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REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY
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3 1833 01068 6308
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2014
https://archive.org/details/documentaryhisto 11 ocal
453
THE
DOCUMENTARY HISTORY
OF THE STATE OF NEW-YORK ;
ARRANGED UNDER DIRECTION OF THE
HON. CHRISTOPHER MORGAN, Secretary of State.
BY E. B. O'CALLAGHAN, M. D.
VOL. I. V.1 Pt.1
ALBANY : WEED, PARSONS & Co., PUBLIC PRINTERS. 1849.
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The Map facing the Title page of this Volume is taken from one of North America, engraved by LUCINI, an Italian artist, originally on four sheets, three of which belong to the Warden Collection of the State Library.
It will be perceived from its Title that it is a Map of New Belgium (now New York,) and part of New England, the former of which Provinces was claimed at the time, to extend from Cape Cod to the Capes of Delaware. The absence of any date renders it difficult, however, to ascertain precisely the year it was en- graved and this point can be determined only by other evidence.
Boston, which was settled in 1630, is found laid down, but there is no mention of Maryland, the Province of Virginia forming the southern Boundary of New Belgium.
As Maryland was first granted in 1632, it is evident the date of this Map must be some year between that and the settlement of Boston. Most probably, it was engraved in 1631.
In point of time, it may be considered the third oldest Map of the Province extant, having, as far as yet known, been preceded by only two Dutch Maps, one of 1616 and one 1618, transcripts of which are in the office of the Secretary of State, and of one of which this Italian Map is evidently an improved copy.
CONTENTS.
-
PAGE.
I. PAPERS RELATING TO THE IROQUOIS AND OTHER IN. DIAN TRIBES, - 1 -
. . II. PAPERS RELATING TO THE FIRST SETTLEMENT AT ONONDAGA, AND THE DISCOVERY OF THE SALT SPRINGS AT SALINA, 31 . . . III. PAPERS RELATING TO DE COURCELLES' AND DE TRA. CY'S EXPEDITIONS AGAINST THE MOHAWK INDIANS, 1665-6, . 57 . IV. REPORTS ON THE PROVINCE OF NEW-YORK, 1669-1678, 85
V. PAPERS RELATING TO M. DE LA BARRE'S EXPEDITION TO HUNGRY BAY, 1684, · 93
VI. GOVERNOR DONGAN'S REPORT ON THE STATE OF THE PROVINCE, 1687. . . . .
145
VII. PAPERS RELATING TO DENONVILLE'S EXPEDITION TO THE GENESEE COUNTRY AND NIAGARA, 1687, 191 VIII. NAMES OF THE MALE INHABITANTS OF ULSTER CO., 1689, . . . 279
. IX. PAPERS RELATING TO THE INVASION OF NEW-YORK AND THE BURNING OF SCHENECTADY BY TIIE FRENCHI, 1690, - . 283 . . ·
X. CIVIL LIST OF THE PROVINCE OF NEW-YORK, 1693, 313
XI. PAPERS RELATING TO FRONTENAC'S EXPEDITION AGAINST THE ONONDAGOES, 1696, 321
XII. NEW-YORK ARMY LIST, 1700, 357
XIII. CENSUS OF THE COUNTIES OF ORANGE, DUTCHESS AND ALBANY, 1702, 1714, 1720, 365
XIV. CADWALLADER COLDEN ON THE LANDS OF NEW- YORK, 1732, 375
XV. PAPERS RELATING TO THE SUSQUEHANNAH RIVER, 1683-1757, 391
XVI. PAPERS RELATING TO OGDENSBURGH, 1749. 421
XVII. PAPERS RELATING TO OSWEGO, - 441
XVIII. PAPERS RELATING TO THE ONEIDA COUNTRY AND MOHAWK VALLEY, 1756, 1757, 507
vi
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
XIX. PAPERS RELATING TO FRENCH SEIGNIORIES ON LAKE CHAMPLAIN, . . 555 XX. BOUNDARY LINE BETWEEN THE WHITES AND THE INDIANS, 1765, 587
XXI. PAPERS RELATING TO THE CITY OF NEW-YORK, 593
XXII. PAPERS RELATING TO LONG ISLAND, 627
XXIII. STATISTICS OF POPULATION, 1647-1774, 687
XXIV. STATISTICS OF REVENUE, IMPORTS, EXPORTS, ETC., 1691-1768, 699
XXV. PAPERS RELATING TO TRADE AND MANUFACTURES, 1705-1757, 709
XXVI. REPORT OF GOV. TRYON ON THE STATE OF THE PRO. VINCE, 1774, . 737
775 INDEX, . DIRECTIONS TO BINDER, 787
-
DOCUMENTARY HISTORY.
1
1
I. PAPERS
RELATING TO
Che Broquois and other Indian Cribes.
1666-1763.
1
THE NINE IROQUOIS TRIBES. 1666.
[Paris Loc., I.]
THE Iroquois Nation consists of nine tribes, which form two divisions ; one of four tribes, and the other of five.
