USA > New York > Kings County > Brooklyn > The civil, political, professional and ecclesiastical history, and commercial and industrial record of the county of Kings and the city of Brooklyn, N. Y., from 1683 to 1884, Volume II > Part 1
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1683
HISTORY
Ino's Kounfy,
INCLUDING
BROOKLYN N.Y.
1884
F 177 K5585+ v.2
CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
3 1924 088 998 061
Date Due
JAN 2 4 1948 H 0
R R JAN 4_ 58'
RR VAR 3164
16.84
JUL 1 3 1966 M P
NCF
기획부
1
1975 8
DEC 91 1998
Presented to Cornell University Library, by Ns A. E. Summer, Ithaca, n.y.
January 12, 1885
SIVE
HISTORY
#:IS THE
WITNESS
OF
TIME
1667
FLATLANDS
1645
GRAVESEND
1662
1667
NEW UTRECHT
1677
NEW. LOTS
1652
1667
FLATBUSH
1646
BROOKLYN
HISTORYOf KINGS COUNTY NY
VIEW OF THE NEW YORK AND BROOKLYN (EAST RIVER) BRIDGE.
Y
1865
UN
ED
A.D
Cornell University Library
The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library.
There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text.
http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924088998061
1683
-
TO
1883
01
HISTORY Of KINGS
C
CEEELLIS
HI LONG ISLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY BUILDING
PAL BUILDING
BROOKL N.Y.
WW MUNSELL & CO. BROOKLYN AND NEWYORK
HROCERS DA
CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
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TABLE OF CONTENTS.
THE COMMERCE OF BROOKLYN, . By L. P. Brockett, M. D. 633 THE MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OF BROOKLYN AND KINGS CO., By L. P. Brockett, M. D. 668 THE ARCHITECTS, BUILDERS AND REAL ESTATE AGENTS IN BROOKLYN, By L. P. Brockett, M. D. 829 ETC., ETC., . . . By The Editor. 865
. UNITED STATES INTERESTS IN KINGS COUNTY: POST-OFFICE, NAVY YARD, FORTS, INTERNAL REVENUE,
THE MEDICAL PROFESSION OF THE CITY OF BROOKLYN, 1822 TO 1884, (OLD SCHOOL.) By Frank B. Greene, M. D. 886
RISE AND PROGRESS OF HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINE IN KINGS COUNTY, By R. C. Moffat, M. D. 905 HISTORY OF THE ECLECTIC SCHOOL OF MEDICINE IN BROOKLYN, 917 HOSPITALS, DISPENSARIES, ETC., . Compiled under the direction of the Editor. THE PROFESSION OF DENTISTRY IN KINGS COUNTY AND BROOKLYN, Compiled under the direction of the Editor. 941
THE HISTORY OF HIGHER EDUCATION, PRIVATE SCHOOLS, ETC., IN BROOKLYN, Compiled under the direction of the Editor. 950 FISH CULTURE ON LONG ISLAND, By Eugene G. Blackford, Esq. 963 BROOKLYN MARKETS, . . By the Editor. 971
THE CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS OF KINGS COUNTY AND BROOKLYN, Compiled under the direction of the Editor. 973
THE ECCLESIASTICAL ORGANIZATIONS OF THE CITY OF BROOKLYN, Compiled under the direction of the Editor. 993
HISTORY OF THE SUNDAY-SCHOOL WORK IN BROOKLYN,
1090
MISSIONARY, BIBLE, TRACT AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS FOR CHRISTIAN WORK, Compiled under the direction of the Editor. 1100 THE FINE ARTS IN BROOKLYN, By Gabriel Harrison, Esq. 1137
THE PROGRESS OF THE DRAMA, OPERA, MUSIC AND ART IN BROOKLYN, By Gabriel Harrison, Esq. 1105 THE AMATEUR DRAMATIC ASSOCIATIONS OF BROOKLYN, Compiled under the direction of the Editor. PHOTOGRAPHY IN BROOKLYN, .
1162
. Compiled under the direction of the Editor. 1166 THE HISTORY OF THE PRESS OF BROOKLYN AND KINGS COUNTY, By Hon. W. E. Robinson.
