USA > New Jersey > The history of New Jersey : from its earliest settlement to the present time : including a brief historical account of the first discoveries and settlement of the country, Vol. II > Part 28
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CHAPTER XXXII.
1834-1876.
Education continued-Lawrenceville Female Seminary- Penning- ton Seminary-St. Benedict's College-Bordentown Female Institute-Young Ladies' Seminary at Hightstown-Penning- ton Institute-Neshanic Institute-German Theological School -Peddie Institute-Centenary Collegiate Institute-Newton Collegiate Institute-Newark Latin School-Trenton Business College-New Jersey Business College-Gregory's Practical Business College-Bryant and Stratton Business College-Busi- · ness College and Jefferson Park Academy.
T HE Lawrenceville Female Seminary was founded in 1834, and has, until recently, been under the care of Rev. C. W. Nassau, D.D., for the last twenty-three years.
To those completing the Seminary course with credit, both as to scholarship and deportment, a Diploma, certifying the same, is given after their final examination.
The officers and Instructors are : Rev. R. Hamil Davis, Ph.D., Principal ; Mrs. Adelia T. Davis ; Miss Hattie A. Hill, Teacher of Drawing, Painting, and the English Branches; Miss Sarah Shumway, Teacher of Instrumental and Vocal Music, and French; Professor Gustavus Wagner, Teacher of German ; Mrs. Mary Hutchinson, Matron.
The last catalogue shows thirty-seven scholars, and over five hundred since the opening of the school.
The Pennington Seminary and Female Collegiate Institute was organized in 1841, and on the 20th of May, 1853, the insti- tution began its career as a school for both sexes.
It is under the immediate control of the New Jersey Confer- ence of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
The Faculty are: Thomas Hanlon, D.D., President, and Teacher of Mental and Moral Science; Rev. J. Embury Price, Vice-President, Higher Mathematics; C. T. Dunning, Greek and Latin; C. E. Dudrear, Natural Science and German ; C. S.
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Conwell, Commercial Department and English ; G. G. Cook- man, Oratory, Rhetoric, and Belles-Lettres ; Miss Mary Hanlon, Preceptress, Teacher of French; A. Foster Post, Director and Composer of Music; Miss Laura J. Hanlon, M.E.L., Vocal and Instrumental Music, Ladies' Calisthenics ; Mrs. Annie M. Dun- gan, Ornamental Branches; George W. Servis, Librarian ; Miss Lizzie Mullikin, Matron.
The Bordentown Female College was established as a Semi- nary for the education of young ladies in April 1851, and char- tered by the Legislature as a female college in February, 1853, and continues to enjoy a high degree of prosperity, such as has characterized its entire history.
The location of the institution is most favorable, both as it regards beauty of scenery (an item of no small amount in an in- stitution of learning), healthfulness, and ease with which it is reached from all sections of the country. Situated on the bluff which overlooks the Delaware, about sixty feet above the river, it commands a most beautiful view of the grounds of the late Joseph Bonaparte, Trenton, Penn's Manor, and the surrounding country.
The course of study embraces all those branches which are essential to a thorough education.
The Faculty are : Rev. William C. Bowen, A.M., President, Greek, Natural and Moral Science ; Chester B. Wingate, Piano, Organ and Vocalization ; Henry J. Rice, B.S., Lecturer on Natural Science; Mrs. Gertrude S. Bowen, Preceptress, Mental Science, and Belles-Lettres ; Miss Julia P. Gillette, A.B., French and Mathematics ; Miss Edith Warner, M.L.A., Latin, German, and Botany ; Miss Lizzie Brewer, Art Studies ; Miss Una Hemp- stead and Miss Emma J. Shoecraft, M.L.A., Assistants in Music ; Miss Julia P. Gillette, Registrar and Secretary of Faculty.
The Young Ladies' Seminary, at Hightstown, was founded by Dr. John McCluskey in 1864 as a Day School, and in 1870 as as a Boarding School.
The school is divided into Preparatory, Intermediate, Aca- demic, and Classical Departments.
The number of pupils now in attendance is about fifty, and the boarders are limited to eighteen.
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The Instructors are : Rev. William M. Wells, A.M, Graduate of College and Seminary, Princeton, Ancient Languages, Sci- ences, English Literature, and German ; Miss Addie L. Baldwin, Graduate Young Ladies' Seminary, Terre Haute, Indiana, French and English Branches; Miss Julia Bartleson, Graduate Young Ladies' Seminary, Freehold, Music, Drawing, and Paint- ing ; Miss Alice Morris, Assistant in Preparatory and Interme- diate Departments.
