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Gc 974.702 H86b 1167033
M. L.
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
asn 7 50
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY
3 1833 01177 1737
465500
GENEALOGY 974.702 H86B
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015
https://archive.org/details/historyofcityofh00brad_0
HISTORY OF THE
CITY OF HUDSON
NEW YORK
WITH
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF HENRY HUDSON
AND ROBERT FULTON
BY MRS. ANNA R. BRADBURY
Published by RECORD PRINTING AND PUBLISHING CO. HUDSON, N. Y. 1908.
COPYRIGHT, 1909 BY MRS. ANNA R. BRADBURY
Southern Rock to_ 7.50
1167033
On My Friends
PREFACE.
Anatole France, the distinguished French writer re- marks, as if it were the merest truism "that all historical works which are not lies, are insupportably dull"
In view of this sweeping assertion it requires no little fortitude to confess, that this History is absolutely truthful, to the best of the author's knowledge and belief.
In the adjustment of conflicting facts some seeming errors possibly may be found, but none that have not been carefully examined, and have in
nothing extenuate
Nor set down aught in malice."
Grateful acknowledgments are made to Mr. Stephen B. Miller's "Historical Sketches of Hudson." Had that work been still in print this would not have been written. The fear that its valuable material would be lost, together with the numerous inquiries in relation to the early history and settlement of Hudson, led to the preparation of this volume.
Thanks are also due to Mr. Peyton F. Miller's "A Group of Great Lawyers," and to all who have so willingly assisted by the loan of books and documents, or by the expression of a kindly interest.
A. R. B.
Hudson, September 15, 1908.
CONTENTS.
Page
INTRODUCTION.
Claim of City of Hudson to Name .- Henry Hudson's Origin .- Grandfather's Quaint Epitaph .- Arms .- Hud- son's Early Training .- Contracts Signed Henry Hudson, Englishman .- Wife and Sons, John, and David, Ances- tors of Family in America .- Two Voyages for Muscovy Company .- Voyage of 1609 in Employ of Dutch on "Half Moon."-First Sight of North America .- Visits From Indians .- Arrives at Chesapeake Bay .- Anchors Within Sandy Hook .- Indian Attack .- Burial of John Cole- man .- Enters New York Bay and Discovers "River of the Mountains .- Anchors off Site of City of Hudson .- Visits Mohicans .- Relics of Indian Village Unearthed .- Hudson Ascends River to Site of Albany .- Descending Anchors Again off This City .- Entertains Mohicans .- Sketch of Mohicans .- Hudson's Soliloquy .- Passes Out to Sea .- Arrives at Dartmouth, England .- Re-called to Service of London Company .- Last Voyage 1910 .- Enters Hudson's Bay .- Spends Months in Effort to Find Passage to the East .- Enters Winter Quarters .- Crew Led by Juet Mutiny .- Little Food .- Visit from Savage .- Hudson and Son John Seized and Thrown in Shallop With Six Sick Men of Crew and Set Adrift .- Staafe Would Not Stay in Ship .- Shallop Sighted Once Then Seen no More .- Ship Reached Capes .- Attacked by Savages .- Prickett Escapes and Brings Hudson's Jour- nal Safely Back to England, With Remnant of Crew .- Grief in England Over Hudson's Fate .- Two Ships Sent Out to Look for Him .- No Clue to His Fate Ever Found .- Widow Applies for Aid .- Discovery of North- west Passage by Amundson .- Comparison of Hudson's Time With the Present xix
X
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I.
THE DUTCH OCCUPATION.
Return of Half Moon to Amsterdam .- Formation of West India Company .- Bring Sixty Families in First Ship .- Take Possession for the Netherlands .- Purchase of Manhattan Island .- Colonists Come Slowly .- Holland Free and Happy .- Our First Settler Arrives .- Purchases Tract of Land From Mohicans .- Death of Patentee .- Col. John Van Alen .- Death of Justus Van Hoesan and Wife .- First Cemetery .- Canoe Ferry to Loonenburg .- The Klauver-rachen .- Dutch Historians' Account of Rich Farm Lands .- Abundance of Fruit, Game and Fish .- Colonist Well to Do .- Came in Families, With House Furnishings and Domestics .- Killaen Van Rensselaer Patent and Domine Megapolensis .- Fort Orange .-- Commandant Crull .- Church in the Fort .- Schools and Churches
1
CHAPTER II.
