USA > New Jersey > Middlesex County > History of Union and Middlesex Counties, New Jersey with Biographical Sketches of many of their Pioneers and Prominent Men > Part 137
USA > New Jersey > Union County > History of Union and Middlesex Counties, New Jersey with Biographical Sketches of many of their Pioneers and Prominent Men > Part 137
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Jeremiah C. Force.
Samuel Force. Ebenezer Ford. Samuel Ford.
John Ford. Jacob Ford. William Ford. Matthew Fors.
Ebenezer Forster (Foater). David Frazee. Jonathan Frazee. Shortwell Frazee.
Hiram Frazee.
Morris Frazee.
Joseph Freeman.
Henry Freeman.
Col. Holmes.
Rev. Homans,
Samuel Hopkina.
Adam Hude.
Robert Hude.
James Huda.
Capt. H. Hudson.
F. Huffmaster. Hopewell Hull.
Benjamin Hull. Solomon Hunt.
Marmaduke Hunt. Rev. H. W. Hunt.
Edward Mundy. James Mundy.
Ezra Mundy.
Henry Mundy.
Henry Napp.
Alanson Newton.
Samuel Nevill.
John Nevill.
Walter Noakea.
Daniel Noa.
Jamea Noe.
Peter Noe.
John Noe.
Peter Elatona.
Philip Gage.
P. W. Gallandet.
John Geddis.
Rev. J. Giles.
Robert Gilchrist.
Rev. Gillispie.
The Gillmans Family. Amos Goodman.
- Goodwin.
Daniel Grasie (Gresey, or Gre- aie).
Joseplı Gray.
Benjamin Griffith. John Griffith. Edward Griffith.
Dr. J. Griffith.
Samuel Groome.
Robert Grove. Thomas Hadden.
The Hainea Family. Samuel IIale.
Abner Hampton.
George C. Hance. Rev. C. IlAnce.
William Hanbamı.
Jonathan Harned.
Nathan Harned.
William Harned. Dr. S. P. Harned. David Harriot.
John Harriet.
Samuel Harriot.
George Harriet. Ephraim Harriot.
Benjamin Harris Harpendine.
Peter Ilarpendine.
Col. J. Hart.
Joseph Haviland. Jamea Haydock. John Haydock.
Major Hayas.
John Heard.
Samuel Heard.
James Heard.
William Heard. Daniel Ilendricka.
William Herrod. Gershom Higgina. George Hollister. Sarah Holland.
John Holt.
Dr. E. B. Freeman. Jedediah Freeman. Dr. S. E. Freeman. Iarael Freeman.
Samuel Freeman. Alexander Freeman.
Dr. Matthew Freeman. Isaac Freeman. Lorrain Freeman. Melancthon Freeman.
Jonathan Freeman.
John Freeman.
David Freeman.
Dr. E. M. Hunt.
Rev. G. A. Hunt.
William Hutchinson.
The Family of Ilsleys.
Jonathan Inslee. Experience Inslee.
Charles Fullerton.
- Barnea.
Gach (or Gage). There were Thomas Gage.
Capt. Isaac Inslee. Charles Jackaon.
Themaa Jackson. Henry Jaquea.
Samuel Jaquea.
Jolın Jaqnes.
Rev. P. L. Jamea Jaquea.
Col. Moaea Jaques. Samuel Jaquiah.
Jamea Jeffry.
Benjamin Jeffry.
George Jeffry. Isaac Jeffry.
Rev. H. V. Jonea.
Willianı Jones.
Capt. Jonea.
George Keith.
James Kelly. John Kelly. Benajah Kelly.
Stephen Kent.
William Kent. David Kent.
John Kent.
Rev. - Kiggs. The Kinsey Family. Capt. Lacy. Robert Lacky.
The Lainge (or Laing) Family.
John Langstaff.
John Lasslett.
John Lawrence.
Robert Lee Leonard.
Capt. N. Leonard. Henry Lesenbe.
John Leshier.
Thomas Lewia. George Little. The Lochart Family. Michael Loug. John Loof bonrrow (spelt now Lufbery).
Thomas Lone]. James Luckhurst. Martin Lupardus.
The Lyon Family.
David Makany. Jeremiah Manning. Benjamin Manning. Jamea Manning. John Manning. Hugh March. George Marclı. The Marsh Family. John Oliver Martin. Merrick Martin. Ephraim Martin. The Mawbey Family. The Meeker Family. Jacob Melya. Leonard Melick. The Moore Family. The Moorea Family. John Mootry. Samuel Moffet. John Mores. Samuel Morea.