The New Jersey Collegiate Institute, of Bordentown, was established February 25, 1868, and has been in successful opera- tion since that time.
The grounds of the Institute contain about five acres, and are part and parcel of the estate of the late Joseph Bonaparte; they are retired, and constitute a most magnificent park, nature dis- posing their surface into hill, valley, and plain, and decorating them with a lavish hand. They are threaded with two rapid, silvery streams, whose shelving sides are lined with a most beau- tiful growth of mountain laurel evergreen. The part in front of · the building is tastefully laid out in flower and shrub parterres ; the other part studded with great umbrageous forest trees of dif- ferent kinds, thus affording a most delightful retreat for students.
The institution is designed to be one of high order, affording tostudents, both male and female, superior advantages in the acquirement of a useful and polite education-an education ex- tensive and thorough. Edgar Haas, A.M., Principal.
The total number of students in attendance since the opening of the Institute in 1868, was one hundred and seventy-two, average yearly attendance about ninety.
The Pennington Institute was established September 14, 1844, through the earnest solicitations of the ministers and members of the Methodist Episcopal Church in New Jersey, and recom- mended and patronized by the Conference nearly eight years. Joseph Bunn was the first Proprietor.
Some years since the present Proprietor established a Male Department, and accepts only such boys and young gentlemen as are willing to be governed by rules based upon justice and right.
The Institute is now patronized by members of the Method-
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ist, Presbyterian, Episcopalian, Dutch Reformed, Baptist and Friends.
No sectarian principles are taught in the Institute, all being governed in their religious opinions by the great doctrines and precepts of the Holy Bible.
There are at present in the Institute twenty-eight ladies and one hundred and four gentlemen, making a total of one hundred and thirty-two students. Rev. A. P. Lasher, Principal.
The Neshanic Institute, at Neshanic, Somerset County, was established in 1869, and is therefore yet in its infancy.
The school is designed to be rather a private and select one, hence but a small number of students are admitted.
Rev. P. D. Oakey, the Principal, employs two competent teachers as assistants, who devote their whole time and energies to the school.
The German Theological School of Newark, is a Presbyterian Theological School, founded by the Presbytery of Newark. It was organized in 1869, and its charter was granted by the Legis- lature, February 2d, 1871.
The object of the institution is the education of young Ger- mans for the Gospel ministry among their own countrymen in America.
The Faculty of the institution elected and inaugurated during the present academic year, are : Rev. Charles E. Knox, Presi- dent, and Professor of Homiletics, Church Government, and Pastoral Theology; Rev. George C. Seibert, Ph. D., Professor of Biblical Exegesis and Theology ; Henry Weber, Instructor in Hebrew and in Academic Studies; William A. Stamm, Instructor in Academic Department.
The Peddie Institute, of Hightstown, is located very near the geographical centre of the State, equidistant from New York and Philadelphia, on the Camden and Amboy Division of. the Pennsylvania Railroad, and having close connection with the New Jersey Road at Monmouth Junction and Bordentown. It is therefore brought into easy communication with all the prin- cipal towns and cities in New Jersey. Fortunate in its surround- ings, it commands a magnificent view of forest, stream, and cultivated fields ; while for salubrity of climate and healthfulness of location, it is unsurpassed by any locality in the State.
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The Board of instruction are: Rev. E. P. Bond, President, Ancient Languages and Mental Science ; John B. Hendrick, A. B., Mathematics and English Studies ; Miss Carrie E. Vassar, French and English Literature ; Miss Margaret P. Smith, Latin and English Studies ; Miss Mary E. Smith, Teacher of Music ; Miss Rosa V. Murden, Teacher of Primary Department ; S. G. Peabody, Elocutionist ; E. J. Avery, A.M., Steward ; Mrs Maria Avery, Matron.
The Centenary Collegiate Institute of the Newark Conference is located within eight minutes' walk from the railroad depot at Hackettstown, in the county of Warren. The site of the Insti- tute comprises ten acres of land situated on an eminence over- looking the entire village of Hackettstown, and commanding an extensive view of the lovely valley of the Musconetcong, and the Schooley's Mountain range beyond The grounds are graded, and planted with the most extensive variety of orna- mental trees and shrubbery to be found in this part of the State. The village is about fifty miles from New York city, and twenty- four miles from Easton, Pennsylvania, on the Morris and Essex Railroad.
