USA > New York > The Minute men of '17 - a history of the service rendered during the recent world war by the Ninth Coast Artillery Corps, New York Guard and the Veteran Corps of Artillery, state of New York > Part 1
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THE MINUTE MEN
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The ts York Pulse Lien
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9th Court Goud NY Art. Com.
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The New York Public Library PORTOA LUNGA AND TILOEN FOUNDATIONS
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THE MINUTE MEN OF '17
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Copyright, 1922, by MEMORIAL AND PROPERTY COMMITTEE OF THE NINTH COAST ARTILLERY CORPS
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IT IS THE SAD DUTY OF THIS COMMITTEE TO ANNOUNCE THAT ON THE 1ST OF JULY, 1922, OUR REVERED HISTORIAN, LIEUTENANT ALEXANDER R. THOMPSON, DIED AT HIS HOME IN PENN YAN, N. Y.
Memorial and Property Committee of the Ninth Coast Artillery Corps.
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COLONEL JOHN ROSS DELAFIELD, D. S. M.
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THE MINUTE MEN OF '17
A HISTORY OF THE SERVICE RENDERED DURING THE RECENT WORLD WAR BY THE
Ninth Coast Artillery Corps NEW YORK GUARD and the
Veteran Corps of Artillery STATE OF NEW YORK
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Published by the MEMORIAL AND PROPERTY COMMITTEE OF THE NINTH COAST ARTILLERY CORPS 1922
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HEADQUARTERS, VETERAN CORPS OF ARTILLERY, 71st REGIMENT ARMORY.
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD, BY COL. GEORGE W. BURLEIGH
PAGE
1
INTRODUCTION, BY LIEUT. ALEX. R. THOMPSON 10
CHAPTER ONE-THE CALL TO ARMS 11
The Veteran Corps of Artillery-founded by officers of the Revolution-served in the War of 1812-present personnel and organization-desire to do its bit in the World War-Colonel Delafield's efforts-anti-aircraft activities-co-operation from Governors Island and elsewhere.
CHAPTER TWO-FILLING THE RANKS 17 Recruiting-tactical reorganization of the Artillery Service Detachment-drilling in the 71st Regt. Armory-character of recruits-batteries added from Brooklyn, Staten Island and Queens-Ceremonies at City Hall at welcome of French and British Commissions.
CHAPTER THREE-ARMS AND EQUIPMENT 26
The acquisition of Krag rifles-purchase of Lewis machine-guns-the raising of the Fund.
CHAPTER FOUR-THE COMMISSION FOR STUDY ABROAD 29 Information on up-to-date methods of anti-aircraft defense wanting-attempts to acquire same in U. S .- decision to send officers to Europe to procure same-aid and co-opera- tion of City, State and Nation-Gen. J. Franklin Bell's help, and his opinion of the Corps-French and British ambassadors furnish credentials.
CHAPTER FIVE-THE CAMP AT CITY ISLAND 35
Need for a military camp-selection of site-description-dates assigned to batteries- routine of camp duty-Capt. Gage's report-Fourth Battery in camp when call to Aqueduct duty came-closing of camp.
CHAPTER SIX-THE LOST ORDERS
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S. O. 198A, AGO 1917-Gen. Dyer consults Col. Delafield about men to help fill ranks of newly organized New York Guard, designed to take place of N.G.N.Y. called into Federal service-rumors of active service-assembly of Artillery Service Detachment at Armory Aug. 7-return of Fourth Battery from camp-call for volunteers-waiting at Armory for marching orders-officers of Prov. Batteries A and B-Entrainment Aug. 9-Peekskill-taking over posts along Aqueduct-replacements, and the work at Headquarters, 27 Cedar Street.
CHAPTER SEVEN-THE AQUEDUCT 58 Tour of duty of V. C. A. Aug. 7 to Sept. 17-667 men on pay-rolls-military survey of Aqueduct-location of Companies and Posts-A private's story-those who helped at Headquarters.