They call the first division GUEY-NIOTITESHESGUE, which means the four tribes ; and the second division they call it OUICHE-NIOTI- TESHESGUÉ, which means the five tribes.
The first is that of the Tortoise, which calls itself Atiniathin. It is the first, because they pretend, when the Master of Life made the Earth, that he placed it on a tortoise ; and when there are earthquakes, it is the tortoise that stirs.
The second tribe is that of the Wolf, and calls itself Enantha- yonni, or Cahenhisenhonon, and brother of the Tortoise tribe. When there is question of war they deliberate together ; and if the affair is of great moment, they communicate it to the other tribes to deliberate together thereupon ; so of all the other tribes. They assemble in the hut of a war-chief when the question is of war, and in the hut of a council-chief when it is for ordinary matters of state.
The third tribe is that of the Bear, which they call Atinion- guin.
The fourth tribe is that of the Beaver, and brother to that of the Bear. These four tribes compose the first division, which they call Guey-niotiteshesgué.
.
SECOND DIVISION.
The fifth tribe is that of the Deer, which they name Canen- deshé.
1
4
THE IROQUOIS AND
The sixth is that of the Potatoe, which they call Schoneschio- ronon.
The seventh is that of the Great Plover, which they call Oti- nanchahé.
The eighth is that of the Little Plover, which they call Asco, or Nicohes.
The ninth is that of the Kiliou [ Eagle], which they call Canon- chahonronon. They call these five tribes Ouiche-niotiteshesgué.
These nine tribes formerly occupied nine villages, which were finally collected together in order to sustain war more easily.
The ninth tribe derives its origin from a cabin that was in the interior (dans les terres), and composed of several fires or esta- blishments. In the middle of the cabin was a partition which divided the cabin in two.
Weary of knowing no one, and consequently unable to marry, they all married among themselves; which is the reason that their name signifies two cabins united together.
Each tribe has in the gable end of its cabin, the animal of the tribe painted ; some in black, others in red.
When they assemble together for consultation, the first Divi- sion ranges itself on one side of the fire in a cabin; and the other Division places itself on the other side.
When the matter on which they have met has been discussed on one side and the other, they accompany the decision with much ceremony.
The Division which decides the matter gives two opinions, so that the best may be adopted, and offers all possible opposition in proposing its opinions, in order to shew that it has well consi- dered what it says.
They adopt, usually, the first opinion, unless there be some strong motive to the contrary.
When they go to war, and wish to.inform those of the party who may pass their path, they make a representation of the ani- mal of their tribe, with a hatchet in his dexter paw ; sometimes a sabre or a club ; and if there be a number of tribes together of the same party, each draws the animal of his tribe, and their number, all on a tree from which they remove the bark. 'The
5
1
OTHER INDIAN TRIBES.
animal of the tribe which heads the expedition is always the fore- most.
They generally have a rendezvous when they propose to strike a blow, where in case of pursuit, they leave a part of their clothes and ammunition. When they fight, they are very Molochs, and have merely the waistcloth on, with a pair of mocasins on the feet.
When the expedition is numerous they often leave a party a hundred or a hundred and fifty leagues (lieues, qy. paces?) from the village which they are about to attack. When they have finished, if they have casse-tetes or clubs, they plant them against the corpse inclining a little towards the village of the slain.
On their return, if they have prisoners or scalps, they paint the animal of the tribe to which they belong, rampant, (debout) with a staff on the shoulder along which are strung the scalps they may have, and in the same number. After the animal are the prisoners they have made, with a chichicois, (or gourd filled with beans which rattle), in the right hand. If they be women, they represent them with a Cadenette or queue and a waistcloth.
If there be several tribes in the war party, each paints the ani- mal of his tribe with the scalps and prisoners it has made, as before, but always after that which is head of the party.
When they have scalps they give them to one or two men who suspend them behind them to their girdle.
These men who carry these scalps follow the others at a dis- tance, that is to say, at a quarter of a league, because they pre- tend that when they retreat and have scalps, if these precede the others they cannot march any further because they are seized with terror at the sight of the dripping blood. But this is only the first day, sometimes the second and third when they are pursued.
When they come again together, they proceed to notify the others and then each one takes his station or awaits the enemy. When night falls they make a hole in the earth where they kin- dle a fire with bark to cook their meat, if they have any, and that during three or four days.
They tie the prisoners to stakes set in the ground, into which
6
THE IROQUOIS AND
they fix their leg or rather foot, and this stake is closed by ano- ther tied together at a man's height. They place a man at each side who sleeps near them and who is careful to visit the pri- soners from time to time, during the night.
When they have lost any men on the field of battle they paint the men with the legs in the air, and without heads and in the same number as they have lost ; and to denote the tribe to which they belonged, they paint the animal of the tribe of the deceased on its back, the paws in the air, and if it be the chief of the par- ty that is dead, the animal is without the head.
