USA > New Jersey > The history of New Jersey : from its earliest settlement to the present time : including a brief historical account of the first discoveries and settlement of the country, Vol. I > Part 23
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Pequann ock, named from the tribe of indians found there, con- tained in 1850, 4,126 inhabitants ; in 1860, 5,438; and in 1870, 1,534. Randolph contained in 1850 2,6 32 inhabitants ; in 1860, 3,173; and in 1870, 5,111. Dover, a thriving post village near the centre of the county, is situated on the Rockaway river and
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on the Morris canal, about seven miles from Morristown. The inhabitants are extensively engaged in iron manufactures. There are several forges, foundries, rolling mills, spike factories and steel furnaces. The Morris and Essex Railroad passes through the place.
Rockaway contained in 1850, 3,139 inhabitants; in 1860, 3,551 ; and in 1870, 6,445. In this township is the famous copperas mountain.
Roxbury contained in 1850 2,269 inhabitants; in 1860, 2,865; and in 1870, 3,320. In this township, as well as the adjoining one, Washington, are the celebrated Schooley's Mountains, a great summer resort for invalids.
Washington adjoins Roxbury on the south. Its population in 1850 was 2,502 ; in 1860, 2,504; and in 1870, 2,484.
Cumberland county was named by Governor Jonathan Belcher, out of respect for the Duke of Cumberland. It was divided from Salem by an act of the assembly in 1747, at which time the boundaries were fixed. Bridgeton, the county town, con- tains three wards, and is located in Bridgeton township. Its population in 1850 was 2,446 ; in 1860, 3,595 ; and in 1870, 6,830. Previous to 1747, it formed a portion of Salem county.
At its formation, it was divided into six townships, since which time Bridgeton, Downe, Landis, and Millville, have been added, making in all ten townships. The population of the county was in 1850, 17,189 ; in 1860, 22,605 ; and in 1870, 34,665. This county formed a portion of Fenwick's tenth. In 1868, Cohansey was merged in Bridgeton.
Deerfield is in the northwestern part of the county, seven ' miles from Bridgeton. The West Jersey Railroad runs through the centre of this township, from north to south. The popula- tion in 1850 was 927 ; in 1860, 1,288 ; and in 1870, 1,518. Downe is in the southern part of the county, on Maurice river cove, and contained in 1850, 2,341 inhabitants; in 1860, 3, 114 ; and in 1870, 3,385. Mauricetown (on Maurice river), Dividing Creek, and Newport, are the principal towns.
Fairfield was settled principally by emigrants, from the town in Connecticut of the same name. Its population in 1850 was
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2, 133 ; in 1860, 2,448 ; and in 1870, 3,011. Cedarville, Gould- town, and Fairton, are post towns in this township.
Greenwich is on the Delaware. Its population in 1850 was 1, 158; in 1860, 1,265; and in 1870, 1,262. Springtown, Greenwich, and Buena Vista, are in this township.
Hopewell contained a population in 1850 of 1,480; in 1860, 1,757; and in 1870, 1,857. Rosetown and Shiloh, are in this township, though part of the latter is in Stoe Creek township.
Landis was created a township in 1864, from the township of Millville. Its population in 1870 was 7,079. The thriving town of Vineland is in this township. It is a place of considerable note, having increased greater in population than any other city in the state.
Maurice river township contained in 1850, a population of 2,245 ; in 1860, 2,430; and in 1870, 2,500. Manumuskin, Port Elizabeth, Belle Plain, and Leesburg, are post towns.
Millville* is divided into three wards. Its population in 1850 was 2,332 ; in 1860, 3,932 ; and in 1870, 6,101. There are several large glass manufactories here.
Stoe Creek contained a population in 1850 of 1,093 ; in 1860, 1,267; and in 1870, 1,122. It forms considerable of the boundary between Salem and Cumberland counties.