THE DUTCH OCCUPATION.
First Census .- Slavery Under Dutch and English Rule .- Emancipation in This State .- Bounty for Killing Wild Animals .- Post Riders .- Inns Opened on Post Road .- Mail Coaches .- Hamlet Gathers .- County Formed .- County Seat at Claverack .- Removed to Hudson .- Revolutionary War .- Claverack Battalion Raised .- Dutch Patriots Furnish Officers and Men .- Capture of Capt. Mckinstry .- Indians in Revolution .- Mohicans Loyal to Patriots .- Commended by Washington .- Con- sideration of Relations Between England and Holland .- Led to Her Surrender of American Colonies.
9
CHAPTER III.
RULE OF THE PROPRIETORS.
Nantucket Whaling Industries Ruined by British .- Jen- kins Brothers Select "Claverack Landing."-Buy Land .- Build Houses .- Organize .- Minutes of Meetings .- Name Hudson Adopted .- Col. Van Alen Presents Land for Cemetery .- Death .- Monument Erected by City . ...
16
CONTENTS
xi Page
CHAPTER IV.
Division of Lots .- Dutch Obtained Good Prices .- Enter- prise Draws Settlers of Good Class .- Friends Erect Meeting-house .- Description of Same .- Customs and Dress .- Rhyme of S. B. Miller .- First School .- Ship Building .- Large Tonnage .- Launching .- Industries Con- nected With Ship Building .- Rope Walk .- Sail Making .- Tanneries .- Brewery .- Wind Grist Mill on Prospect Hill
24
CHAPTER V.
PEN PICTURES OF PROPRIETORS.
Preparations for Incorporation. - Minutes. - Petition Drafted .- Presented to Assembly .- Nothing Known of Government or Finances .- Dutch and English Dwelt in Harmony .- Social Life .- High Character of Founders .--- Thomas Jenkins' Home .- Death .- Burial .- Seth Jenkins, First Mayor of City .- Seth Jenkins, Jr., Built 115 War- ren Street .- Marriage .- Robert Jenkins, Third Mayor .- Built Chapter House .- Presented by Mrs. Hartley to D. A. R .- Cotton Gelston .- Squire Worth .- Capt. John Hathaway .- David Lawrence .- Alexander Coffin .- Ezek- iel Gilbert, First Lawyer in City
31
CHAPTER VI.
INCORPORATION.
Boundaries of City .- Charter Arrives .- First Town Meet- ing .- City Officials .- Seth Jenkins Appointed Mayor by Governor .- Seal for City Purchased .- Gaol Erected .- Whipping-post Stocks .- Gilbert's Residence .- City Ordinances .- Chimney Viewers .- Fire Wardens .- Fire Engines Purchased .- First Fire .- Account of Same .- Fires Frequent
39
CHAPTER VII.
WHALE AND SEAL FISHERIES.
Large Cargo of Sperm Oil .- Oil and Candle Works .- Visit of Talleyrand .- Seal Fishery .- Hudson Port of
xii
CONTENTS
Page
Entry .- Commerce Large .- Various Industries .- Traffic With South .- Causes of Decay of Commerce .- Revival of Whale Fisheries .- Captains Judah and Laban Pad- dock .- Captain Paddock's "Narrative" Condensed . 46
CHAPTER VIII.
Water Supply .- Inspector Appointed .- Town Pump .-
Streets Graded .- Sewers Laid .- Columbia Turnpike Co .- Roads Built .- Night Watch Instituted .- Effigies on Signs Distasteful .- First Street Lamps Placed .--- Various Ordinances .- Erection of City Hall .- Mayor's Court and Seal .- Change of Currency .- Contest for Capital
54
CHAPTER IX.
Parade Hill .- Weight of Bread Fixed .- Post Office Estab- lished .- Post Riders Superseded .- First Mail Coaches .- First Newspaper .- Advertisements 62
CHAPTER X.
EARLY JOURNALISM.
Mortality Among Infant Newspapers .- Balance .- Bee .- Wasp .- Democratic Club .- Federal Club .- Croswell's Trial for Libel .- Hamilton's Last Case .- Bishop Doane's Letter .- County Records .- Strange Sentence .- "Bee" Case .- Grandfather of President Roosevelt Interested in Case .- President's Note .- Removal of County Seat .- City Hall Re-modeled. 70
CHAPTER XI.
