USA > New Jersey > Morris County > A history of Morris County, New Jersey : embracing upwards of two centuries, 1710-1913, Volume I > Part 5
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CHARLES HOFF JUN.
Hibernia Iron Works, July 4th 1778.
The Mount Hope Furnace, an important early furnace, was the third built within Morris county limits, and after 1772 passed under the control of that remarkable character, John Jacob Faesch, as told elsewhere. Faesch was a Swiss, and was brought to this country under contract, he being skilled in iron manufacture. The contract under which he came was to exist seven years, his employer, Peter Hasenclever, general manager and superintendent of the London Company, agreeing to pay the passage of Faesch, his wife's. and his servants, and deliver them and their goods safely in America; to
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Speedwell Dam and Lake.
Speedwell in 1820.
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pay him 2500 guilders per annum, Rhenish, to begin on the first day of his journey ; to give him a tenantable dwelling house, with meadow for pasturing two or four kine. Faesch was to have direction over all the forge mines and iron works that were erected or occupied or should thereafter be undertaken, and had the privilege of engaging in other business not prejudicial to the company interest. This agreement indicates the value of the service he was deemed capable of rendering. This was in 1764, and after his seven years expired with the London Company, he obtained possession of the Mount Hope property. He later owned other forges and mills, becoming the leading iron master of the county. He died May 29, 1799. Hibernia and Mount Hope were the two important charcoal furnaces of the early day, and in later years became equally noted, and under corporate ownership as valuable mineral properties.
Slitting and Rolling Mills-Every mill designing to manufacture iron prior to the Revolution had to be operated under cover, to avoid the law of parliament passed in 1749, forbidding the construction of any rolling or slitting mills in the American colonies. In spite of this law, however, a slitting mill was erected at Old Boonton about the year 1770, by David Ogden and his son Samuel. This was after the Ogdens had sold their Ringwood property and were operating in Morris county.
This mill was built so that the slitting mill was concealed by a grist mill in the upper part of the building, and was so arranged that the room beneath could be closed up entirely, with little warning, so as to give no evidence of the purpose for which it was being used. It is said that Governor William Franklin once visited the mill, having been informed that one of the pro- hibited mills was being carried on secretly. He was so well entertained with choice food and liquors that he was not only unable to find any "slitting mill," but was very indignant that such a slander was being circulated. The mill, although a small affair, was carried on by the Ogdens until 1784. Later the property was leased to John Jacob Faesch, the ironmaster previously noted, and after his death was sold to his sons. They carried on business for a short time, after which the works fell into disuse, all except the forge, which was operated by John Righter. Later there were in operation at Old Boonton, on the eastern bank of the river, a rolling mill, slitting mill and a saw mill. The iron used in these mills was taken from the heating furnaces, and rolled and slitted on a single heat. Opposite the slitting mill stood a large bloomary, containing four fires and two trip hammers, and a nail- cutting factory.
At Speedwell stood the second slitting mill in the county, built by Jacob Arnold and John Kinney, about the time of the Revolution. Arnold was the proprietor of the hotel in Morristown, which Washington made his head- quarters during the winter of 1777, and was commander of Arnold's Light . Horse. Kinney had been sheriff of Morris county. The enterprise was a complete failure, the plant passing to new owners, and from the ruins of the second partnership Stephen Vail emerged sole owner. Under his manage- ment the works became an important manufactory, making machinery for the southern and South American trade, sugar mills, coffee hullers, etc. It is said that the boilers for the first steamer that crossed the Atlantic were forged there, and that the first cast iron plow made in America came from the Speedwell works. Stephen Vail (Judge) was succeeded by his son George, and grandson Isaac A. Canfield, who continued the plant, turning out an annual product valued in 1853 at $50,000. Judge Vail died in 1864,
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leaving the works in such a manner that they could not be sold and could only be operated by certain persons, who were named.
