Genealogical and family history of central New York : a record of the achievements of her people in the making of a commonwealth and the building of a nation, Volume III, Part 1

Author: Cutter, William Richard, 1847-1918
Publication date: 1912
Publisher: New York : Lewis Historical Pub. Co.
Number of Pages: 592

USA > New York > Genealogical and family history of central New York : a record of the achievements of her people in the making of a commonwealth and the building of a nation, Volume III > Part 1

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org.

1800

Class

Book

GENEALOGICAL

AND

FAMILY HISTORY

CENTRAL NEW YORK

A RECORD OF THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF HER PEOPLE IN THE MAKING OF A COMMONWEALTH AND THE BUILDING OF A NATION

COMPILED UNDER THE EDITORIAL SUPERVISION OF

WILLIAM RICHARD CUTTER, A. M.

CORRESPONDING SECRETARY AND HISTORIAN OF NEW ENGLAND HISTORIC-GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY; LIBRARIAN EMERITUS OF WOBURN PUBLIC LIBRARY; AUTHOR OF "CUTTER FAMILY." "HISTORY OF ARLINGTON." ETC., ETC.

VOLUME III

ILLUSTRATED

NEW YORK LEWIS HISTORICAL PUBLISHING COMPANY

1912

NEW YORK

SHERMAN (I) Thomas Sherman, of Suf- folk, England, died March 16, 1564.

(II) Henry, son of Thomas Sherman, born in 1520, married Agnes Butler.

(III) Henry (2), son of Henry ( 1) Sher- man, died 1610; married Susan Hills.

(IV) Samuel, son of Henry (2) Sherman, born 1573, married Phillis Ward.

(V) Philip, son of Samuel Sherman, canie from England in 1633, settling in Roxbury, Massachusetts, afterward moving to Rhode Island. He left the Congregational church and united with the Society of Friends. He died 1686. He was called the Hon. Phillip Sherman. He married Sarah Odding.

(VI) John, son of Phillip Sherman, mar- ried Sarah Spooner.

(VII) Phillip (2), son of John Sherman, born 1676, died 1740; married Hannah Wil- cox.

(VIII ) Jacob, son of Phillip (2) Sherman, born April 9, 1708; married August 29, 1729, Mary Ellis.

(IX) Zurviah, daughter of Jacob Sher- man, married Ebenezer Cushman.

(X) Jedida, daughter of Ebenezer Cush- man, became the wife of Caleb Gifford (see Gifford IV).

(The Cornell Line).

(I) Matthew Cornell, born November 11. 1745. The place of his birth is not known. At the age of twenty-nine or thirty and at the commencement of the revolutionary war his family was living at Ponegansett, Bristol county, Massachusetts. He was a seafaring man and captain of a whaler, was captured by a British cruiser in 1776 or 1777, and confined on board a British prison ship lying in the harbor of New York. After suffering everything but death from hunger and malaria (and history says 12,000 prisoners died in these horrible prison ships), he was released in 1778 or 1779. and after recovering from the effects of imprisonment, he lived a short

time in Ponegansett, whence he emigrated with his wife and one or two children to Eas- ton, Washington county, about the year 1780. After a residence of about nine years in Eas- ton he moved to Cambridge and settled on the farm ( 1870) now owned by Gerritt Fort, where he acquired a respectable property, and reared a family of seven children, and departed this life March 4, 1807, in his sixty- third year. He had one brother who died in Easton, the father of Walter Latham, Wan- ton, etc. His wife's parents, Daniel and Amy Shrieve left seven children, Daniel, Abigail, Mary, Elizabeth, Christopher, Ruth and God- frey. Elizabeth was the wife of Matthew Cornell. They both embraced the Quaker faith, and their remains rest in the Quaker burying ground in Easton, Washington county, New York.

He married Elizabeth Shrieve, born No- vember 23, 1750, died April 9, 1829. They were married about the year 1774. Children : Amy, born December 11, 1774, died Septem- ber 16, 1814; Elizabeth, February 19, 1778. died July 6, 1806; John, June 24, 1780, died May 15. 1839; Walter, August 24, 1782, died March 4, 1833; Hannah, September 10, 1784. died August 15, 1821 ; Matthew, March 22, 1787, died January 29, 1854; George, Sep- tember 13, 1790; Millicent, June 28, 1792, (lied July 30, 1886; married, May 26, 1810, Gideon Gifford (see Gifford VI).