Scows Replace Canoes .- Horse Boat .- Steam Ferry
Boat .- Sloops .- Sloop Owners .- Fare on Same .- Tourist's Account of Trip to New York .- Fulton's Clermont .- Curious Advertisements .- First Steamboats Owned Here 77
CHAPTER XII.
ROBERT FULTON.
Birth .- Early Life .- Paints Portraits .- Buys Home for His Mother .- Goes to London .- Meets West .- Studies Art
xiii
CONTENTS
Page
and Engineering .- Visits Paris .- Invents "Plunger."- Visits Holland .- Experience With English .- Blows up Vessel and Returns to Paris .- Meets Chancellor Living- ston .- Experiments on Seine .- Engine Ordered .- Builds Clermont .- Fulton's Report of Trip up Hudson .- New York Press Account .- Fulton's Death .- Mrs. Ful- ton's Re-marriage .- Death .- Burial in Claverack .- Old Ludlow House .- Relics of Fulton.
82
CHAPTER XIII.
Glimpses of City From Press .- List of Tax-payers .- First Charter Election .- First Bank .- Its Failure .- Jemmy Fraser's Fall .- Second Bank Chartered .- Its Failure .- Hudson River Bank Organized .- Farmers' Bank .-. Savings Institution, and First National Char- tered .- Masons Instituted .- St. John's Hall Built .- Burned and Rebuilt .- War of 1812, and Lieut. Beek- man .- Lodges Instituted .- First Odd Fellows' Lodge .- Reception of Hon. John Jay.
89
CHAPTER XIV.
MILITARY COMPANIES.
First Celebration of Fourth of July .- Party Politics .- Death of Washington .- Gen. Scott Encamped Here .- Visit of West Point Cadets .- Gen. Lafayette .- Death of Lieut. Allen .- Obsequies .- Monument .- Major Gen. Worth .- His Honors .- Birthplace Admirably Restored .. 100
CHAPTER XV.
First Public Library .- Debating Societies .- Franklin Li- brary Association .- Lectures .- Early Physicians .- Dr. Younglove. - Capture by British. - Dr. Mann .- Drowned .- Dr. Samuel White .- Formation of Medical Society .- Dr. S. Pomeroy White .- Last Meeting of Pro- prietors .- Noble Record .- Last Survivor, Capt. Coffin .- Post Office .- Postmasters .- Date of Money Order .- Free Delivery .- Site for New Post Office Purchased. ... 111
xiv
CONTENTS
Page
CHAPTER XVI.
CHURCHES.
First Meeting-house Erected for Friends .- Presbyterian Second .- Description of Church .- Purchased Present Site .- Reformed Church Organized .- Built .- Episcopal Church Built on Second St .- Present Property Ac- quired .- Inception of All Saints .- Baptist Church Organized .- Methodist and Universalist Follow .- Three Lutheran Churches .- St. Mary's Church and Academy .- Italian Society Build .- Two Hebrew Bodies .- Two Afro-American .- Clergy of City .- Y. M. C. A. Organ- ized
118
CHAPTER XVII.
SCHOOLS.
Hudson Academy .- First Teachers .- Young Ladies' School .- Amasa J. Parker's Description .- Hudson Select Academy Called "Shad."-First House on Prospect Hill .- Prospect Avenue Improved .- Private Schools .--- Lancaster School, Why So-called .- How Supported .- First Teacher .- African School .- Public Schools .- High School .- Corps of Teachers .- Number Enrolled .- Night School .- Hudson Responsive to Educational Progress in This Country 126
CHAPTER XVIII.
THE HUDSON BAR.
Brilliant Galaxy of Talent .- The Two Spencers .- Martin Van Buren .- Elisha Williams .- Ambrose L. Jordan .- Verbal Encounter Between Them. . 135
CHAPTER XIX.
THE HUDSON BAR-Continued.
Hudson Bar .- Anti-Rent War .- John W. Edmonds .- Early Life .- Presides at Trial of Anti-rent Leaders .- Particulars of Anti-rent War .- Grievances of Tenants .-- Incendiary Meetings .- Arrest of Big Thunder and Little Thunder .- Great Excitement .- Threats of a Rescue .- Citizens Arm .- Troops Sent by Governor .- Trial Re-
CONTENTS
XV Page
sulted in a Disagreement .- A Second Ended in Verdict of Conviction .- Judge Edmonds Presiding .- Tilt Between Counsel 143
CHAPTER XX.
THE HUDSON BAR-Continued.