Sussex county was named by Governor Jonathan Belcher, after the seat of the Duke of New Castle, in Sussex, England. It was divided from Morris by act of assembly in 1753, and is bounded on the west and northwest by the Delaware, and partly on the south by the Musconetcong, and is drained by Flatkill, Paulinskill, and Pequest rivers. It contains an area of about six hundred square miles. Hopatcong lake is on the southeast border. The surface is undulating and hilly. Its principal mountains are the Ala- muche, Blue, Hamburgh, Pochuck, Wallkill, and Wawayanda. It contains Franklinite (a compound of iron, zinc, and man- ganese), red oxide of zinc, and magnetic iron ore are abundant, and extensively worked. Besides these, the county furnishes a great variety of remarkable and interesting minerals to the min- eralogist. Limestone is also found in the northwest part. This
* So named from its factories or mills.
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county joins New York on the northeast, and Pennsylvania on the west, and is the most northern county in the state. Its population in 1850 was 22,989 ; in 1860, 23,846 ; and in 1870, 23, 168.
Andover contains a population of 1,126. Byram is in the extreme southern part of the county, on Hopatcong lake, and contained in 1850, 1,340 inhabitants; in 1860, 1,202; and in 1870, 1,332. Frankford is near the centre, and contained in 1850, 1,941 inhabitants ; in 1860, 18 28 ; and in 1870, 1,776. Greene contained in 1850, 823 inh abitants ; in 1860, 1,023 ; and in 1870, 868. Hardyston contained in 1850, 1,344 inhabitants ; in 1860, 1,712 ; and in 1870, 1,668.
Hampton contains a population of 1,023. Lafayette, is the most central township in the county, and contained in 1850, 928 inhabitants ; in 1860, 9 19 ; and in 1870, 884. Montague is the most northern township, bordering on New York and Pennsyl- vania. It contained in 1850, 1,010 inhabitants ; in 1860, 983; and in 1870, 932. Newton contains the town of Newton, the seat of justice of the county. It contained in 1850, 3,2 79 inhabi- tants ; in 1860, including the village, 4, 098 ; and in 1870, 2,403. Sandyston, is the most western township , and borders on Penn- sylvania. Its population in 1850, was 1,327; in 1860, 1,480; and in 1870, 1,230. Sparta contained in 1850, a population of 1,919 ; in 1860, 2,062 ; and in 1870, 2,032. The Wallkill moun- tains passes through its centre, from north to south. Stillwater, contained a population in 1850, of 1,742 ; in 1860, 1,816 ; and in 1870, 1,632. In 1853 part of Newton township was added to Greene. In 1864, Newton to Andover, Hampton, and town of Newton.
Vernon is the extreme north-easte rn township. It is extremely mountainous, the Pochuck, Hamburgh, and Wawayanda moun- tains passing through its ent ire length from north to south. Its population in 1850 was 2 ,619 ; in 1860, 2,190; and in 1870, 1,979.
Wallpack is on the western part of the county, and forms the boundary between New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Population in 1850, 783 ; in 1860, 851 ; and in 187 0, 647. This is the smallest township in the county. Wantage is on the north of the county
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between Montague and Vernon. Population in 1850, 3,934; in 1860, 3,862 ; and in 1870, 3,636.
On the 20th of November, 1824, Warren county was formed from Sussex. It comprised all the lower part of the county of Sussex, southwesterly of a line beginning on the Delaware River, at the mouth of Flat Brook, in the township of Wallpack, and running from thence a straight course to the northeast corner of Hardwick Church, and from thence in the same course to the middle of the Musconetcong creek. Population in 1830, 18, 627 ; in 1840, 20,366 ; in 1850, 22,358; in 1860, 28,433 ; and in 1870, 34,336.
Belvidere the county town, contained in 1850, 1,001 inhabi- tants ; in 1860, 1,530 ; and in 1870, 1, 882.
Blairstown township contained in 1850, 1,405 inhabitants; in 1860, 1,542; and in 1870, 1,379.
