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محجوب
1800
Glass .
Book
COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT
NEW YORK STATE'S PROMINENT AND PROGRESSIVE MEN
AN ENCYCLOPÆDIA OF CONTEMPORANEOUS BIOGRAPHY
COMPILED BY MITCHELL C. HARRISON
VOLUME III
NEW YORK TRIBUNE 1902
THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, Tim CUPIED RECEIVED JUL. 14 1902 COPYRIGHT ENTRY June 13-1902 CLASS & XXC NO.
3 5 3 35 COPY B
Copyright, 1902, by THE TRIBUNE ASSOCIATION
THE DE VINNE PRE88
CONTENTS
PAGE
FREDERIC WILLIAM ADEE
1
THOMAS ALLISON .
3
JOHN A. AMUNDSON
5
ALLEN STODDARD APGAR
7
MARKS ARNHEIM .
9
CHARLES CHAPMAN BACKUS
11
HENRY CLINTON BACKUS
14
GEORGE CLINTON BATCHELLER
18
OLIVER HAZARD PERRY BELMONT
21
JOHN ANDERSON BENSEL
24
GEORGE BLAIR .
26
CALVIN STEWART BRICE
29
FREDERICK R. BROOKE
32
GEORGE V. BROWER
36
DAVID WOLFE BRUCE
38
GEORGE BRUCE
41
THOMAS CORNER BUCK
44
CHARLES LUMAN BUCKINGHAM
46
SAMUEL BUDD
48 50
JOHN BYRNE . 52
LAURENCE J. CALLANAN 54
THOMAS C. CAMPBELL
56
FRANCIS DIGHTON CARLEY 58
60
WILLIAM HENRY CLARK 62
67
WILLIAM ROGERS COLE .
69
GEORGE DILLWYN COOK
72
RICHARD M. CORNELL
75
JOHN SERGEANT CRAM
77
ALEXANDER BAXTER CRANE
79
JOHN JAY CRAWFORD . 81
JOHN VINTON DAHLGREN 83
JAMES P. DAVENPORT 85
GEORGE WARREN DAVIS 87
HERBERT JEROME DAVIS
90
JAMES BUTLER
JOHN MITCHELL CLARK .
GEORGE CASPAR CLAUSEN
CONTENTS
PAGE
JOHN H. DEANE .
92
CHARLES CRIST DELMONICO
94
LOUIS PALMA DI CESNOLA
96
EDWARD ALSON DRAKE .
98
ROBERT DUNLAP
100
JOHN STEWART DURAND
102
CHARLES HENRY EDGAR
104
JOHN WASHINGTON EISENHUTH
106
JOIIN LOVE ELLIOT 108
FREDERICK T. ELLITHORPE 110
112
WILLIAM HILDRETH FIELD 114
116
JAMES PEERS FOSTER
118
EUGENE FULLER
120
HENRY J. FURLONG
122
HUGH RICHARDSON GARDEN
124
EDWIN VAN DEUSEN GAZZAM
126
EDWARD ALVAH GODDING
128
CHARLES A. GOULD
130
THOMAS F. GRADY
133
HENRY WINTHROP GRAY
135
SAMUEL GREENBAUM 137
ISAAC JOHN GREENWOOD
139
JAMES BROWN MASON GROSVENOR
141
JAMES DUNCAN HAGUE
143
GEORGE M. HAHN
145
JAMES HOOKER HAMERSLEY
147
CHARLES AUGUSTUS HARNED
151
EDWARD BASCOMB HARPER
153
MORRIS HENRY HAYMAN
155
FREDERICK ROWLAND HAZARD
157
CECIL CAMPBELL HIGGINS .
161
FERDINAND HIRSCH
163
JOHN PHILIP HOLLAND
165
RICHARD ALEXANDER HUDNUT
167
ROBERT HUNTER
169
E. FRANCIS HYDE
171
CHARLES CONOVER KALBFLEISCH
173
EDWIN STEWART KELLY 175
THOMAS BAKEWELL KERR 177
FAIRFAX STUART LANDSTREET 179
WILLIAM DANIEL LANE . 181
FRANK R. LAWRENCE .