(Supplemented by the Editor.) 1169 THE BENCH AND BAR OF BROOKLYN, By L. B. Proctor, Esq. 1213
HISTORY OF THE MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS OF KINGS COUNTY, Compiled under direction of the Editor. 1194 NOTES ON LITERATURE AND SCIENCE IN BROOKLYN, . . By the Editor. 1301 THE SPORTING AND ATHLETIC CLUBS OF KINGS COUNTY,
Compiled under direction of the Editor. 1336
THE BENEFICENT AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS OF BROOKLYN AND KINGS COUNTY, Compiled under direction of the Editor, 1346
HOTELS AND BATHING ESTABLISHMENTS IN KINGS COUNTY, . 1358 GENERAL TRADE AND MERCHANDISE IN BROOKLYN AND KINGS COUNTY. 1362
LIST OF PORTRAITS.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Jeremiah P. Robinson
Facing 639
William Beard .
638
John S. Turner.
818
Franklin Woodruff
642
James Binns (dec'd) Facing 820
Abiel A. Low
647 Nathan Barney.
8258
Alexander E. Orr 648
Hon. Eben Moody Boynton Facing 825
827ª
Richard Harrison Laimbeer
652
Isaac A. Ketcham
Facing 829ª
James W. Elwell
66
656
Robert Speir
832ª
Daniel Ambrose, M. D
658
H. S. Christian
834
Charles Dennis
660
Horace F. Burroughs
836
Isaac F. Chapman
661
John Morton
837
James McChesney
662
Elbert Snedeker
Facing
838
Elihu Spicer, Jr.
663
Bernard Gallagher
838
Joseph J. O'Donohue
664
John D. Anderson
839
Timothy Hogan
667
George W. Brown
839
William Dick .. Facing
672
John Lee
840
William R. Taylor
680
George W. Brandt.
841
William Taylor Facing
685
James Rodwell,
841
James A. Taylor
686
J. W. Campbell
842
Daniel Y. Saxtan
687
William G. Creamer
692
William Cabble (deceased) . Facing
695
Edward Freel ..
843
Elijah Cabble "
696
John S. Frost 844
Harvey W. Peace 700
Enoch Ketcham
702
Leonard Richardson
713
John H. O'Rourke 847
Hon. William Wall.
"
719
Frederick Herr 848
Charles Wall (deceased)
720
John Doherty Facing
848
Michael W. Wall
721
Daniel McCabe
849
John Good.
Robert Thomas
850
William H. Mairs
60
727
Martin Worn
732
Benjamin C. Miller
Facing 855
The Fingleton Brothers (Patrick J., Henry W., and Hugh S . Facing
733
Edwin H. Burnett
856
A. S. Barnes Facing
741
Jacob Rapelye (deceased)
Facing 859
Hosea O. Pearce
745
Leonard Moody, (Biog. 860)
866ª
Henry O. Pearce
747 James C. Eadie.
"
860
George B. Forrester
Facing
757
William O. Sumner
861
Thomas C. Smith
766.
Ephraim J. Jennings
769
Julius Davenport 862
Michael Seitz.
773
Chester D. Burrows, Jr. Facing 864
Francis H. Holton Facing
774
Col. James McLeer 868
Alanson Trask
785
Hon. William H. Lyon Facing 874
Paul Weidmann
788
Augustus C. Tate 877
Edward Smith Facing
789
Gen. Alfred C. Barnes. Facing 878
Edwin Bulkley
880
James D. Leary . Facing
798 Aaron D. Farmer
66
883
Herinann Wischmann
801
Daniel C. Robbins.
884
Sylvester M. Beard 802
Jeremiah J. Rappelyea (deceased)
886
Robinson Gill 805
Joseph C. Hutchison, M. D.
894
Andrew D. Baird
805
Samuel Fleet Speir, M. D 895
J. K. Brick (deceased)
807
Llomer L. Bartlett, M. D 896
Abraham G. Jennings
809
Ferd. W. Ostrander, M. D
66
897
651
Charles Feltman (Biog. 199)
828ª
Gen. Francis E. Pinto
654
William Irvine Preston
Patrick F. O'Brien Facing 842
Thomas B. Rutan 843
John Rome. 845
James Weaver Facing 846
Benjamin T. Lynch
851
Chester Bedell
66
855
John S. Loomis 737 Lindsay James Wells
857
Nicholas Cooper 861
Ithamar Du Bois 792
George M. Eddy 795
Henry C. Hulbert
881
723
M. J. Seelig 816
Harrison S. Vining.