The third slitting mill in Morris county was built at Dover, by Israel Canfield and Jacob Losey, operating as Canfield & Losey. They erected a forge, a rolling and slitting mill, about 1793, and later a nail factory. They failed in 1817, one of their creditors, Blackwell & McFarlan, iron merchants of New York, purchasing all their large property, mills, forges and lands. From an advertisement published in 1827, it appears that the iron works, then in full operation, consisted of three rolling mills and two chain-cable shops. Blackwell & McFarlan were succeeded by Henry McFarlan Jr., who operated the mill from 1830 until 1869. In 1880 they passed to the Dover Iron Com- pany, George Richards president, and became again prosperous under his able control.
The Rockaway Rolling Mill was built in 1822 by Colonel Joseph Jackson and his brother William, but later became the sole property of Colonel Jack- son. This mill is fully noted in Rockaway township history.
The Powerville Rolling Mill was early owned by Colonel William Scott, and later became the property of his son, Elijah D. Scott. Hoop iron was the principal production, and it is said no mill in the county paid better in- terest on the money invested.
Anthracite Furnaces-The works of the New Jersey Iron Company at Boonton, established in 1830, are fully noted in the history of Boonton town- ship. The Port Oram Iron Company, incorporated March 31, 1868, and the Chester Furnace, built in 1878, are also noted in their township histories. The Union Foundry, built in 1845, by James Fuller and Mahlon Hoagland, on the bank of the canal at Rockaway, is noted under Rockaway township. Other mills and foundries are noted in their proper townships.
Iron Mines-Prior to 1850 the iron ore mined in Morris county was manufactured largely within the county. After 1850 the demand for ore from other counties in the State developed and finally reached a point where iron mining became the principal department of the iron industry. These mines, as arranged by Professor George H. Cook, State Geologist, in his report for the years 1879-80, lie in four belts parallel with each other, run- ning northeast and southwest. The belts are the Ramapo, Passaic, Mus- ยท conetcong and Pequest, the latter lying entirely outside Morris county.
The Ramapo belt begins near Peapack, in Somerset county, and ex- tends in a northeasterly direction by Pompton to the State line. It is about two miles wide at the southwest, and about five miles wide at the New York line. Mine Mountain, Trowbridge Mountain and the Ramapo Mountain are all in this belt. The principal mines of the belt, in Morris county, are the Connet, in Mendham township; the Beers, in Hanover ; the Taylor and Cole, in Montville, and several in Pequannock township.
The Passaic belt to the northwest has a nearly uniform width of five miles, and includes the principal mines in both county and State. These mines are noted in the township histories of Chester, Randolph and Rocka- way. Among the most noted were the Hacklebarney, Dickerson, Byram, Hurd, Baker, Richards, Allen, Teabo, Mount Hope, Hibernia, Beach Glen, Split Rock. These mines at one time produced great wealth, but are now with few exceptions closed.
The Musconetcong belt covers the remainder of the county northwest of the Passaic belt, and in that belt were located the mines of Washington, Mount Olive, Roxbury and Jefferson townships.
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In the year 1880, Professor Cook estimated the entire iron ore product of New Jersey at 800,000 tons, about two-thirds of this amount being mined in Morris county. From the census report of the production of iron ore in the United States, it was shown that there were nineteen mines in the county, producing over 50,000 tons each annually. Two of these were in Morris county, the Hibernia, eleventh in rank, with 85,623 tons; and the Mount Hope, nineteenth in rank, with 50,379 tons. The leading mine for that year was the Cornwall ore bank, in Lebanon county, Pennsylvania, pro- ducing 280,000 tons.
CHAPTER V
POLITICAL HISTORY-EARLY COURT OFFICIALS-THE JUDICIARY-NATIONAL POLITICS
Sheriffs-Prior to the Revolution, sheriffs were appointed by the gov- ernor, and held office during his pleasure. The first appointment was of Thomas Clark, in 1739, and the succeeding appointees were as follows : Elijah Gillett, 1744; Caleb Fairchild, 1748; John Kinney, 1749; John Ford, 1752; Daniel Cooper Jr., removed April, 1761, and succeeded by Samuel Tuthill; Daniel Cooper Jr., 1767; Jonathan Stiles, 1771; Thomas Kinney, 1773; Thomas Millage, 1776.
