USA > New Jersey > Genealogical and memorial history of the state of New Jersey, Volume I > Part 2
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From Massachusetts Bay .- George Allen, William Gifford, John Jenkines, Richard Sad- ler, Edward Wharton.
From Rhode Island .- John Allen, Christopher Allmy, Job Allmy, Stephen Arnold, James Ashton, Benjamin Borden, Richard Borden, Francis Brindley, Nicholas Brown,
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Abraham Brown, Henry Bull, Robert Carr, George Chutte, Walter Clarke, Thomas Clif- ton, William Coddington, Joshua Coggeshall, Edward Cole, Jacob Cole, Joseph Coleman, John Cook, Nicholas Davis, Richard Davis, William Deuell, Benjamin Deuell, Thomas Dungan, Roger Ellis and son, Peter Easton, Gideon Freeborn, Annias Gauntt, Zachary Gauntt, Daniel Gould, John Havens, Robert Hazard, Samuel Holliman, Obadiah Holmes, Jonathan Holmes, George Hulett, Richard James, William James, William Layton, James Leonard, Henry Lippett, Mark Lucar (or Luker), Lewis Mattux, Edward Pattison, Thomas Potter, William Reape, Richard Richardson, William Shaberly, Samuel Shaddock, Thomas Shaddock, William Shaddock, William Shearman, John Slocum, Edward Smith, John Smith, Edward Tartt, Robert Taylor, John Throckmorton, Job Throckmorton, Edward Thurston, Eliakim Wardell, George Webb, Bartholomew West, Robert West, Robert West, Jr., Thomas Winterton, Emanuel Woolley.
From Long Island .- John Bowne, Gerrard Bowne, James Bowne, William Bowne, William Compton, John Conkling (earlier from Salem, Massachusetts), Thomas Cox, John Cox, Richard Gibbons, William Goulding, James Grover, James Grover, Jr., William Law- rence, Bartholomew Lippincott, Richard Lippincott, Richard Moor, Thomas Moor, John Ruckman, Nathaniel Silvester, Benjamin Spicer, Samuel Spicer, John Stout, Richard Stout, John Tilton, Nathaniel Tompkins, John Townsend, John Wall, Walter Wall, Thomas Wansick, Thomas Whitlock.
Previous residence unknown except where mentioned :- John Bird, Joseph Boyer, William Cheeseman, Edward Crome, Daniel Estell, Ralph Gouldsmith, John Hall, John Hance (Westchester, New York), John Haundell, Thomas Hart, John Hawes, James Heard, Richard Hartshorn (England), Tobias Haudson, John Horabin, Joseph Hutt, Randall Huet, Jr., John Jobs, Robert Jones (New York), Gabriel Kirk, Edmund Lafetra, Francis Masters, George Mount, William Newman, Anthony Page, Joseph Parker, Peter Parker, Henry Percy, Bartholomew Shamgungoe, Richard Sissell, Robert Story, John Tomson, Marmaduke Ward, John Wilson, John Wood, Thomas Wright.
July 8, 1670, at an assembly held at Portland Point, the restriction as to the number of landowners was so set aside as to admit William Bowne, Thomas Whitlock, John Wilson, John Ruckman, Walter Wall, John Smith, Richard Richardson, John Horabin, James Bowne, Jonathan Holmes, Christopher Allmy, Eliakim Wardwell, Bartholomew West, John Haunce, James Ashton, Edward Pattison, William Shaddock, Thomas Winterton, Edward Tartt, Benjamin Burden (Borden), and two years later (in May, 1672), Richard Lippin- cott and Nicholas Browne were also admitted.
Of those mentioned in the foregoing list, the following named, owners of shares in the Indian purchase (some being also original grantees under the Monmouth patent), did not become settlers, viz .: Henry Bull, Robert Carr, Walter Clarke (patentee), William Cod- dington, Joshua Coggeshall, John Coggeshall, Nicholas Davis (patentee), Zachard Gauntt, Daniel Gould, Edward Thurston and Obadiah Holmes (patentee), all of Rhode Island; Nathaniel Sylvester (patentee), of Long Island ; and John Jenkins and Edward Wharton, of Massachusetts Bay. Robert Carr sold his share to Giles Slocum, of Newport, Rhode Island, and to his son, John Slocum, who became a settler. Zachariah Gauntt sold his share to his brother Annias, who also became a permanent settler.
