USA > New Jersey > Middlesex County > History of Middlesex County, New Jersey, 1664-1920, Volume I > Part 29
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The Monthly Journal of the Society was begun in 1904; since 1906, Dr. D. C. English of Middlesex has been and still is its editor. There is one example of many that might be cited of the work of Middlesex County members-that of Ezra M. Hunt, who for six years led the fight before Governors and legislators for a State Board of Health until in 1877 victory crowned his, his fellow workers' and the Society's earnest efforts.
About one quarter of the State Society's ninety-one members up to the year 1796, and of the additional fifty-five members from 1796 to 1818 were Middlesex County physicians, so that while the practitioners of that county were not organized as a county society until 1816, it is a question whether they might not claim that they were organized in 1766 in a far wider sphere of activity than they could have exerted if their field had been confined to the limits of that county. But in 1816 the Society secured the passage of a new Act to Incorporate the Medical Society of New Jersey, passed at Trenton, February 16, 1816, which authorized the reorganization of the State Society and provided that its annual meeting thereafter should be constituted by delegations from the District or County Societies which were to be formed, under the pro- visions of that Act.
A meeting of the State Society was held May 7, 1816, when Dr. John Van Cleve was chosen chairman and a Board of Fifteen Managers was elected-ten of whom were from Middlesex County and they elected the Society's officers as follows: President, Lewis Dunham ; vice-presi- dent, Enoch Wilson ; treasurer, E. F. R. Smith ; corresponding secretary, Aug. R. Taylor; recording secretary, Wm. McKissack-four of the five Middlesex physicians. Five County or District Societies ordered to be formed and Drs. Jacob and Lewis Dunham, E. Wilson, M. Freeman, Charles Smith, Nath. Manning, R. T. Lott and John Van Cleve were ap- pointed to organize Middlesex, which they did in New Brunswick on June 13, 1816, and at the State Society meeting May 12, 1818, its first delegation was received. The splendid history of this County Society cannot be rehearsed in any detail, its early records are reported lost or mislaid, nor is it necessary ; the fact should be emphasized that the all-important, essential basis of a medical society's value, its greatness and its influ- ence is not because of its perfect, well-oiled machinery, but in the char- acter and devotion of the men who compose its membership. The major part of the balance of this will refer to some of the societies and organiza-
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tions they founded for the public good, and also a few brief biographical sketches of the men.
It should be observed, however, that the effect of the new law organizing county societies was remarkably beneficial to the State and County Societies' growth and prosperity. The State Society's member- ship increased from a few scores to 400 in the sixties, to 898 in 1900 and in 1921 to over 2,200, the County Society from about a dozen members when organized, to 40 in 1904 and 86 in 1921. It is believed that the publishing of the monthly Journal by the State Society-in place of the annual volume of "Transactions," contributed largely to the increase. Another fact is to be noted-members were received by both societies with great care. The proper preliminary as well as medical education as essential qualifications for licensure was insisted on. The creation of the State Board of Medical Examiners by the legislature in 1890 has been of service, as they are specifically required by the law to license only those who have the prescribed educational qualifications. Since the creation of that Board 2,730 applicants have taken the examination and 440 were rejected. During the year 1920, 43 were examined, one of whom failed and one was expelled. It should be remembered that there were no medical colleges in the United States until 1769 when King's College established one and about the same time there was one in Philadelphia. and it is a matter of special interest that Middlesex County came very near to having two medical colleges. Queen's, now Rutgers, did have one, and Princeton, then within the bounds of Middlesex County, made two attempts and in the second would probably have suc- ceeded had not the eminent Dr. John Van Cleve-on whom they de- pended, died. Queen's did organize three times under the efforts of Dr. Nicholas Romayne, with its school located in New York City, but because of opposition from New York finally abandoned the medical school. It actually granted 79 degrees as follows: 1792 three of Med. Bac .- one of them being Dr. Charles Smith of New Brunswick-and four honorary degrees of M. D .; in 1793, six degrees of M. D. and two hon- orary degrees ; then in the second attempt, in 1812, five degrees of M. D .; in 1813, one degree of M. D .; 1814, two M. D.'s; 1815, seven M. D.'s; 1816, six M. D.'s. On the third attempt-in 1827, were conferred 27 M. D.'s and nine honorary M. D.'s; 1830, honorary degree of M. D. on two and in 1831 two more honorary M. D.'s; in 1832 two M. D.'s and in 1835 one honorary M. D. Solomon Andrews of Perth Amboy was one of the number who received the degree of M. D. in 1827.