CHAPTER EIGHT-AS THE MEN SAW IT 72
· . A mess sergeant's narrative-excerpts from letters of enlisted men-"Recollections of a Sergeant"-"Song of the Aqueduct"-a sergeant's experience-"The Water Wagon"- a report (Sgt. W. W. Mack)-"the Minute Men of Today."
90 CHAPTER NINE-THE TRANSFER TO THE 9TH C. A. C. . Growth of the Artillery Service Detachment-statutory limitations-impracticability of remaining an anti-aircraft organization-transfer to New York Guard-G. O. 46, A. G. O. 1917-those who remained in the V. C. A .- official correspondence relating to the change-"A Toast." ix
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MINUTE MEN OF '17
CHAPTER TEN-THE NINTH-COLONEL DELAFIELD IN COMMAND . 100
PAGE Marching to the new Armory-Brooklyn and adjacent Queens men transfer to Brooklyn units of N. Y. G .- glorious history of the 9th Regiment-choice of officers-the new Ninth's first call to duty.
CHAPTER ELEVEN-THE SUPPLY COMPANY 107
Functions of a Supply Company-personnel-activities-paper-work-the Band-the Machine-Gun Company-personnel-the "9th Coast News."
CHAPTER TWELVE (I)-OFFICERS ABROAD . 113 Maj. Stoddard, Capt. Wilder and Lieut. Ward sail Aug. 29, 1917, for Bordeaux-Maj. Stoddard's narrative-Capt. Wilder's experience at the Artillery School at Arnou- ville-he is gassed-Lieut. Ward's services at Paris, etc .- he stays abroad and is fre- quently promoted and decorated-Maj. Stoddard and Capt. Wilder return to U. S .- the latter brevetted Major.
CHAPTER TWELVE (II)-THE ANTI-AIRCRAFT REPORT . 132 Transmitted through A. G., S. N. Y. to A. G., U. S. A .- synopsis of report.
CHAPTER THIRTEEN-THE WORK OF THE REGIMENT . 140
Varied activities-fire-fighting company-use of Armory by visiting troops, etc .- bayonet practice-Maj. Stoddard rejoins Regiment, commanding 2nd Battalion-1st Battalion as guard of honor to visiting Serbian Commission-2nd Battalion gives ex- hibition of riot drill and street formation at Madison Square Garden-formation of Woman's Auxiliary-Mrs. John Ross Delafield presents colors to Regiment.
CHAPTER FOURTEEN-IN TIME OF NEED . 152
Regiment furnishes speakers and battalion parades with music for Third Liberty Loan Drive-officers act as aides in Woman's Service Flag parade-the first State inspection- armory guard maintained-sudden call to meet the Anzacs-review by Gov. Whitman- funeral of Mayor Mitchel-drilling "Y" Secretaries-rifle practice-training school for officers at Camp Whitman-Maj. Hodges returns from Aqueduct duty and resumes command of 3rd Battalion-Col. Delafield relinquishes command to enter Federal service.
CHAPTER FIFTEEN-COLONEL BURLEIGH TAKES COMMAND 177
Col. Delafield appointed Major, O. D., U. S. A., and ordered to Disbursing Bureau- his appreciation of Col. Burleigh-other promotions-the Fourth Liberty Loan and the Regiment's part in it-the 1st Battalion on Russian Day-retirement of Adjutant David- son-review by Gen. Dyer-Machine-Gun Company surprises audience-review by Gen. Appleton-Inter-Company match on Armory rifle range-review by Gen. Scott.
CHAPTER SIXTEEN-FIELD DAYS AND RIFLE WORK 190
Field days at Van Cortlandt Park-constant practice on Armory rifle range-record of Regiment at Peekskill Range 1918-Lt. Col. Delafield given supervision of rifle practice Sept., 1918-preliminary instruction course-organizing rifle team for outdoor matches at Caldwell-records made in matches at Peekskill and Caldwell, 1919-ob- servations by an officer of the Ninth stationed at Caldwell.