Mention is to be made of some of the early pur- chasers under the Monmouth Patent who were inti- mately associated with the patentees in the formative days of the settlements.
Edward Smith, whose name appears as a purchaser
Monmouth County Court House. Freehold.
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of lands within the Monmouth patent, was one of those who were indicted at Plymouth with Rev. Obadiah Holmes and John Hazell, in October, 1650, as before mentioned.
John Haunce, one of the original settlers of Shrewsbury, was a deputy and overseer at a court held at Portland Point, December 28, 1669. He held various positions in the county, among which was Justice. He was a deputy to the Assembly in 1668, but refused to take the oath of allegiance and would not yield the claims of his people under the Monmouth Patent, and submit to the laws and government of the proprietors when directed against those claims, in consequence of which he was rejected as a member, as were also Jonathan Holmes, Edward Tartt, and Thomas Winterton, at the same session, for the same reasons. Haunce was re-elected a deputy in 1680 and at other times.
William Shattuck, a native of Boston, about 1656, joined the Quakers in the Massachu- setts Bay Colony, and for this offense was whipped and banished. He removed to Rhode Island and thence to New Jersey in or about 1665, settling on lands of the Monmouth patent. A few years afterward he moved to Burlington. His daughter Hannah married Restore Lippincott, son of Richard Lippincott.
Samuel Shattock (or Shaddock), a settler on the Navesink purchase, was a Massachu- setts Quaker, who removed thence to Rhode Island before his settlement in New Jersey.
John and Job Throckmorton, ancestors of the numerous Throckmortons of the present time in Monmouth county, were settlers between 1665 and 1667. They were sons of John Throckmorton, who, with Thomas James, William Arnold, Edward Cole and Ezekiel Hol- liman (or more properly, Holman), came from England in the same ship with Roger Williams, and all of whom are mentioned by Williams as his friends and associates in an account written by him in 1638. John Throckmorton was among the first settlers at Provi- dence, Rhode Island, and was afterward in Westchester, New York, with Ann Hutchin- son. After she was killed by the Indians he still held his lands in Westchester and on Long Island, but returned to Providence, where he spent most of his time and held his citi- zenship.
John Smith came to the Monmouth great tract with the early settlers, and was the first "schoolmaster" of Middletown. He was the same person, who, with three others, accompanied Roger Williams on his first exploration journey to Rhode Island. Edward Smith, who was also a settler in Monmouth, left Massachusetts Bay with John Smith, the teacher, because of the persecution against them as Baptists.
Richard Hartshorne came to New Jersey in September, 1669, and located in Middle- town. Sandy Hook was first held under a grant to him in 1667. He was a Quaker, and an account of this country written by him and circulated in England induced considerable emi- gration. A letter from him, dated November 12, 1675, is one of a collection printed in 1676, a fac-simile of which is in the New Jersey Historical Society Library. In 1684 he was appointed one of Deputy-Governor Lawry's Council. In the succeeding year he was elected to the General Assembly from Middletown; was chosen Speaker in 1686, and held that position at other times. March, 1698, he became one of Governor Basse's Coun- cil. He still continued to hold his seat as a member of the Assembly, and filled both posi- tions until the surrender of the government to the crown.
Eliakim Wardell, one of the associate patentees of Monmouth, had lived near Hamp- ton, New Hampshire, where he and his wife were imprisoned, whipped and banished because of their Quaker principles. They removed to Rhode Island, and thence to New Jersey, where he became one of the early settlers on the Monmouth Patent, and was the first Sheriff of the county in 1683.