Ogden Family. The Connerly Family. Jamea Osborne. Capt. Palmer. Peter Pain, or Payne. Capt. Johan Pain, or Payne. William Pain, or Payne. The Pangborn Family.
Benjamin Parcost (Parkhurst).
Rene Pardepus. William Pardon. The Parker Family. The Pike Family. James Paton.
David E. Paton.
John Pierce (Parea or Pearce, all the same name).
The Perkina Family. Capt. William Piatt. P. B. Pope.
The Potter Family.
Elijah Pound. Richard Powell. The Read Family. Tha Rennolda _Family (Rey- nolda).
Col. Rickets. Joshua Rickhow Rifla. 0. Rifla. Hannah Right (or the Wright) Family.
Jolın Robeson.
Daniel Roberts. William Robinson. Daniel Robina. John Rolf, or Rolph.
Samuel Rolph. Joseph Rolph. Mosea Rolph. Henry Rolph. Robert Rogers. The Ross Family.
Isaac Dunham. Edmund Dunham. David Dunhanı. Benjamin Dunham. Azariah Dunham.
Thomas Edgar. Jamea Edgar.
Capt. Matthew Freeman.
Smith Freeman.
Josiah Freeman.
John Fullerton.
Cel. John French Fullerton.
William Edgar. Alexander Edgar. Clarkaon Edgar. David Edgar, Sr. James Eddy. Samuel Edsall. William Ellison. H. Elwell. William Elston.
Ellia Gaga. James Gage.
John Inslee. Samuel Inalee.
H. W. Holton.
560
HISTORY OF UNION AND MIDDLESEX COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY.
Thomas Rudyard.
Benjamin Thornell.
Capt. Ryerson.
The Thorp Family.
John Scudder.
Samuel Tingley.
The Sears (or Sayres) Family.
Penelope Titus.
Daniel Shaw.
John Trewman.
The Shotwell Family.
The Tucker Family.
The Skinner Family. Henry Smalley.
J. M. Tufts. Stephen Tuttle.
The Smith Family. Peter Sonmans.
Clande Valott.
C. Vandenhoven.
Peter Sonmans, Jr. Richard Soper.
Jaques Venet.
Nicholas Ver Lett.
John Stewart. The Stillwell Family. William Stone.
Daniel Voorhees.
Robert Vognillen.
The Sutton Family.
The Wade Family.
Thomas Swan.
The Walker Family.
Tappen (or Toppen) Family. William Taylor.
The Webster Family.
John Taylor.
John Witcher, or Whitaker.
Daniel Terrill.
Jolin White.
William P. Terrill.
Thomas Wiatt.
Thompson Family.
Robert Willis.
Thomson Family.
The North Family.
The Thorn Family.
C. Wyckoff.
Israel Thornell.
John Zeller.
Lewis Thornell.
These with a few other names not now known were the first who came to this township, which within a few years comprised parts of Rahway and Raritan townships.
CHAPTER LXXVI.
WOODBRIDGE_( Continued.)
Civil History .- In 1695 constables were appointed to collect the tax, an arrangement which continued until 1700. The salary of a rate-gatherer was twenty- seven shillings in 1684, fifteen shillings in 1693, and thirty shillings in 1697. There were other officers appointed, and styled the meat-packers, allowers of the town debts, fence· viewers, lot-layers, rangers, etc. Grand jurymen were first appointed in town-meeting April 4, 1671; Thomas Bloomfield, Sr., and John Martin were selected for that year. No other ap- pointments appear to have been made until 1676, when John Ilsley and Abraham Toppon (Tappin) were chosen. In 1680, John Pike (Sr.) and Matthew Moore filled the grand jurors' chairs, after which no further mention of the grand jury occurs.
We presume that Ezekiel Bloomfield was keeper of the pound for many years, for we read of animals . being impounded very often; but up to 1700, Ezekiel, who was elected to that distinguished position in 1692, is the only man whose name is used in connec- tion with the office.
Overseers of the poor were first chosen in 1682; Samuel Moore and Samuel Dennis were elected at that time, and no successors were appointed for many years. Sheriffs' fees were not granted until 1686. Jailors' fees were also allowed: "turning the key in and out," cight shillings; affixing the seal of the province to documents, five shillings.
April 18, 1686, Samuel Moore and Samuel Dennis were appointed to petition the new proprietors to confirm the town charter, which met with a favorable response, but the confirmation was not given.