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN-THE OLD NINTH RETURNS 215
Parade of welcome to returning "old Ninth"-review-dinner to returning veterans at Armory-Regiment takes part in tactical problem June 19, 1919-reports of Majors Hoes, Gage and Keyes-Col. Burleigh relinquishes command Oct. 2, 1919.
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN-LATER ACTIVITIES OF THE NINTH 227
Col. John J. Byrne takes command-problems of replacing time-expired men-"red" propaganda-recruiting campaign-vocational training-re-conversion of Regiment into Coast Artillery-improvements to Armory-Federalization.
CHAPTER NINETEEN-HOW THE NON-MANHATTAN UNITS OF THE V. C. A. AND 9TH. C. A. C. CAME INTO BEING . 233
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APPENDIX
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LIST OF OFFICERS AND MEN, ARTILLERY SERVICE DETACHMENT, VETERAN CORPS OF ARTILLERY, S. N. Y. 241
LIST OF OFFICERS AND MEN, 9TH C. A. C., N. Y. G. .
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MILITARY RECORDS OF OFFICERS OF THE V. C. A. AND 9TH C. A. C.
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FINANCIAL REPORTS, SPECIAL FUNDS, V. C. A. AND 9TH C. A. C.
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO SPECIAL FUND
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EXTRACT OF MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION, V. C. A. ON DISPOSITION OF SPECIAL FUND, ETC. 403
OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE CONCERNING ORGANIZATION OF ARTILLERY SERVICE DETACHMENT, V. C. A., AND THE FOREIGN MISSION . 406
SPECIAL ORDERS 198, A. G. O., 1917-ETC .. . 414
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Colonel John Ross Delafield
Frontispiece
Seventy-First Regiment Armory
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First Battalion, 9th C. A. C. in Hollow Square
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V. C. A. Guard of Honor, in City Hall 22
V. C. A., Color Guard, in City Hall
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Reception to the Prince of Udine 33
Colonel Delafield at City Island
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Laying out the Camp
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The Camp from Pelham Bay
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Tents
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Mess Hall
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Guard House
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The Krag Rifle
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Airing Tents
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Setting-up Exercises
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"At the Double"
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Machine-Gun Company, 9th. C. A. C.
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Captain Thebaud, Ordnance Officer
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Typical Post on the Aqueduct
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Headquarters Company
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Sentinels Challenging
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Inspecting a Culvert
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Lieutenant Taft's Headquarters
70
Capt. Praeger, Lieut. Sayers, Sgt. Hamilton
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Company A Street, Peekskill
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Peekskill-Back from Chow
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Peekskill, Aug. 9-Erecting Tents
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Captain Perry's Headquarters -- Elmsford
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Kensico Dam-Headquarters, Co. B
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Company B-Street and Cook-shack
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An Inspection Trip
89
The Foreign Mission
114
Scenes in France
118
Scenes in France
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The Devastated Area
. 124
Anti-Aircraft Material
. 126
American Officers at School, Arnouville
128
The Ubiquitous Barbed Wire
. 128
The Armory, 125 West 14th Street .
145
Second Battalion at Riot Drill
145
The Ninth in a Liberty Loan Parade
152
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xiii
John Purroy Mitchel
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The Funeral of John Purroy Mitchel
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Governor Charles S. Whitman
160
Y. M. C. A. Secretaries in Central Park
163
Lieut. Col. Burleigh and Staff with "Y" Secretaries
165
General Mann and Staff
166
Dinner to Major Stoddard at the Brevoort
173
A Lewis Machine-Gun at a County Fair .
174
Lt. Col. Burleigh and Officers at Camp Whitman
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Col. Delafield and Officers at Camp Whitman
175
Colonel George W. Burleigh .
176
Colonel Burleigh and his Staff
193
During a Rest-period
194
Equitation School, Camp Whitman
195
Band of the 9th C. A. C., N. Y. G., at Princeton
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Lieutenant Colonel Edward C. Delafield .
200
Brigadier-General George R. Dyer
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New York Day at Caldwell, N. J.
