USA > New Jersey > Morris County > Annals of Morris County > Part 28
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The strength of the county as a military po- sition has often been notcd. On the south, not far beyond the Morris boundary line, is Washı- ington Rock, on a bold range of mountains well adapted for observing the movements of the enemy in the direction of New Brunswick, as also for repelling an attack. Coming north- ward we have Long Hill, the Short Hills. and Newark Mountain, on which aru many points which on a clear day com- mand a wide view of the Passaic and Hack- ensack valleys, together with that sweep of " country which includes the Bloomfield, New- ark, Elizabeth, Rahway, Amboy, Bergen, the Neversink Highlands, the Narrows, and, but for Bergen Hill, New York itself. One does not need to be a Jerseyman to admire auch a view as he gets from the Short Hills, Eagle Rock, or the rugged ledges of rock just north of the toll-gate on the mountain back of Montclair. But it is not of the beauty of this regio», but its strength, that I now speak. An enemy ob- served is half vanquished; and from these watch towera, which guarded the approaches to Morris county, especially the one on the Short Hills, near "the Hobart Notch," night and day sentinels were caating jealous glances to de- tect the slightest sign of an enemy. It is also sure that loyal men, scattered over every part. of the country between these Highlands and New York, were on the alert, and their couriers
OF MORRIS COUNTY.
always ready to ride swiftly westward to the hills of Morris to carry the alarm. On these elevated places were signal guns and the bea- cona ready to be kindled. On Kimball Moun- tain, Denville Mountain, Green Pond Moun- tain, and even on the spur of the Catskill range dividing Orange county from New Jer- sey, were other stations like that on the Short Hills ; so that, let the enemy never so secretly cross to Staten Island, and thence to Eliza- bethtown Point, or in the winter cross the meadows to Newark, as they often did, the eye of some sentinel, either on the hills or the plains, detected the movement, which the flying cou- rier, the loud-mouthed cannon or the ominous beacon flaming its warning from mountain to mountain, conveyed to a patriotic people, who themselves were ever on the watch and ready to respond. On several occasions the enemy moved across the river from New Brunswick, or, crossing the Raritan, reached Elizabeth- town, Lyon's Farm, Connecticut Farms, and twice Springfield, within cannen shot of "the Old Sow," as the signal gun was called, and the beacon on the Short Hills.
But such were the advantages for watching the enemy and alarming the people, and such also the natural strength of its mountain ram- parts, that the enemy were always met by large bodies of as brave men as ever bore a firelock to the defence of altar and home. The enemy supposed himself unobserved, but invariably found himself confronted by a foe that seemed to him to spring out of the very ground or to drop down from the clouds. There were sev- eral inducements which led the enemy greatly to desire the possession of, or at least a closer acquaintance with, the county of Morris. It was well known that Col. Jacob Ford, Jr., whose widow was Washington's hostess the second winter, had built a powder mill on the Whip- pany river, which was making considerable amounts of "good merchantable powder," the amount of which Col. Benoni Hathaway was careful to exaggerate by what might be called " Quaker powder kegs," that were filled, not with powder, but with sand, and these, under careful guard, were conveyed to the magazine !
There was not only the well-guarded Powder Magazine in some safe placo, but the general magazine on the south side of Morris Green, w hose treasures of food and clothing and other articles for the army were'in fact never enough to be of any great value, yet Colonel Hatha- way so managed the deposits made there that they seemed to all but the initiated very form- idable.
A dozen miles north of Morristown were sey- eral forges that were furnishing iron for the army for horse shoes, wagon tire and other purposes. And at Mt. Hope and Hibernia, each
about four miles from the village of Rockaway, were two blast furnaces. The former was the property of Jolin Ja- cob Facsclı, patriotic German, and the other belonged to General Lord Stirling, and under the management first of Jos. Hoff, and after his death of his brother Charles, sons of Charles Hoff, of Hunterdon. At both those furnaces large quantities of sbot and sbell were cast for the army, and at Hibernia Hoff made repeated attempts to cast cannon, and in one of his letters to Lord Stirling says he "did cast one very good one, only it was slightly de- fective at the breech."
