USA > New Jersey > Hudson County > History of the county of Hudson, New Jersey : from its earliest settlement to the present time > Part 27
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for his good behavior, and permitted him to return to his farm on New Barba- does Neck. He succeeded his great grandfather as eleventh Earl of Casselis, in the Scots Peerage. His first wife was the only child of Colonel Peter Schuyler, of New Barbadoes Neck. His second wife was Anne, daughter of John Watts, of New York, whom he married April 27, 1769. Ile died Deceni- ber 29, 1794, leaving two sons, John and Robert, who, by his will, dated January 19, 1794, inherited all his property in America. In 1803 they made Robert Watts their attorney to sell their lands.
314
HISTORY OF HUDSON COUNTY.
quiet possession, filed on the Sth of September, 1786. After a long contest, Chancellor Patterson dismissed this bill on the 6th of March, 1793. On the 10th of July following, a petition was filed before Governor Howell to open the decree of dismissal, and for a rehearing. This was granted, and the cause reargued on the 11th of February, 1794. On the 20th of the same month, the Chancellor ordered that the trustees should give up possession to Kennedy and then bring an ejectment suit in the Supreme Court, to be tried before a special jury from the county of Somerset, at the bar in Trenton. the verdict to be certified to the Chancellor. Kennedy dying in 1794, Robert Watts was put upon the record in his place on the 26th of April, 1796. The trial began on Thursday, the 25th of February, 1800, and con- «Inded on Saturday evening. On Monday morning a verdict was rendered in favor of the plaintiffs.1
Notwithstanding this defeat, Watts held on to the farm. Then the trustees filed a bill asking the Court of Chancery to give effect to the verdict, but before the court decided what should be done, a compromise between the parties was effected, and the trustees were virtually the losers. Both parties disposed of their interest in the farm to John B. Coles,2 of New York, on the 4th of February, 1804. Kennedy received for his interest 820,000, and Bergen received $14,285.75, out of which were to be paid the expenses of law suits, &c., amounting to $3,057.30.3 Thus was the magnificent farm of the West India Company, which
1 Aaron Ogden and Mr. McWhorter were the counsel for the plaintiff's, and Richard Stockton and Mr. Lake for the defendant .- Sentinel of Freedom, March 11, 1800.
2 John B. Coles was born on Long Island, December 31, 1760. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Benjamin Underhill, September 22, 1781, and died January 2, 1827. He resided in the city of New York from 1780 until his death. He was Alderman of the First Ward and State Senator.
3 The items of this bill were as follows :
A. MeWhorter's lawyer's bill, $400 13
C. Van Vorst for money advanced, 134 27
Sandry bills in connection with suit, 2,523 10
$3,057 50
N. Y BUREAUOF ILLUSTRATION
CASTLE POINT AND THE ELYSIAN FIELDS.
315
HOBOKEN.
had been the pride of the Indians and the Dutch, frittered away.
" There onst was two cats in Kilkenny, And aich thought there was one cat too many ; So they quarrelled and fit, And they gouged and they bit, Till, excepting their nales And the tip of their tails, Instead of two cats there wasn't any."
The people in Harsimus, prior to the introduction of the Pas- saic water, depended on wells. Many of these were sunk and kept in repair by assessment on property benefited. Those which had been sunk by individuals prior to 1841 were surrendered to the township.
The first street lamp put up by public authority was on the corner of Grove street and Railroad avenue. This was on the 3d of December, 1845. Lamps were put up only where a ma- jority of the owners of lots lighted petitioned for them.
The following is taken from the Weekly Post Boy, January 27, 1746 :
"We are credibly informed that some days ago a fish was found dead, ashore, near Horsimus, in New Jersey. opposite the back of this city, having a head nearly resembling that of a man. with hair on it." In a few days the crows carried off the body. except the bones, " which, 'tis said, about the breast and ribs. very much resembled the human anatomy, but as it draws toward the tail, entirely in fish. This strange phenomenon has occa- sioned no small speculation all over that part of the country. as well as in some parts of this city. However, we are told it has since been discovered, or at least thought to be, only a porpoise with his snout ent off!"
HOBOKEN.
The first white occupant of Hoboken was HIendrick Cornelissen Van Vorst, eldest son of Panw's Commissary at Ahasimus. When he first occupied this bouwerie is not known, but on the 12th of
316
HISTORY OF HUDSON COUNTY.