Christopher Allmy, who was at one time Deputy Governor of Rhode Island, came from
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that colony to settle on the Monmouth lands, in 1665 or 1666. He became one of the asso- ciate patentees, and remained an inhabitant of Monmouth County for several years, during which time he ran a sloop between Wakake Landing and the Rhode Island ports. He finally left New Jersey and returned to Rhode Island.
The Quaker influence was remarkably strong in the formative days of the Jerseys- an influence which has remained to the present day. Major John Fenwick, who had served as major in the Parliamentarian army in England, and afterwards became a member of the Society of Friends, in March, 1673-74, purchased a half interest in the New Jersey colony from Lord Berkeley. He associated with himself Edward Byllynge, also a Friend, with the purpose of establishing in America a home for their sect, thus hoping to consummate a wish and belief of George Fox. In time, disputes as to title arose between Fenwick and Byllynge. William Penn was agreed upon to arbitrate between them, and he awarded to Fenwick one-tenth, with a certain sum of money, and to Byllynge nine-tenths. Byllynge subsequently, under stress of financial embarrassment, sold his entire and undivided interest to William Penn, Gawen Lawry and Nicholas Lucas, all Friends, in trust, for the benefit of his creditors, and they afterward became possessed of Fenwick's interest also. Thereafter, certain grants covering some portions of the same territory were made by the Duke of York to Sir George Carteret, and Fenwick was forbidden recognition as owner of lands situated upon the Delaware river. Fenwick, however, persisted in his colonization endeavors, and in 1676 laid out "The liberties of Cohansen and Alloways, and undertook the settlement of Salem." Finally, Fenwick sold his interest, and practically disappears.
On July 1, 1676, the colonies of East Jersey and West Jersey were separated under a deed which established what was known as "the Province Line," extending from Little Egg Harbor to the Delaware river at 41 40 north latitude. The portion known as East Jersey was awarded to Sir George Carteret; that known as West Jersey to Penn and his associ- ates-Gawen Lawry, Nicholas Lucas and Edward Byllynge.
Penn at once gave himself industriously to the work of colonization. He procured the formation in England of two colonizing associations of Friends, one in Yorkshire, the other in London, and at the same time the Byllynge trustees held out inducements to immigrants.
To Penn, however, attaches the greatest fame for the peopling of West Jersey. To him is attributed the framing of the "Concessions and Agreements of the Proprietors, Free- holders and inhabitants of West New Jersey in America"-a document which "unquestion- ably gave to the spirit of democracy a wider range than had any like expression of Anglo- Saxon law," and "in which may be found the dominating principles underlying the 'Bill of Rights' which formed so prominent a part of the later Federal and State constitutions." Its provisions are remarkably liberal. To the people was committed all purely local regulations ; the Proprietors held for themselves a mere semblance of authority. Ten "honest and able men" were to be elected as commissioners. A General Assembly was to be also elected, and in which was guaranteed full liberty of speech. Courts were established, the local justices and constables to be elected directly by the people. Equal assessment and taxation were guaranteed. Above all, it was decreed that "No man nor number of men upon earth hath power or authority to rule over men's conscience in religious matters."
The response from the Mother Country was prompt. In 1677, the year following the promulgation of the "Concessions," the ship "Kent," with the proprietory commissioners and two hundred and thirty emigrants, entered the Delaware and settled at the present site of Burlington. Later the same year and in 1678 new arrivals occupied the First and Second "Tenths," between the Rancacos river and Assanpink creek, in greater part the river front of old Burlington county.
Colonial House, Haddonfield. Here, September, 1777, New Jersey changed from a Colony to a State.
Washington's Headquarters, Morristown.
Friends' Meeting House, Salem, erected 1772.
Old Oak and Friends' Cemetery, Salem.
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In 1680, under a second grant made by the Duke of York, West Jersey was conveyed to William Penn, Edward Byllinge, Gawen Lawry, Nicholas Lucas, John Eldridge and Edward Warner, the two last named having become possessed of the Fenwick interest. This grant covered the free use of all bays, rivers and waters, for navigation, fishing, trade, etc.