The constitution adopted July 2, 1776, provided for the annual election of sheriffs and coroners, who were to be ineligible for re-election after three years. Alexander Carmichael was the first sheriff elected by the people, in 1776, and his successors were : Richard Johnson, 1779; Jacob Arnold, 1780- 1786; William Leddel, 1783; Pruden Alling, 1789; John Cobb, 1792; Hiram Smith, 1794; William Campfield, 1796; Israel Canfield, 1799; Lewis Condict, 1801 ; Edward Condict, 1804; David Carmichael, 1807; David Mills, 1810; Samuel Halliday, 1813; David Mills, 1816; Jacob Wilson, 1819-1825 ; Elijah Ward, 1822; Joseph M. Lindsley, 1827; Elijah Ward, 1828; George H. Ludlow, 1831 ; Colin Robertson, 1834; Benjamin McCoury, 1837; Jeremiah M. De Camp, 1840; Thomas L. King, 1843; Henry D. Farrand, 1846; Abra- ham Tappan, 1849; William W. Fairchild, 1852; William H. Anderson, 1855; Samuel Vanness, 1858; Garrett De Mott, 1861; Joseph W. Coe, 1864; James W. Briant, 1867; James Vanderveer, 1870; Jesse Hoffman, 1873.
Under the amended constitution, sheriffs were after 1874 elected for three years. The incumbents of the office, with year of their election, have been : Pierson A. Freeman, 1875; William H. McDavit, 1878; William H. Howell, 1881 ; Charles A. Gillen, 1884; Ira W. Cory, 1887; Oscar Lindsley, 1890; Edmund A. Backer, 1893 ; Edgar L. Durling, 1896; Charles A. Baker, 1899; Abraham Ryerson, 1902; George Shaw, 1905; Calhoun Orr, 1908; Whitfield B. Gillen, 1911.
County Clerks-Samuel Gouverneur was clerk of the county from its erection in 1739, until 1765, appointed by Governor Hardy, to serve during good behavior. Augustus Moore was deputy clerk in 1765, and to September, 1766; and Samuel Tuthill was clerk from the latter date to October, 1776. The constitution of 1776 provided for the appointment of clerk by joint meeting. The following appointments were made in the years designated : Silas Condict, 1776-1781 ; Joseph Lewis, 1782; Caleb Russell, 1792, 1797, 1802; John McCarter, 1805; Edward Condict, 1808; Robert McCarter, 1813; Robert H. McCarter, 1818; Zephaniah Drake, 1823; David Day, 1828; Joseph Dalrymple, 1833 ; David B. Hurd, 1838; George H. Ludlow, 1843.
Under the constitution of 1844, clerks were to be elected every five years, and those so chosen have been as follows, with date of election: Albert H. Stanburrough, 1848, 1853; Samuel Swayze, 1858; William McCarty, 1863; Richard Speer, 1868; William McCarty, 1873 ; Melvin S. Condit, 1878; Elias B. Mott, 1888; Daniel S. Voorhees, 1898; Elias Bertram Mott, 1908, 1913.
Surrogates-Until 1784, surrogates were appointed by the governor, in any number he saw fit. Uzal Ogden was the first recorded surrogate of Morris county, appointed in 1746. In 1784 an act was passed giving one
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surrogate to each county, and under it Jabez Campfield served from 1785 to 1803; John McCarter from 1803 to 1807; and David Thompson from 1807 to 1822. In the latter year an act was passed providing for the election of surrogate in joint meeting, for a term of five years, and the appointees were as follows: David Thompson Jr., 1822, resigned 1826, and succeeded by James C. Canfield ; Jacob Wilson, 1827; William N. Wood, 1833, 1838, 1843. Under the constitution of 1844, surrogates have been elected by the people, for a term of five years, as follows : Jeremiah M. De Camp, 1847 ; Frederick Dellicker, 1852, 1857; Joseph W. Ballentine, 1862, 1867; Edwin E. Willis, 1872; Charles A. Gillen, 1877; William H. McDavit, 1883; Charles A. Gillen, 1887; George Pierson, 1892; David Young, 1897; Augustus H. Bart- ley, 1912.