The Faculty are : Rev. George H. Whitney, D.D., President, Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy; Rev. Henry C. Whiting, Ph.D, Ancient Languages ; L. H. Batchelder, A.M., Chemistry and Mathematics ; Clarence A. Waldo, A. B., Natural Science and Latin ; Edward A. Whitney, Commercial Depart- ment and Librarian ; Professor Charles Grobe, Musical Director ; Miss M. A. Wragge, Preceptress, Belles-Lettres and French; Miss Anna Nicholl, M.L.A., History, Painting, and Drawing ; Miss Fanny Gulick, M.L.A., English Literature and German ; Miss Stella Waldo, and Miss Alice Tuttle, Piano and Organ ; Mrs. E. G. Munn, Matron.
In 1849 the friends of education resolved to establish an Academy in Newton. In 1852 it went into successful operation as a Day School, with the title of Newton Presbyterian Academy. In 1856 the name was changed, by an act of the Legislature, to Newton Collegiate Institute. For many years it was under the care of Newton Presbytery. In 1870, by an act of the Legisla- ture, it was divested of its denominational character, and is now a Union School for the people.
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The Faculty are : S. S. Stevens, A. M., Professor of Rhetoric, Moral and Intellectual Philosophy, and Sciences ; D. A. Ander- son, A.M., Latin and Greek Languages and Literature ; C. O. Dersheimer, A.B., Greek, Mathematics and Chemistry ; L. A. Burrell, A.B., Greek, Mathematics and Sciences ; W. H. McIl- haney, Assistant in Mathematics ; F. A. M. Burrell, Teacher of Telegraphy ; H. J. Rudd, Vocal Music; Miss S. L. Fairchild, Music, Modern Languages, Drawing and Painting ; Miss E. Y. Speakman, Piano, Penmanship, Elocution and English ; Miss V. A. Bartlett, Botany, Physiology and Grammar ; Miss M. I. Ste- vens, Assistant in English, French, Drawing and Painting ; Miss Annie M. Smith, Teacher of Primary Department.
The Newark Latin School entered on its eighth year in Sep- tember, 1877. Preparation for College is the main object of the School. The course extends through six years.
The Principal is Martin Bahler, A.M. It is located at 927 Broad street, Newark, New Jersey.
In the matter of professional or technical schools New Jersey has kept pace with her sister States, and has made good her claim to intelligent educational progress. What Princeton and Rut- gers are doing in the way of general culture, the Business Col- leges of the State, especially those located at Trenton and New- ark, are doing in the special department of training for commer- cial pursuits. Business Colleges in their highest individual character are peculiarly American ; and the Business Colleges of this country during the past thirty-four years have done not a little to bring our higher institutions of learning to a sense of their responsibility in fitting their students for the real duties of life. The most notable enterprise in this direction, and the only one holding a national position from the extent of its con- nections and the perfection of its co-working plans, is the Inter- national Business College Association, composed of separate institutions in nearly every large commercial city of this country and Canada. . This association grew out of the enterprise of Messrs. Bryant and Stratton, who in 1853 established a College in Cleveland, and during the next ten years extended their labors into different parts of the country, locating schools in no less than forty cities, making a chain of cooperating institutions
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extending from New Orleans to San Francisco in the South and West, to Quebec and Boston in the North and East. The col- leges at Trenton and Newark were links in this original chain, and afterwards united on a more independent basis with many of the former colleges of this connection under the name of the "International Business College Association." This asso- . ciation now comprises thirty-eight institutions which, acting separately and independently (except in matters of general interest, and in the more important matter of intercommunica- tion, whereby the surest tests of the students' proficiency are secured), bring to bear in their individual work the best results of the combined wisdom and experience of the best teachers in
the country. The great advancement which through these instrumentalities has been made in business education has placed these institutions in the direct line of educational progress, and commended them to the regard and confidence of the commu- nity. To such an extent is this true that there are no schools anywhere receiving more generous and steady patronage, and · none whose influence is more positive and perceptible in all the channels of active American life ; and the prejudices and well- founded objections resulting from their earlier imperfections and pretensions have gradually subsided as they have more and more shown an appreciation of their legitimate work and addressed themselves conscientiously to its achievement ; so that to-day one can no more speak of the educational interests of the coun- try and omit this special line of effort, than he could omit from such statement technical schools of any kind. In order to give a general idea of the scope and purpose of Business Colleges, we extract from an educational report at hand the following brief recital :