A very interesting and valuable document which is in the possession of Mrs. Alice (Gif- ford) Ilayward is a legal manifesto signed July 19, 1776, by her great grandfather, Mat- thew Cornell, and by the governor of the Island of St. Eustatia :

St. Eustatia,

July 19, 1776.

Be it known to all Whom this may Concern that we Matthew Cornell and George Whippy late Masters of the Ship Jacob (?) and Brig. George Who Arrived at this Island on the 20th day of June 1776 from a Whaling Voyage, which our protest more fuley Explains we the Depon- ants Maketh Oath and Solemnly Deposeth that we waited with great Expectations of hearing

1120

1130

NEW YORK

from our owners before we offred our Vessles and Cargoes for sale which we did not do Until th 29th Day of June 1776 that on that day his Britamuck Magestys ship of Warr the Pomona Cap Eastwood which then lay at harbor in the Road. Wrote to his honor the Govournor of this Island and made a Demand of our Vessels and Cargoes, also that of - and some Phil- adelphia Vessels at Anchor in the Road. as being the property of people in Rebellion (being the by the S. Capt. Eastwood) his Re- quest was denied however we were advised by all Means to Unbend our Sails and Land our Cargoes, which we did without delay, and further it was the opinion of most people here, we ought for the Interest of our owners to Sell our Vessels and Cargoes and that from the Critical Circum- stances of the Unhappy affair between Great Britain and the Colonies and the Actual risk of being made prisoners of it if we attempted to move out of the Road, and also the farther actual Risk of the Hurricanes which we must be ex- posed to did we Lay here During the Months of July, Aug. and Sept .- the 15th Oct furthermore we have the Greatest Reason to Suspect the aforesaid Capt Eastwood was Determined to take our Vessels as His ship the Pomona was Cruis- ing off this Road Continually after the Govornor Denied Delivering up our Vessels and Cargoes. We might write much more but farther at pres- ent the Deponants Saith not in Testimony where of we have set our hand and seal this day

Matthew Cornell George Whippye

Witnesses

Obadiah Rogers Ebenezer Eblan (?)

Before the Honble Mraham Ileyliger Govonor over the Islands St. Eustatia, Saba and St. Mar- tin.

Personally appeared before me Matthew Cor- nell and George Whippye Marriners

and further the Deponants Saith not swore to be- fore me the 20th July 1776 and given from under our hand and the seal of Government

Signed Mr. m lleyliger.

The seal of the government is also affixed in red wax.

As the records show Matthew Cornell left the seas before 1780. at which time he immi- grated with his wife and one or more chil- dren to Easton, Washington county, New York. as before stated. . At one time (date unknown) he brought two exquisite china punch bowls from China. One of these was for many years in the possession of the Whiteside family on Chautattqua Lake. but as all the family have passed away some one else now has it in keeping. The other and by far the handsomer of the two came through Millicent (Cornell) Gifford to her son, Wal- ter Cornell Gifford, and is now in the pos-

session of his daughter, Millicent Cornell (Gifford) Jenkins, of Dumont, New Jersey.

Mrs. Hayward has three other interesting papers, one an announcement of the death of Mr. W. Cornell, member of the assembly in Albany. This Mr. W. Cornell was Walter Cornell, born Attgust 24, 1782, died March 4. 1833, son of Matthew Cornell, and brother of Millicent (Cornell ) Gifford. His nephew and namesake. Walter Cornell Gifford, fol- lowed in the footsteps of his uncle and served the Second Chautauqua District two terms in the assembly beginning 1890. This docu- ment is printed in gold on green satin. The second one is the original deed given by the Holland 1.and Company to Gideon Gifford the 8th of June, 1829. and the third a descrip- tion of the Cushman monument at Burial Hill, Plymouth, Massachusetts.