183
SAMUEL LLOYD
185
WALTER SETH LOGAN
187
GEORGE JACOB HELMER
159
WILLIAM JOSEPH FANNING
ARCHIE C. FISK
CONTENTS
PAGE
PIERRE LORILLARD
190
PHINEAS C. LOUNSBURY
193
JOHN MCCULLAGH
195
JOIIN B. MCDONALD
197
DENNIS DANIEL McKOON
200
JOHN MILTON MABBOTT 202
JOSIAH MACY
204
JOSIAH MACY, JR. 207
V. EVERIT MACY
210
WILLIAM HENRY MACY . 213
JOHN AUGUSTUS MAPES
216
JOHN BAPTIST MARSHALL
218
JAMES MADISON MARVIN
220
SELDEN ERASTUS MARVIN 222
224
HIBBERT B. MASTERS .
226
FRANK JEWETT MATHER
229
HUDSON MAXIMI
231
GEORGE WASHINGTON MILLER
235
ISAAC NEWTON MILLER .
237
WILLIAM MCMASTER MILLS
239
JOSEPH MUIR, M.D. . 241
F. ADOLFO MULLER-URY 243
HERBERT FRANCIS MUNN
245
WILLIAM DENNISTOUN MURPHY 247
249
THADDEUS HALSTED MYERS
251
ELIOT NORTON .
253
EVERMONT HOPE NORTON
255
JOSEPH W. OGDEN
258
WILLIAM PECK PARRISH
260
THOMAS GEDNEY PATTEN .
262
WILLIAM JAMES PATTERSON
264
LOUIS F. PAYN
266
SERENO ELISHA PAYNE .
268
ROYAL CANFIELD PEABODY
271
VENNETTE F. PELLETREAU
273
AUGUSTUS W. PETERS
275
EDWIN FITCH RAYNOR
277
WILLIAM RICHTER
280
SAMUEL RIKER .
282
STEPHEN WOOD ROACH
284
MATHEW ROCK
286
CHARLES BROADWAY ROUSS
289
SCHUYLER SCHIEFFELIN .
291
FRANCIS JOSEPH SCHNUGG
293
DELEVAN SCOVILLE .
295
JAMES B. MURRAY
THOMAS FALES MASON
CONTENTS
PAGE
CHARLES HITCHCOCK SHERRILL
297
WARNER SHERWOOD
299
JACOB SHRADY . 302
EDGAR OSCAR SILVER 304
CHARLES EDWARD WINGATE SMITH
306
FRED DE LYSLE SMITII .
309
FRANK JULIAN SPRAGUE
311
THOMAS ELLIOT STEWART
314
ANSON PHELPS STOKES
316
J. G. PHELPS STOKES
318
RICHARD ALSOP STORRS
320
HENRY ADGATE STRONG
322
EDWARD BAKER TALCOTT
324
ERNST THALMANN
326
JOHN HENRY THIRY 329
J. CAMPBELL THOMPSON 331
333
MIRABEAU LAMAR TOWNS .
336
FERDINAND CHARLES TOWNSEND
338
ALFRED GWYNNE VANDERBILT
340
HENRY SAYRE VAN DUZER
345
SALEM HOWE WALES .
347
IRA DE FOREST WARREN
349
LYMAN EDDY WARREN
351
NELSON J. WATERBURY .
353
WILLIAM RAYMOND WEEKS .
355
JOHN WHALEN .
359
RUSSELL WHITCOMB
361
ARCHIBALD SYLVESTER WHITE
363
WILLIAM COLLINS WHITNEY 365
GEORGE WOODWARD WICKERSHAM
368
MORNAY WILLIAMS .
370
FLOYD BAKER WILSON
372
HENRY RANDALL WILSON 374
RICHARD T. WILSON, JR. 376
ALBERT J. WISE 378
JOHN DAVID WOLFE 380
GEORGE WASHINGTON WRIGHT
383
EUGENE ZAISS
385
ROBERT MEANS THOMPSON
Frederick Tidie
FREDERIC WILLIAM ADEE
THE family of Adee is of English origin. Its founder in the United States was John Adee, who in the eighteenth century came hither and settled, with his family, in the Provi- denee Plantations, now the State of Rhode Island. At a later date the family removed to Portehester, in Westchester County, New York, and thence, in 1823, to Westchester, in the same county.