These manufactories of army munitions wore supplemented by large breadths of arable land, a considerable part of which was of excellent quality, and which all together produced an immense amount of the provisions needed by armies. And not only so, but the acres of Mor- ris were tho key to the richer acres of Sussex. Indeed, it is difficult to exaggerate the impor- tance of our county in all these respects, and when we add the fact that it was a perpetual threatening to the enemy who made New York their base, we can see why so many attempts were made by the enemy to penetrate it.
Some of the attempts were by Tories, led by Claudius Smith, who once threatened Mt. Hope and who actually robbed Robert Ogden be- tween Sparta and Hamburg, Charles Hoff at Hibernia, and Robert Erskine at Ringwood. The most imposing attempt to visit Morris county was in 1780, under Knyphausen, and he reached Springfield, where he was suddenly confronted by a part of Washington'a army then in motion for the Hudson and great num- bera of the Morris minute men. Dr. Ashbel Green says his father, Parson Green, witnessed the fight from the adjoining hills, and rumor saya Parson Caldwell did not stick to the hills, but mingled in the fray, which gains some no- toriety from his distributing the hymn books of the neighboring church, accompanied with the exhortation to "put Watts into them," be- lieving that the best hymn of Watts would make a good wad in a patriotic gun! Here, too, it was that Benoni Hathaway's wrath was so excited because his commander ordered his troops to the top of " a Hy Mountain" ir stead of against the enciny.
It was here also that Timothy Tuttle, with a company of men, making their way through a rye field, poured a deadly vollcy into a detach- ment of the enemy taking dinner. The pepper made their soup too hot for comfort, and they left it in a hurry. And here, too, it was that an American officer was badly wounded, and one of his men, named Mitchell, ran in be- tween the confronting armies and on his own strong shoulders carried his captain to a place
REVOLUTIONARY FOREFATHERS
of safety. As his act was perceived the eneni y fired a volley at hun, concerning which he aft- erwards remarkod, with amusing simplicity, "I Yow I was skeared 1"
And here I may quoto a couple of verses from an old newspaper of the day to show how the vain effort of Knyphausen to reach Morris county was regarded by the men who drove bim back :
" Old Knip
And old Clip Went to the Jersey shore The rebel rogues to beat ; But at Yankeo Farms They took the alarms At little harms, And quickly did retreat.
Then after two days' wonder Marched boldly to Springfield town, And sure they'd knock the rebels down; But as their foes
Gave them some blows, They, like the wind, Soon changed their mind, And in a crack Roturned back
From not one third their number !"
The remarkable fact remains that the enemy never reached our county, except now and then a marauding party from Orange county, like those led by Claudius Smith and the Babcocks. I havo mentioned the rapidity with which the alarms of invasion were circulated through the county, and the readiness with which Mor- ris county men hurried to the place of danger. There were two organizations in the county which had much to do with this splendid fact. The first of these was what was known as the "association of Whigs."
Among the papers of the late Colouel Joseph Jackson, of Rockaway, I found the original pa- per containing the articles of " the association of Whigs in Pequanac Township, 1776," with one hundred and seventy-seven autograph sig- natures, except a score or so made their "marks." The articles rehearse the reasons for thas associating in the somewhat lofty and intenso style of the day, and declaro that " we are firmly determined, by all means in our power, to guard against the disorders and con- fusions to which the peculiar circumstances of the times may exposo us. And we do also fur- ther associate and agree, as far as shall be con- sistent with the measures adopted for the pre- servation of American freedom, to support the magistrates and other civii officers in tho exe- cution of their duty, agreeable to the laws of this colony, and to observe the directions of our committee acting."
The Committee of Safety for Pequanoc con- Bisted of Robert Gaston, Moses Tuttle, Ste- phen Jackson, Abram Kitchel and Job Allen. Each of these had a paper like tho one quoted, and circulated it. The one here referred to was in the hands of Stephen Jackson, and per- haps as many more names were ou the papere held by the other members of the committee.
In each township of the county this organi- zation existed in such strength as to include most of the loyal men.