PUTNAM The lineage of a very large part of Putnams of New Eng- land is traced to John Putnam, the immigrant, the ancestor of several promi- nent citizens of the early days of Massachti- setts. The name comes from Puttenham, a place in England, and this perhaps from the Flemish word putte. "a well." plural putten, and ham, signifying a "home," and the whole indicating a settlement by a well. Some four or five years after the settlement of Salem, Massachusetts, it became necessary to extend the area of the town in order to accommodate a large number of immigrants who were de- sirous of locating within its jurisdiction, and. as a consequence, farming communities were established at variotts points, some of them being a considerable distance from the center of population. Several families newly arrived from England founded a settlement which they called Salem Village, and the place was known as stich for more than a hundred years. It is now called Danvers. Among the original settlers of Salem Village was John Putnam. Ile was the American progenitor of the Put- nams in New England, and among his de- scendants were the distinguished revolution- ary generals, Israel and Rufus Putnam. Much valuable information relative to the early his- tory of the family is to be found in the "Es- sex Institute Collection." In common with most of the inhabitants, they suffered from the witchcraft delusion. buit were not seriously affected.

II31

NEW YORK.

(I) The first ancestor of whom definite knowledge is obtainable is Rodger, a tenant of Puttenham in 1086.

(Il) The second generation is represented by Galo, of the same locality.

(111) Richard, born 1154, died 1189, pre- sented the living of the church of Puttenham to the prior and canons of Ashby.

(H\') Simon de Puttenham was a knight of Herts in 1199.

(V) Ralph de Puttenham, a juryman, in 1199, held a knight's fee in Puttenham of the honor of Leicester in 1210-12.

(VI) William de Puttenham is the next in line.

(VII) John de Puttenham was lord of the manor of Puttenham in 1291, and was a son of William. His wife, "Lady of Puttenhamn, held half a knight's fee in Puttenham of the honor of Wallingford, in 1303."

(VHI) Sir Roger de Puttenham, son of the Lady of Puttenham, was born prior to 1272, and with his wife, Alina, had a grant of lands in Penne in 1315. He was sheriff of Herts in 1322, in which year he supported Edward II. against the Mortimers. His wife. perhaps identical with Helen, is called a daughter of John Spigornel, and was married (second ) to Thomas de la Hay, king's com- missioner, knight of the shire, in 1337, who held Puttenham with reversion to the heirs of Rodger Puttenham, and land in Penne in right of his wife.

(IX) Sir Rodger de Puttenham was par- doned by the king in 1338, probably on ac- count of some political offense. The next year he was a follower of Sir John de Molyns. and was a knight of the shire from 1355 to 1374. He had a grant of remainder after the death of Christian Berdolfe, of the manor of Long Marston, in 1370-71. He had a second wife, Marjorie, in 1 370.

(X) Robert, son of Sir Rodger de Putten- ham, in 1346, held part of a knight's fee in Marston, which the Lady of Puttenham held. He was living in 1356.

(XI) William, son of Robert de Putten- ham, of Puttenham and Penne, was commis- sioner of the peace for Herts in 1377, and was called "of Berk Hampstead." He was sergeant-at-arnis in 1376. He married Mar- garet, daughter of John de Warbleton, who died in 1375, when his estates of Warbleton, Sherfield, etc., passed to the Putnams. They had children : Henry, Robert and William.

(XII) Henry, son of William and Mar- garet ( Warbleton ) de Puttenham, was nearly sixty years of age in 1468, and died July 6, 1473. fle married Elizabeth, widow of Jef- frey Goodluck, who died in 1480, and was probably his second wife.

(\INI) William, eldest son of Henry Put- tenham, was in possession of Puttenham, Penne, Sherfield and other estates. He was buried in London, and his will was proved July 23. 1492. He married AAnne, daughter of John Hampden, of Hampden, who was living in 1486. They had sons: Sir George, Thomas and Nicholas.

(XIV) Nicholas, third son of William and Anne ( Hampden ) Puttenham, of Penne, in 1534, bore the same arms as his elder brother, Sir George. He had sons: John and Henry.

(XV) Henry, younger son of Nicholas Put- nam, was named in the will of his brother John, in 1526.

( XVI) Richard, son of Henry Putnam, was of Eddelsboro in 1524, and owned land in Slapton. His will was proved February 26, 1557, and he left a widow Joan. He had sons : Harry and John.

(XVII) John, second son of Richard and Joan Putnam, of Wingrave and Slapton, was buried October 2, 1573, and his will was proved November 14 following. His wife, Margaret, was buried Jannary 27, 1568. They had sons: Nicholas, Richard, Thomas and John.