Sketch of Theodore Miller .- Joseph D. Monell .- Edward P. Cowles .- Josiah Sutherland .- Henry Hogeboom .- Samuel Edwards .- Aaron V. S. Cochrane. 150
CHAPTER XXI.
CIVIL WAR.
Court House .- Criminal Cases .- Remodeled City Hall .-- Court House Succeeded .- City Purchased Present Site With Park .- Its Cost .- Larger Accommodation Re- quired .- New Building Erected .- Burned .- Fourth Court House Nearly Completed .- First Trial for Murder .- Successive Trials .- Civil Regiment Col. Cowles .- "Camp Kelly."-Fine Appearance as it Left for the Front .- Death of Col. Cowles .- Funeral .- Major Gifford's Death .- Heavy Losses in City and County .-- Col. C. L. Best .- Honorable Career .- Lieut. Comman- der J. V. N. Philip .- A. & H. Association .- Fairs .- Cowles Guard Organized .- Its Career .- Company F. Drum Corp .- Fraternal Societies .- The Elks .- New 156 Club House
CHAPTER XXII.
City Hall Built .- Opening Ceremonies .- Bachelors' Ball. A Social Leader .- City Officers Installed .- Franklin Library .- Lectures Continued .- Library Removed .--- Installed in Chapter House .- Endowed by Mrs. Mar- cellus Hartley .- Hendrick Hudson Chapter D. A. R. Organized .- Active in Many Ways .- Fine Chapter House Gift of Mrs. Hartley .- Early Citizens .- Oliver Wiswall .- Judge Barnard .- Henry P. Skinner .- Lorenzo G. Guernsey 167
CHAPTER XXIII.
The Press .- First Daily .- Merged in Daily Morning Re- publican .- Gazette Revived .- Evening Register Estab-
-
CONTENTS
xvi
Page
lished .- Woolen Mills .- Fulling Mill on Underhill's Pond .- Iron Companies .- Knitting Mills .- Later Indus- tries .- Business Conservative .- Shops Improved .- Hud- son & Berkshire Railroad .- Fire Department Re-organ- ized 176
CHAPTER XXIV.
WATER SUPPLY-CIVIC IMPROVEMENT.
Water Supply .- Vote Decided for River .- Works Fin- ished .- Quality of Water Becomes Dangerous .- Grav- ity System Introduced .- Dissolution of Aqueduct Co .- Also Columbia Turnpike Co., Both Venerable .- Lamps in Street Replaced by Gas and Electric Light .- Trolley Lines on Warren St. and to Albany .- Public Square Improved .- Pretty Park .- Promenade Hill Also .- Scenes Witnessed From the Latter .- Henry Hud- son's Visit .- Passing of Clermont .- Wreck of the "Swallow."-Statue of St. Winifred Placed .- Civic Im- provements 183
CHAPTER XXV.
Medical Profession .- Charitable Institutions .- Dr. R. L. Frary .- Dr. A. P. and Dr. C. P. Cook .- Historians' Limits .- Dr. E. Simpson .- Dr. J. C. Benham .- Dr. J. P. Wheeler .- Dr. W. Pitcher .- Dr. H. L. Smith .- Dr. C. E. Fritts .- The Hudson Orphan Asylum .-- Home for the Aged .- Hospital .- Volunteer Firemen's Home .- State 194 Training School for Girls
CHAPTER XXVI.
DISTINGUISHED MEN.
Hon. John S. Gould .- Dr. F. B. Power .- William A. Nash .- Valentine P. Snyder .- Henry A. Smith. ...... 203
ARTISTS.
Henry Ary .- Arthur Parton .- Ernest Parton .- Sara Free- born .- Sanford R. Gifford 209
GLIMPSES OF AUTHORS.
Charles Dickens .- Henry James .- G. W. Curtiss .- Bayard Taylor and Others . 214
CONTENTS
xvii
Page
CHAPTER XXVII.
The Hudson Social Reading Club .- Its Object and Offi- cers .- Sketch of S. B. Miller, Secretary .- Re-organized as "The Fortnightly" on Similar Lines .- Society in For- mer Years .- Its Simplicity .- Card Clubs .- Deltoton .- - Country Club .- Hudson Club .- Musical Taste 216
NOTABLES.