In the mecting of October 1st, three men-Samuel Moore, John Bloomfield, and Jonathan Bishop-were appointed to meet with a committee from Elizabeth- town to consult concerning the best route for a high- way between that place and Woodbridge, their de- cision to be laid before the next Assembly for final disposition. This road was eventually opened, whether in consequence of these or subsequent negotiations we cannot tell.
Deputy Governor Laurie sent a message to Wood- bridge, which was read in the town-meeting of June 30, 1684, in which he requested the gift for the pro- prietors of five hundred acres of land, to be included within the bounds of Amboy. This was unanimously and decidedly refused by the freeholders. In Janu- ary, 1686, John Bishop "ingaged to make a sufficient Bridge over the Brook called the Mill Brook, in the country Highway leading to Elizabeth-towne." This is the stream in Lower Rahway (or Leesville) which is now spanned by a bridge as in those days, and probably at the same place. In the same month and year "Obadiah Hayers" is appointed one of the con- stables. This is only a peculiar way of spelling the name of "Ayres," or "Ayers," which appears in the records in 1695 as " Ayres." There can be no doubt of the identity of the persons.
June 29, 1688, John Dennis was appointed to superintend the making of a bridge near his house, over the brook which runs across the road on the west of Alexander Edgar's residence. Dennis lived on the east side of the highway, about where Edmund Ayres now lives.
It appears that the death of the rate-gatherer, Is- rael Thornell, for the year 1688, caused considerable trouble; some of the taxes had been gathered, but he left his accounts in so unsettled a condition that evi- dence and personal oaths were required to settle the question of payment in many cases. "Not that Thornell was dishonest; but being stricken down suddenly, he had no time to adjust his business with the town." John Ilsley acceptably filled out the un- expired term of Mr. Thornell.
On the 2d of February, 1693, it is recorded that John Bloomfield and Jonathan Bishop should each receive 12s. for "going up to the Indians this last spring." "It is likely," says Mr. Dalley, "that they went to the north to treat with the savage tribes and secure their friendship. At this time the Indians were in alliance with the French, and were disturb- ing the frontier. The war between England and France was raging, and the emissaries of the latter were plotting the destruction of the English colonies. All means were employed to propitiate the red men, and the Jersey settlers generally were secure from their fury," Governor Hamilton, in October of this
John Warlock.
The Vail Family.
561
WOODBRIDGE.
year, called for men and money to forward to New York for the defense of that province from the allied forces.1 The deputies agreed to send fifteen men to Albany to protect that point. The Governor was in- dignant. He wanted thirty men at least. They said they had five more, making twenty, who might go. The Governor told them it "seemed very strange that they should bargaine as if they were buying or selling a horse or a cow when their own safety & credit lyes at stake." But the deputies would only send twenty men, arguing that they were too poor to pay the expenses of a larger number. They were poor, however, but their generosity was not remark- able.
In the autumn of 1694 the bridge over the Papiack was pushed forward to completion under the super- vision of Matthew Moore.
It appears that John Crandell, a blacksmith, was granted two acres of upland on the 18th of July, 1698, provided he would settle in Woodbridge and follow his trade. This he agreed to do, and he set up a shop accordingly.
Wolves must have become very troublesome to the inhabitants, as a price was agreed upon March 13, 1697, of 25s. for every one that was slaughtered be- fore the Ist of January. And September, 1698, " Many Wolves have been brought into the village, in too great numbers for the condition of their finances, as it was agreed to reduce the price for each one slain to 12s.," being a reduction of 138.
In the meeting of the town, 1703, " A new pound was among the things determined upon," the "old stuff" condemned to be sold to help pay for the im- proved structure. Pounds, it will be observed, re- ceived a large share of the public attention. Ani- mals were not allowed to walk around the village with impunity.
March 30, 1705, the first Town Committee was ap- pointed for one year. They were Capt. John Bishop, Capt. Elisha Parker, Jolın Ilsly, Nathaniel Fitz Ran- dolph, John Pike, Joseph Rolph, and Thomas Pike.
At the same meeting permission was given to Elisha Parker to build a "Good Grist-Mill" on the Papiack Creek, with a grant of a piece of land about forty feet square. It was to be built as near the bridge as possible. "This may have been the mill which once stood on the stream just back of Jaques Venet's residence. It has long ago disappeared." John Pike and Richard Cutter, July 14, 1709, were permitted by the town-meeting to build a grist-mill " on the North side of the Ditch, at the south side of the Cornfield Landing, and to have so Much Land adjoining to the said Ditch and the main creek as shall be for the convenience of said Mill, So it Doth not Prejudice the said Landing." In 1710 the mill was finished, and these two men entered in equal partnership.