March, 1639, he took a lease of it for twenty years from the 1st of January, 1640. In the lease the place is said to have been " heretofore occupied by him." He agreed to give as rent " the | part of the crops which God may vouchsafe to the soil, either in sheaves on the field or as shall be considered best, and twelve capons every year," and to deliver back the land unsown.1 In the summer of 1639 he returned to Holland, and there died. On the 15th of February, 1640, Governor Kieft leased the place to Aert Teunissen Van Putten for twelve years from the 1st of Jan- nary, 1641. Kieft agreed to erect a small house on the place, and Teunissen agreed to yield as rent "the fourth sheaf with which God Almighty shall favor the field."? There is no doubt that the house which Kieft built for Teunissen was the first build- ing in Hoboken. Van Vorst, the former occupant, was unmar- ried, and most likely lived at his father's in Harsimus.
Tennissen forthwith began to improve his leasehold. He fenced the lands, cleared the fields and erected a brew-house. Thus he became the first brewer within the county, if not within the State. Ile stocked his bouwerie with twenty-eight head of large cattle, besides various small stock, such as swine, goats, sheep, &c., together with many fruit trees. With a true Dutch farmer's pride, Teunissen continued to improve the place until the war of 1643 broke ont. when he, having gone out on a trading expedition, was killed near Sandy Hook.3 His cattle and other stock were destroyed, his dwelling house, barns and stacks of grain burnt, the brew-house alone remaining." On the 12th of March, 1645, his widow. Susanna Jans, married Sybont Claesen, a house carpenter in New Amsterdam. He shortly afterward claimed a right to the possession of the bouwerie in the name of his wife : but Kieft leased it to Dirck Claesen, from Bremen.5 This lessee soon abandoned the place, after which it remained unoccupied for some time.
At what time Nicholas Verlet (Varlet, Varleth) came into pos-
L.V. Y. Col. MSS., i., 76. 2 Ibid, i., 187. 4Col. Ilist. N. Y., i .. 328.
Valentine's Hist. of N. Y., 47. Winfield's Land Titles, 56.
317
HOBOKEN.
session of the bouwerie is not known, but in March, 1656, he sold the frame of a house at Hoboken to Michiel Jansen, and on the 28th of that month requested of the government six or cight soldiers to aid him in getting it away. But the Indians claim- ing the frame (except the nails), his request was refused, on the ground that the Indians might commence a fight, which it was feared might become general.1
On the return of the planters to their farms in Pavonia, there is no doubt but Verlet came with them. But it was not until the 5th of February, 1663, that he obtained from Stuyvesant a patent for the land. This was confirmed by Governor Carteret on the 12th of May, 1668. Nicholas Bayard (whose widow Verlet had married) was his partner in the Secaucus tract, but it is not known that he was ever interested in Hoboken. On the 19th of June, 1711, however, it came by purchase to the Bayard family.> who used it for a summer residence. The farm was worked by tenants, and greatly improved through the liberality of its owners. In 1760 there was on it a garden of five acres filled with a choice collection of English fruit, such as peaches, pears, plums. cherries, nectarines and apricots ; a large dwelling house, which Bayard occupied as his summer residence, and another adjoining under the same roof used as a farm-honse, with convenient cellars and an " extraordinary kitchen ;" out houses, a new smoke house. fowl house, a large stable, with stalls for ten horses on one side. over which was a granary and hay loft, which would hold twenty loads of hay. Upon the farm were thirty milch cows and thirty young cattle, twenty fat hogs, six fat cattle and a pair of oxen. Besides an old orchard capable of producing eighty barrels of cider a year, there were about one thousand young trees, all grafted with the best of fruit. It was considered that scarcely anything in America could equal its convenience for marketing, as in good weather one might "cross, take one time with another, in half an hour."3
'N. Y. Col. MSS., ci., 347.
2 Winfield's Land Titles, 39, where also see a sketch of Verlet. Although the owner of Hoboken, he lived in Bergen. Ibid, 108.
N. Y. Mercury, December 8, 1760.
31>
HISTORY OF HUDSON COUNTY.