Besides this there was an organization known as " the minute men," who were regularly en- rolled and officered, and they were pledged 10 be always ready to assemble at somo precon - certed rendezvous. In critical times the min- nte men took their guns and animunition with them everywhere, even to the church. This little faet is the hinge of an anecdote I had from Mrs. Eunico Pierson. She described Gen. Wm. Winds as a powerful and imperious man. a devout Christian, who took his part in the lay services of the old church at Rockaway when there was no minister, uttering all ordi- nary petitions in quiet tones ; but when he prayed tor the country raising his voice titl it sounded like thuuder. Although he had been a leading officer in the army, after his retire- ment he became a minute man, always carry- ing his wagon whip and his gun into the church. One Sunday during sermon he ap- plied the whip to an unruly boy, and on another Sunday a courier dashed up to the church door, shouting the alarm that the ene- my was marching towards the Short Hills.
Of course in a trice the meeting adjourned in confusion, not waiting for a benedictiou. Gen. Winds seized bis gon, and rushing out of the house ordered the minute men into line : but, lo and behold ! not a man had his gun l " Then," said Mrs. Pierson, "Gon. Winds raved and stormed at the men so loud that you might have heard him at the Short Hills!" You may remember that Dr. Ashbel Green speaks of Winds' voico as "stentorophorie. It was ar- ticulate as well as fond, and it exceeded in power and efficiency every other human voice that I ever heard." And yet, caught unarmed that time, the general rule was the contrary. Whenever the signal gun was heard or the om- inous tongue of flame shot up from the beacon hills, or the clattering hoofs of the courier's horse over the roads by day or by night to tell the people of tho invading en- emy, these minute men were in an incredibly short time ou their way to the appointed places of meeting.
I recall an illustration which may show this wholo movement of the minute men in a bean- tiful manner. In Mendham there was a minute man named Bishop. The battle of Springfield
OF MORRIS COUNTY.
ocenrrod June 23, 1680. The harvest was nou- sually early that summer, and this man that morning was harvesting his wheat when the sound of the sigual gun was faintiy hoard. They listened, and again the sound came boom- ing over the hills. "I must go," said tho far- mer. "You had better take care of your wheat," said his farm hand. Again the sound of the gun pealed ont clear in the air, and Bishop exclaimed, "I can't stand it. Take care of the grain the best way you can. I am off to the rescue !" And in a few minutes was on his way to Morristown. And he says that as he went there was not a road or lane or path along which he did not find troops of men who, like himself, were hurrying to the front.
We have vuly to recall " the association of Whigs," with their committees of safety," and the organization of "minute men," which were formed in every part of the county, to un- dersland how it was that our Morris yeomen were always ready to resist any attempt of the enemy to invade the county. In fact, they were resolved that the enemy should never reach the county if they could prevent it. Their spirit was expressed in the familiar reply of Winds to the young English officer who came to Chat- ham bridge to exchange some prisoners. Said the young Englishman, " We mean to dine in Morristown some day." "If you do dine in Morristown some day," retorted Winds in not the most refined language, "you will sup in hell the same evening !"
We cannot understand the remarkable effect- iveness of the people of this county during that long war without recalling the fact that all the resources of the county were concentrated and handled by the "Association of Whigs," and the "Minute Men."
There is another infinenco to be added and in the grouping I certamly mean no disrespect to either party. I now refer to the women and the elergy of Morris County. In the wars of civil- ized nations both these will be found a power- ful agency, but in some wars their influence has been very positive and direct. It was so in the war of the Revolution and pre-eminently xo in this county. At the very beginning of the conflict Mr. Jefferson asserted the necessity of enlisting the religious sentiment of the coun- try by appointing fast days and inducing the ministers to preach on the great issues of the day. He admitted that he could see no other way to break up the apathy and hopelessness which were destroying the popular courage so necessrry at such a crisis.
It is a very interesting fact that a skeptical statesman should have sagaciously perceived and recommended such an agency. At once the force thus invoked did that which it was already doing, but now with the authoritative
endorsement of the highest character. The ministers of the several churvees-proeminent among them -- it is not invidioas to say Congre- gational and Presbyterian-on fast days, and in their ordinary services dwelt on the very themes which had evoked the eloquence of Jefferson in the Declaration, of Henry, and Lee, and Adams, and Rutledge in legislative halls, and of others not less mighty in their appeals to the poo- ple. It is not saying too much to declaro that when we consider that with all the reverence in which in those days they were held as God's ambassadors, and the high character they pos- sessed as men of learning, purity and pubhe spirit, their appeals carried greater weight with vast multitudes than any words of the mere pol- tician or statesman. Iu that day far more than in this the minister was clothed with a sort of divine authority, and when the American clergy from the pulpit denounced the tyranny of Great Britain and commanded their hearers to go to the rescue of their "poor bleeding coun- try," it was in a measure as if God himself had spoken by them.