--
On the 6th of May, 1713, three sheepmasters were appointed to protect the flocks from wolves and dogs, and to prevent the destruction by the sheep of the growing corn and the grass in the pasture lands.
March 1, 1714, the sum of £15 was appropriated, partly for the purchase of a "town book" and partly for the relief of the poor. This book was bought, and is known as the " Freeholders' Book." It was rebound in October, 1868, by order of the Town Committee, and is therefore in a good state of preservation.
May 8, 1717, was a day appointed for drawing of lots, being the fourth division of the public lands, and special pains were taken to have the disposition of plots as fair and equal as possible. We find that Caleb Campbell was permitted to draw a lot in con- sideration of the fact that his wife was the first Chris- tian child born in Woodbridge. Robert Gilchrist was moderator for the day. John Parker was elected to draw the lots. It was agreed that each freeholder should pay down to Daniel Britton, the town treasu- rer, six shillings and sixpence for expenses immedi- ately on drawing his lot. The plots had all been marked out and numbered beforehand. The modus operandi is fully explained by this resolution, to wit : " Itt was voated & agred yt ye ffreholders should pro- sede to Draw their sd fourth Division Lots (& accord- ingly they Did): They being Numbered on Little pices of Paper & Putt Into a bagg & Drawn by John Parker, according [to] ye fore going voatt: ye sd Lotts being Drawn, In ye Names of ye originall ffree- holders." Eight acres of good land were to be repre- sented by each slip of paper. Caleb Campbell, who had been so fortunate as to marry the first born native of Woodbridge, drew Lot No. 35, and which proved to be a plot on the road to Piscataway. The follow- ing names and numbers were drawn : Daniel Pierce, No. 19; Joshua Pierce, 42; John Martin, Sr., 18; Hopewell Hull, 22; Hugh Dun, 20; Charles Gilman, 8; Matthew Moore, 45; John Smith, Scotchman, I; Matthew Bunn, 14; John Ileslee, 53; Abraham Tap- pen, 61; Isaac Tappen, 59 ; Robert Dennes, 33; John Dennes, 49; Thomas Bloomfield, Sr., 47; John Bloom- field, 2; Henry Jaques, Jr., 12; Stephen Kent, 10; S. Kent, Jr., 63; Daniel Gresey (or Grasie), 50 ; Rich- ard Worth, 29; John Pike, Jr., -; Jonathan Haines, 6; John Witcher, 57; George Little, 36; Elisha Iles- lee, 23; Obadiah Ayres, 56; Nathan Webster, 13; George March, 51; Thomas Alger, 67 ; Robert Rogers, 62; William Compton, 25 ; John Watkins, 65; Thomas Bloomfield, 3; Samuel Moore, 7; John Smith, 28; Samuel Smith, 27 ; Elisha Parker, 58; Henry Jaques, 54; Hugh March, 5; Samuel Hale, 21; Henry Les- enbe, 39; John Adams, 32; Benjamin Parkes, 9; Jedediah Andrews, 26; Ephraim Andrews, 4; John Dilly, 69; Daniel Robins, 44; John Cromwell, 24; John Conger, 15 : Samuel Bacon, 48; Mr. Le Prairie, 31 ; John Trneman, 60; Jonathan Dunham, 38 .; David McKenney, 52; Joshua Bradley, 34; Philip Cart- wright [Carteret], 40; John Allen, 66; Jonathan
1 The Governor and Council, p. 159.
562
HISTORY OF UNION AND MIDDLESEX COUNTIES, NEW JERSEY.
Bishop, 41; Thomas Adams, 64; John Everit, 46; James Clarkson, 43; Thomas Pike, 30; Caleb Camp- bell, 35; John Bishop, Sr., 68; John Bishop, Jr., 17 ; Jolın Tailor, 37.
Rev. Mr. Dalley in his history says, " It was nearly fifty years since the first of these original freeholders had come to Woodbridge. Some of them had died, others moved away. Some had sold their rights, as had John Dilly, whose claim was owned by Robert Gilchrist. The children of others had inherited their fathers' rights, as had the younger Samuel Moore. Of the men who drew in their own rights as original free- holders, five certainly were present on this occasion, viz. : John Bloomfield, John Bishop, Jr., Samuel Smith, Thomas Pike, and Stephen Kent, Jr. Possi- bly a few others were there, but it is doubtful. These five were all old men, and not many years after their familiar faces were missed from their accustomed haunts in the village, and others occupied the home- steads they had built.