LIST OF PORTRAITS-Continued.
PAGE.
Cornelius Olcott, M. D. Facing 897
Hon. Thomas Kinsella (deceased). Facing 1185
Thomas P. Norris, M. D.
900
Col. William Hester
1187
George Wackerhagen, M. D
Facing
901
Hon. Wm. Erigena Robinson 1190
George R. Fowler, M. D
902
John T. Runcie. .(Biog. 608) 66
1192
Edward C. Mann, M. D
66
903ª
Maj .- Gen. Thomas S. Dakin (deceased) .. 1206
Edward S. Bunker, M. D 903
Thomas L. Smith, M. D
904
Hon. Benjamin F. Tracy. "
1222
Wm. M. L. Fiske, M. D 66
910
Hon. Benjamin D. Silliman 1229
David A. Gorton, M. D.
915
Samuel Bowne Duryea.
1232
S. T. Birdsall, M. D.
916
Gen. Harmanus B. Duryea
66
1233
Dennis E. Smith, M. D. 918
Samuel D. Morris
1236
Wm. H. Bowlsby, M. D
919
Thomas G. Shearman, Esq.
66
1275
Chauncey L. Mitchell, M. D.
933
Judge Calvin E. Pratt.
1278
John Byrne, M. D
934
George W. Fraim . 946
947
David Salmon Skinner
949
Tunis G. Bergen, Esq.
1286
Charles Claghorn Facing
960
Charles H. Rivers
962
Eugene G. Blackford.
Facing
967
Benjamin W. West
969
Rufus L. Scott
1291
Samuel L. Storer Facing
970
Samuel B. Miller
970
Hon. William H. Waring
1294
Rev. Samuel M. Haskins, D. D.
1008
Andrew J. Perry Facing
1295
Rev. Richard S. Storrs, D. D.
1016
Rev. Henry Ward Beecher 1020
Very Rev. William Keegan.
"
1047
Rev. Sylvester Malone. 1050
Rev. Thomas De Witt Talmage, D. D.
1063
Albert Woodruff. Facing
1091
Eli Robbins
1102
John A. Voorhees
1343
Amos Robbins 1103
Frederick Loeser
1104-
Gabriel Harrison 66
1152
Charles Storrs
1158
Augustus Young. 1160
G. Frank E. Pearsall Facing 1167
William H. Marston
1384
Hon. Demas Barnes 1172
Col. Henry E. Roehr
Facing
1175
Bernard Peters.
1177
John J. Hardy
Facing
1394
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE.
The N. Y. and Brooklyn Bridge-Frontispiece.
Atlantic Docks and Basin 636
The Niagara Direct-Acting Pump 684
Columbian Iron Works 685
E. W. Bliss' Machine Shop and Foundries 689
E. W. Bliss' Residence, "Owl's Head" ... Facing 688
The William Cabble Excelsior Wire Works 696
The H. W. Peace Co.'s Vulcan Saw Works. 699
Schwalbach & Obrig's Factory. 704
E. G. Webster & Bro.'s Silver-Plating Works 707
Wm. Wall & Son's Rope and Cordage Works .. 718
John Good's Ropemaking Machinery Establishm't 723
Wm. H. Mairs & Co.'s Paper Hanging Manuf'y. 724
Martin Worn & Sons' Furniture Warehouse 731
J. S. Loomis' Moulding and Planing Mill 736
D. Appleton & Co.'s Book Bindery 739
1296
A. Orville Millard 1297
Robert Van Buren, C. E. (Biog. 594) 1326
Nelson Sizer 1330
Julius E. Meyer 1333
Hon. Albert Daggett . Facing 1334
James Schenck 1345
1360
William Harkness Facing 1379
George W. Coger
1381
Ezra B. Tuttle Facing 1385
Charles H. Reynolds 1386
Isaac Van Anden (deceased) 1183
932
Hon. Jasper W. Gilbert
Lucien Birdseye Facing 1281
Winchester Britton
1283
E. H. Hobbs
1285
Hon. George L. Thompson
1288
Walter L. Livingston, Esq
1289
Timothy Perry. Facing 1290
Edmund Terry.