"The Science of Book-keeping lies at the bottom of the course of study and gradation ; but this statement is liable to be misun- derstood unless one knows what is meant by the Science of Book- keeping. Book-keeping is something more than an art or a system. . It is as purely a science as is Arithmetic, or Algebra, or Geometry ; and its peculiar character, as the conservator of all the financial interests and intricacies which come from the dealings of men with each other, makes it at once one of the
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most interesting and expansive of sciences. A good book-keeper must necessarily be clear-headed and logical. He must have a well-trained judicial mind, capable of taking into account the most diverse interests and considerations, and of bringing the exact truth out of the most chaotic jumble of facts. The great financiers of the world are simply and only, in the broadest sense, book-keepers or accountants. The entire Civil Service affairs of our Government, from that of Secretary of the Treasury to the clerk of the lowest grade in any of the departments, has its chief strength and virtue in that knowledge of business affairs which comes properly under the head of accountantship. The Board of Arbitration which sat at Geneva, having in hand the vital interests of the two most powerful nations of the earth was, or should have been, composed of accountants; and every con- sideration and decision thereof was based entirely upon that knowledge which comes under the head of Book-keeping. The collateral branches which are made to keep pace with the study of Accounts, and which supplement and make available its lessons, are Arithmetic, Commercial Law, Penmanship, Correspondence -embracing practical Grammar-Political Economy, and the : Science of Government, and in addition to these the modern languages-especially French and German. These branches are taught consecutively, by class recitations, lectures, etc. ; the purpose being to make the progress of the student real and sym- metrical, so that, whether he remains a longer or a shorter time, he will have acquired that knowledge, and received that mental training which will be the most useful to him in his contact with the world ; and in everything he may learn theoretically, he has sufficient practice to fasten its lessons and make them available."
The Trenton Business College and Practical Training School was established at Temperance Hall, Trenton, New Jersey, in October, 1865.
Its founders were Messrs. Bryant, Stratton and Whitney, and the institution a branch of the Bryant and Stratton chain of Business Colleges, numbering at that time forty-eight colleges, located in the principal cities of the United States and Canadas.
The College was in charge of J. S. Chamberlain, Esq., as Resident Principal, with two assistant teachers, and Caldwell K.
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Hall as Lecturer on Commercial Law. Mr. Chamberlain con- ducted the Institution till April, 1866, when he was superseded by Mr. G. A. Gaskell, who continued in charge only two months, and was superseded by Mr. A. J. Rider, of the Chicago College.
August Ist, 1866, a change was made in the proprietorship, Mr. Whitney's interest being transferred to Mr. J. A. Beecher, who took immediate charge of the Institution.
In October, 1866, the College was removed from Temperance Hall to its present location, Wilkinson's building, Nos. 20 and 22 East State street. In the same month C. K. Hall, Esq., resigned his position as Lecturer on Commercial Law, and was succeeded by Judge Alfred Reed.
February Ist, 1868, Mr. A. J. Rider purchased a one-half interest in the Institution, and the business of the College was conducted under the firm name of Beecher & Rider.
In 1869 Mr. Beecher retired from the faculty and engaged in other business, retaining, however, his half-ownership. This left the Colleges again in charge of Mr. Rider. Soon after this · the building occupied underwent a thorough overhauling and remodeling, and additional furniture and apparatus were added to make the instruction in all departments thorough and practi- cal. The number of lecturers and teachers was increased to five. The attendance of students this year was increased to nearly double what it had been any previous year since the founding of the College.
In June, 1870, this College was admitted to the International Business College Association (an organization which grew out of the Bryant and Stratton chain, soon after the decease of Mr. . Stratton), then in convention in the city of Boston. In the annual report of this organization the Trenton College stands among the first in point of excellence as to management and progressive course of instruction.
November 25th, 1870, Mr. William B. Allen purchased the half interest of Mr. Beecher, and the business was conducted . under the firm name of Rider & Allen until August 1, IS73, when Mr. Allen purchased the interest owned by Mr. Rider, and became sole proprietor.
A Telegraph Department has recently been added, with facili-
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ties for turning out practical operators unsurpassed and perhaps unequaled by those of any institution in the country.
As an Institution for practical education there are none that stand higher than this College. Its reputation extends over the whole country, also to some extent abroad. Among its students are representatives of nearly every State in the Union, the British Provinces, Cuba, and Japan.
The institution is ably managed, and its growth in public favor and patronage is marked from year to year.
In 1876 the name was changed to Capitol City Commercial College. The Faculty are : William B. Allen, Principal, with Thomas J. Stewart and W. B. Kirkbride as Teachers.