A son of John Adee was William Adee, who married Clarissa Townsend of Albany, New York. Their son, George Townsend Adee, became a prominent merchant and banker of New York, making his home at Westchester. George Townsend Adee mar- ried Ellen L. Henry of New York city, and to them the subject of the present sketch was born, the great-grandson of the founder of the family in America.
Frederie William Adee was born at Westchester, Westchester County, New York, on April 19, 1853. His early instruction was received at the private school and military academy of Brainard T. Harrington, at Westchester, and there he was pre- pared to enter college. In the fall of 1869, being then sixteen years of age, he was matriculated at Yale University, and began the pursuit of its regular classical course. His four years at Yale were spent profitably and ereditably, his rank as a student being high in his class, and in the summer of 1873 he was duly graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts.
With this foundation for special professional culture Mr. Adee came to New York and entered the Law School of Columbia University, in the fall of 1873. He took the full regular course, under Professor Theodore W. Dwight. The course was then only two years long, and so in the spring of 1875 he was gradu-
1
2
FREDERIC WILLIAM ADEE
ated, with honorable standing in his class, and received the degree of Bachelor of Laws.
He was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court in May, 1875. Prior to his graduation from the Law School, Mr. Adee began a elerkship in the office of Lord, Day & Lord, the well- known and long-established law firm, in association with which he continued in various capacities for over nine years. In 1883 he established an office of his own in the Equitable Life Assur- ance Society Building, 120 Broadway, New York, for the general practice of law. He has attained a recognized standing in the practice of commercial, corporate, trust, and real-estate law, and in matters pertaining to decedents' estates. Besides his office practice, he has been principally engaged in the New York Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, surrogates' courts, United States courts in the Southern District of New York and at Washington, in the Court of Commissioners of Alabama Claims, and the United States Court of Claims.
While an undergraduate at Yale, Mr. Adee became a member of the following college societies : Scroll and Key, Delta Kappa Epsilon, Delta Beta Xi, and Delta Kappa. He is a member of the following New York clubs and institutions : Union Club, Knicker- boeker Club, University Club, Metropolitan Club, Down-Town Association, Country Club of Westchester County, Yale Chib, Association of the Bar of the City of New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, and New York Zoological Society. In politics he is a Republican, and in religion he is a member of the Prot- estant Episcopal Church, being a pewholder in Trinity Chapel, Trinity Parish, New York city.
He resides at the family homestead on Throg's Neck, West- chester, New York city, bordering on Long Island Sound, and his law offices are now at 45 Pine Street, New York city.
Tomar Alison
THOMAS ALLISON
TE THOMAS ALLISON was born in New York city on Sep- tember 19, 1840, and was educated in the public schools and in the College of the City of New York, from which latter he was graduated in 1860. He studied law in the office of John W. Edmonds, ex-justice of the Supreme Court of the State, and in November, 1861, was admitted to practice at the bar. Although his father was at that time a man of wealth, Mr. Allison's inde- pendent spirit constrained him to depend upon his own exer- tions for maintenance. He served as an office-boy, and he con- tinued to work his way forward and upward in his profession.
His practice has ineluded some of the most frequently quoted cases in various branches, but he has from the beginning paid especial attention to municipal law. He has been employed as special counsel in innumerable eases in which the city has been a party, by every corporation counsel, for more than twenty-five years. This fact is the more significant when it is remembered that he has always been a strong Republican, while the city officers have generally been Democrats. He brought the suit in which Hubert O. Thompson enjoined Tammany Hall from initiating a hundred and sixty-seven new members, and balked Tammany's scheme to control the Presidential nomination in the Tilden campaign. During Mayor Cooper's term he argued against the Publie Burdens Bill before the Senate committee. and seeured its rejection after it had been passed by the Assem- bly. He conducted and won the contest of E. Henry Lacombe for corporation counsel against E. T. Wood. He was the city's sole counsel in all the Broadway surface railroad litigation, in the case of the Twenty-third Street railroad, and in that of the notorious " Shepherd's Fold." These are a few of the causes in
3
4
THOMAS ALLISON
which he has figured prominently as counsel for the city. He has also had a large general practice in other branches of the law.