208
Post 8, Co. A., North of Tuckahoe Road
214
2nd Lieutenant Alexander R. Thompson, Historian
225
Colonel John J. Byrne
226
Captain Theodore T. Lane, (Dec'd.)
232
Third Battery, V. C. A., at Borough Hall, St. George
234
Captains Howland Pell and Theodore T. Lane
323
At Headquarters of Company B
323
Major-General John F. O'Ryan
324
Governor Alfred E. Smith
325
Adjutant General Stotesbury
326
Adjutant General Sherrill
326
Adjutant General Berry .
326
Asst. Adjutant General Westcott
326
Officers' Portraits (opposite their Military Records)
328 to 390
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Along the Aqueduct 322
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FOREWORD
By Colonel George W. Burleigh, New York National Guard, formerly Colonel commanding the Ninth Coast Artillery Corps, New York Guard
T HE opportunity which has come to me to write the foreword to this most interesting history is not only a pleasure but a distinct honor, which is deeply appreciated. It does not often fall to a man's lot to have an opportunity for both praise and thanksgiving, an opportunity to praise his comrades united for a patriotic service to State and Nation, and an opportunity for thanksgiving because it was given to him to be one of them.
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John Ross Delafield recruited, and by his splendid enthusiasm, called into being twelve provisional batteries of the Veteran Corps of Artillery, State of New York, a selected body of men who were instilled with a fervent patriotism and an ardent desire for service. I doubt if there was ever a finer body of men gathered together, or one more carefully selected, consolidated into a regi- ment and trained for their very especial duty, than these men of the Veteran Corps of Artillery, S. N. Y., and the Ninth Coast Artil- lery Corps of the New York Guard. It was my good fortune to inherit this command from Colonel Delafield and to "carry on" with it. As I think of the results obtained, acknowledged not only by our own associates, but by all those who knew the Ninth, I am more and more thrilled by the remarkable team work of the organ- ization. Every officer and man was eager to do his best and to con- tribute his effort to the making of the regiment. Its morale, its
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esprit de corps, its discipline and efficiency were due to team work. I do not believe there existed anywhere a better coordinated, more willing and enthusiastic, more studious and earnest, and more sym- pathetic group than that which composed the Ninth Coast Artil- lery Corps, the history of which for more than two years of the World War is contained within the following pages.
The history, no doubt, has its shortcomings. Many members of the organization may criticize it; but for many more it will hold pleasure and interest because of its reminder of those more per- sonal incidents which stir the heart. Each one of us has some personal memories of the many episodes and facts only just touched upon here.
The historian has done well, and every one of us should be grateful to Lieutenant Alexander R. Thompson, New York Guard, Retired, that genial, hardworking and effective Sergeant of the early days, the historian of the organization.
The emergency called for unusual methods. When, as the twelve provisional batteries of the Veteran Corps of Artillery, State of New York, we were anxious to qualify as Anti-Aircraft Artillery, it became necessary to apply to the Federal authorities for equip- ment and opportunity for instruction. With the consent of the State military authorities, we were permitted to operate outside the military channel and communicate direct with Washington. This enabled us to act quickly and get results.
It gives us great pleasure to take this opportunity to thank our friends who interested themselves in the undertaking, especially those able officers of the Army, Navy and Marine Corps who contributed so willingly of their advice and assistance, even while their own time was so filled with arduous duties in preparation for war. The greatest credit is due Major General Leonard Wood for his foresight in giving encouragement and approval to the whole plan. His successor commanding the Department of the East, Major General J. Franklin Bell, continued this support for the Corps, frequently gave his advice and attention to the details of the Organization and its military problems, and obtained for it
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FOREWORD
from the War College the documents relating to anti-aircraft artil- lery which were of the greatest value.