The New Jersey Business College was founded by its present proprietors, C. T. Miller and G. A. Stockwell, in the fall of 1873, and has been eminently successful. During the time elapsing since then, over five hundred pupils have been trained for business.
The Faculty are: C. T. Miller, Principal of Book-keeping Department ; G. A. Stockwell, Principal of Penmanship De- partment ; William M. Bedford, Assistant Teacher in Book-keep- ing ; James W. Dalrymple, Assistant Teacher in Evening Depart- ment ; J. Frank Fort, Lecturer on Commercial Law; A. J. Armstrong, Teacher of Phonography; H. Von Der Heide, Teacher of German.
Gregory's Practical Business College is located at 719 Broad street, Newark, New Jersey. Like other Business Colleges, it imparts a thorough knowledge of Book-keeping, Penmanship, Arithmetic, Practical and Mental, Commercial Law, English Grammar, Business Correspondence, German, Spelling, etc., with French, Phonography, Telegraphy, Physiology, Natural Philosophy, and Drawing.
It has a separate department for ladies.
The Faculty are : W. P. Gregory, Principal, Lecturer on the Science and Practice of Accounts and Commercial Law ; A. A. Clark, Professor of Penmanship; H. Y. Stoner, Assistant in Penmanship; W. A. Evans, in charge of English Department ; D. H. Kenaga, Teacher of Phonography; Gustavus Fischer, A.M., Professor of German and French.
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The Bryant and Stratton Business College has entered upon its fifteenth year, and is the parent of the colleges in this State. It is located at the corner of Broad and Mechanic streets, New- ark, New Jersey.
A. B. Clark is Principal and Proprietor ; F. Schofield, Pro- fessor of Penmanship; Samuel Hutchings, Business Mathematics; W. G. Fischer, A.M., German; Isaac M. See, Lecturer on Business Ethics ; J. P. Damasceno, Mechanical, Geometrical, and Architectural Drawing ; Theodore F. Crane, Phonography.
The Elizabeth Business College was established in 1872, and combined with the Jefferson Park Academy in 1873. The con- solidated institution was incorporated in 1874. It occupies spacious buildings and grounds on the corner of Jefferson and Magnolia avenues, in the centre of the city. The Principal, James H. Lansley, Ph. D., is an educator of twenty years' expe- rience, and with a corps of eight assistants has built up a flourish- · ing school of about seventy-five students of both sexes. The College affords a thorough course in the business and practical branches, and particularly in Penmanship stands unrivaled. At the New Jersey State Fair, held at Waverly, September, 1877, the Society's Grand Silver Medal was awarded to this College over all competitors. The Academy has a boarding department, and offers facilities for all the liberal branches usually found in similar institutions of learning.
Besides our admirable free schools, there are in our State three hundred and thirty-eight private schools, the principal ones of which only have been mentioned, as it would be tiresome and would not interest the general reader to go into a history of all.
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CHAPTER XXXIII.
1676-1876.
Roads, travelling, etc .- First Post-offices-First Railroad char- tered in America-New Jersey Railroad-Morris and Essex- First Canal-Delaware and Raritan Canal-Camden and Amboy Railroad-Central-Raritan and Delaware Bay- Camden and Atlantic-Warren-West Jersey-Cape May and Millville-Rocky Hill, etc., etc.
PREVIOUS to 1675 and 1676, at which time the Legislature adopted some general regulations for the opening of roads, the only road laid out by the Europeans within the limits of New Jersey appears to have been that by which the Dutch at New Amsterdam communicated with the settlements on the Delaware. It ran from Elizabethtown Point, or its neighbor- hood, to where New Brunswick now stands, and was probably the same as that (now widened and improved) known as the "old road," between those places.
At New Brunswick the river was forded at low water, and the road thence ran almost in a straight line to the Delaware (above Trenton), which was also forded. This was called the "upper road," to distinguish it from the " lower road" which branched off about five or six miles from the Raritan, took a sweep toward the east, and arrived at the site of the present city of Burlington. These roads, however, were very little more than foot-paths, and so continued for many years, affording facilities to horsemen and pedestrians principally.
Even as late as 1816, when a ferry had been established at New Brunswick for twenty years, provision was only made in the rates allowed by the Assembly, for "horse and man," and "single person." Previous to that time, however, the road had been improved, and was considered the main thoroughfare to Pennsylvania. In 1695 the innkeepers at Piscataway, Wood- bridge, and Elizabethtown were made subject to taxation for
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