For nine years he was the head of the law firm of Allison & Shaw, but since May, 1882, he has been alone in practice. His services have often been sought as special and consulting counsel, and he has frequently been appointed referee. During Mayor Edson's term he was asked to accept appointment as corporation counsel, but he declined. He also declined nomina- tion for the bench by a Citizens' Committee, as well as appoint- ment to the Board of Education by Mayor Cooper and Mayor Grace.
Mr. Allison was the Republican, Citizens', and County Democ- racy candidate for judge of the Court of Common Pleas in 1889, and polled a very large vote, and won from the press, irre- spective of party, the highest tributes to his worth and ability. He was, however, defeated with the rest of the ticket. In April, 1895, Governor Morton appointed him a judge of the Court of General Sessions. He was nominated to succeed him- self by the Republicans and Good Government clubs, and, though defeated, had the satisfaction of polling several thousand more votes than any other candidate on the ticket. At the end of his term the jurors who had served under him and the law- yers presented to him testimonials of their esteem. Judge Allison declined appointment by Governor Morton as District Attorney to succeed Colonel Fellows, deceased, and also several other offers of appointment. In 1897 he was the Republican candidate for justice of the Supreme Court, but was defeated with the rest of the ticket. In the summer of 1901 his appoint- ment as judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York was strongly urged upon Presi- dent Mckinley. In the fall of 1901 he was one of the three persons agreed upon by the anti-Tammany conference commit- tee for the nomination by the County Convention for District Attorney.
Johnet. Amundson
JOHN A. AMUNDSON
THE tides of migration in such a country as ours often show a curious reflex action. In general the trend has been from the East to the West. The great States of the West have been founded, settled, and built up into their present superb propor- tions by men and women from the older States of the eastern seaboard. Wisconsin, it is true, was explored by the French in early times, and a few mission and trading-posts were there es- tablished. But the real settlement of the region dates from abont 1872, when pioneers began to pour into it from the At- lantic seaboard. They built it up into one of the sturdiest and worthiest of the United States. And now, in turn, Wisconsin, as also all the other Western States, sends back now and then one of her sons to the East, to be there a vitalizing factor and a dominant one in the life of the community. With such a man, of eastern ancestry, of western birth, and again of eastern set- tlement and achievements, the present sketch has to deal.
The Badger State was the native place of John A. Amund- son. His parents, descended from the line of ancestors identified with the growth of the United States, were among the pioneer settlers of Wisconsin, and there, at the State capital, Madison, he was born, on April 2, 1856.
His parents were in moderate circumstances, and he was compelled to depend upon the common schools and his own efforts for his early education. His personal determination, application, and self-sacrifice enabled him to surmount difficul- ties which would have seemed insuperable to a less robust char- acter, and he succeeded in preparing himself for college so well that he was accepted as a matriculant at Yale without a single condition.
5
6
JOHN A. AMUNDSON
With such preparation his success at college was practically assured. The same earnest and indomitable spirit carried him through the four years' course in brilliant fashion. He was a marked man in each of the four classes, proficient in all his studies. At the end he was graduated with high honors, and delivered the De Forest prize oration.
From the Academie Department of Yale he at once went into the Law Department, and there pursued his studies with his accustomed zeal and thoroughness. He also served for the prescribed time as clerk in a law office, and then was admitted to the bar and began the practice of law.
No profession is more crowded than the legal, and nowhere is it more crowded than in New York. Mr. Amundson did not, however, shrink from the intense competition which he knew he would find in the courts of the metropolis. He opened his office here and awaited clients. They came. His high ability, his unswerving integrity of character, his tact and energy in the prosecution of cases and the transaction of business com- mended him to all with whom he had dealings, and his enviable reputation was steadily extended. Among his clients he soon began to number many large corporations, mercantile establish- ments, and prominent individual citizens. He became especially notable for his management of large estates, and for his ability often to adjust grave disputes without expensive appeals to the courts.
Indeed, throughout his career, which has now led him high in the profession and in worldly success, Mr. Amundson has been distinguished for the same traits of self-reliance, energy, thor- oughness, sound judgment, and sterling integrity which marked his first efforts to obtain a liberal education.
Mr. Amundson takes an active interest in politics, as a Repub- lican. He belongs to a number of social, professional, and po- litical organizations, in which he is a positive and appreciated force. He was married in September, 1884, to Miss Carrie Mon- son, daughter of Curtis J. Monson of New Haven, Connecticut. He is now a widower, however, with one child, his daughter Elaine. He resides at the Hotel Majestic, at Central Park West and Seventy-second Street, New York.