The Bayard mansion was on Castle Point, or " Castile,"1 and was burned by the patriots on Saturday, the 24th of August, 1780, and the farm laid waste. The owner at this time was William Bayard .? This gentleman being a loyalist, his property was con- fiscated, and, on the 16th of March, 1784, sold to John Stevens. In 1804 the place was laid out upon a map, which was entitled,
PHOTOENG GO
To: StevenA TAGterms
N. Y. Mercury, August 28, 1780.
2 William Bayard was associated with Jay, Lewis, etc., the Committee of Fifty Whig sympathizers at the beginning of the war. In 1773 Mr. Quincy, of Massachusetts, in passing on his way from the South, recorded in his journal : " Dined with Col. William Bayard, at his seat on the North River." In 1775 the Massachusetts delegates to the Continental Congress were his guests at the same place. The capture of New York by the British in 1776 induced him to believe that they would succeed in the contest. Hence he forsook the pa- triot cause and became a loyalist, active and zealous as new converts generally are. The tories in this vicinity were indebted to him for the watch-boats fur- nished to the Jersey volunteers. N. Y. Mercury, February 2, 1778. At the close of the war he went to England, where he lived to be a very old man. He died in 1804, at his seat, Greenwich House, Southampton.
319
HOBOKEN.
" A Map of the new City Hoboken." On the 20th of March, 1804, Colonel Stevens advertised a four days' sale of eight hundred lots at Hoboken. This sale was to be at public auction, on Mon- day. April 9, at the Tontine Coffee House, New York ; on Tues- day at Hoboken, on Wednesday at the Tontine Coffee House. and on Thursday at Hoboken. Ten per cent. of the purchase price was to be paid within ten days, the balance in four annual payments, the deed to be given on making the first annal pay- ment. David Dixon was the auctioneer. The purehasers were requested to meet at the Tontine on Saturday, the 14th of April, to give names to the streets, each person to have as many votes as he had lots on the streets to be named.
The Hoboken Land and Improvement Company was incorpo- rated February 21, 1838, and the heirs of John Stevens1 conveyed to it the unsold property, May 6, 1839.
The township of Hoboken was set off from the township of North Bergen on the 1st of March, 1849; organized April 16, 1849. It was incorporated as a city on the 28th of March, 1855, in the name of " the Mayor and Council of the City of Hoboken." The acceptance of the charter was left to the people. The vote thereon was taken on the 29th of March, and stood : " Charter," 337: "No Charter," 185.
Mayors.
Cornelius V. Clickener, 1855-7. Franklin B. Carpenter, 1857-8, 1859-61.
Frederick B. Ogden, 1865-7. Frederick W. Bohnstedt, 1867-9. Hazen Kimball, 1869-71. Frederick L. Schmersahl.
George W. Morton, 1858-9.
John R. Johnston, 1861-3.
Lorenzo W. Elder, 1863-4. 1871-3.
Charles T. Perry, 1864-5.
Peter MeGavisk, 1873.
! Colonel John Stevens was the founder of Hoboken. He was born in New York in 1749, and died in 1838. His grandfather, John, was a native of Eng- land, and came to New York as one of the law officers of the crown. His father, Jolin, became a resident of New Jersey, and married Elizabeth Alexander. He was at one time Vice-President of the Council. Colonel John married Rachel, daughter of John Cox, of Bloomsburg, N. J. He was for several years Treasurer of the State. His sister married Robert R. Livingston, Chancellor of the State of New York.
320
HISTORY OF HUDSON COUNTY.
C'lerks.
Samuel W. Carey, 1855-7. John Kennedy, 1861-70.
Henry M. Brandis, 1857-8. Frederick E. Rowald, 1870-2.
Augustus O. Evans, 1858-9. John R. McCulloch, 1872-
William R. Harrison, 1859-61.
On the 15th of April, 1814, Samuel Swartwont and his brother Robert purchased a large tract of land at Hoboken. They im- mediately commenced to reclaim the land by erecting permanent dikes and opening ditches. Part of the land drained came under successful cultivation. About one hundred cows were, in 1819. fed upon these reclaimed marshes, and their milk sent to New York market. Grain of various kinds, and vegetables in abun- dance, were also raised. In 1819 their funds gave out. They applied to the Corporation of New York for aid. They were not successful, and the project was abandoned.1
Water was introduced in October, 1858.