County Judges-Prior to 1776, justices of the peace were appointed by the governor, and acted also as county judges, a commission being issued to them from time to time to hold courts of oyer and terminer. Their term of office was indefinite, being for life or until superseded. There is record of the appointment on March 25, 1740, of John Budd, Jacob Ford, Abraham Kitchel, John Lindley, Jr., Timothy Tuttle and Samuel Swesey. On Sep- tember 16, 1740, Gershom Mott, Daniel Cooper, Isaac Vandine, Ephraim Price and Abraham Vanacken were appointed.
Under the constitution of 1776 county judges were appointed in joint meeting, and to hold office five years. Jacob Ford and Samuel Tuthill were the first appointees in 1776. In 1844 the number in each county was re- stricted to five, and in 1855 to three. By an act of the legislature, passed February 26, 1878, one of the three judges of the court of common pleas was to be thereafter a counsellor-at-law, and to be the president judge of the court, and to hold office for five years. Under this act, the following have been called to service as law judges: Francis Child, 1878-1893 ; Wil- lard W. Cutler, 1893-1898; John B. Vreeland, 1898-1903; Alfred Elmer Mills, 1903-1913; Joshua R. Salmon, 1913. The lay judges have been : David W. Dellicker, 1870-1887; John L. Kanouse, 1873-1876; Freeman Wood, 1874-1884; Charles H. Munson, 1884-1888; De Witt C. Quimby, 1887-1891 ; Charles Hardin, 1888-1896; William R. Wilson, 1891-1896.
The following are the court and county officers, 1914: Charles W. Parker, president judge; Charles C. Black, circuit judge ; Joshua R. Salmon, law judge; Oliver K. Day, judge of the district court ; Harry A. Zwenger, clerk; Charlton A. Reed, prosecutor of the pleas; Elias Bertram Mott, county clerk; Augustus H. Bartley, surrogate; Whitfield B. Gillen, sheriff ; William D. Lewis, F. N. Banta and Lawrence J. Welsh, coroners.
Prosecutors of the Pleas-Before 1824, the attorney-general appears to have acted in this capacity ; in his absence, the court appointed a lawyer to act in his stead for the time being. After 1824 they were appointed, as fol- lows : George K. Drake, 1824-1825; Jacob W. Miller, 1826; Henry A. Ford, 1832; James J. Scofield, 1837, 1842, 1847; Vancleve Dalrimple, 1852; Augustus W. Cutler, 1857; Henry C. Pitney, 1862; Alfred Mills, 1867; Frederick A. De Mott, 1872, 1877; George W. Forsyth, 1880; Willard W. Cutler, 1882; Joshua S. Salmon, 1893; Alfred Elmer Mills, 1898; Charles A. Rathbun, 1903 ; Charlton A. Reed, 1913.
Officers of Assembly-Prior to the adoption of the constitution of 1844, Morris county furnished several vice-presidents of council and speakers of the house. Vice-presidents: Jesse Upson, 1816-1822; Silas Cook, 1827; Edward Condict, 1829-1830; Joseph B. Munn, 1836. Speakers : Silas Con- dict, 1792-1794; Silas Condict, 1797; Lewis Condict, 1808-1809; David
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Thompson Jr., 1818-1822; George K. Drake, 1825-1826; Lewis Condict, 1837-1838; Samuel B. Halsey, 1842.
United States Senators from Morris County-Aaron Kitchell, born in Hanover township, 1744, died June 25, 1820; Mahlon Dickerson, born April 17, 1770, died October 4, 1853, senator from March 4, 1817, to March 3, 1833; Jacob W. Miller, born 1802, died September 30, 1862, senator from March 4, 1841, to March 4, 1853; Theodore F. Randolph, born June 24, 1826, senator from March 4, 1875, to March 3, 1881.
Representatives in Congress prior to 1880-Silas Condict, 1781 to 1784; Aaron Kitchell, 1791-93, 1794-97, 1799-1801, also a United States senator ; Lewis Condict, 1811-17, 1821-33, speaker ; Bernard Smith, 1819-21 ; George Vail, 1853-57; George T. Cobb, 1861-63 ; Augustus W. Cutler, 1875-79; John Hill, 1867-73, 1881-83. Other congressmen will be noted in the pages following.