·
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ALLEN STODDARD APGAR
T THE Apgar family, of Norman-French origin, was trans- planted from Europe to America more than a century and a half ago, in the person of John Adams Apgar, who came over in the ship Christian, and landed at Philadelphia on September 13, 1749. Thence he proceeded to German Valley, New Jersey, and there made his home. One of his direct descendants, Major John Lamerson Apgar, removed thence, in 1839, to Hartford, Connecticut, and was there prosperously engaged in the business of a contractor. He married, in 1840, Miss Mary Sophia Stod- dard, a member of the well-known Connecticut family of that name. Her first American ancestor, John Stoddard, came from England and settled at Wethersfield, Connectient, in 1640. Her maternal ancestor, Thomas Welles, was Governor of Con- nectient in 1655-58. Her grandmother, Dorothy Willard, was a descendant of Major Simon Willard, a distinguished soldier and civilian of colonial days. Other members of the family were prominent in the early history of the New England col- onies and States.
Allen Stoddard Apgar, son of John L. and Mary Stoddard Apgar, was born at Hartford, Connecticut, on November 4, 1841, and was educated in the public schools and high school of his native city. In 1859 he began business life in the book-store of Hutchinson & Bullard, in Hartford. Later he was employed by Geer & Pond in the same line of business. His business career was interrupted, however, by the Civil War, which led him into the naval service of the nation. He was appointed. on September 1, 1863, acting assistant paymaster in the United States navy, and was attached to the U. S. S. Fawn, one of
7
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ALLEN STODDARD APGAR
Admiral Porter's fleet of gunboats on the Mississippi River and adjacent waters.
On June 24, 1864, Mr. Apgar was in the pilot-house of the Fawn, in company with the only pilot of the vessel, during an engagement with General Shelby's Confederate forces, when two shells entered and exploded. The pilot was instantly killed. Mr. Apgar was, by a miraculous chance, uninjured. Seeing the urgent need of the moment, he seized the wheel and steered the gunboat during the remainder of the engagement; for which serviee he was especially mentioned in the report of the com- mander. After the close of the war, he was, on October 19, 1865, honorably mustered out of the service.
Returning North and reentering civil life, Mr. Apgar, in June, 1866, became a member of the staff of the Merchants' Exchange National Bank of New York. His first place was that of a bookkeeper, but promotions followed in due course. He was made assistant cashier in 1869, cashier in 1870, a director in 1878, and vice-president in 1891.
At the present time Mr. Apgar is vice-president and cashier of the Merchants' Exchange National Bank, treasurer and a director of the Preferred Accident Insurance Company, viee- president and director of the Kensico Cemetery, president and director of the Yost Writing Machine Company, president and director of the Montank Slate Company, and a director of the Greenwich Insurance Company, the North River Insurance Company, and the Worcester Salt Company.
Mr. Apgar is a member of the Union League Club, the Army and Navy Club, the Military Order of the Loyal Legicn, the Naval Order of the United States, the Naval Veterans' Associa- tion, George Washington Post G. A. R., the New England Society of New York, and the Ridgefield Club and the Country Club of Ridgefield, Connecticut. Mr. Apgar is married, his wife having formerly been Miss Mary J. Baker of Philadelphia. He is a Republican in politics, but has held no public office.
Marks. Anbei
3
MARKS ARNHEIM
M ARKS ARNHEIM, who for a quarter of a century has been one of the foremost figures in the tailoring trade of New York, and therefore of the United States, is of purely German ancestry on both sides of the house. His father, William Arnheim, was a merchant of Berlin, and in that city Marks Arnheim was born, on November 4, 1849. When he was only three years of age he was brought to the United States, where his life since has been spent.
The family settled in New York, and he was educated in the public schools of that city. On leaving school for business life, he at first worked for his brother Louis Arnheim, who had a mercantile establishment at Third Avenue and One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Street, New York. At the age of eighteen years he left his brother's employ and went West. That was in 1867. He traveled all over the United States for a number of years, finding employment in various places and at various occupations. He generally met with a fair degree of success, but not with enough to induce him to settle down.