The Ashmead-Bartletts .- Ion Perdicaris .- Cyrus Cur- tiss .- Hudson's Attraction for Retired Men .- Richard I. Wells .- Doctor Oliver Bronson .- Frederick Fitch Fol- ger .- Joel T. Simpson .- New Era Possibly About to Dawn .- Manufacturing Facilities .- "Ring Out the Old, Ring in the New."
219
INTRODUCTION.
Biographical Sketch of Henry Hudson.
In writing a history of the city of Hudson at this time it seems eminently fitting to include a biographical sketch of our celebrated namesake, Henry Hudson.
Although countless cities bearing his name are strewn over the land 'Thick as autumnal leaves in Vallombrosa,' not one, with the exception of Hudson, Ohio, which was founded by his descendants, possesses our peculiar right to it.
A careful perusal of Hudson's journal of the voyage of 1609, as preserved in that quaint old volume entitled "Purchas his Pilgrims," proves that he landed on this site, both on ascending and descending the river.
On his first visit he remained a whole day, and on his return was detained four days by contrary winds, while his good ship "Half Moon" swung at anchor off the shore.
"These," Hudson writes, "I spent both pleasantly and profitably surveying the country, finding good ground for corn and garden herbs, and goodly oaks and nut trees, and trees of sweet wood in great abundance."
He also describes his visit to the Mohicans here at great length. Then too the location of our city on the bank of Hudson's "River of the Mountains" that vies in beauty with the castled Rhine, and to which Hudson him- self referred as his most notable discovery. All these considerations add a personal interest to the narrative of the great explorer.
Of Henry Hudson's origin and early history, but little
XX
INTRODUCTORY
is known. He was born in England, and was a grandson of Henry Hudson who was an alderman of the city of London, and who with Sebastian Cabot established the Muscovy Company, which traded with Russia through the port of Archangel. Ivan the Terrible, the first of the Czars of Russia, who is referred to by Elizabethan writers as Ivan Vasilivitch, Duke of Muscovy, fostered this traffic and gave the name to the company.
The arms of the Hudson family were " argent semée of fleurs-de-lis gules, a cross engrailed sable." His tomb in the old parish church of St. Dunstan's in the East, bears this inscription :
Here lieth Henry Hudson's corps Within this Tomb of Stone: His soul (through faith in Christ's death) To God in Heaven is gone. While that he lived an Alderman And skinner was his state; To Vertue bare he all his love To Vice bare he his hate. He had to wife one Barbara Which made this Tomb you see By whom he had of issue store Eight sonnes and daughters three. Obiit 22. Decemb. An. Dom. 1555.
There is every reason to believe that Henry Hudson was influenced by the traditions of his house, to look in the direction pointed out by Cabot, and after him by Davis, and Frobisher, for a short route through the polar seas, to the semi-fabulous empire of Cathay.
Hudson had a wealthy kinsman named Sir Christopher Hudson, who owned a fleet of armed ships, but it seems certain that it was in the service of the Muscovy Company, that he received that training and experience which
xxi
INTRODUCTORY
served to develop his inherent qualities of coolness and courage, into the skillful and intrepid navigator.
His most cherished and intimate friend in London, was Captain John Smith, one of the founders of the colony of Virginia in 1607. Mention is made of Henry Hudson's wife and family, in his contract with the Dutch East India Company, wherein it was agreed that he should be paid three hundred and twenty dollars for his ser- vices and for the support of his wife and children. Further, that his widow was to receive eighty dollars additional, should the explorer be lost during the voyage.
As the few remaining documents, and these contracts even with his Dutch employers, are all signed "Henry Hudson, Englishman," there remains no possible reason for writing his name "Hendrik." As a matter of fact, Hudson's negotiations with the Dutch Company, were conducted with the aid of an interpreter, his ignorance of the language being as unfortunate as it was complete. Undoubtedly a large share of his later troubles with his Dutch sailors, arose from his inability to understand their language.
Hudson's elder son, John Hudson, accompanied him on all his later voyages, and finally perished with him. His second son named David was the ancestor of the Hudson family, who came to this country in the year 1800, and founded the town of Hudson in Ohio. This David Hudson, being the fifth of that name in direct descent from Henry Hudson. It is a pleasant thought that his descendants have been residents of our country for more than a century, and are neither English or Dutch, but citizens of the American Republic.