NORTH BERGEN.
On the 10th of February, 1843, all that portion of the county lying north of the New Jersey Railroad and the Mill Creek was set off from the township of Bergen, and named the township of North Bergen. It has been, from time to time, despoiled of ter- ritory for cities and townships, until at present it is confined to Secancus and that part of the county lying north of the Paterson plank road and west of Dallytown road. Secaucus is an island, lying between Pinhorne creek and the Hackensack river. It is mentioned in the deed of the Indians to Stuyvesant by the name of Sickakes.2 On the southerly end of the island is a bold bluff rising ont of the salt marsh, known as "Slangen Bergli " and " Snake Hill." It is now owned by the county, and the Almis
1 N. Y. Evening Post, July 24, 1819.
" For a minute history of this island, cide Winfield's Land Titles, 130.
3 Long. Ist. Hist. Soc., ¿. , 156. " And is so named on account of the nuinerous snakes which infest it."
321
NORTH BERGEN TOWNSHIP.
House, Lunatic Asylum and Penitentiary are there. Just north of Snake Hill is an elevated piece of upland, once known as " Mount Pinhorne." This latter place, in all probability, was the residence of Judge Pinhorne. In 1729 the plantation was said to contain " 600 acres of timber, 200 cleared land, 1,000 meadow, new house and barn, two orchards of about 1,200 bear- ing apple trees."" Three hundred acres of this plantation now constitute the " Poor House Farm." The purchase of this farm for county purposes was first agitated in November, 1845. It was not, however, until December, 1855, that the Board of Chosen Freeholders resolved to buy it. Several townships and cities had been set off from Bergen, without reserving their right to the farm, so that at this time it was owned by Bergen, North Bergen, Hoboken, and Hudson City. On March 7, 1861, the Legislature named Commissioners from these four municipalities, with power to convey the same to the county. The purchase was completed, and in February, 1862, the title passed to the county at a cost of $12,000. Preparations were immediately made for the ereetion of the Alms Honse.2 James McLoughlin contracted for the carpenter's work at $14,600, and William C. White for the mason work at $12,500. The building was completed in 1863, and the first person received as an inmate was Andrew Don- ohoe, August 25, 1863. The building now (1873) has accommo- dation for five hundred inmates. There are in the institution 427 persons, and the cost of maintaining it is $1.714 per inmate, weekly. Up to November 19, 1873, 2,840 persons had been in- mates of the Alms House, whose average age and nationality are as follows :
Total No. of Inmates.
Average age.
Nativity.
Males.
Females.
Ireland.
England Germany.
U. S.
2,840
vrs. m. 30 6
1,154
104
310
1,242
1,700
1,140
1 N. Y. Gazette, July 7, 1729, and May 18, 1730.
? In the olden time the poor were cared for by selling them to the lowest bidder. The following extract will give a clear idea upon this subject : " At 21
-
322
HISTORY OF HUDSON COUNTY.
The contract for the Penitentiary was awarded to Peter Doyle and David Ewling, August 9, 1866, for $83,456. It was com- pleted in 1870, Patrick Warren appointed its first keeper, and Michael Kinney, convicted of breaking and entering and larceny, admitted its first inmate, September 19, 1870. The building has accommodation for 180 persons. On November 19, 1873, ninety- four males and nineteen females were prisoners therein. The following table shows the number of commitments :
PRISONERS COMMITTED TO THE HUDSON COUNTY PENITENTIARY FROM SEPTEMBER 19, 1870, TO NOVEMBER 20, 1873.
Com- mitted.
Com- mitted.
Nativity
Educa- tion.
Occupa-l tion.
Com- mitted by what Court.
Religion.
What Year.
Total
number committed.
Males.
Females.
For the
first time.
Have been in
prison before!
Foreign
born.
In this
country.
Single.
Married.
Read and
write.
tion.
trade.
None.
Sessions.
Police
Courts.
Catholics.
Protestants.
1
1870
25
22 258
3
2
19
13
12
21
4
13
12
25
16
9
1
1871
333
75
177
156
233
100
201 132 170
87
218 191 273
66
95
162
180
187
70
1873
398
310
88
200
198
270
128
257 141
125
131
267
78
320
288
107
3
Total
1,013
786
227
521
492
704
309 |641 372
703
310
£33
680
2551
758
7421
267 4
The Lunatic Asylum was completed in 1873. The first patients were received March 8, 1873. The building has accom- modation for one hundred and forty patients. Since its comple- tion, up to November 19, 1873, one hundred and two patients have been received therein, of whom fifteen have been discharged cured.