Finally he turned his footsteps backward to New York, returning to that city in 1876. He had seen enough of the United States to cause him to prefer its metropolis, for business pur- poses, to any other place. He decided to engage in the tailoring trade, and accordingly, in the " centennial year," opened a mer- chant tailor's establishment at No. 192 Bowery. This venture was from the beginning highly successful, and soon, and later from time to time, the place had to be enlarged to make room for additional patronage.
On May 4, 1892, Mr. Arnheim removed his headquarters from the Bowery to Broadway, establishing himself in a superb four-
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MARKS ARNHEIM
story building on that great thoroughfare, at the corner of Ninth Street. In general plan, in ventilation, heating, sanitary arrangements, etc., this building is regarded as a model of excel- lence. Nothing seems to have been spared that would add to the comfort and welfare of the employees. Between these latter and their employer the pleasantest relations always exist, and Mr. Arnheim is therefore free from the industrial disturb- ances which so often elsewhere prevail.
In addition to his great tailoring business, Mr. Arnheim is interested in some iron-mines in the West. He has never been able to spare time for polities, but he is a member of several clubs, and is much interested in philanthropie works of various kinds. Among these latter is the Hebrew Orphan Asylum of New York. He is a member of the congregation of the Madison Avenue Hebrew Temple, at Madison Avenue and Sixty-fifth Street.
Mr. Arnheim was married, on April 25, 1880, to Miss Fanny Zorkowski, who has borne him two daughters and one son.
Ble, Buckles
CHARLES CHAPMAN BACKUS
THE Backus family, which has not been without distinction in many departments of American life, was founded in this country by William Backus, who settled at Saybrook, Connee- tieut, about 1635. He and his son Stephen were among the founders, in 1659, of what is now the handsome city of Norwich, Connecticut. The son of Stephen Backus, also named Stephen, migrated northward from Norwich, and, about the year 1700, founded the town of Canterbury, Connecticut. A later descen- dant, Timothy Backus, was for many years, at the middle of the eighteenth century, a leader in one of the then current theologi- cal controversies in New England. His son, Elisha Baekus, was a major in the Revolutionary army and fought at Bunker Hill ; while his son, Elisha Backus the younger, was, in turn, a colonel in the American army in the War of 1812. A son of this second Elisha Backus is the subject of the present sketch.
Charles Chapman Backus was born at Charlton, Saratoga County, New York, on March 13, 1816. He received a good education and engaged in the printing and publishing business. At the age of twenty-four years he became a member of the firm of Bennett, Backus & Hawley, at Utica, New York, doing a general printing and book-publishing business, and having the largest book-store in the State of New York outside of New York city. The firm also issued the " Baptist Register," which after- ward became the "Examiner" of New York city, and has long been one of the foremost religious periodicals in the country.
About the year 1840 the firm became enlisted in a new enter- prise as the Utica agents of an express business which then was just being established for the first time between Buffalo and New York, by Livingston, Wells & Pomeroy. This business at
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CHARLES CHAPMAN BACKUS
first consisted in nothing but the carrying of packages of money for the banks along the present route of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad, and its sole messenger was Henry Wells, who often carried the whole freight in a single hand-bag. The profits of the enterprise were so small in those early days that Mr. Wells was several times upon the point of abandoning it. He would doubtless have done so had not Mr. Backus be- come interested in it and incited him to persevere; for Mr. Backus saw with prophetic eye the vast future possibilities of such a business, and encouraged Mr. Wells.
After a time the business was enlarged, under Mr. Backus's in- spiration, so as to include the carrying of other articles than money. At first small articles of merchandise were taken which the senders desired to have transmitted with especial speed and care ; and gradually during the succeeding ten years a general express business, in the modern sense of the term, was orga- nized. Thus, very largely through the enterprise and energy of Mr. Backus, the great concern known as the American Express Company came into being, and he was chosen its first treasurer. Methods of communication, as well as of transportation, also aroused Mr. Backus's interest and obtained his attention. He gave much study and thought to telegraphy at the inception of the use of that force, and was especially interested in the House system of printing telegraphy. He was one of the original pro- moters of that system. This and other interests soon began to outgrow the Utica publishing business and book-store in impor- tance, and in 1847 he retired from the latter altogether. About 1850 he removed his residence permanently to New York city in order to be at the center of business operations.
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