(XVIII) Nicholas, eldest son of John and Margaret Putnam, of Wingrave and Stukeley. died before September 27, 1598, on which date his will was proved. His wife, Margaret, was a daughter of John Goodspeed. She married ( second), in 1614, William Huxley, and died January 8, 1619. They had children: John, Anne, Elizabeth, Thomas and Richard.

(1) John, eldest son of Nicholas and Mar- garet (Goodspeed) Putnam, was of the nine- teenth generation in the English line, and the first of the American line. He was born about 1580, and died suddenly in Salem Vil- lage, now Danvers, Massachusetts, December 30, 1662, aged about eighty years. It is known that he was a resident of Aston Abbotts, Eng- land, as late as 1627, as the date of the bap- tism of the youngest son shows, but just when he came to New England is not known. Fam- ily tradition is responsible for the date 1634. and the tradition is known to have been in the family over one hundred and fifty years. In

1132

NEW YORK.

1641. new style, John Putnam was granted land in Salem. He was a farmer, and exceed- ingly well off for those times. He wrote a fair hand, as deeds on file show. In these deeds he styled himself "yeoman"; once, in 1055, "husbandman." His land amounted to two hundred and fifty acres, and was situated between Davenport's hill and Potter's hill. John Putnam was admitted to the church in 1047, six years later than his wife, and was also a freeman the same year. The town of Salem in 1644 voted that a patrol of two men be appointed cach Lord's day to walk forth during worship and take notice of such who did not attend service and who were idle, etc .. and to present such cases to the magistrate ; all of those appointed were men of standing in the community. For the ninth day John Put- nam and John Hathorne were appointed. The following account of the death of John Put- nam was written in 1733 by his grandson, Ed- ward: "He ate his supper, went to prayer with his family and died before he went to sleep." He married, in England, Priscilla (perhaps Gould), who was admitted to the church in Salem in 1641. Their children, bap- tized at Aston Abbotts. were : Elizabeth ; Thomas, grandfather of General Israel Put- nam. of the revolutionary war ; John : Nathan- iel : Sara : Phobe and John.

( II) Nathaniel, third son of John and Pris- cilla Putnam, was baptized at Aston Abbotts, October 11, 1619, and died at Salem Village, July 23. 1700. He was a man of considerable landed property : his wife brought him sev- enty-five acres additional, and on this tract he built his house and established himself. Part of his property has remained uninterruptedly in the family. It is now better known as the "old Judge Putnam place." He was consta- ble in 1656, and afterwards deputy to the general court, 1690-91, selectman, and always at the front on all local questions, whether pertaining to politics, religions affairs, or other town matters. "He had great business activ- ity and ability, and was a person of extraordi- nary powers of mind, of great energy and skill in the management of affairs, and of singular sagacity, acumen and quickness of perception. He left a large estate." Nathaniel Putnam was one of the principals in the great lawsuit concerning the ownership of the Bishop farm. His action in this matter was merely to pre- vent the attempt of Zeruhabel Endicott to push the bounds of the Bishop grant over his

land. The case was a long and complicated affair, and was at last settled to the satisfac- tion of Allen and Putnam in 1683. December 10, 1688, Lieutenant Nathaniel Putnam was one of the four messengers sent to Rev. Sam- uel Parris to obtain his reply to the call of the parish. Parris was afterwards installed as the minister of the parish, and four years later completely deceived Mr. Putnam in regard to the witchcraft delusion. That he honestly be- lieved in witchcraft and in the statements of the afflicted girls, there seems to be no doubt : that he was not inclined to be severe is evident, and his goodness of character shows forth in marked contrast with the almost bitter feeling shown by many of those concerned. He lived to see the mistake he had made. That he should have believed in the delusion is not strange, for belief in witchcraft was then all but universal. The physicians and ministers called upon to examine the girls, who pre- tended to be bewitched, agreed that such was the fact. Upham states that ninety-nine out of every hundred in Salem believed that such was the case. There can be no doubt that the expressed opinion of a man like Nathan- iel Putnam must have influenced scores of his neighbors. His eldest brother had been dead seven years, and he had succeeded to the position as head of the great Putnam family with its connections. He was known as "Landlord Putnam," a term given for many years to the oldest living member of the fam- ily. He saw the family of his brother, Thomas Putnam, afflicted, and, being an upright and honest man himself, believed in the disordered imaginings of his grandniece, Ann. These are powerful reasons to account for his belief and actions. The following extract from Up- ham brings out the better side of his charac- ter :