The loss or misplacement of records by their custodians has com- pelled the author of this article to give an utterly inadequate report of the work of the Middlesex physicians of the past. The data that fol- lows of organized work, mainly of the recent past and the brief bio- graphical notes concerning many of the workers, will give some slight
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conception of the magnitude of that work. The biographies will partially show that the Middlesex physicians were not only able men devoted to the profession, but they were also patriots serving their country in times of war, in the Revolutionary War, the Civil War and the great World War especially. (General Washington had no abler surgeons whom he more appreciated than Drs. Moses Scott and John Cochran of New Brunswick). In civic life the same devotion was manifested by service as mayors (New Brunswick had four of the best in her city's record), in City Councils, in educational institutions, in various public health, public welfare and civic righteousness movements. And their contri- butions in the promotion of the religious life in their various communi- ties was marked by service as elders, deacons, trustees and otherwise that showed them to be mindful of the fact that they were worthy members of a high and holy calling-worthy followers of the Pilgrims' "Good Doctor Fuller," as he was called.
It is impossible for the mind to conceive, certainly of the pen to describe, the full results of the two meetings held in New Brunswick on July 23, 1766 and June 13, 1816. We refer in brief outline without comment, to a few of the results following those meetings: The organ- ization of County and City medical societies, insane asylums, hospitals, dispensaries, infirmaries, sanitary associations, the State Board of Health and the various local boards, now in every city, town and township, with their health officers, medical school inspectors, clinics, etc., doing an immense amount of charity work for the public good ; then, as we glance beyond the confines of the State, New Jersey appears as the Parent Society, leading other States in the establishment of such societies until now every State and Territory has its society, and from these have come the American Medical Association, the Pan-American Association, the Educational Medical Congress, the American Public Health Association, the College of Surgeons and other societies scattered throughout the land, whose members are devoting their time and efforts, as specialists in the various departments of medical, surgical, obstetrical and other branches of science, in the advancement of the profession. It should be remembered when speaking of the science, art and literature of the profession, that there was no true science in those early years. The dawn of true science really began in the middle of the nineteenth cen- tury ; the art was very slow in its development and progress and the literature would about fill the "five-foot shelf." It should also be remembered that the wonderful discoveries that caused the profession's great advancement have been made since the middle of the nineteenth century, e. g., the telegraph, telephone, improved methods of travel, the microscope, the x-ray and other instruments for precession in diagnosis, the laboratories with their various scientific tests, the antitoxins, vac- cines, sera, and the institutions like the Rockefeller and other research
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organizations for the promotion of scientific knowledge and the art that applies it.
It is not strange that, in view of the above facts and the importance of maintaining and advancing the profession's standing and the promo- tion of its greatest efficiency in the service of humanity, that the State and County Societies in 1920 were compelled to take action and the following committees were appointed :
Members of the Middlesex County Medical Society, February 1, 1921, and their residences :
President, George W. Fithian, Perth Amboy ; vice-president, Barth M. Howley, New Brunswick; secretary and reporter, Matthew F. Urbanski, Perth Amboy ; treasurer, David C. English, New Bruns- wick.
New Brunswick-John F. Anderson, Grover T. Applegate, James O'Carrington, William J. Condon, E. Irving Cronk, Thomas A. Devan, James L. Fagan, Ralph J. Faulkingham, Anthony Gruessner, Ben- jamin Gutmann, Florentine M. Hoffman, Charles V. Halst, William Klein, George F. Leonard, Mortimer H. Linden, Pauline A. Long, John F. McGovern, Robert L. McKiernan, Charles F. Merrill, Daniel L. Morrison, Herbert W. Nafey, J. Warren Rice, Laurence P. Runyon, Charles E. Saulsberry, James P. Schureman, Fred. W. Scott, Arthur L. Smith, Charles J. Sullivan, Howard C. Voorhees.