The. ministers in Morris County during that period were chiefly Presbyterian and Dutch Reformed. The leading Presbyterian midis- ters were Johnes at Morristown, Green at Han- over, Kennedy at Baskingridge -- a part of which was in this county -- Lewis and his sue- cessor Joline at Mendham, Horton, Aaron Richards and Bradford at Bottle Hill, Wood- hull at Chester, and Joseph Grover at Parsip- pany, David Baldwin, Congregational, at Ches- ter, and Dominie Myers at Pompton Plains. There were other ministers in the county, but I have named the principal ones. Of these we may single out Johnes and Green as far sam- ples of them all. The eulogy which Albert Barnes pronounced on Dr. Timothy Johnes is fully sustained by the facts. An able and sometimes a truly eloquent preacher, he was 'a remarkable pastor, and his ability ia that respect was tasked to the utmost during the two years the American army was in Morris County. If anyone dmnbts this statement let him examine the "Morristown Bilt of Mortali- ty," which is simply a record of funerals which he himself had attended. In the year 1777 he attended 205 funerale, of which more than halt were caused by small pox, putrid sore throat, and malignant dysentery. During a part of the time his church was occupied as a hospital for the sick. The same was true of the church- es at Succasunna and Hanover. The latter was used for "a small pox hospital for patients who took the disease iu the natural way." The fact that the Morristown church was occu - pied as a hospital accounts for the other oft- told fact that Washington once received the communion elements from Dr. Johnos at a
REVOLUTIONARY FOREFATHERS
sacrimental servico held in a grove at the rear of the Doctor's own honse. The story has been liseredited by some, but I have heard it from too many who were living when it occurred to donbt its truth.
Dr. Johnes threw hnnself with the greatest ordor into the cause of his countrymen, and his influence was widely felt over the country.
The Rev. Jacob Green-"Parson Green" as he was commonly called-was a marked man. One of the most thorough and assiduous pas- tors he was also an able preacher. Besides this ho had an extensive practice asa physician, and unable to educate his children otherwise he opened and managed a classical school with the aid of a tutor. He did not a little also in other kinds of secular business, such as milling and distilling, and as if these were not enough 10 use up his energy be drove quite a law busi- ness, wrote articles on political economy for the newspapers, served in the Legislature, and was for a considerable time Vice President of the College of New Jersey. He was held in the greatest reverence and died in the midst of his labors which had been extended in the one par- ish ever a period of forty-four years.
In the pulpit, the bouae, the newspaper, and in all'places Mr. Green espoused the cause of Independence with the greatest zeal. Such was bis known influence in the parish and county as a citizen, a minister and a physician, that before be issued orders to inoculate his soldiers Washington invited this country parson to a consultation about this important measure. Convinced by Washington of its necessity, both Green and Johnes-and no doubt Kennedy, Woodhull and the other Morris county minis- ters-took the matter in hand to invenlate their owu people. They arranged hospitals and dic- tated every plan with a precision and positive- ness that was not to be disobeyed by their par- ishioners, and such was the weight of this au- thority that it is said very few of the members of these churches disregarded it, and that few of them diod of the foul disease. Of the 68 funerals from this discaso attended by Dr. Johnes only six were members of his church, and these died before the local arrangements for inoculation were perfected.
I mention this as a sign of the authority of these ministers, and to show what an influence they exertod in favor of the cause of American Independence. How they wrought in the good cause is matter of record. The Associated Whigs and the Minute Meu of Morris heard many "a powerful prayer and discourso" from these ministers to make them of good courage.
With these men we inst associate the women of Morris County. There were some tories in the county. Thomas Millege, the sheriff elect, was one, and he was not the only one. There
were some iu Rockaway Valley who impudent- ly declared their expectation that the British would triumph, in which event they had ar- ranged which of the farms belonging to the Whigs they would take as their share of the spoils ! But so shrewdly and bravely did Mrs. Miller concentrate the Whigs of that region through meetings held in her own house as to defeat the rascals and clear them out.