The minutes recorded in the second town book em- brace the period from 1717 to 1799. One meeting a year for the election of officers is all we find, except in a few instances. A large part of the volume is taken up with the designation of the ear-marks put upon cattle to indicate the ownership of them. This peculiar record extends from 1720 to 1809, and is a good means of showing the number of well-to-do families in Woodbridge. Here is an entry made in the year 1766 :
" May ye 2d Azel Roe ye minister made entryey of his ear mark which ie a Swallow fork in ye left ear and two halfe penneye under ye Right."
We have many of these ancient records in this county, which are nearly filled with the markings of cattle, and signed by the town clerk's signature. It is not known if a fee was paid for recording, as no men- tion is made of the fact. Generally a rough sketch of head of animal with ear drawn erect, and showing the markings described. A "swallow fork" is simply made by the cutting a piece out of either the right or left ear in shape of an acute triangle, the acute triangle extending inward. A "half-penny" is a piece cut out about the size indicated by the term.
The question has been asked whether slaves were brought from Europe by the early settlers, but the question has never been answered with any known authority. It seems that in 1680 there were negroes in bondage in the province. In 1810, Woodbridge had two hundred and thirty slaves. The following, bearing date June 3, 1717, is written in Liber B, folio 100:
" Know all nien by these presents yt 1, Shoball Smith, of Woodbridge in ye county of Middx in ye province New East Jersey, for and in con- sideration of ye sum of fifty pound Current Silver Money of ye sd prov- ince to me In hand paid by Sammel Smith of ye same place yeoman of ye | town and provence aforesd-do bargain sell allinent and deliver one Negro woman named Pebe to sd Saml Smith for him his heirs and as- signs," etc.
Building a Bridge .- Woodbridge, June 11, 1757, proposals being made for building a good stone bridge across the great brook adjoining to Thomas Lewis (now Jacques Venet's property ), in order to encourage it the following persons agree to give the several helps towards it as is annexed to their names, on condition that said bridge is actually built directly, viz. :
James Parker (subscription illegible).
Alexander Edger, five loads of stone.
Thomas Gach, Esq., six loads of stone and load of wood.
John Bloomfield, three loads of stone.
Jonathan Inslee, five loads of stone and load of wood.
James Pike, four loads of stone.
John Conway, 14 shillings.
Benjamin Bloomfield, 10 shillings.
Gershom Conger, 10 shillings.
Edward Barber, two days' work and 10 bushels of shells.
James Osborne, four days' work.
Thomas Lewis, twenty shillings.
Arthur Adlington, five shillings.
Thomas Hadden, two loads of oyster shells.
Joseph Bloomfield, five loads of stone.
William Thorne, ten shillings.
Mary Jackson, seven shillings.
Daniel Noe (if sent for), one load of oyster shells.
Ananias Lewis, four shillings.
Joseph Shotwell, Jr., seven shillings.
Daniel Shotwell, seven shillings.
Jonathan Kinsey, one load of shells.
David Evens, two loads of shells.
William Frazee, five shillings. John Thaxter, two days' work.
James Crowell, three shillings and sixpence.
James Walker, seven shillings.
Nathaniel Fitz Randolph (uncle), two days' work.
Seriah Bunn, seven shillings.
Nathaniel Heard.
John Heard.
William Kent, cash 14 shillings.
Isaac Tappan.
Joseph Cutter.
William Cutter, three loads of stone.
Richard Cutter, 3 loads of stone.
Daniel Ayres.
Nathaniel Pike, 2 days' work.
William Pike.
Richard Wright, 10 shillings.
William Smith.
Shobal Smith.
Robert Stone, four loads of stone.
Samuel Barnes (or Barron).
William Stone.
David Harriot, 4 load of stone and one of wood.
George Harriot.
Benjamin Alford, 3 days' work.
David Perkins.
James Jones, three loads of stone.
T
DI
ESTOUn
-1.
18251833
SALAMANDER WORKS
BLOCKS.
FURNACE
FIRE!
Office and Depot, foot of Bethune Street, New York.
W'M. POILLON, President.