"Entire confidence was felt by all in his judg- ment, and deservedly. But he was a strong re- ligionist, a life-long member of the church, and ex- tremely strenuous and zealous in his ecclesiastical relations. He was getting to be an old man, and Mr. Parris had wholly succeeded in obtaining, for the time, possession of his feelings, sympathy and zeal in the management of the church, and secured his full co-operation in the witchcraft prosecutions. lle had been led by Parris to take the very front in the proceedings. But even Nathaniel Putnam could not stand by in silence and see Rebecca Nurse sacrificed. A curious paper written by him is among those which have been preserved: 'Nathaniel Put- nam, senior, being desired by Francis Nurse, Sr., to give information of what I could say concerning his wife's life and conversation, I, the above said, have

1133

NEW YORK.

known this aforesaid woman forty years, and what I have observed of her, human frailties excepted, her life and conversation have been to her profes- sion, and she hath brought up a great family of children and educated them well, so that there is in some of them apparent savor of godliness. have known her to differ with neighbors, but I never knew or heard of any that did accuse her of what she is now charged with.'"

In 1604 Nathaniel and John Putnam testi- fied to having lived in the village since 1641. Nathaniel married, in Salem, Elizabeth, daugh- ter of Richard and Alice ( Bosworth) Hutch- inson. of Salem Village. She was born An- gust 20, and baptized at Arnold, England, August 30, 1629, and died June 24, 1688. In 1648 both Nathaniel and his wife Elizabeth were admitted to the church in Salem. Their children, all born in Salem, were: Samuel, Nathaniel, John, Joseph. Elizabeth, Benjamin and Mary.

(1II) Captain Benjamin Putnam, son of Nathaniel Putnam (q. v. ). was born in Salem Village, December 24, 1664, and died there, about 1715. He was a prominent man in Sa- lem, and held many town offices : tythingman, 1695-96; constable and collector, 1700: select- man, 1707-13. He was constantly chosen ty- thingman and surveyor of highways, and was frequently on the grand and petit juries. De- cember 30, 1709, he was chosen deacon of the Salem church. He had the title of "Mr." and held the positions of lieutenant and captain, 1706-1I. He married, August 25, 1685, Eliza- beth, daughter of Thomas Putnam. On the Salem records, however, it is stated that the name of his first wife was Hannah. She died December 21, 1705, and he married ( second ), July 1. 1706, Sarah Holton. Benjamin Put- nam is often mentioned in the diary of Rev. Joseph Green and July 25, 1713, is reported therein to be very sick. He died in 1714 or 1715. His will is dated October 28, 1706, and proved April 25, 1715. Children : Josiah, baptized at Salem, October 2, 1687, probably died young : Nathaniel, mentioned below ; Tar- rant, born April 12, 1688; Elizabeth, January 8, 1690: Benjamin, January 8, 1692-93 ; Ste- phen. October 27, 1694 ; Daniel, November 12, 1696; Israel, August 22, 1699 : Cornelius, Sep- tember 3, 1702.

(IV) Deacon Nathaniel (2) Putnam, son of Captain Benjamin Putnam, was born in Sa- lem Village, August 25, 1686, died October 21, 1754. He married there, June 4, 1709. Han- nah Roberts, who died about 1763. He was

a farmer by occupation, and lived in Danvers, and perhaps part of his life in North Reading. He was elected deacon of the First Church in Danvers, November 15, 1731. Children, born in Salem Village: Nathaniel. baptized Octo- ber 1, 1710, died March 4, 17II : Jacob, born March 9, 1711-12, mentioned below : Nathan- iel, April 4, 1714, died February II, 1720; Sarah, June 1, 1716, unmarried in 1763; Ar- chelaus, May 29, 1718; Ephraim, died about 1759; married, April 12, 1739. Mehitable Put- . nam : Ephraim, February 10, 1719-20. died November 13, 1777; married Sarah Crane ; Hannah, March 4, 1721-22, died 1802; mar- ried, October 22, 1746, Solomon Hutchinson ; Nathaniel, May 28, 1724. died July, 1763; married, February 6, 1744, Abigail Wilkins ; Mehitable, February 26, 1726-27, married Reuben Harriman; Keziah, married Marble.