The administration of the Province of East Jersey was devolved upon Lady Elizabeth Carteret by the death of her husband, and in the settlement, in 1681-2, Lady Carteret and eight trustees acting with her, sold East Jersey for the sum of £3,400 to William Penn and eleven other grantees named in the deed, a majority of whom were Quaker yeomen, and all Englishmen: William Penn, Robert West, Thomas Rudyard, Samuel Groome, Thomas Hart, Richard Mew, Thomas Wilcox, Ambrose Rigg, John Heywood, Hugh Hartshorn, Clement Plumstead and Thomas Cooper. In 1682 Penn purchased all the right to the title of John Fenwick in West Jersey, and the twelve proprietors associated with themselves twelve others, viz .: James, Earl of Perth, John Drummond, Robert Barclay, David Bar- clay, Jr., Robert Gordon and Arent Sonmans, all Scotchmen; and Gawen Lawry, Edward Byllinge, James Braine, William Gibson, Thomas Booker, Robert Turner and Thomas Warne, Englishmen. The sale to these twenty-four proprietors was confirmed by the Duke of York, March 14, 1682-83, and their rights were further confirmed by King Charles II on November 23, 1683.
These proprietors now included not only Friends, but Dissenters, Roman Catholics, and a small but sturdy representation of Scots. Their influence in the Mother Country extended practically to all parts of the United Kingdom, and brought a large immigration from all classes.
In 1687 Edward Byllynge died, and his interest in West Jersey was by his heirs vested in Dr. Samuel Cox, who, on March 4, 1691, sold to a land association, the West Jersey Society, all his lands, including a large acreage in East Jersey and West Jersey, also land in New Hampshire and Pennsylvania; the deed mentions a pottery in Burlington, three lots in Perth Amboy, Gloucester and Egg Harbor, and also lands in Cape May and on the Maurice river. The Council of Proprietors of West Jersey was organized on a basis similar to that of East Jersey. In 1702 the interests of both were surrendered to the Crown, and from that time begins the real political history of New Jersey, in geographical and govern- mental forms practically unaltered to the present time, except in its separation from the Mother Country at the time of the Revolution.
With the topics last mentioned above we have at this time no concern. The People, and what they wrought, is briefly our theme, and religion and education claim our principal attention, as attesting the lofty character of many of the early settlers, and also as commem- orating the splendid results of their effort.
If there is aught in the history of New Jersey that is so completely established as to be wholly outside the pale of controversy, it is a fact that the early colonists were a deeply religious people. Indeed, had they been less conscientious and less unyielding as religion- ists, the political structure which they reared would doubtless have been of other and less impressive design.
The early Dutch colonists may be said to have brought their church with them when they settled in New Netherland. To them, a place of worship was as necessary as a dwelling, and we never find any settlement without discovering some arrangement for divine services. As they increased in numbers, and more industries were needed, they turned to their own youth for their spiritual leaders, and founded their own literary and theological schools. At Bergen, in 1660, was established the Dutch Church, the oldest in what is now New Jersey, and there too, in 1664, was opened a school-the first of which authentic record exists, in
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all that territory. In 1765, according to Samuel Smith's "History of the Colony of Nova Caesarea, or New Jersey," there were two Dutch meeting houses in Bergen county, five in Sussex, two in Essex, one in Hunterdon, and one in Middlesex; while the Dutch and German Lutheran had six in Somerset, Bergen, Hunterdon, Sussex and Salem counties.
In 1775 (possibly a few years earlier) the Reformed Dutch Church opened, at New Brunswick, Queen's College, which since the Revolution has been known as Rutgers Col- lege. In 1784 the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Church in America was founded at New Brunswick, for the education of young men for the ministry, obviating the former necessity of bringing clergymen from Holland.