One of those who stood ready at all times was Captain Noble E. Irwin, United States Navy, later commanding the U. S. S. Oklahoma, then chief of aviation of the Navy. One of the many things he did was to furnish the writer with a report on aviation and anti-aircraft defense on the very day of its official delivery into his hands by Captain, now Rear-Admiral Joseph L. Jayne, U. S. N., who had just arrived from the Naval Air Station at Pensacola, Florida, of which he had charge. Of course, all information fur- nished us by anybody was supplied with the full approval and con- sent of the Secretaries of War and of the Navy, and generally upon recommendation of the Chief of Staff of the Army or Chief of Naval Operations for the Navy and was held confidential. Admiral William S. Benson, then Chief of Naval Operations of the Navy, was also most willing to approve and to help. He even consented to the loan by the Navy Department of some one pounders for instruction and drill. But the necessity for arming scout boats, merchant marine and various other craft was found to demand any- thing that could fire a shot, so that the offer made to us had to be withdrawn.
Rear-Admiral Nathaniel R. Usher, U. S. N., then Commandant of the New York Navy Yard, aided in many ways, especially in giving us an opportunity to advise with him and to study the new anti-aircraft guns of the Navy, and Captain John D. McDonald, then commanding the U. S. S. Arizona, now Rear-Admiral and Commandant of the New York Navy Yard, placed the anti-aircraft guns just installed on the Arizona at our disposal and detailed gunners to demonstrate and instruct us in their use. Rear-Admiral Charles J. Badger, President of the General Board of the Navy, stood by with kindly advice and directions as to both personnel and materiel and evidenced a very sympathetic interest. Rear-Admiral Ralph Earle, U. S. N., Chief of Ordnance of the Navy, advised and helped in every way possible. While the material results we were able to accomplish seemed small, it was in great part due to
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the lack of preparedness on the part of the United States Govern- ment and to the necessity for their using everything that could be used for the hurried defense of Government vessels, plants and properties. There was very little left for an organization such as ours. Nevertheless these officers, as well as those officers of the Army hereafter mentioned, were very helpful in their advice and encouragement and moral support, even if it were impossible for them to do more.
We wish to thank Major-General George Barnett, then Com- mandant of the Marine Corps, and the members of his Staff for advice and aid in connection with machine gun practise, especially as to the Lewis gun which the Marine Corps had adopted. We hold in grateful remembrance gallant Major Edward B. Cole, U. S. Marine Corps who permitted us to copy the machine gun drill and instructions which he had prepared after two years of special study and training. Major Cole took the first Machine Gun Battalion abroad. It was equipped with Lewis machine guns mounted upon the Marine Corps Cygnet hand truck. Their equip- ment was similar to that which we had purchased for our- selves, except that their Lewis guns were of U. S. calibre while ours were British .303. Cole was killed during a machine gun attack while trying to save his men from the disastrous effects of a hand grenade which the Huns had hurled among them. He picked the grenade up to throw it back, and it exploded just before leaving his hand. We must not forget Major John J. Dooley, U. S. M. C., head of the machine gun school of the United States Marine Corps at Utica, New York. He furnished us with oppor- tunities for instruction, several of our officers and men attended his school, and Major Dooley kept us up to date on machine gun data, furnishing us with instruction books and "dope" sheets. Lieutenant- Colonel William C. Harllee, U. S. M. C. also was generous in the opportunities given for rifle practice on the Navy Ranges, and while he was stationed at Caldwell, New Jersey, we operated very closely with him. Several of our officers were detailed on active duty at
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FOREWORD
the range to learn the game and become proficient in. rifle and pistol practise and its instruction, and in range operation.