1292
Rt. Rev. Abram N. Littlejohn, D. D Facing
1012
John M. Stearns
Brewster Kissam Facing
Charles N. Peed
Louis Bossert 1383
1293ª
William Henry Dudley, M. D Facing
1240
Salmon Skinner (deceased)
Gen. Quincy Adams Gillmore 1207
PAGE.
PAGE.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS-Continued.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Pearce & Hall's Hat Factory. 746
The Union Porcelain Works and Wares 763
Hetfield & Ducker's Cracker Manufactory 770
Charles A. Schieren & Co.'s Manufactory 781
George M. Eddy & Co.'s Manufactory. 793
O. F. Hawley's Manufactory 797
F. W. Wurster's Factory 800
John J. Green's Monumental Works. 804
Brooklyn Clay Retort and Fire Brick Works 806
A. G. Jennings & Sons' Lace Works 808
Charles S. Higgins' Soap Manufactory 811
Charles W. Held's Piano Warerooms 812
F. Rochow's Patent Compound Steam Engine. 822
August Moll's Manufactory 823
E. M. Boynton's Saw and File Co 823
Downing & Lawrence's Marine Railway 824
Barney's Automatic Dumping-Boat 826ª
Ketcham's Submarine Torpedo-Boat
828ª
Arms of the United States
"Sea-Breeze,"-Residence of S. F. Speir, M. D. Facing
895
"Fenimore"-Residence of H. L. Bartlett, M. D. Facing
896
St. Catharine's Hospital 928
Long Island College Hospital 929
St. Mary's General Hospital 934
Dr. Skinner's Residence
948
Packer Collegiate Institute 951
Adelphi Academy 954
S. John's (R. C.) College 955
Academy of the Visitation (R. C.). 957
Brooklyn Orphan Asylum. 973
First Building of the Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor
975
Present Building of same 975
The Graham Institution 976
The Brooklyn Nursery 977
The Baptist Home 978
Orphan House of the Church Charity Foundation. 979
St. John's Hospital, Church Charity Foundation, 979 Newsboy's Home. 980
Home for Friendless Women and Children 983
Hebrew Orphan Asylum. 984
Brooklyn Industrial Home 985
Brooklyn Industrial School and Home (E. D.) .. 985 Inebriates' Home 989
St. John's (R. C.) Male Orphan Asylum 991
First Reformed Church. 993
Greenpoint Reformed Church 996
Lee Avenue Reformed Church .
997
Cottage where the Lee Ave. Reformed Church originated 997
The Second St. Ann's (P. E.) Church 999
The Present St. Ann's (P. E.) Church 1000
Church of Holy Trinity (P. E.) 1002
Grace (P. E.) Church. 1004
Church of the Pilgrims (Cong.) 1015
Plymouth Church (Cong.). 1018
Plymouth Church Bethel (Cong.) 1021
Central Congregational Church 1025
Puritan (Cong.) Church. 1026
Sands Street (M. E.) Church 1030
Simpson (M. E.) Church 1033
First Place (M. E.) Church 1035
St. John's (M. E.) Church 1035
Fleet Street (M. E.) Church 1036
Willoughby Avenue (M. E.) Church 1038
Nostrand Avenue (M. E.) Church 1039
Grace (M. E.) Church. 1040
Central (M. E.) Church. 1041
Park Avenue (P. M.) Church. 1043
The Art Association Building.