The first of the Scotch Presbyterians who came were driven out of their native land by cruel persecutions. Refusing to engage in prelatic worship, and persisting in attending conventicles, these poor people were despoiled of their property, thrown into prison, and banished. About one hundred men and women were imprisoned in Dunattor Castle, where they were treated with great severity, stinted for food and water, and cramped for want of room. Many were tortured for attempting to escape. Late in the summer of 1685 the prisoners were driven to the seacoast, a distance of about sixty miles, many with their hands tied behind their backs. A number of them were placed under the charge of George Scott, laird of Pitlochie, who had chartered a vessel to convey him to New Jersey, to escape the persecution which his religion had brought upon him. The voyagers suffered severely from a virulent fever, and three-score of their number, among them the Laird and his wife, died during the voyage. The survivors reached Perth Amboy, in December.
These expatiated Scotch were among the founders of the Presbyterian Church in America. A number of these people settled (about 1685) near the site of the present village of Mattawan, in Monmouth county, and named the place New Aberdeen, while others of their company went farther and located at what they called Free Hill, about five miles northwest of the present town of Freehold, and there founded the "Old Scots Church." For this, the claim has been made that it was "the first one settled with the gospel ministry in East Jersey, west (south) of the Raritan river. It is doubtful if this is entirely accurate, but it is scarcely to be questioned that it was the first recognized Presbyterian Church in that region, and the "Small beginning of a great stream of organized American Presby- terianism."
On December 27, 1710, this spot, destined to remain historic for all time, was the scene of a memorable event-a meeting of a Presbytery, and the ordination of a minister- the first, in either case, in America-John Boyd, who came from Scotland for the purpose, was the ordained clergyman. He died two years later, and more than one hundred and seventy-five years later, his burial stone was placed in the Presbyterian Building in Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania, and replaced with a beautiful and enduring monument, and which was unveiled June 14, 1900, by Walter Kerr, of New York City, a lineal descendant of Walter Ker, the founder and first elder of "Old Scots Church."
Intimately connected with the history of "Old Scots Church" is that of "Old Tennent Church," near the village of Freehold and the Monmouth battlefield, and which enjoyed the ministrations of Rev. John Tennent and his brother William-sons of Rev. Williamn Tennent, Sr., the founder of the "Log College," ever famous in the educational annals of Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
The Quakers, or Friends, built a meeting house in Shrewsbury, Monmouth county, in 1672, according to the journal of George Fox. George Leith was the leader. Other denomi- nations, or sects, established themselves later.
In this brief resume, omission cannot be made of the great religious movement led by
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George Whitefield, a religious enthusiast, and an associate of the two Wesleys-John and Charles. Whitefield came to America in 1738, and after some missionary work in Georgia and Pennsylvania, came to New Jersey late in 1739. He preached in Burlington, New Brunswick and elsewhere. Again in New Brunswick, in April, 1740, he addressed seven thousand people. Proceeding to other points, he was assisted by Rev. Gilbert Tennent, eldest son of Rev. William Tennent, Sr., founder of "The Log College," and who deliv- ered a discourse on "The Danger of the Uncoveted Ministry," and which was the occa- sion for the division of the Presbyterian Church into the "old" and "new" side factions. America never witnessed such demonstrations as attended these meetings. "In the wake of the revivals went up the shouts of the converted, the cries of those who had not availed themselves of present opportunities. Men dreamed and saw visions, after they had fallen upon the ground, so powerfully had they been moved by the preaching."
Education well kept pace with religion. In the village of Bergen, in 1664, was estab- lished, so far as can be known from authentic records, the first school in New Jersey, which, under the provisions of Governor Carteret's charter, was to be supported by a tract of land exempt from taxes or other charges. In 1669 Woodbridge was empowered to sustain a school from the proceeds of certain lands "set apart for education." In 1676 a well-qualified schoolmaster was teaching in Newark. In 1693 the East Jersey legislature, in a statute set- ting forth that "the cultivation of learning and good manners tends greatly to the good and benefit of mankind," provided for schoolmasters and their support by bodies similar to our present boards of education. Finally, on October 22, 1746, was chartered the College of New Jersey, which in our own day has developed into the magnificent Princeton University. It is curious, in looking back, to note that the beginnings of this institution were due to the great religious feeling which grew out of the Whitefield revivals, as well as the more calm and better considered thought of the Presbyterian element.