Allamuchy township was formed from Independence in 1873. Franklin township was formed from Mansfield and Greenwich, and contained in 1850, 1,565 inhabitants ; in 1860, 1,902 ; and in 1870, 1,655. The Pohatkong mountains are in this township, and the Morris canal passes through it. Frelinghuysen contained in 1850, 1,277 inhabitants ; in 1860, 1,297 ; and in 1870, 1, 113. Greenwich contained in 1850, 3,726 inhabitants ; in 1860, 2,541; and in 1870, 2,587. Hackettstown contained in 1860, 1,351 inhabitants, and in 1870 2,202. Hardwick, contained in 1850, 727 inhabitants ; in 1860, 792 ; and in 1870, 638. Harmony con- tained in 1850, 1,565 inhabitants ; in 1860, 1,382 ; and in 1870, 1405. Hope contained in 1850, 1,755 inhabitants; in 1860, 1,789 ; and in 1870, 1,542. The Jenny Jump Mountains extend across this township. Independence contained in 1850, 2,621 inhabitants ; in 1860, 1, 871 ; and in 1870, 1, 766. The Allamuche and Jenny Jump Mountains are in this township. Knowlton, contained in 1850, 1,356 inhabitants; in 1860, 1,557; and in 1870, 1,691. Lopatcong contains 1, 150 inhabitants. Mansfield, contained in 1850, 1,615 inhabitants ; in 1860, 1,688 ; and in 1870, 1,997.
Oxford contai ned in 1850, 1, 718 inhabitants ; in 1860, 2,350; and in 1870, 2,952. The Scott mountain, and the celebrated Oxford Furnace, are in this township. Pahaquarry, is the ex-
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treme northwestern boundary, bordering on the Delaware river, and the state of Pennsylvania. Population in 1850, 460; in 1860, 465 ; and in 1870, 445. This is the smallest township in the county. Phillipsburg is on the Delaware, directly opposite Easton, in Pennsylvania. The city of the same name is divided into three wards. The population in 1860 was 3,741, and in 1870, 5,932.
The population of Washington township in 1850 was 1,567 ; in 1860, 2,634; and in 1870, 2,160.
Atlantic county was erected from the eastern part of the county of Gloucester, February 7th, 1837. The population in 1850 was 8,961 ; in 1860, 11,786 ; and in 1870, 14,093. Atlantic city is situated on Absecon Beach, and contains 1,043 inhabi- tants. Buena Vista is in Buena Vista township, and contains 948 inhabitants. Egg Harbor City is between Galloway and Mullica townships, and contained in 1860, 789 inhabitants, and in 1870 1,3II. It is a thriving German settlement, in which grapes and strawberries are extensively cultivated.
Galloway contained in 1860, 2,735 inhabitants, and in 1870, 2,860. Egg. Harbor is situated on the Great Egg Harbor river, and contained in 1850 2,689 inhabitants, and in 1870 3,585. Hamilton township in 1860 contained a population of 1,945, and in 1870, 1,271. Mays Landing, the capital of the county, is in this township, at the head of navigation on Great Egg Harbor river, about sixty-five miles south of Trenton. It consists of two parts, Mays Landing proper, and Hamilton, about a quarter of a mile up the river, where a dam has been constructed, affording fine water power. Hammonton contains a population of 1,404. Mullica contained in 1850 a population of 2,933 ; in 1860, 1,600 ; and in 1870, 2,265. Weymouth is the most southern township, on the Great Egg Harbor river. The population in 1850 was 1,032 ; in 1860, 823 ; and in 1870, 810. This is now the smallest township in the county, having been curtailed in forming other townships.
Buena Vista township was formed from Hamilton in 1867 ; population 948, and contains the towns of Germantown, Lan - disville, and Buena Vista ; the latter contains 948 inhabitants.
Passaic county was formed from Essex and Bergen counties,
S
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February 7th, 1837. Its population in 1850 was 22,569 ; in 1860, 29,013 ; and in 1870, 46,416.
Acquackanonck in 1850 contained a population of 2,931 ; in 1860, 3,235 ; and in 1870, 4,368. The Morris canal runs through this township. Little Falls contains a population of 1,282.
Manchester contained a population in 1850 of 2,788 ; in 1860, (when the city of Paterson was not included) 842 ; and in 1870, 1, 166. Paterson city is the capitol of the county. It is situated on the right bank of the Passaic river, immediately below the falls. In the extent of its manufactures, it ranks as the second city in the state, and is the third in population. By means of the Morris canal, it communicates with the Atlantic ports and with the Delaware river. By means of the Erie railway, it communicates with the entire west. Paterson is handsomely laid out, and the scenery in the vicinity of the falls is highly picturesque. There are a large number of cotton mills here, as also silk mills, which are situated near the falls, and are the most extensive in the United States. They employ about seven hun- dred hands, and manufacture weekly sixteen hundred pounds of silk. There are also two locomotive manufactories, and several mills for the manufacture of carriages, guns, machinery, paper, and other articles. Paterson was founded in 1791, by an incor- porated company, with a ·capital of one million dollars, the object of which was to manufacture cotton cloth. The move- ment was, however, found to be premature, and was abandoned in 1796. The population in 1840 was 7,596 ; in 1850, 11, 334; in 1860, 19,588 ; and in 1870, 33,579. The city has nine wards.