(V) Jacob, son of Deacon Nathaniel Put- nam, was born in Salem Village. March 9, 1711-12, died in Wilton, New Hampshire, Feb- ruary 10, 1781. He married (first ), at Sa- lem, July, 1735, Susanna Harriman, of Dan- vers: (second) Susanna Styles, who died January 27, 1776; (third) Patience, mentioned in his will, proved February 28, 1781. He was a pioneer settler of Salem, Canada, now Wilton, New Hampshire, which was a grant of land to soldiers under Sir William Phipps in the Canada Expedition of 1690. The grant was made in 1735, and Jacob Putnam was there as early as 1738. In June, 1739, he and his brother Ephraim, and John Dale, made the first settlement. He built a house of two stor- ies in front and one in back, the remains of which could be seen in 1889. For the first three years of his residence there, his wife was the only woman who resided permanently in the town. During one winter the depth of snow and distance from neighbors were so great that she saw no one outside her imme- diate family for six months. It is said that Jacob, together with his brothers, Ephraim and Nathaniel, after living for some years in Wilton, found the Indians troublesome, and returned to Danvers for a time, afterwards settling again in the former place. Jacob was a man of great industry, and beside carry- ing on a farm operated a sawmill. In his old age he employed himself in making cans. Children, the first four born at Salem, the next four at Wilton: Sarah, June 28. 1736, married Jonathan Cram, of Wilton; Nathan-

1134

NEW YORK.

iel. April 24, 1738, mentioned below . Philip. March 4, 1739-40, died young : Stephen, Sep- tember 24, 1741, died June 29, 1812, married Olive Varnum : Philip. March, 1742, died Oc- tober 10, 1810, married ( first ), June 19. 1704. Abigail Jaquith : (second ) January 10. 1707, Hannah Jacques ; Joseph, February 28, 1744. (lied November 17, 1826, married. 1763. Mi- riam Hamblett : Mehitable, December 25. 1745. died January 20, 1800. married Daniel Holt : . Jacob. November 15, 1747, died June 2, 1821. married (first ). 1770, Abigail Burnap: ( sec- ond) 1813. Mrs. Lucy Spoffard; Archelans, October 15. 1749, died October 22, 1816, mar- ried Mary Nichols; Caleb, March 20. 1751, «lied in the army, 1776, married Amy : Elizabeth, April 15, 1753, married, November 26, 1778, Jacob Hardy, of Alexandria : Peter, January 8, 1756, died July 3. 1776, in the army during the Ticonderoga campaign.

(VI) Nathaniel, son of Jacob Putnam, was horn in Danvers, April 24. 1738, died in Wil- ton. New Hampshire, May 20, 1790. He mar- ried ( first ). December 2, 1762, Mary Eastman. of Hampstead, New Hampshire, who died De- cember 28, 1777. He married ( second ), Sep- tember, 1778, Mary Snow. Children by first wife: Peter, born November 29, 1763; Eli- phalet. January 23. 1766, died February 24 or 25. 1826: Jonathan. December 1. 1767, died September 29. 1770: Jonathan, July 29, 1770. died October 27. 1839: Elizabeth, April 25. 1772, died December, 1845 : married, Febru- ary 22, 1798, Joseph Dodge : Philip, March 15. 1775: Mary. September 13, 1777, unmarried. Children by second wife: Phebe Snow, June 27. 1779. died December 14. 1786; Hannah, October 24. 1780, died May 20. 1854: mar- ried. November 30. 1797. Selah Severance ; C'alvin, mentioned below : Abigail Fox, July 9. 1785, died Angust 7, 1846; married David Kinsman.

Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.

Genealogical and family history of central New York : a record of the achievements of her people in the making of a commonwealth and the building of a nation, Volume III, Part 1

Author: Cutter, William Richard, 1847-1918 Publication date: 1912 Publisher: New York : Lewis Historical Pub. Co. Number of Pages: 592

Author: Cutter, William Richard, 1847-1918
Publication date: 1912
Publisher: New York : Lewis Historical Pub. Co.
Number of Pages: 592