National Politics-When the Federal party lost its influence in the nation through the unpopular measures of the Adams administration, Morris county went with the current. In 1798 Abraham Kitchel was elected to the council on the Republican ticket over Mark Thompson, the Federal can- didate, by a vote of 1754 to 302, and the parties maintained about the same relative strength for a number of years. In 1808, on the congressional ticket, the Republicans polled 2412 votes, and the Federalists 487. In 1820 there was no Federal ticket in the field. Jesse Upson was elected to the council without opposition, and the candidates for assembly were all Re- publicans. What was called the "Farmers' Ticket" for assembly succeeded, and the "Convention Ticket" for Congress was elected.
When the contest arose between Jackson and Clay and the Republican party divided, Morris county at first sided against Jackson; but in the con- gressional election of January, 1831, when the State went Republican by 1000 majority, the county gave the Jackson candidate 40 majority. The Jackson townships were Morris, Washington, Roxbury, Jefferson, Randolph and Chester. The townships of Chatham, Hanover, Pequannock and Mend- ham were anti-Jackson. In the fifty years which have since elapsed, the political complexion of these townships has changed but little. The strength of the Democratic party has been as a general thing in the townships which voted for Jackson in 1831, and the Whig and afterward the Republican party have been the strongest in the others. In 1832, when the State gave 374 Jackson majority, Morris county gave 131.
In the "Hard Cider" campaign of 1840, the county went strong for Harrison. The townships in his favor gave the following majorities: Mend- ham, 64; Chatham, 131 ; Morris, 118; Hanover, 155; Pequannock, 327- total, 795. For Van Buren, Chester gave 74; Randolph, 42; Jefferson, 77; Roxbury, 155; and Washington, 83-total, 431 majority.
When Clay ran against Polk in 1844, the county voted for Clay. The Whig majorities were: In Mendham, 101; Chatham, IIO; Morris, 53; Han- over, 203; Pequannock, 298; Randolph, 3; and Rockaway, 96-total 865. The Democratic majorities were: In Chester, 97; Jefferson, 67 ; Washington, 72; and Roxbury, 187-total, 433. In the presidential campaign of 1848 the county gave 2889 votes for the Taylor electors, and 2425 for his opponent.
In 1852 the Pierce electors received 2800 votes in the county, and the Scott electors 2548. George Vail for congress received 2822, and William A. Coursen, the Whig candidate, 2515.
In 1856 the Buchanan electors received 3008 votes, Fillmore 696, and Fremont 2309. William Alexander (Democrat) received 3062, and William
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A. Newell (A. and R.) 2961 ; George T. Cobb (Democrat) was elected senator by 184 majority.
In 1860 there were four electoral tickets in the field. The Republicans had seven electors, who received 3484 votes. There were four Democratic electors who were supported by all those opposed to the Republican ticket, and who voted a fusion ticket, who received 3,304 votes. The three "straight Democratic" electors not on the fusion ticket received 585 votes, and the fusion electors supported only by the fusionists, received 2735 votes. Edsall (Republican ) for congress received 3480 votes against 3315 for George T. Cobb ( Democrat). The latter was, however, elected by the vote of the remainder of the district.
During the Civil War, the county almost always was Democratic. In 1862 Governor Joel Parker received 3359 votes, and Marcus L. Ward 2938. In 1863 William McCarty (Democrat ) received 3179 votes for clerk, against 2742 for his antagonist, Richard Speer. In 1864 the McClellan electors re- ceived 3587 votes and the Lincoln electors 3222.
In 1865 Marcus L. Ward, Republican candidate for governor, received 3702, and Theodore Runyon (Democrat ) 3506; George T. Cobb ( Republi- can) was elected senator over Hillard by 243 majority.
In 1866 Hon. John Hill ran against Andrew Jackson Rogers for con- gress, and was elected, Morris county giving him 652 majority.
In 1867 the only officers running through the county besides the coroners were the candidates for sheriff and surrogate. The Democrats elected their men-James W. Briant, sheriff, by 430 majority, and Joseph W. Ballentine, surrogate, by 548 majority.