In 1607, the London Muscovy Company with a re- newed desire to extend its search for a shorter passage to the East, offered Henry Hudson the command of their ship, his ability and bravery having been successfully tested and he himself always eager for new adventures.
xxii
INTRODUCTORY
"The wealth of the Indies" had passed into a proverb, and all the nations of Europe were restless and dissatis- fied because of the delays and difficulties-says an early authority-in the way of obtaining it; the commerce of that region being slowly and laboriously brought to them, partly overland and then floated through the Mediterra- nean Sea. Hudson gladly accepted the commission and on the 19th of April, 1607, repaired with his crew of eleven men including his son John, to the church of Saint Ethelburga in Bishopsgate Street, and there received the sacrament, as was the custom of the time. In the good ship Hopewell on May first, he dropped down the Thames and headed north, as he says in his journal "for to dis- cover by the North Pole a passage to China and Japan."
Suffice it to say, that this voyage and also a second, undertaken for the same purpose in the following year were unsuccessful, and the London Company becoming disheartened, Hudson passed over to Holland, and offered his services to the Dutch East India Company. His fame as a bold and skillful navigator had preceded him, and he was speedily engaged for the same object "to discover if possible a shorter route to the East, and thus increase their facilities for trade." The quaint little "Half Moon," a vessel of only about 80 tons bur- den was soon equipped, and manned with a crew of twenty English and Dutch sailors, of whom Robert Juet was Masters Mate
On the 25th of March, 1609, Hudson set sail from Amsterdam and in a little over a month doubled the North Cape, and a short time afterward reached the coast of Nova Zembla. Here he encountered powerful head winds, huge icebergs and dense fog, as in his former voyages, and finding it impossible to proceed farther north he determined to sail westerly, and perhaps add to the vast discoveries of which he had heard from his friend Captain John Smith. Hudson had also obtained some
XXIII
INTRODUCTORY
maps from him, on one of which was marked a strait south of Virginia offering a passage to the Pacific Ocean or "Great South Sea," as it was called, and he hoped by this means to reach the East Indies.
So retracing his course he soon doubled the North Cape again and by the last of May arrived at one of the Faroe Islands. From thence he sailed for New- foundland, but being driven about by fierce tempests in one of which his fore-mast was swept away, it was not until early in July that he succeeded in reaching it "and saw a great fleet of French fishing boats off the banks." "Being becalmed he sent his crew to try their luck and they were very successful, taking in one day 130 cod- fish."
The wind springing up they set sail, cleared the banks, passed the shore of Nova Scotia and on the morning of July 12th had their first glimpse of North America. The fog now became so thick they were afraid to approach the land, but on the 18th the weather cleared and they ran into "a goodly harbor." This was Penobscot Bay, on the coast of Maine.
Hudson here for the first time came in contact with the natives' of the country, two boats coming off to him containing six Indians "who seemed very glad at their coming." He gave them some trifling presents and "they ate and drank with him." One of them could speak a little French, and Hudson learned "that there were gold and silver and copper mines near by, and that the French people were in the habit of trading with them."
Hudson remained here several days, mending sails and re-setting a new fore-mast, while some of the crew filled the water-casks and others amused themselves catching lobsters. The Indians meanwhile came on board in great numbers "seeming not at all afraid of Hudson's men while the crew viewed them with suspicion."
On the day before leaving, one of those acts of cruelty
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was perpetrated by Hudson's men, which serve to explain if not to justify the "Indian atrocities" of later times. Two French shallops filled with Indians came to the ship bring- ing beaver skins and fine furs which they wished to trade for articles of dress or knives, hatchets and trinkets. The men "noting where the shallops were laid manned a boat with six of the crew armed with muskets, took one of them and brought it on board." This was base enough but not satisfied with this, "they landed a boat load of armed men, drove the Indians from their houses and took the spoil of them." The Indians had shown them only the greatest kindness and good will, and such conduct can only be accounted for on the ground that Hudson could not control his crew, although he was reputed to be a strict disciplinarian.
It is recorded that "they had many quarrels with the natives, and were a wild ungovernable set of men." In the light of the tragic events of the following winter, when Hudson himself fell a victim to their treacherous malig- nancy, we can readily believe that a spirit of insubordina- tion incited by the unscrupulous first mate Robert Juet, had even then undermined his authority.
Hudson finally set sail on July 26th, steering south- ward along the coast and sighting Cape Cod. Here the men on landing found "goodly grapes and rose-trees which they brought to the ship," also, "Indians who were great smokers and had an abundance of green tobacco, and pipes, the bowls of which were made of earth and the stems of red copper."
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