The War Department and the United States Army cooperated with us in a very remarkable degree in ways which, as I contem- plate them now, seem almost beyond belief, especially when we think how busy every officer was at that time, doing the work of many, and straining every effort to get the country prepared. One of the earliest to help us, beside those specifically mentioned in the history, was Brigadier-General William A. Mann, then Chief of the Militia Bureau. We needed rifles badly. We had been in close consultation with Major-General Hugh L. Scott, U. S. A., then Chief of the General Staff of the Army, and with Major- General William Crozier, Chief of the Bureau of Ordnance, as to the possibility of obtaining rifles. General Mann was coming to New York to address the National Guard Officers' Convention in the 71st Regiment Armory. General Scott telegraphed me to meet him with Colonel Delafield, and we had a long conference, the result of which was the organization of the 1790 Rifle Club almost over night. This enabled us ultimately to purchase the Krag rifles with which we were armed. Colonel, now Brigadier-General Edwin B. Babbitt, then Assistant to General Crozier, consulted with us, and I suspect that it was through his good offices and that of Major, now Colonel John H. Rice, that the Chief of Ordnance allowed us to have some blue prints of guns and mounts. Per- mission was given to order a 3-inch anti-aircraft gun mount from the Bethlehem Steel Company to be made along with the Govern- ment order. General Scott, as Chief of the General Staff, was probably the deciding factor that enabled us to send the Com- mission of three officers overseas and helped very materially to straighten out some diplomatic problems which had arisen after the three men had sailed. Brigadier-General Henry P. McCain, then Adjutant-General of the Army, facilitated this mission in every way possible.
But our friends were not entirely within the Military. The Hon. Frank L. Polk, and the Hon. William Phillips, of the State Depart-
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ment, were of tremendous help in sending the mission over and in expediting passports and papers. This military mission of three Militia officers sent abroad under the auspices of the War Depart- ment, expedited by the State Department, and facilitated by the British and French Embassies is, to my mind, one of the startling and surprising accomplishments of the War. On arrival abroad, they cooperated at once with the officers of the United States Army who had arrived there only a very short time before and assisted in the establishment of the great Anti-aircraft School at Arnouville. In this connection we wish to express our appreciation of the courtesy shown and the assistance rendered by Captains G. F. Humbert and Glenn P. Anderson of the U. S. Coast Artillery who did everything in their power to forward the work of the Commission. Grateful acknowledgment is also due to Commandant Pachezey and his officers. One of the Commis- sion was probably the first officer in American uniform to be gassed. They brought back with them for the use of the War Department many confidential reports and circulars of information issued by the British and French Governments which the United States did not then have, and they finally made a detailed report to the War Department which was not only approved and accepted, but became a part of the instruction at the Army Artillery School at Fort Monroe. While these men went abroad as members of the Veteran Corps of Artillery, State of New York, they were, shortly after their arrival, transferred by cable to the Ninth Coast Artillery Corps, New York Guard, and operated as such. I have heard from many sources how nearly impossible it would have been for this mission to accomplish what it did had it not been for the diplomacy and resourcefulness of Lieutenant Cabot Ward, who was later Lieutenant-Colonel, United States Army and a member of the General Staff of the American Expeditionary Force. He has just been officially rated as one of three hundred officers of the United States Army qualified to serve on the General Staff without further schooling. Cabot Ward is still in Paris, and is Vice-President of the Paris Post of the American Legion. I men-
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FOREWORD
tion him specifically because of the wonderfully fine work he has performed.
We also received great assistance from the British Ambassador, Sir Cecil Arthur Spring-Rice, and his Naval Attaché, Capt. G. Gaunt, R. N., both of whom took an active interest in what we hoped to accomplish, and forwarded special messages respecting the Mission by post and cable to England.
Last and by no means least, we shall be ever grateful to the Ambassador of France, Mr. Jules J. Jusserand, Dean of the Diplo- matic Corps and beloved by American and Frenchman everywhere, for it was he who facilitated by personal cable messages the entry of our military mission into France, and his recommendations furthered its work materially. Well do I remember the day I took Cabot Ward to see him just previous to the Commission's departure, and how quickly His Excellency saw the value of our mission, gave it his approval, and promised every assistance which he afterwards most generously fulfilled. The Lieutenant and the Ambassador had an extended conversation in French in which they no doubt covered much ground of advantage to the mission which helped wonderfully when the Lieutenant arrived in France.
If I have failed to mention anybody, I hope he will not take it amiss and will accept the thanks and appreciation of the officers and men of the Ninth Coast Artillery Corps, New York Guard, even as we express it to those we have mentioned by name.
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