1136
Organ in Tabernacle Pres. Church 1061
South Third Street Pres. Church 1065
The Old Franklin Avenue Pres. Church 1066
Lafayette Avenue Pres. Church 1068
Ross Street Pres. Church. 1069
Throop Avenue Pres. Church 1070
Memorial Pres. Church
1071
Noble Street Pres. Church 1072
First Baptist Church
Pierrepont Street Baptist Church. 1075
Central Baptist Church 1077
Washington Avenue Baptist Church. 1078
Greenwood Baptist Church 1079
Centennial Baptist Church 1079
Sixth Avenue Baptist Church 1080
Greenpoint Baptist Church. 1081
First Baptist Church (E. D.). 1082
St. Matthew's Eng. Lutheran Church. 1084
Church of the Savior (Unitarian) 1086
The Old Suydam House 1099
Mr. G. Frank E. Pearsall's Photograph Studio .. 1168
The Eagle Office 1181
The Garfield Building 1300
The Brooklyn Institute. 1303
The Long Island Historical Society's Building. 1305
The Pierrepont House 1359
Wechsler & Abraham's New Stores 1363
James Weir's Conservatories and Green-Houses. Richard Shannon's Green-Houses 1365
1364
James Dean's Green-Houses 1365
Johnston Bros.' Stores (4 cuts) 1368
John Harrison's Grocery Establishment
1369
A. & S. Haviland & Co.'s Stores 1370
Henry Schade's Silver-Plating Factory.
1372
Cowperthwait Co.'s Furniture Warehouses 1373
Jesse A. Crandall's Manufactory 1373
M. Webster & Sons' Warerooms 1374
Joseph J. Byers' Shoe Store 1376
William Harkness' Stores 1379
Louis Bossert's Manufactory 1382
S. Tuttle's Son & Co.'s Coal Yards. 1385
C. H. Reynolds' Coal and Wood Yards.
1387
1075
THE COMMERCE OF BROOKLYN.
BY
I.P. Brackett M.L
U NLIKE any other great seaport of our country, or the world, Brooklyn and the county of Kings has no separate existence as a port of entry; but, while possessing an unrivaled water front, with the most magnificent docks and piers in the world, and an unlimited capacity for expansion, till it may be able to receive and store the entire products of a continent, it suffers the humiliation of knowing that all this vast commerce is credited to New York City; and that there does not exist either in the New York Custom House, the reports of the Produce Exchange, or the New York Chamber of Commerce, or, indeed, in the records of any government or mercantile office, the data for giving to Brooklyn its quota of credit for her share in this immense traffic, which has no rival on this side of the globe.
Yet our statistics of the Brooklyn commerce as com- pared with that of New York-statistics collected with infinite labor and pains, and the comparison of the business of the largest shipping houses with the returns of the commerce of the port of New York, officially rendered, show the following facts, viz .:
1. That the arrivals and departures of shipping, both sail and steam, at the wharves, piers and docks of Brooklyn, are to New York arrivals and departures as 9 to 7.
2. That the grain receipts and shipments at Brook- lyn warehouses, and by ships loading and unloading at Brooklyn piers, docks and wharves, are in proportion of 76 to 24 of those of New York.
3. That the proportion of receipts and shipments of provisions is very nearly 80 for Brooklyn to 20 for New York.
4. That the receipts of raw sugars and molasses, from all quarters, go to the Brooklyn warehouses for transfer to the Brooklyn sugar refineries, almost wholly; hardly ten per cent. being received in New York.
5. That the receipts and shipments of cotton are nearly one-half at and from Brooklyn warehouses.
6. That the greater part of the petroleum oils, all ex- cept those for the refineries on the Jersey side, come
through the Standard Oil Company's pipes to the refin- eries in Williamsburg and Long Island City, and the shipments to foreign and to other American ports, go from the refineries direct on ship-board, without touch- ing New York city, either in receipt or shipment. The whole, or nearly the whole, of the petroleum traffic be- longs to Brooklyn.