75
258
251
81
1
1872
257
196
61
144
113
182
75
115
94
239
No educa-
Have some
Jewe.
New Durham, which up to 1803 was known as the Maisland, lies within this township. In this village is the tavern named " Three Pigeons," a name well known prior to the Revolution.
Here also, near where Maepelah cemetery now is, was the once
Bergen town meeting, December 15th, 1784, at a public Outcry is sold Enoch Earle to the Lowest Bidder for the sum of seven pounds, ten shillings ; the conditions are as follows, the Byer is to find the said Enoch Earle a Good Bed, Washing, Lodging and Victuals and Mending his Close ; the Overseers of the Poor are to find all the New Close and then the said Enoch Earle is to work for the Byer as much as he is able to do until the years End." Until the comple- tion of the present Alms House, the old red building north of the Boonton Branch Railroad was used for that purpose.
323
THE FRENCHMAN'S GARDEN.
celebrated " Frenchman's Garden."1 Concerning this garden I have met with the following poetic and somewhat sonorous ac- counts :
" In a wild and romantic situation on Bergen Creek, nearly op- posite the City of New York, thirty acres of land were purchased for a garden and fruitery by the unfortunate Louis XVI., who as proprietor became a naturalized citizen by act of the Legislature."" This statement of Warden seems to have been based on a notice relating to this garden in the New Jersey Journal, June 27, 1787, in which it is said, " Part of this space is at present enclosing with a stone wall, and a universal collection of exotic, as well as domestic plants, trees and flowers, are already begun to be intro- duced to this elegant spot, which in time must rival, if not excel the most celebrated gardens of Europe. The situation is natu- rally wild and romantie, between two considerable rivers, in view of the main ocean, the city of New York, the heights of Staten Island and a vast extent of distant mountains on the western side of the landscape." As " tall oaks from little acorns grow," so these exaggerated statements had their origin in the following simple fact. On March 3, 1786, André Michaux, in his petition to the Legislature of this State, set forth that the King of France had commissioned him as his botanist to travel through the United States, that he had power to import from France any tree, plant or vegetable that might be wanting in this country, that he wished to establish near Bergen a botanical garden of about thirty acres, to experiment in agriculture and gardening, and which he intended to stoek with French and American plants, as also with plants from all over the world. The Legis- lature granted his petition, and perinitted him as an alien to hold not exceeding two hundred acres of land in this State.
He came to this country fortified with a flattering letter of in- troduction, dated at Vienna, September 3, 1785, from the Mar- quis de La Fayette to Washington.3 He was attached to the
' Winfield s Land Titles. 302.
2 Warden's History of the United States, ii., 53.
"Correspondence of the American Revolution, iv., 116.
324
HISTORY OF HUDSON COUNTY.
Jardin des Plants in Paris. He brought with him the gardener, Paul Saunier, who took the title to the ground bought for the garden. The place was stocked with many plants and trees, among which was the Lombard poplar. From this garden this once celebrated tree was spread abroad through the country and pro- nounced an exotic of priceless value.1
HUDSON CITY.
On the 4th of March, 1852, the territory within this city was taken from the township of North Bergen and incorporated as " The Town of Hudson in the County of Hudson." Certain powers were invested in five supervisors, but for all general pur- poses the place remained a part of the township of North Ber- gen. On the 11th of April, 1855, it was incorporated "The City of Hudson," with powers of government vested in a Mayor and Common Council. The charter was left to the acceptance or rejection of the people. At an election held on the 12th of April, 1855, a majority of 120 votes was cast for the charter. The Mayor and Common Council were sworn into office by Judge ITaines at the court house on the 7th of May. It consolidated with Jersey City in 1870.
Mayors.
Edwin R. V. Wright, 1855.
Garret D. Van Ripen, 1856, '61-8. Edmund T. Carpenter, 1857-8, '60-1.2
Abraham Collerd, 1859. Benjamin F. Sawyer, 1869.