Pompton contained a population in 1850 of 1,720 ; in 1860, 1,591 ; and in 1870, 1,840. Wayne contained a population in 1850 of 1, 162 ; in 1860, 1,355 ; and in 1870, 1,521. West Milford is the most northerly and westerly township of the coun. ty, and contained in 1850, a population of 2,624; in 1865, 2,402 ; and in 1870, 2,660. The Bear Foot Mountains extends through the western part of the township. Little Falls town- ship was formed from Acquackanonck in 1868, population 1, 282.
Mercer county was erected February 22, 1838, from Hunter- don, Burlington, Somerset, and Middlesex. It was named in
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HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY.
honor of Gen. Hugh Mercer, who fell at the battle of Princeton, January 3, 1777. The population in 1850, was 27,992 ; in 1860, 37,419 ; and in 1870, 46,386. East Windsor contained a popu- lation in 1850, of 2,596; in 1860, 1,913; and in 1870, 2,383. The Borough of Hightstown is in this township, and has a popu - lation of 1,347. The Baptists have here a handsome flourishing educational institute.
Ewing township contained in 1850, 1,480 inhabitants; in 1860, 2,979 ; and in 1870, 2,477. The State Lunatic Asylum is located in this township. Hamilton township, contained in 1850, 2,807 inhabitants ; in 1860, 3,773; and in 1870, 5,417. The Soldier's Children's Home is located in this township. It also contains the thriving borough of Chambersburg. Hope- well contained in 1850, 3,698 inhabitants ; in 1860, 3,900 ; and in 1870, 4,276. At Pennington, in this township, are two Semi- naries of learning, one under the auspices of the New Jersey Conference of the Methodist Church, and the other conducted and owned by Prof. A. P. Lasher, both of which are excellent educational institutions. Lawrence, in 1850, contained a popu- lation of 1,838 ; in 1860, 2,024; and in 1870, 2,251. At the village of Lawrenceville, in this township, are two superior Seminaries of learning, one for males, conducted by the Rev. Samuel M. Hamel, D. D., and the other for females, by the Rev. Charles Nassau, D. D. Millham contained in 1870, 677 inhabitants. Princeton township contained a population in 1850, of 3,021 ; in 1860, 3,726; and in 1870, 3,986. The Borough of Princeton contained in 1870, 2,798 inhabitants. At this place is the College of New Jersey, called Nassau Hall, which was incorporated in 1746, and erected in 1757, also a Theological Seminary, for the education of young men for the ministry. In 1856, Nottingham township was merged in Tren- ton and Hamilton, and in 1859, Washington township was formed from East Windsor.
Trenton the capitol of the State, as well as the seat of justice of the county of Mercer, is beautifully located on the east bank of the Delaware, at the head of tide navigation.
Here is located the State Capitol, built in 1793, enlarged in 1845 and 1865, and again in 1871. The State Prison, State
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HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY.
Arsenal, State Normal and Model schools are also located here. The city has 7 wards. Its population in 1850, was 6,461 ; in 1860, 17,228 ; and in 1870, 22,874. Washington contained in 1860, a population of 1,279 ; and in 1870, 1,294. West Wind- sor, contained a population in 1850, of 1,596; in 1860, 1,497 ; and in 1870, 1,428.
Hudson county was erected from the southeasterly part of Bergen county, February 22, 1840. This is the smallest county in area in the state, containing only 75 square miles, though the second in population, and is therefore more compact than any other in the state. Its population in 1850 was, 21,822 ; in 1860, 62,717 ; and in 1870, 129,067; having more than doubled in ten years. Bayonne City, contains a population of 3,834. Greenville contains a population of 2,789. Harrison in 1850, contained a population of 1,345 ; in 1860, 2,556 ; and in 1870, 2,789. Hoboken contained a population of 2,668 in 1850; in 1860, 9,659 ; and in 1870, 20,297. In the city of Hoboken are the celebrated Elysian Fields, a place of great resort for the denizens of New York City and other places, being opposite to that city, and about two miles north of Jersey City. It has ex- tensive establishments for the construction of steamers. Several steam ferries connect it with New York city. The scenery in the vicinity of the Elysian Fields is delightful, and it is one of the most pleasant spots that can be conceived for the denizens of a crowded city.