Perth Amboy-Morris S. Coble, Judson G. Cottrell, Edward W. Hanson, Joseph E. Hay, Frank C. Henry, John L. Lund, Wil- liam London, William H. McCormick, John L. MacDowall, Jacob J. Mann, Mar- tin S. Meinzer, Charles W. Naulty, Wil- liam E. Ramsay, J. Virgil Shull, Isadore Seigel, Charles I. Silk, Bern. H. Sirott, Benjamin F. Slobodien, John V. Smith, George W. Tyrrell, John G. Wilson.
Woodbridge-Ira T. Spencer. Carteret-Herbert L. Strandberg.
Chrome-Samuel Messenger. Roosevelt-John J. Reason.
Metuchen-Stanley Eiss, Alfred L. Ellis, Clarence A. Hofer, A. Clark Hunt, Lans- ing Y. Lippincott.
Dunellen-George W. Longbothum, Thomas H. Platt, Jr.
New Market-William J. Nelson.
Milltown-Norman N. Forney, Ferd E. Riva.
Dayton-Edgar Carroll.
Cranbury-Benjamin S. Van Dyke. Franklin Park-James C. Dunn.
Sayreville-Jesse H. Beekman.
South River-Charles B. Burnett, Mel- vin M. Hunt, Sarah Evans Selover, A. Lincoln Woods.
South Amboy-Selden T. Kinney, Eu- gene A. Meacham, J. Francis Weber. Belmar-Clarence M. Slack.
Jamesburg-John L. Suydam.
New York City-A. Schuyler Clark, Henry H. Janeway .*
*Dr. Janeway died February 1, 1921.
Dr. Bonn W. Hoagland is also in Wood- bridge, but his membership is in the Union County Society.
Permanent Delegates to the State Society. Nominated by the County Society and Elected by the State Society : Drs. C. H. Andrus,* John Helm,* Edw. B. Dana,* A. Treganowan,* C. H. Voorhees,* F. M. Donahue .* David Stephens,* John G. Wilson, Edgar Carroll, A. Clark Hunt, Arthur L. Smith, Frank C. Henry.
Physicians practicing in Middlesex county not members of the County Society at present : Drs. Ira C. Crandall, Old Bridge ; J. J. Col- lins, Woodbridge; George S. Dudley, C. T. Maas, New Brunswick; E. H. Eulner, South Amboy, Joseph S. Marks, Chrome ; Jacob C. Shinn, H. D. Zandt, Jamesburg ; Myron J. Whitford, Dunellen.
Middlesex Physicians in World War Service : Drs. Judson G. Cottrell, George W. Fithian, Edward K. Hanson,* John L. Lund, Benj. F. Slo-
*Deceased.
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bodein, of Perth Amboy; Drs. William J. Condon,* James L. Fagan, Anthony Gruessner, Charles F. Merrill, John F. McGovern,¿ Robert L. McKeernan,* Herbert W. Nafey,¿ James P. Schureman, of New Bruns- wick; J. Francis Weber,¿ of South Amboy.
A number of others served on the Local Exemption Boards: Drs. E. I. Cronk, G. W. Fithian, I. C. Crandall, B. S. Van Dyke, Edgar Carroll.
The following served on the County Advisory Exemption Board : Drs. J. G. Wilson, chairman ; John F. Anderson, F. M. Donohue, Benj. Gutmann, G. T. Applegate, B. M. Howley, L. Y. Lippincott, C. W. Naulty, Jr., C. I. Silk, A. L. Smith, C. J. Sullivan.
Several Middlesex physicians were enrolled in the Medical Reserve Corps, U. S. Army, and also in the Volunteer Medical Service Corps, authorized by the Council of National Defense and approved by the President of the United States.
