-Cornwallis attempts Second Attack-Greene Evacuates the Fort, which is Destroyed-The Inhabitants plundered by the British-The neglected Monument and the Grave of Colonel von Donop.
CHAPTER XII
THE BATTLE OF MONMOUTH-1778. .201-211
Preparations for Evacuating Philadelphia-The Anglo- Hessian Army, under Clinton, crosses the Delaware to the River Front of Old Gloucester County-Washington moves Northwestwardly from Valley Forge to Doyles- town and Thence to Lambertville-The Council of War at Hopewell-Clinton's slow Progress through Burling- ton County-His Embarrassments-The Affair at Cross- wicks-The Relative Positions of Clinton and Washing- ton on June 26, 1778-The Military Movements of Lee- Washington's Rebuke on the Morning of the Battle --- Molly Pitcher-The Story of the Battle as told in Con- temporary Newspapers The Defeat of the British largely Transferred Military Operations to the South- The Fourth of July at New Brunswick- Washington's Advance Northward along the Valley of the Hudson- The British Retire to Long, Manhattan, and Staten Islands The French Fleet Arrives-The British, who in 1776 were upon the Offensive, in Two Years' manœuver- ing Return to the Point from which They had set out, and are upon the Defensive.
CHAPTER XIII
THE WINTER AT SOMERVILLE AND THE INDIAN CAMPAIGN-1778-79 213-228
Washington in the Summer Following the Battle of Monmouth is Confronted by two serious Problems-
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Finding Places for Foreign Military Officers, Who had Accompanied the French Fleet to America, and the Restoration of National Credit-Disposition of the Army in Winter Quarters-Washington at Elizabethtown-He Establishes His Winter Headquarters at the Wallace House-Washington's Opinion of the Congress of the United States, Whom he Visits at the Close of the Year -Social Life in Philadelphia-The Celebration at Pluck- emin of the First Anniversary of the French Alliance- Washington at a Dance, and his Comments upon Specu- lation and its Evils-The French Minister, M. Girard, Arrives at Somerville-Breaks Camp June 3d, and moves to West Point-The Indian Warfare in the Summer of 1778-Sullivan placed in Command of the Expedition against the Pennsylvania and New York Indians-Or- ganization of the Division-Officers of the three New Jersey Regiments and of Spencer's Regiment-The De- parture from Easton-Arrival at Wilkes Barre-Lieu- tenant-Colonel David Brearley returns to New York to become Chief Justice The story of the Advance to Cen- tral New York-The Villages Destroyed-New Jersey Troops honored for their Participation in the Expedition.
CHAPTER XIV
THE SECOND WINTER AT MORRISTOWN- 229-240
1779-80
Washington Returns from the Valley of the Hudson to Morristown and Establishes his Headquarters in the Ford House-New Uniforms for the Army-Buff and Blue for New Jersey-The Time of Starvation-Utter Distress among the Troops-The Dancing Class Stir- ling's Attack on Staten Island-A British Retaliation- A partial Evacuation of New York City- The French Minister comes to Camp-Arrival and Death of De Miralles, a Spanish Grandee-Arrival of Lafayette, Who brings Good News-Operations at Short Hills, Connecti- cut Farms, and Springfield-Murder of Mrs. James Cald- well-Washington moves to Preakness-Washington as a Federalist His Headquarters at the Robinson House on the Hudson.
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CHAPTER XV
AN INTERNATIONAL EPISODE 241-253
The Salt Works and Blockhouse at Tom's River-Cap- tain Joshua Huddy-A British Expedition Leaves New York and the Fight at the Blockhouse-Practical De- struction of Tom's River-The Detention of Huddy-The Barbarity of Captain Richard Lippincott and the Hang- ing of Huddy-The Cry for Retaliation and the Attitude of Congress-Correspondence between Washington and Clinton-The British Court-Martial and the Associated Board of Loyalists-Action of Sir Guy Carleton-Cap-
tain Charles Asgill, Jr., Selected by lot among British Prisoners to be Executed in Satisfaction for the Murder of Huddy-A Fatal Error is Discovered-The Kings of England and France interfere and Asgill Subsequently Returns to England-The Matter is Dropped and Lip- pincott gets his Price.