It is divided into four wards, and has more than doubled in population in ten years. This place was the residence of Edwin A. Stevens, Esq., a wealthy citizen, who projected and built the celebrated steam vessel known as Stevens' Battery. This battery cost Mr. Stevens about two million dollars, and was not com- pleted at the time he was removed by death, he however, made ample provision for his executors to complete the same, and pre- sent it to the state. The executors in connection with governor Randolph, appointed Major General Ceorge B. McClellan, and Captain Newton of New York, two of the most celebrated en- gineers of the country to complete it, in accordance with the will of Mr. Stevens, by which the highest intelligence and skill was procured to accomplish the object. On the 22d of March
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1869, Governor Theodore Randolph, set the above facts forth, in a special message to the legislature, and used the following appropriate language : "A donation of such a magnificent character from a private citizen whose name and reputation have been connected with almost every important public enterprise in the state, and whose skill, industry and ingenuity have given an especial usefulness to unusual wealth, should receive from the legislature a recognition fitted to the reputation of the donor and the munificence of the gift.
"Agreeing with the executors as to the propriety of naming some persons who shall be authorized to confer, as to the proba- ble disposition of the ship, and as to the details of her comple- tion, I will be glad to put myself in communication with the executors as to the persons most acceptable to them and benefi- cial to the state, not exceeding three in number, as I would recommend.
" I would suggest that the persons thus appointed by the state be authorized to fully confer and advise with the executors as to . the mode of completing the Battery, and with the concurrence of this department enter upon such negotiations as to its ultimate disposition as they may deem proper and the legislature here- after sanction."
On the Ist of April, 1869, in accordance with the above mes- sage the legislature passed a joint resolution accepting the ves- sel when the same should be finished pursuant to the will, and . authorizing the governor to appoint three suitable persons as commissioners to hold their offices until said battery shall be finished. These commissioners together with the governor, were empowered by majority vote, to determine to what use the said vessel should be devoted, to inform the executors of such determination, to advise with them as to the details of the completion of the same, and to negotiate for the disposition of said vessel when finished and delivered to the state. The governor and commissioners were annually, or oftener if re- quired, to report to the legislature their proceedings under the resolution. and no contract or agreement for the sale or final dis- position of the same was to be valid, until reported to, and rati- fied by the legislature. The executors of Mr. Stevens were, W. W. Shippen, S. B. Donald, and M. B. Stevens.
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March 21st, 1871, the legislature passed a joint resolution aud tho rizing the commissioners to sell for the largest sum that coul- be obtained, the interest of the state in said Stevens' Battery, with the consent of the governor and chief justice of the state.
Jersey City is divided into sixteen wards, and contained in 1850, a population of 6,856 ; in 1860, 29,226; and in 1870, 82,546, The population of this city has increased with wonder. ful rapidity, having more than trebled within the last decade.
On the 2d of April, 1869, the legislature passed an act con- solidating the cities of Jersey City, Hudson City, Hoboken, Bergen, the town of Union, and the townships of North Bergen, Union, West Hoboken, Greenville, Bayonne, and Weehawken and part of the township of Kearney, into one city, to be called the City of Jersey City, subject however to a ratification by the people at an election to be held in each place, on the first Tues- day of October of that year. At the election held pursuant to that act, Jersey City, Hudson City and Bergen, voted in favor, and by the act approved March 17th, 1870, the consolidation was perfected. At the election held in 1872, the township of Greenville voted to come in, and in 1873, an act was passed to that effect. North Bergen in 1850 contained a population of 3,578; in 1860, 6,335; and in 1870, 3,032. The town of Union contains a population of 4,640. Union township con- tains a population of 6,737. Weehawken contained a population in 1860, of 280 ; and in 1870, 597. West Hoboken contains a population of 4,132. Weehawken township was formed from Hoboken and North Bergen, in 1859 ; Bayonne from North Bergen, and West Hoboken, from North Bergen, in 1861 ; Greenville from Bergen in 1863 ; Kearney from Harrison, and Union from North Bergen, in 1867.