In the presidential election of 1868 the Grant electors received 4283 votes, and the Seymour electors 3974. John I. Blair (Republican) received I4I majority for governor ; Hill 355 majority for congress over Rafferty; and George T. Cobb was elected senator by 425 majority.
In 1870 there was an election for state senator to fill the vacancy caused by the death of George T. Cobb. Dr. Columbus Beach was elected, receiving 4844 votes, and his antagonist, I. W. Searing, 3751. John Hill for congress beat Rafferty in the county by 1355 majority.
In 1871 there were dissensions in the Republican party-the party dividing into the two factions of "Heavy Weights" and "Light Weights" -- and the Democrats carried the county. Walsh, the Republican candidate for congress, carried the county by 38 majority, while Cutler (Democrat) was elected state senator by 530 majority.
In 1872 Grant carried the county against Greeley by 1387 majority ; Phelps for congress beat Woodruff by 1336 majority, but Charles A. Gillen (Democrat) was elected surrogate by 334 majority.
In 1873 the only county officers running besides the coroners were the 'candidates for sheriff and clerk. Hoffman (Democrat) for sheriff received 3444 votes, and Phoenix (Republican) 2997; McCarty (Democrat) for clerk, 3523; and Nicholas (Republican) 2905.
In 1874 George A. Halsey (Republican) received 4571 votes for gov- ernor, and Judge Bedle (Democrat ) received 4505. At the same time Augus- tus W. Cutler had 40 majority in the county over Wm. Walter Phelps, the Republican candidate for congress, and John Hill (Republican) was elected state senator.
In 1875 there was no senator or congressman to elect, and Pierson A. Freeman (Republican) was elected sheriff by a vote of 3710, against 3225 for Charles Hardin ( Democrat ).
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In 1876 President Hayes received 64 majority in the county; but Augustus W. Cutler carried it for congress by a majority of 115.
In 1877 the Democrats carried the county for Governor Mcclellan by 342 majority, and for Augustus C. Canfield, state senator, by 412.
In 1878 the tide was reversed, Charles H. Voorhis ( Republican) for congress carrying the county by 693 majority.
In 1879 there were no county officers voted for. Of the assemblymen, two Republicans and one Democrat were elected.
In 1880, James A. Garfield, for President, carried the county by 682 plurality ; Potts, Republican, for governor, had 693 plurality over Ludlow, Democrat ; John Hill, Republican, had 591 plurality over Carter, Democrat, for congressman, and James C. Youngblood, Republican, of Morristown, was chosen State senator, over Stickle, Democrat, by a vote of 5647 against 5096. The vote for governor stood: Potts 5732, Ludlow 5039. The first and second districts of Morris county elected Republican assemblymen, William C. Johnson and John F. Post; the third district elected Oscar Lindsley, of Green Village, by 344 majority. The State that year went Democratic for both President and governor.
In 1882, with William Walter Phelps as the Republican candidate for Congress from the Fifth Congressional District, Morris county gave him a plurality of 485. The third district gave Ryle, the Democratic candidate, a plurality of 217, but the other two districts of the county went Republican. The county was at that time divided as follows: First district-Chatham, Hanover, Morris and Montville townships; Second district-Boonton, Jef- ferson, Pequannock, Rockaway, Roxbury and Mount Olive townships; Third district-Chester, Mendham, Passaic, Randolph and Washington townships.
In 1883, Leon Abbett, Democrat, the successful candidate for governor, received in Morris county, 3795 votes, Jonathan Dixon, the Republican can- didate, polling 4632; the Third district, however, showing the usual Demo- cratic majority for Abbett.
In 1884, Morris county remained loyal to James G. Blaine, the Repub- lican candidate for President, giving him a majority of 377; the nine elec- toral votes of New Jersey went to Grover Cleveland, the successful candidate of the Democracy.
In 1886 Morris county went for governor, congressman and state senator, as follows: Robert S. Green, the successful Democratic candidate for governor, received 4208 votes, his competitor, Howey, Republican, 4348; for congress, William Walter Phelps received 4399 votes; Skinner, Demo- crat, 4128; George T. Werts, of Morristown, Democrat, was elected state senator.
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