So often has the story of the Morris County women been told that I fear any reference to it may seem tedious to you. It was no uncon- mon thing for these women to cultivate the fields and harvest the crops whilst the men were away to the war. On more than one occa- sion not a dozen men, old or young, were left in the Whippany neighborhood. The same way true in many other neighborhoods. Anna Kitebel was a fair representative of all the Mor- ris County women, in both scorning "a British protection" when her husband and four brotb- ers were in the American army, and in keeping the great pat full of food for the patriot sol- diers.
Yes, she spoke for a thousand like herself when she said so proudly to the Deacon who urged her to got a protection, "If the God of battles will not take care of us we will fare with the rest !" Brave Anna Kitchel! and over in Mendham the second winter the army was repeatedly reduced to the very verge of starva- tion, and with roads blocked up with snow for miles, so that at one time a correspondent of a Philadelphia paper says there was "an enforce:l fast of three days in tho camp." The poor fellows were only saved by their own personal appeals to the farmers of the county. Col. Drake once told me that for months that winter not a rooster was heard to crow in the region so closely had they been killed and the balance were only kept safe in the cellars! And the hungry, bare-footed and thinly clad soldier's went to the Morris County kitchens, and Hannah Carey, the wife of David Thompson, - she once scalded an impudent tory- spoke for all the women who presided over these Morris County kitchens, as she ladled out the food from her great pot, "Eat away, men, yon are welcome because you are fighting for the country ; and it is a good cause you are engaged in !" Brave Hannah Thompson ! brave Anna Kitchell brave women of Morris County ! The men fought well for the country and so did the women 1
In the New York Observer recently appeared a spirited anecdote of a Mrs. Hannah Arnett of Ehzabethtown, who heard her husband and several other dispirited patriots discussing the question of giving up the effort to national independence. When she saw the fatal conclu- sion to which they were drifting she burst into
OF MORRIS COUNTY.
the room, and in spite of the remonstrances of her husband, rebuked their weak cowardice and As'd to him, "What greater cause could there be than that of country. I married a good man and true, a faithful friend, aod loyal Christian gentleman, but it needs no divorce to sever me from a traitor and a coward. If you tako the infamous British protection which a treacherous enemy of your country offers you-you lose your wife and I-I lose my husband aud my home !" Hanuah Arnett spoke for the patriot women of America ! and she was as grand as any of them !
The burdens of the war fetl very heavily on New Jersey. It was "the battle field of the Revolution." The presence of the armies in pursuit, retreat or battle, put the counties below the mountains in a chronic distress. Indeed xoch were the hardships endured at the hands uf the enemy in these lowland counties, that the people held in the greatest detestation "the Red coats and the Hessians." From their presence the Morris County people were free, wud yet it should not be forgotten that the shnost intolerable burdens, consequent on the presence of the American army two winters, felt on them. During the winter and spring of 1777-the army reached Morristown about the 7th of January, 1777-the soldiers were billeted ou the families of Morristown or Hanover, Rottle Hill, and other parts of the county. Twelve men were quartered on Parson Green, sixteen on Anna Kitchels' husband Ural, a score on Aaron Kitchel, and so throughout the aiming district. To these famihes it was al- most rinous, since all they bad was caten up !!! the service, so that when the army marched off it lett the region as bare as if it had been xwept by a plague of locusts.
To this we must add the almost inconceiva- Se terror and hardship of the enforced universal inoculation of the people because the soldiers were inoculated. The late Rev. Samuel L. Tuttle, of Madison, so carefully investigated this matter in that parish that he found out where the small-pox hospitals were and some grave yards where our soldiers were buried. Dr. Ashbel Green in his antobiography says that the Hanover church was a hospital for those who had the disease the natural way, and in fearlully picturesque language he describes ibe herrors of the scenes be bad witnessed in that old church. It is true that it was a singu- lar fuet that scarcely one who was inoculated died, whilst scarcely one who took the disease in the natural way got well. But in either case the horrors of this loathsome disease laid on our Morris ecunty people a burden whose woight must have been crushing. And thus you see a hungry and sick army in those homes of our ancestors tho first winter.