Camden county was erected from Gloucester, March 13th, 1844, and contained in 1850, 25,422 inhabitants ; in 1860, 34,457 ; and in 1870, 46,193. The city of Camden contained in 1850, 9,479 inhabitants ; in 1860, 14,358; and in 1870, 20,045. This city is divided into eight wards.
Center township contained in 1860 1,305 inhabitants, and in 1870, 1,718. Delaware in 1850, contained 2,577 inhabitants ; in 1860, 1,602 ; and in 1870, 1,625. Gloucester city contained
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HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY.
a population in 1850, of 2,188 ; in 1860, 2,320 ; and in 1870, 3,682.
Gloucester township had a population in 1850, of 2,371; in 1860, 2,320 ; and in 1870, 2,710. Haddon contained a popu- lation in 1870 of 1,926. Haddonfield contained a population in 1870 of 1,075.
Monroe contained in 1860 a population of 1,417, and in 1870 1,663. Washington contained in 1850, a population of 2, 114; in 1860, 1,307; and in 1870, 1,567. These two townships were set off from Camden county and annexed to Gloucester, Febru. ary 28th, 1871.
Newton contained a population in 1850, of 14,087; in 1860, 18,413 ; these included Camden city, but in 1870, the township, exclusive of the city, contained a population of 8,437.
Stockton contained in 1860 a population of 1,473, and in 1870 2,381. Merchantville contained in 1870, 245 inhabitants.
Waterford contained in 1850, 1,638 inhabitants ; in IS60, 1,955 ; and in 1870, 2,071.
Winslow contained in 1850, 1,540 inhabitants; in 1860, 1,850; and in 1870, 2,050.
Stockton was set off from Delaware in 1859, the same year Monroe was set off from Washington, and parts of Gloucester and Winslow were annexed to Waterford. Center was formed from Union in 1855 ; Haddon from Newton in 1865. In 1866, Union was merged into Center, and in 1871, part of Newton was annexed to Haddon.
The surface of Camden county is mostly level. The soil in the east part is sandy, and in the west it is a fertile loam, pro- ducing great quantities of fruit and vegetables for the Philadel- phia markets. Marl is abundant in most parts of the county. The inhabitants in the eastern part are principally engaged in the manufacture of iron and glass.
Camden city, the seat of justice of the county, is situated on the left bank of the Delaware river, immediately opposite Phil- adelphia, with which it is connected by means of steam ferries. It is the western termination of the Amboy division of the Pennsylvania ; also the Camden and Atlantic, and West Jersey Railroads. The city is regularly laid out, with streets intersecting each other at right angles, and contains many handsome dwellings.
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HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY.
Ocean county was erected February 15, 1850, from the south- ern townships of Monmouth county, including Plumstead, Jack- son, Dover, Union, Stafford, and about one third of Howell township ; population in 1850, 10,032 ; in 1860, 11, 176 ; and in 1870, 13,628. Brick township contained in 1850, 1,558 inhabi- tants ; in 1860, 1,385 ; and in 1870, 2,724. Dover contained in 1850, 2,385 inhabitants; in 1860, 2,378; and in 1870, 3,044. . Toms River,* the seat of justice of the county is located on the river of the same name, at the head of navigation, about forty miles from Trenton. Jackson is in the northern part of the county, and contained in 1850, 1,333 inhabitants; in 1860, 1,606 ; and in 1870, 1,755. Manchester contained in 1870, 1,103 inhabitants. Plumstead contained in 1850, 1,613 inhabi- tants ; in 1860, 2,003; and in 1870, 1,566. Stafford contained in 1850, 1,384; in 1860, 1,436 ; and in 1870, 1,514 inhabitants. Union contained 1850, 1,759 inhabitants ; in 1860, 1,918; and in 1870, 1,923. Mannahawkinsville contained in 1870, 689 in- habitants. Manchaster was formed from Dover in 1865; and Eatontown township from Ocean and Shrewsbury in 1873.
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