The following have been officers of the Society since its organization in 1816:
Presidents-Charles Smith, 1816, 1822, 1826-28, 1836-37; Matthias Freeman, 1817; Nathaniel Manning, 1818; Jacob Dunham, 1819, 1825, 1829; William Van Deursen, 1820; Josiah B. Andrews, 1821; Lewis A. Hall, 1830; Jacob T. B. Skillman, 1831; James Clark, 1834; E. F. R. Smith, 1835, 1840; Samuel Abernethy, 1841; Ellis B. Freeman, 1842, 1846; John H. Van Deur- sen, 1843; Azariah D. Newell, 1844-45. (No meetings were held from 1845-1857). Augustus F. Taylor, 1857; Clifford Mor- rogh, 1858, 1881; J. T. B. Skillman, 1860; Henry M. Stone, 1861; Henry R. Baldwin, 1862-64, 1882; Ezra M. Hunt, 1865; Am- brose Treganowan, 1866, 1871, 1887; Charles Dunham, Jr., 1867; Charles H. Voorhees, 1868; Samuel St. John Smith, 1870; David C. English, 1872; Rush Van Dyke, 1873; Clarence M. Slack, 1874, 1898; William E. Mattison, 1875; Nicholas Wil- liamson, 1876; Thomas T. Devan, 1877; P. A. Shannon, 1878; Charles H. Andrus, 1879, 1890; J. Warren Rice, 1880, 1894; Thomas L. Janeway, 1884; Frank M. Donohue, 1885, 1904, 1916; A. Van Nest Baldwin, 1888; David Davis, 1889; John Helm, 1891; Edward B. Dana, 1892; Staats Van Deursen Clark, 1895; Arthur L. Smith, 1896; John G. Wilson, 1897; John L. Suydam, 1899; William M. Moore, 1900; A. Clark Hunt, 1901; Edward E. Haines, 1902; William E. Ramsey, 1903; William V. Mckenzie, 1905; Henry H. Janeway, 1906; Edgar Carroll, 1907; Ferd E. Riva, 1908; John C. Albright, 1909; Benjamin Gutmann, 1911; John L. Lund, 1912; Howard C. Voorhees, 1913; Frank
C. Henry, 1914; Martin S. Meinzer, 1915; Clarence A. Hofer, 1917; Eugene A. Meacham, 1918; Norman N. Forney, 1919; Lawrence P. Runyon, 1920; George W. Fithian, 1921.
Secretaries-John Van Cleve, 1816; Wil- liam Van Deursen, 1817-1836; Jacob T. B. Skillman, 1836-1846; Henry R. Baldwin, 1857; Charles Dunham, Jr., 1858; L. Fred. Baker, 1859; Joseph S. Martin, 1860; Samuel E. Freeman, 1861-1864; George W. Stout, 1865; James W. Meeker, 1866-1868; David Stephens, 1868-1874, 1888-1889; Rush Van Dyke, 1874-1876; William E. Mattison, 1876-1880; George G. Clark, 1880-1882; William Mabon, 1884; A. Van Nest Baldwin, 1885; Frank M. Donohue, 1886; John Helm, 1887; William M. Moore, 1903-1904; Alfred L. Ellis, 1905- 1907; Benjamin Gutmann, 1908-1909; Howard C. Voorhees, 1910-1911; Martin S. Meinzer, 1912-1913; Fred L. Brown, 1914-1917; William H. McCormick, 1918; Charles J. Sullivan, 1919; Herbert W. Nafey, 1920; Matt. N. Urbanski, 1921.
Treasurers-Jacob Dunham, 1816-1818: William Van Deursen, 1818; Nathaniel Manning, 1819-1825; John Adams Pool, 1825-1838, 1839; Garret P. Voorhees, 1838; Ellis B. Freeman, 1840-1844; E. F. R. Smith, 1844-1846; Henry M. Stone, 1857- 1860; John C. Thompson, 1860; J. S. Mar- tin, 1861-1865; F. S. Barbarin, 1866-1868; Charles Dunham, Jr., 1868-1875; Thomas T. Devan, 1875; David C. English, 1876 to date.
Reporters to the State Society-Ezra M. Hunt, 1862-1864, 1868-1869, 1882; Ambrose
*In U. S. Navy.
#In U. S. Army.
#Dr. Weber received a medal for meritorious service from General McRae.
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Treganowan, 1865, 1890-1891 ; Henry R. Baldwin, 1870-1873: David C. English, 1897-1910; Benjamin Gutmann, 1911-1914; 1874-1877; Charles H. Andrus, 1878-1879, Anthony Gruessner, 1915-1916; Fred L. 1889; Thomas L. Janeway, 1880-1881 ; Brown, 1917-1919; Herbert W. Nafey, 1919-1920; Matthew F. Urbanski, 1921.