Of the second winter I have already spoken, but refer to it again to rerund yon of the fact that during that almost unparalleled winter when gaunt famine hung over the American camps, and when the paths and roads about them were marked with blood from the feet of the ill-shod soldiers, the forests of Morris county gave timber for cabins and wood for fuel, then barns yielded forage to the army horses, the yards furnished meat and the granaries and cellars gave forth food for the soldiers. There is no arithmetic or book-koep- ing that ean announce the value of these con- tributions at such a crisis, and yet so gener- ously and unselfishly did our forefathers respond to this call of their country that it is said that receipts for the supplies were declined by most and that a very small fraction of the whole value was covered by the receipts. In a word the magnificent fact rises before us to-day that the Morris county people of the Revolution did what they did with such ample charity iu both those dreadful winters substantially with- out reward. They gave their men to fight, their women to suffer, and their property to be consumed for country and liberty without money and without priec. Nominally what they had was worth fabulous prices in a eur- rency rendered worthless by over-issue and counterfeiting, but they seemed for the time to forget the ordinary uses of money and to open to the patriot soldiers all their stores to make them strong to fight the great fight that was to win for them a country.
Of course I have not told all that crowds upon the memory of those heroic times, but it is time to arrest this discourse already protracted nuduly. We are not to forget the more cou- spiencus names and deeds which belong to our Revolutionary history and which after a een- tury shine out like stars at night in tho clear sky. They will not be forgotten. From a thou- saud platforms THEIR praises will be rehearsed this day, whilst the booming cannon and the pealing bells, and the glad shouts of our people shall proclaim how we prize the great men and deeds of that heroic period.
Wo have followed to-day a humbler impulse and recalled the fore-fathers of our own county in the Revolution. We have our heroes, and our shrines are where they wrought for their country. Each old parish has its heroes, and each old church was the shrine at winch brave men and women bowed in God's fear, consecrat . ing their all to their country. And surely uo descendant of them can stand on the Short Hills at the point where the unsleeping seu- tinels of the old county stood a hundred years ago, nor wander along the Loantica Valley, or over Kimball Mountain where American sol- diers suffered and Morris county men and
8
REVOLUTIONARY FOREFATHERS
women sustained them, nor tread the Jaw ris that environ the old Ford mansion and enter its honored balls where once dwelt Washington in the midst of a circle of illustrious men with - out profound emotion.
These are our shrines, and as from those points we look over the magnificent county of which we are so proud, we are not to forget that our ancestors did what they could to save it from the enemy and make it a place in his- tory. But this picture of the patriotism, the trials and the triumphs of our Morris county ancestors fairly represents the people in other counties of New Jersey and the other States of the Union. It was the people who asserted the principles of the Declaration. If they had not felt as they did, and Jabored and suffered as they did, if they had not laid themselves and their children, their estates, the increase of their herds aud their flocks, the golden wealth of their fields and granaries, indeed their all on the altar of their country, it from thousands of family altars, closets and pulpits, the people had not sent their cries to God for their coun- try, even Washington could not have gained us what we now have, A COUNTRY ! We love our country and it is worthy of our love. Let us not ceaso to praise God who gave the men uf' '76 wisdom, courage and fortitude which led to results that are so conspicuous to-day.
The Republic bas survived a hundred years. It has passed through some tremendous perils, and I fear the perils are not all past. I speak nut as & partisan to-day, but as an American
as I assert the conviction that amidst the shah - ing foundations of systems and beliefs and nations in every part of the civilized world it I will be well for every American patriot to fortify his heart, not by referring to the examples of Greek and Roman berves, but by recalling the names of those who signed the Declaration, and fongut our battles and through great and heroic sufferings wrought ont for us those triumphis which are now emblazoned in results vastly grander than they ever dream ed of.
And in these glories of our Centennial year let us proudly remember that in the achieve- ment of these glories the men and women who a linndred years ago lived in Morris county bore an honorable part. and see to it that they are forever held in grateful remembrance.
Fellow citizens of Morris county, I have tlins thrust out my hand at random and gathered into a garlan 1 a few of the names and deeds of the patriot fathers who a huudred years ago bore their part in the great struggle for independence among the grand old hills of Morris. Such as it is on this Centennial 4th of July iu the spirit of a true loyalty both to our common country and to our honored. county 1 bring this garland from afar as the sign of the love I have both to our county and our country . And as the fore fathers were wont on all sorts of documents and occasions to say, so let ine close these remarks with their oft repealed prayer,
" God save America 1"
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