('lerks. Alexander Watson, May, 1855 -Sept., 1855. Thomas Harrison, Sept., 1855 -May, 1856. Charles J. Roe, May, 1856- May, 1870.
Within the bounds of this city, and partly on the southerly end of the new reservoir, and extending easterly, was the Beacon
1 Old New York, 23.
: Died in office in 1861, and was succeeded by Garret D. Van Ripen.
325
BEACON RACE COURSE.
Race Course. It was owned by Cyrus S. Browning, who was here killed by being thrown from his Canadian horse "Hops," November 5, 1845, in a hurdle race. The following list of races over this once popular track will be interesting to " whom it may concern " :
BEACON RACE COURSE.
Ajax, Rattler, May 20. 1844; 3 miles ; dis., 8:02.
Americus, Ripton, to wagon, Sept. 26, 1842 ; 2 miles ; 5:17, 5:20. Dutchman, Ripton, Sept. 21, 1843; 3 miles; 8:04, 8:11, 8:26, 9:40.
" Lady Suffolk, Columbus, June 27. 1844; 3 miles ; 7:524, 8:01.
Amina, Columbus, Doctor (3 dr.), May 9. 1844; 1 mile ; 2:37}, 2:38, 2:37.
Awful. Lady Suffolk, Oct. 8, 1838; 2 miles ; 5:28, 5:213.
Dutchman, to wagon, Oct. 28, 1839 ; 1 mile : 2:414, 2:40, 2:442.
Beppo, Independence, June 25, 1843 ; 1 mile ; 2:321, 2:313, 2:33, 2:38, 2:35.
Billy, Seneca Chief, pacers, July 14, 1841 ; 1 mile ; 2:32.
Brandywine, Vernon Maid, Mingo Princess, June 15, 1841 ; 2 miles : 5:24, 5:24.
Brooklyn Maid, Mingo, Rattler, June 7, 1841 ; 3 miles ; 8:27, 8:24. Snaffle, Don Juan, May 5, 1842 ; 2 miles ; 5:22. Cayuga Chief, Aaron Burr, June 12, 1841; 1 mile ; 2:38, 2:38, 2:46, 2:37.
.. Washington, Americus, June 19, 1844; 1 mile ; 2:353, 2:353, 2:40, 2:42, 2:45.
Celeste, Henry, Americus, Oct. 4, 1839 ; 2 miles ; 5:22, 5:32}, 5:26.
Columbus, Ajax, Oct. 21, 1843 ; 2 miles ; 5:243, 5:32, 5:36. Confidence, Washington, June 10, 1841 ; 2 miles ; 5:24, 5:28. 66 June 28, 1841 ; 1 mile ; 2:35, 2:37, 2:36.
Ripton, Awful, Oct. 4, 1841 ; 2 miles ; 5:13, 5:17. Don Juan, Washington, July 12, 1841 ; 2 miles ; 5:21, 5:39, 5:224.
326
HISTORY OF HUDSON COUNTY.
Duchess, Cayuga Chief, Pleasure Boy, Sept. 19, 1842 ; 2 miles ; 5:153, 5:25, 5:35.
Hector, May 20, 1843 ; 2 miles ; 5:28, 5:22.
Snaffle, Hector, June 15, 1843 ; 2 miles ; 5:263, 5:20.
Lady Suffolk, Oct. 8, 1845 ; 1 mile ; 2:37. 2:353, 2:354, 2:39.
Dutchman, Rattler, Oct. 8, 1838; 3 miles; 7:453, 7:50, 8:02. S:241.
Rattler (dis.), Oct. 15, 1838; 3 miles ; 8.01}.
Lady Suffolk, April 27, 1839; 2 miles ; 5:16, 5:19.
Awful (dis.), JJuly 4, 1839 ; 3 miles ; 7:41.
July 11, 1839 ; 3 miles ; 8:18, 7:59.
66
. July 18, 1839 ; 1 mile ; 2:35, 2:32, 2:35.
against time, Aug. 1, 1839 ; 3 miles ; 7:323.1
66 Awful, Oct. 4, 1839 ; 2 miles ; 5:11, 5:16.
1 This remarkable speed and endurance made Dutchman king of the turf, which position he held for thirty-three years. The following is an account of the race as told by Hiram Woodruff himself, who rode Dutchman, in his valna- ble work on the trotting horse in America :
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