" SALAMANDER WORKS," WOODBRIDGE, MIDDLESEX CO., N. J.
ASSI
BRICK &
SALAMANDER WORKS.
This extensive clay manufacturing interest was established in the year 1825, and incorporated in 1871. The clay lands are situated west of the town of Woodbridge, on the road to New Brunswick, this being their main elay bank. Mr. Michel Lefoulon was for many years the senior partner, and up to the time of his death, in 1842, carried on extensively the largest clay mannfactory in this State, employing a large number of men. In 1878 a report of the clay interests of this State was first published, giving quite an extensive account of this firm,-" The Salamander Works;" and from this account we glean the following interesting facts, although since that year they have extended their works, and increased their facilities for the manufacture of fire-hriek, glazed sewer- and water-pipes, bakers' ovens, chimney tops, stove linings, cylinder brick, grate cheeks, dentists' and jewelers' enameling, annealing, and case-hardening furnaces and retorts, refiners' erneibles, etc.
The clay bank goes westward and northward into the hill, which is here one hundred feet above mean high-tide level. The elevation of the workable clay hed [top] is about eighty feet. This bank has a long working face, and exhibits con- siderable variation in the vertical sections taken at different points. The following distance, in 1875, of the northeast bank strata showed
1. Red shale drift. 8 feet.
. Yellow sand and gravel ... 6
3. Clay and sand 6
4. Black pipe-clay 2
5. Sandy clay. 3
6. Light blue and red clays 6
7. Alum clay. 4 inches.
8. Fire-clay, No. 1 3 feet.
9. Fire-clay, No. 2 2
10. Red or spotted clny. 3
Red sandy clay at the bottom.
The red shale drift as here shown in the cut face of the bank contains many large bowlders of indurated shale and trap rock. Some thin layers of very sandy white clay are seen in it; these are short and unconnected. No other evidences of stratification are to be seen. The bed of sand and gravel under it is very irregular, sometimes thinning out entirely and leaving nothing between the dark-colored clay and the red shale drift. Generally this sand is very beautifully laminated, the thin pebbly sheets separating the thicker sand layers ; some of this sand is uniform in grain, and has enough loam with it to be used in moulding. Towards the bottom there is more gravel and the pebbles are larger. The clay and sand show stratification in irregular, alternate layers or lamina. Scattered throughout this bed there is much lignite and some pyrite. The lignite occurs very generally in certain horizoos or layers, and in some of these it makes up the bulk of the mass. No leaf impressions have been found at this bank. The pyrite and lignite and the excess of sand in this layer make it practically worthless, and the black clay is slightly gritty but very tough. It is used in the mixture for drain- and sewer-pipe. An analysis of a specimen of this clay gave the following results :
Alumina 22.20
Silicic acid and sand.
61.25
Water ..
8,00
Potash
2.44
Soda ..
Lime.
Magnesia ..
0.94
Sesquioxide of iron
5,30
Lignite ...
0.30
Total 100.43
From the percentage of alumina and water here given, it follows that there is comparatively a large percentage of quartz sand. The amounts of potash and iron, also, are large, and indicate a clay of low degree of refractoriness.
A boring made several years ago in the bottom of a pit is reported to have gone twenty-seveti feet below this clay all in quartz sand.
The fire-sand pit is a few rods south of the Woodbridge and Metochen road, and south of William H. Berry's clay pits. The bearing or top dirt on the sand is red shale drift, and is from five to ten feet thick. In it there are some large bowlders of gneiss, trap rock, indurated shale, etc., etc. The top of the sand is sixty to sixty-four feet above high-water level, and it is said to be eight feet thick. This elevation agrees with the hori- zon of the fire-sand bed. The sand of this locality is white and consists almost exclusively of quartz. This short but interesting account of these clays is at the present time (1882) much more extentled, and the manufactory has been enlarged within a few years, buildings to accommodate all the material having been erected. A capital of over $150,000 has been invested, giving constant employment to one hundred and twenty-five persons. They have reached a bottom of sandy silica clay and a pure alumina, which have become invaluable in the Sala- mander Works.
The present officers are William Poillon, president; Cor- nelius Poillon, Jr., secretary ; and Henry C. Ingrabam, super- intendent. The maio brick building is two stories high, one hundred and fifty hy two hundred feet, and contains eight fire- kilns, which are heated night and day. There are brick build- ings and sheds for storing the clays and finished materials ready for market; also one large brick building capable of holding twenty teams, which are used at the pits and for load- ing the cars.
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