From such forbears as are hereinbefore written of, came nearly all the present-day families of New Jersey who are the subjects of the pages which follow, and are the inheritors of a splendid legacy of beneficence.
"For Good is not a shapely mass of stone, Worked by man's hands, and carved by him alone. It is a seed God suffers some to sow ; Others will reap, and when the harvests grow He giveth increase through all coming years,
And lets men reap in joy, seed that was sown in tears."
STATE OF NEW JERSEY.
FRELINGHUYSEN In the century and three-quarters dur- ing which the Fre- linghuysens have been identified with the his- tory of this country, they have given to New Jersey and the United States more great and distinguished men in proportion to their nu- merical strength as a body of individuals than almost any other family. According to a con- tinual stream of testimony from contempora- ries down to the present day, it is the founder of the family who placed the Dutch Reformed religion on a permanent footing in New Jer- sey, and made the Raritan district its garden spot. According to the same witness, every one of its five sons was equally gifted, and though three of them were cut off in their prime, to the eldest is due the independence of the Dutch church in America, and the sec- ond son's labors have Queen's, now Rutgers College, as their monument. In the third gen- eration, the single male representative of the family belongs, not to county or colony, but to country as a continental congressman and revolutionary colonel, afterwards - becoming brigadier-general, United States army; while in the next two generations, all of the general's sons became distinguished at the bar and in the federal service, and a grand- son became one of the foremost senators of the reconstruction period, and a United States secretary of state. And lastly, the sixth gen- eration, out of seven living representatives of the family and name, contains a state senator and three more than prominent business men.
(I) The founder of the family, the Rev. Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen, was born at Lingen, in East Friesland, now the north- west part of the province of Hanover, about 1691. His father was the Rev. Johannes Henricus Frelinghuysen, pastor of the Dutch Reformed church in his son's birthplace, and his brother was Matthias David Frelinghuysen, who settled at Hartigen, Holland. His early education and his preparation for the sacred ministery were given to him by his father and the Rev. Otto Verbrugge, afterwards professor of theology and oriental languages at Gronin- gen. In 1717 he was ordained by the Classis
of Embden, his. examiner being the Rev. Johannes Brunius, and in the following year we find this minute, under date of June 5, 1718, in the Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam : "Rev. Matthias Winterwyck, minister at Al- phen, together with Messrs. Banker and van der Meulen, appeared before the Classis and exhibited an instrument from the congregation at Raritan, in the province of New Jersey, by which they are authorized to call a minister for those churches. They declared that they had chosen for this purpose, the Rev. Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen, formerly minister at Lochimer Voorwerk, in East Friesland, now Co-Rector at Enckhuysen, with the request that the Classis would please to approve his call, and ordain him to the Sacred Ministry. Where-upon the Rev. Frelinghuysen, having come within, declared that he accepted said call in the fear of the Lord. He handed in at - the same time an excellent testimonial from the Coetus of Embden. The Classis having taken all things into consideration, approved the call, and ordained him to the Sacred Min- istry. He also signed the Formula of Con- cord, and promised to correspond with the Classis." (vol. x, page 99). About a year after this, the Synod of North Holland, in Article 35 of its session of July-August, 1719, notes in its classical changes: "Sent to Rari- tan in the province of New Jersey: Rev. Ja- cobus Theodorus van Frelinghuysen ;" and six months later, in the beginning of January, 1720, he landed in New York from the ship "King George," Captain Jacob Goelet, master ; and January 17, 1720, held his first public service and received his recognition by the American Dutch church, preaching for the Rev. Henry Boel in one of the collegiate churches of the city. Such was the entrance upon his ministry of the man who has ex- erted the most permanent influence upon the history of the Dutch church in this country, and whose principles have shaped its character and destiny in America. George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards and the Rev. Gilbert Ten- nant, all speak of him as "one of the greatest divines of the American church," and as being a devout soul, filled with religious zeal, keen
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