CHAPTER XVI
NEW JERSEY WOMEN IN THE REVOLUTION. .255-262
General Services of Women to the Patriotic Cause- Governor William Livingston's Contribution to the New Jersey Gazette Bergen County Petticoats and their Value to the Soldiers A Patriotic Organization and Plans for Relief among the Soldiers-New Jersey Women who were Officers and Members of the Society -Some of the Most Distinguished.
CHAPTER XVII
THE DAYS AT ROCKY HILL-1783. 263-273
Washington while Waiting for Definite News of Peace makes a Tour through New York State-Congress, in the Face of a Mutiny, Flees from Philadelphia to Princeton -Washington Establishes his Headquarters at the Ber- rien House at Rocky Hill-Congress Welcomes Washing- ton and Charles Willson Peale paints his Portrait- Daily Life at Headquarters In the Chapel of the Col- lege of New Jersey Congress receives first Authentic Ac-
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count of the Conclusion of the Peace Treaty between the United States and Great Britain- The Minister from Holland Arrives-From Rocky Hill Washington's Fare- well Address to the Armies of the United States is Is- sued November 2, 1783-Its Contents-Army Disbands and the Commander-in-Chief Receives an Address of the Rank and File of the Somerset County Militia-Wash- ington leaves New Jersey for West Point and thence to New York City-" Tom " Paine leaves Bordentown to Visit the Commander-in-Chief at Rocky Hill-His Recep- tion and some Scientific Experiments.
CHAPTER XVIII
NEW JERSEY LITERARY LIFE DURING THE
REVOLUTION
275-295
Barrenness of the Field of Colonial Literature in New Jersey-Three Characteristics of the Spirit of American Literature during the Struggle for Freedom and nine Forms of Literary Expression-Governor William Liv- ingston and his Earlier Efforts Isaac Collins Estab- lishes his Gazette, with Livingston, " Hortentius," as a Contributor- Purpose of the Gazette-Livingston's Offi- cial Papers The Influence of John Witherspoon, Presi- dent of the College of New Jersey-John Adams's Opin- ion of Francis Hopkinson, of Bordentown-Hopkinson's early Life in Philadelphia and England-Marries Miss Borden and appears in New Jersey Politics-A Famous Parody during the "Tea Troubles "-His Severity neither Violent nor Uncivil-" The Battle of the Kegs " -Philip Freneau Graduates from The College of New Jersey-His Satire Cruel and Vindictive-Campbell and Scott borrow from Freneau's Imagery-Types of his Poetical Work, Particularly his Verses on the Prison Ship-Freneau's Death-Thomas Paine comes to America-His Association with Benjamin Franklin, Dr. Benjamin Rush, and Robert Aitken-Tyler's Estimate of Paine-The " Crisis " begun at Newark and Probably Finished at Trenton while Paine was with Washington in " The Retreat Through the Jerseys "-Paine at Bor- dentown and his Friendships-Annis Boudinot Stockton, Wife of Richard Stockton, " the Signer," of " Morven," and Her Literary Work.
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CHAPTER XIX
JONATHAN ODELL: THE TORY SATIRIST. .297-305
The Attitude of the Loyalist Writers in America- Characteristics of Tory Literature-Rivington's Gazette -Attacks Upon the Congress of the United States- Jonathan Odell, the Great Tory Satirist, the Antagonist of Freneau-Their Similarities-Odell's early Life, and Later becomes Rector of Saint Mary's Church in the City of Burlington-His Experience with the Provin- cial Congress of New Jersey-Arrested and Paroled- Secretes Himself in Governor Franklin's Green Bank Mansion in December, 1776, and Escapes, partially through the Efforts of the witty Quakeress, Margaret Morris Odell Continues his Literary Labors in New York City-His intense Bitterness and His Arraignment of William Livingston, Lord Stirling, and John Wither- spoon-Odell, a Refugee, Dies in Nova Scotia.