Frank M. Donohue, 1883-1888; A. Van
Nest Baldwin, 1892-1896; Arthur L. Smith,
Societies Organized by Middlesex County Physicians :
The Medical Section of the Rutgers Club was practically the New Brunswick Medical Society as its membership was composed entirely of physicians of that city and Milltown. It was organized February 14, 1917, when Drs. L. P. Runyon, A. L. Smith, B. Gutmann, H. C. Voor- hees, F. E. Riva, C. E. Saulsberry, D. C. English, B. M. Howley, F. L. Brown, F. W. Scott, I. E. Cronk. C. J. Sullivan, G. Merrill, J. F. Ander- son, J. P. Schureman, N. N. Forney, F. M. Hoffman and H. W. Nafey met in the Alumni Hall of Rutgers College, and received an offer from the Rutgers Alumni Club of the use of their club house, which was accepted, an organization was effected, Constitution and By-laws adopted constituting as members physicians who were alumni of the College and other physicians of New Brunswick becoming members of the Rutgers Club by election and payment to the club of annual dues. Dr. Runyon was elected chairman of the organization; Dr. Smith vice- chairman ; Dr. Nafey, secretary and treasurer ; Dr. Brown, reporter.
The officers for 1920-21 are : Dr. D. C. English, chairman ; Dr. Hoff- man, vice-chairman ; Dr. C. W. Merrill, secretary and treasurer. The Society meets monthly except in July and August. One meeting, held at the residence of Dr. English, should have special notice. It was held in September, 1920, to do honor to the New Brunswick young men who had studied medicine and achieved great success in practice in Newark and New York-Drs. L. F. Bishop, A. S. Clark, J. F. Hagerty, H. H. Janeway, J. L. Trainor, E. H. Pool and Bernard Daly, the latter having sacrificed his own life in the saving of another's life.
Perth Amboy Medical Society was organized May 26, 1919. The present officers are: President, Dr. William E. Ramsay; vice-presi- dent, Dr. M. F. Urbanski ; secretary, Dr. Charles W. Naulty, Jr .; treas- urer, Dr. Martin S. Meinzer. The Society meets every second month except in July and August.
The New Jersey State Microscopical Society. Organized by Dr. J. W. Meeker, in 1871. He had bought a fine microscope a few years before and Prof. G. H. Cook and Prof. F. C. Van Dyck had been meeting at Dr. Meeker's residence experimenting with it. In 1871 most of the following doctors of the city met and organized this Society : Drs. J. W. Meeker, C. Morrogh, C. Dunham, H. R. Baldwin, D. C. English, C. H. Voorhees. N. Williamson, with Prof. Van Dyck, Rev. Samuel Lockwood and Julius Bloom, all New Brunswick men. They held frequent meet- ings, three of them public; at one Liquid Air was exhibited and dis- cussed ; at another a symposium on the Microscope, its uses in medical science. In 1880 the Society was incorporated and in 1881 its enroll- ment was 59 active and corresponding members. February 18, 1914, the name was changed to "The New Brunswick Scientific Society ;" its membership embracing men of all scientific professions.
The New Jersey Sanitary Association was formed to create a strong public sentiment in favor of the earnest efforts to create a State Board of Health as Governors and Legislators had been indifferent. It was not a Middlesex organization, but Dr. Ezra M. Hunt was the originator and
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inspirer of doctors and prominent laymen of our County and State. It had a powerful effect in securing the State Board in 1877 and Dr. Hunt became the leader in establishing and conducting the work for many years. His son, Dr. A. Clark Hunt, of Metuchen, is Chief of the Bureau of Medical Supervision and is the editor of the Bulletin published by the Board. He was president of the New Jersey Sanitary Association last year
The Board of Health in New Brunswick was instituted in 1879 with Dr. H. R. Baldwin as president. The Health Officers have been in suc- cession as follows : Drs. Edward A. Reiley, Thomas L. Janeway, A. Van Nest Baldwin, Staats V. D. Clark, Benjamin Gutmann and E. Irving Cronk, the last named was elected in 1910 and is still serving.
There were 520 deaths in 1920 in the city, the death rate was 1.5 per 1,000 of population.