7. The proportion of the receipts and shipments of general merchandise are the most difficult to ascertain. There are many large warehouses in New York which have, for a long term of years, received the bulk of certain articles known under this general denomina- tion; but it is doubtful if there are not more in Brook- lyn. In general, it may be said, that the greater part of the imported dress goods and dry goods come to New York warehouses; that, of imported metals-iron, steel, copper, lead, zinc and tin-about two-thirds come to Brooklyn; that teas and raw silk come generally to New York; but coffee, spices, cocoa, chocolate, flax, hemp, jute, cordage and the materials of which it is made, argols, medicinal barks, crude camphor, chemi- cals, bleaching powder, medicinal gums,dyewoods, dried and salted fish, guano, gypsum and fertilizers gener- ally, India rubber, indigo, madder, oils, sulphur, bread- stuffs, bristles, dried fruits, glass, leather and manufac- tures of leather, paints, potatoes, salt, provisions, salt- petre, seeds, soda and salts of soda, manufactures of tin, tobacco, and perhaps of spirituous liquors, watches, wool and woolen rags, belong more properly to the Brooklyn warehouses; while books, paintings, jewelry, perfumery, paper, cabinet furniture and woods, musi- cal instruments, etc., etc., are more generally sent to the New York warehouses. In general merchandise, while the bulk is very largely on the side of Brooklyn,
as nearly as can be estimated, taking the average of the past three years, New York city has about 44 per cent. of the values, and Brooklyn about 56 per cent. This covers the whole imports, and much of the ex- ports. We may remark, however, that the limited ex- tent and moderate storage room of the New York warehouses, which are contiguous to the docks and
634
HISTORY OF KINGS COUNTY.
provided with elevators, and other means of rapid loading and unloading, causes all of our exports which are of considerable bulk, to be brought to the Brooklyn warehouses, which are of immense and constantly in- creasing extent, and lying directly at the edge of the docks and piers, and can transfer entire cargoes to ves- sels without employing a single truck. Thus, one of the great shipping houses occupy 52 large warehouses, all on the Brooklyn side, besides extensive covered piers, still more convenient for loading and unloading. Another has 28 such warehouses. This is particularly true of the loading and unloading of grain for export. We have stated the amount of grain handled in Brook- lyn and put on board vessels at Brooklyn docks, as 76 per cent. of the whole; but we do not mean to be under- stood that the remaining 24 per cent. goes into New York warehouses. Not at all. We have serious doubts whether, as matters are now arranged, 1,000,000. bushels of grain go into New York warehouses in a year; that from the Erie, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, Lackawanna & Western R. R.'s comes to Hoboken, or Jersey City, and is taken up by elevators there in the warehouses on the Jersey side, and from thence trans- ferred to the ships. That from the Erie, Delaware and Hudson, Morris and Raritan canals, and from Albany barges, sailing vessels and steamers, goes mostly to Brooklyn direct, or is picked up by the floating ele- vators, and loaded on vessels either at Brooklyn or New York wharves and docks. The New York Central and Hudson River R. R. has one or more elevators of its own, but very much of the grain brought on its cars is lightered or brought by floating elevators direct to the Brooklyn warehouses.
In regard to the grain receipts and shipments, Brooklyn has virtual control of the trade. All of the regular grain warehouses recognized by the New York Produce Exchange are in Brooklyn All of the float- ing elevator companies are officered by Brooklyn men, and all of these elevators-thirty-four in num- ber-start from Brooklyn and bring grain for the Brooklyn warehouses, or load it upon vessels at the Brooklyn wharves. The president of the largest of these companies (the International), Mr. Annan, who controls 22 of these floating elevators, two of double capacity, is also a partner in the great grain house of Hazeltine & Co., the occupants of Dows', the Colum- bia, and the Kelsey stores.
The interests of Mr. George D. Puffer, President of the New York Floating Elevator Company, who run five floating elevators, are also wholly identified with Brooklyn. The same is true of Messrs. Heuberer, Knapp & McCord, W. D. Mangam's Son, Marsh, White & Co., and S. M. Cornell, who own, together, seven floating elevators. The entire storage capacity of all the stationary elevators in New York city, in- cluding those of the New York Central and Hudson River R. R. Co., is only 3,340,000 bushels, of which
the New York Central is 2,300,000 bushels. Those of Jersey have a capacity of 3,000,000 bushels. Neither of them is ever full. The Brooklyn stationary eleva- tors have a capacity of 20,000,000 bushels, and, as the Produce Exchange reports show, handled over 150,000,- 000 bushels of grain in 1882, and more than 200,000,- 000 bushels in 1881. But the grain trade, large as it is, is only one item of Brooklyn's commerce. Below Fulton Ferry, and between that and Fortieth street, South Brooklyn, are nearly twenty firms, many of them controlling large blocks of warehouses and pier sheds, who do a general merchandise business, some of them handling mainly imported goods, others both imports and exports. One of these houses already re- ferred to, Messrs. G. C. and J. P. Robinson, in 1882, in their 52 warehouses, received and shipped merchan- dise valued at $105,000,000. Another, F. Woodruff & Co., as the average of three years in their 28 ware- houses, handled $53,000,000. The receipts and ship- ments of the whole twenty firms can hardly be less than $325,000,000, and may exceed that amount.