CHAPTER XX MINOR MILITARY OPERATIONS IN THE JER-
SEYS 307-340
Aside from the Four Great Battles upon the Soil of New Jersey, Trenton, Princeton, Monmouth, and Red Bank, Minor Events were Largely of the Nature of Forage Raids, Directed from New York City and Phila- delphia-The Pillaged Area of East Jersey-The Naval Operations-Elizabethtown Suffers Severely-An Expe- dition through Bergen County as told by Sir Henry Clinton-Raiding in the Raritan Valley-The Surprise at Old Tappan-The Barbarities of the British-Colonel Baylor's Military Reputation Suffers The Affair at Tuckerton-The Struggle " Along Shore" and the Plun- dering of Chestnut Neck-Pulaski and His Brave Legion -The Eventful Night at Osborn's Island-The Defeat of the British-The Defenses at Paulus Hook (now Jersey City)-The Region passes into the Hands of the British -The Physical Geography of Paulus Hook-" Light Horse Harry " Lee and His Daring Ride from Paramus to Paulus Hook-Troubles of the Soldiers The Early Morning Attack and its Success-Lee Receives a Gold Medal from Congress-Attempts to Assassinate [Vol. 2]
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Governor Livingston-Some Spirited Correspondence- Moody, the Murderer-Washington's Movements in New Jersey Subsequent to His Presence at the Berrien House in Rocky Hill-A Glance at National Finances-During the Eight and one-half Years of the Revolution Wash- ington was in New Jersey Two and one-quarter Years -Military Revolts at Morristown and Pompton-A List of the Battles and Skirmishes Fought upon the Soil of New Jersey.
CHAPTER XXI
THE CLOSE OF THE WAR .341-350
New Jersey the Scene of Much of the Conflict for the Control of the Valleys of the Hudson and the Delaware -" What Shall We Do With the Tory?"-The British, Unable to Subdue the United States by Force of Arms, Endeavor to Destroy American Trade-The Comments of " A Plain Farmer "-Associations to Prevent Trade and Intercourse with Tories formed in Central New Jersey- Allegations of the Articles of Agreement of these Asso- ciations The Declarations of Intent The Situation Disclosed by an " Address "-Economic as well as Politi- cal Independence Asserted by New Jersey at the Close of the War.
CHAPTER XXII
TRENTON AS THE FEDERAL CAPITAL 351-361
The Impotency of the Congress of the United States It Becomes a Fugitive Political Camp-The Theory of a " Permanent Residence "-New Jersey makes an Offer of Money and Jurisdiction over a Federal District-Other Offers, and the Contest lies between the Delaware and the Potomac-The Attitude of the Southern Members of Congress Trenton and Annapolis Decided upon and a " Vibratory " Principle Established-Enthusiasm in New Jersey-Dr. David Howell makes what was Prob- ably the First Legacy ever given to the United States- Congress comes to Trenton-Its Meeting Place in Doubt -The Ordinance Establishing a " Federal Town "-The
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South Defeats the Project in New York City during the Winter of 1785-Trenton makes Further Efforts in 1785, 1787, and 1789-The Offer of 1801-The Seat of Gov- ernment Temporarily Located in Trenton in 1799.
CHAPTER XXIII
THE ROPE OF SAND 363-381
The Weakness of the Articles of Confederation-The Lack of Federal Sentiment among the States at the Close of the Revolution-The True Attitude of New Jersey concerning the Articles as Expressed in the Legislative " Opinion " of 1778-The Faults of the Document De- fined-New Jersey Placed on the Defensive-The Bound- ary Quarrels-Some Striking Anomalies-The Articles had neither Power to Levy Taxes nor to Regulate Trade -New Jersey Precipitates a Crisis by Refusing to Pay Her Quota toward the Support of the Federal Govern- ment-English Goods flood New Jersey's Markets-The Resort to Paper Money-The State Protects her own Interests New Jersey Quarrels with New York-A Court of Admiralty Established-Early Economic Legis- lation in the State-A Boundary Agreement with Penn- sylvania-Burlington and Perth Amboy Created "Free Cities," and become Incorporated-Tidal Marshes Im- proved and Cranberries Protected.
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