The Board of Health in Perth Amboy was instituted in 1879. Dr. Matthew F. Urbanski is president of the Board. Charles S. Thompson, D. V. S., is the Health Officer. There were 498 deaths in Perth Amboy in 1920, the death rate was 11.46 per 1,000 of population.
Dr. J. V. Smith is Health Officer of the Port of Perth Amboy, appointed by the Governor of the State. Dr. Charles W. Naulty, Jr., has been Medical Officer in charge of the Perth Amboy Quarantine since 1907. The Medical Inspectors of Schools are Drs. Jacob J. Mann and William H. McCormick.
Welfare Committees-During the year 1920 Welfare Committees were appointed in the various counties to guard against legislation tend- ing to destroy the efficiency of the profession in serving the public. The Middlesex County Committee is: Drs. B. M. Howley, F. M. Hoff- man. C. I. Silk, F. L. Brown and B. S. Van Dyke.
Professional Guilds-There were also established in each of the counties Professional Guilds to oppose harmful legislation, in which physicians, dentists, druggists and nurses have been deeply interested.
The Middlesex County Guild's officers are: President, Dr. B. F. Howley : vice-president, Henry H. Petz, druggist; treasurer, Dr. P. L. Schwartz, dentist; secretary, Miss Marie Nielson, nurse; chairman executive council, Dr. D. C. English. A State Professional Guild has also been formed.
The writer calls the reader's attention to what he regards as the best and most important part of this article-that which sets forth the lives and activities of those who made the State and County Societies what they were, and the medical profession's record one that is worthy of our pride and of our undying devotion in best efforts to sustain its high standing and greatest efficiency in blessing humanity. We deeply regret our inability to give biographies also of the long list of "Other Deceased Physicians of Middlesex County." Many of them belonged to that grand class known as "Country Doctors," who often denied themselves comfort and needed rest, responding to calls day or night, at any distance, to relieve suffering patients.
Never in the history of our country and the world has there been greater need of contemplating and imitating the lives and service of
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such men as Samuel Fuller and the devoted godly men who were founders of our State and County Societies. We need to bear in mind that the greatness and achievements of the founders and deceased mem- bers of our County Society came from the facts that they were actuated by the consciousness that they belonged to a high and holy calling and that they were governed by a deep sense of their personal responsi- bility in dealing with the lives and health of those whom they served. The sense of responsibility is ever the foundation principle of all true, manly service, and the sine qua non of all great achievements.
After the biographical sketches we will give a brief outline in tabular form, of the present activities of the Middlesex County practitioners. They look forward to the future with no fear, notwithstanding the attempts to drag down scientific medicine, to stop its marvelous progress and destroy its efficiency, as they are sure that the right will triumph over ignorance and prejudice. The added burden that has been laid upon the profession-of educating the public through the Welfare Committee and the Professional Guild, concerning the fact that the profession's position, taken 154 years ago-that the three-fold object of its organiza- tion were-Mutual Improvement, Advancement of the Profession and the Public Good, still remain and will ever remain the same. The his- tories of both State and County Societies prove that the Public Good has been the chief object. We are encouraged in the belief that the efforts to educate the public will succeed, by the results of similar efforts on the Pacific Coast. Two bills were introduced in the California legis- lature-one to prohibit vaccination in the State; the other for the prevention of vivisection ; they were submitted to popular vote in the election last November with the following result: For the anti-vaccina- tion law, 359,987; against it, 468,911. For the anti-vivisection law, 272,288; against it, 527,130. Also in the Oregon legislature a constitutional amendment was introduced against compulsory vaccina- tion ; it was submitted to popular vote, with the result: For it, 63,038; against it, 127,200. Surely a good beginning. Medicine is making great advance. The medical research institutions are greatly increasing the knowledge of etiology and diagnoses of diseases and thereby enabling the profession not only to cure but also stamp out preventable diseases. Smallpox, yellow fever, the bubonic plague, have been practically wiped out except where ignorance and prejudice exist; other diseases have been greatly lessened ; tuberculosis, syphilis and cancer have been the hardest problems in recent years, but they are beginning to yield. The public should stop and think what this preventive work and what the general public health work, the hospitals, the clinics, etc., mean in cut- ting down the profession's incomes and mightily promoting the Public Good.
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