But, aside from these, there are two large oil refiner- ies belonging to Bush and Denslow; five or six large lumber yards at the Gowanus Canal and Erie Basin ; two coal yards of great extent; two rosin yards; eight ship yards, four of them with dry docks, those of Messrs. William Camp & Son being the largest in the world, and one with an immense marine railway, suffi- cient to accommodate the largest ocean steamships; six piers for steamship lines landing their passengers and freight in Brooklyn; three inspection yards, one for tobacco, and two for pork, etc .; five large ferry slips for the Hamilton, South, Wall street, and the two An- nex ferries, to which should be added the Fulton ferry slip and the Bridge pier ; the two great flouring mill piers of F. E. Smith and Jewell Brothers, and one of the Knickerbocker Ice Company's piers. There are, moreover, extensive foundries, iron works, and pump- ing engine works, which ship their products from these wharves and piers. There is no separate record of the number of vessels which discharge or receive their car- goes at these piers and wharves, for the arrivals and clearances are all made at the Naval Office in New York, but there must be several thousands every year. We cannot obtain any definite statistics of the business transacted or the moneys received in these various commercial houses, but in some of them we know that it amounts to many millions.
If we go back one or two streets from the water front, we shall find, for nearly the whole distance, great manufactories, machine shops, iron foundries, etc., etc., whose products are all shipped from these wharves and piers.
Northward and north-eastward from Fulton Ferry to Hunter's Point, the piers and wharves loaded with merchandise, and the numberless vessels loading and unloading indicate that the commerce is very nearly as
635
THE COMMERCE OF BROOKLYN.
extensive as below that ferry, though of a somewhat different character. In the region we have already described, there were three artificial and one natural water courses and basins, stream and bay, to increase the water-front, viz. : the Erie and Atlantic Basins, Gowanus Bay and Creek, and Gowanus Canal. In the northern division (north of Fulton ferry), there are the Wallabout Bay, Basin and Canal, Bushwick Creek, and Newtown Creek and Canal. Of these, the first three and the last two add greatly to the water front of this portion of the city.
There are six ferries to New York on this portion of the water front, some of them having two or three termini in that city. It is noteworthy, also, that in this part of the water front, numerous and important as are the commercial houses directly fronting the water, the great manufactories, for two or three streets back from the shore, contribute an equal, or nearly equal, amount of their products to the commerce of the city.
Above the Fulton ferry and the Bridge pier, we have, first, two extensive coal-yards, and then long blocks of warehouses, known as the Fulton and Em- pire Stores. On the next street east are Tobacco In- spection Stores, the Fulton Sugar Refinery, Iron Works, Artificial Ice Machine Works, an extensive Brewery, etc. Next on the river front are cooperage and stave yards, Arbuckle's immense coffee and spice warehouses, and behind them, Taylor's foundry and engine works, Bliss' immense press and die works, Hardick's steam pump factory ; next on the river are Benton's steam and gas pipe works, Nathan's coal yards, the Jay street stores, the offices of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Co., Crabb and Wilson's sugar refinery, Poillon's ship yard, and above these, the At- lantic white lead works, and the Brooklyn Gas Com- pany. On Plymouth and Water Streets, immediately behind these establishments, are a host of great manu- factories, all of them sending immense amounts of their products abroad, from the wharves below and the other piers and. wharves of Brooklyn. Among these, are the great color house of Sondheim, Alsburg & Co., the paint, color and varnish works of J. W. Masury & Son, the Averill Paint Co., C. T. Reynolds & Co., In- gersoll & Co., etc., etc., the Somers decorated tin works, the Paris white, whiting and cork works of Truslow & Co., Rochow's stationary engine works, one or two large breweries, Clayton's steam pumps, &c., &c.
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