If there be only wounded, they paint a broken gun which how- ever is connected with the stock, or even an arrow, and to de- note where they have been wounded, they paint the animal of the tribe to which the wounded belong with an arrow piercing the part in which the wound is located ; and if it be a gunshot they make the mark of the ball on the body of a different color.
If they have sick, and are obliged to carry them, they paint litters (boyards) of the same number as the sick, because they carry only one on each litter.
When they are thirty or forty leagues1 from their village they send notice of their approach, and of what has happened them. Then every one prepares to receive the prisoners, when there are any, and to torment each as they deem proper.
Those who are condemned to be burnt are conveyed to the ca- bin which has been given them. All the warriors assemble in a war cabin and afterwards send for them to make them sing, dance, and to torment them until they are carried to the stake.
During this time two or three young men are preparing the stake, placing the fuel near and keep their guns loaded.
When every thing is ready, he is brought and tied to the stake and finally burnt. When he is burnt up to the stomach they de- tach him, break all his fingers, raise the scalp which was left hanging behind by a small tongue of skin to the head. They put him to death in these agonies, after which each takes his morsel and proceeds to make merry.
1 Three or four miles .- COLDEN.
7
( The Tribe of the Boar)
( The Tribe of the Wolf )
La Famille du Loup
Fitmall, de la
taken a pri- ; from the end
e hand. ind girdle. n one side is
vith the hair
and that of
ge the death brother, the
es at its own
there are in re are men. hey belong.
.s slept two 3; for when
have been nen and the
( Ihr Tothe of the Bel1 )
(the limit the Titlewas)
La tanıttı da trup
La Famille de 1 lurs
( The Tribe of the Bones !! )
Infamille des Fastir
K
7
OTHER INDIAN TRIBES.
EXPLANATION OF THE FIRST DESIGNS.
A. This is a person returning from war who has taken a pri- soner, killed a man and a woman whose scalps hang from the end of a stick that he carries.
B. The prisoner.
C. Chichicois (or a gourd), which he holds in the hand.
D. These are cords attached to his neck, arms and girdle.
E. This is the scalp of a man, what is joined on one side is the scalp-lock.
F. This is the scalp of a woman; they paint it with the hair thin.
G. Council of war between the tribe of the Bear and that of the Beaver; they are brothers.
H. A Bear.
I. A Beaver.
L. Is a belt which he holds in his paws to avenge the death of some one and he is conferring about it with his brother, the Beaver.
K. Council for affairs of state.
M. The Bear.
N. The Council fire.
O. The Tortoise; so of the other tribes, each ranges at its own side.
P. Canoe going to war.
Q. Paddles. They know hereby how many men there are in the canoe, because they place as many paddles as there are men. Over these is painted the animal of the tribe to which they belong.
R. The canoe.
S. This is a man returning from hunting who has slept two nights on the hunting ground and killed three does; for when they are bucks, they add their antlers.
What is on his back, is his bundle.
T. Deer's head. This is the way they paint them.
V. This is the manner they mark the time they have been hunting. Each mark or rather each bar is a day.
Y. Fashion of painting the dead; the two first are men and the
-
8
THE IROQUOIS AND
third is a woman who is distinguished only by the waistcloth that she has.
As regards the dead, they inter them with all they have. When it is a man they paint red calumets, calumets of peace on the Tomb ; some times they plant a stake on which they paint how often he has been in battle; how many prisoners he has ta- ken ; the post ordinarily is only four or five feet high and much embellished.
1
-
1
1
1
The Portrait of a Savage on a board in their cabin on which they ordinarily paint. how often he has been to war, hen many men he has taken and killed .
.
-
-1-1
0
.
the Potato a better
1
The Portrait of a Savage on a board in their cabin on which they ordinarily paint how often
he has been to was how many man ha has taken
4
ミ
9
OTHER INDIAN TRIBES.
a. These are the punctures on his body.
b. This is the way they mark when they have been to war, and when there is a bar extending from one mark to the other, it signifies that after having been in battle, he did not come back to his village and that he returned with other parties whom he met or formed.
c. This arrow, which is broken, denotes that they were wound- ed in this expedition.
d. Thus they denote that the belts which they gave to raise a war party and to avenge the death of some one, belong to them or to some of the same tribe.
e. He has gone back to fight without having entered his vil- lage.
f. A man whom he killed on the field of battle who had a bow and arrows.
g. These are two men whom he took prisoners, one of whom had a hatchet, and the other a gun in his hand.
g. g. This is a woman who is designated only by a species of waistcloth.
h. This is the way they distinguish her from the men.
Such is the mode in which they draw their portraits.
1
10
THE IROQUOIS AND
C-
A
6
A. This is the manner they paint the tribe of the Potatoe and not as it is on the other plate.
b. Is a stick set in the ground to the extremity of which two or three pieces of wood are attached, to denote the direction in which they went when they are hunting ; and on the nearest tree they paint the animal of the tribe to which they belong, with the numbers of guns they have ; that is to say if they are three men, they paint three guns, if they are more and there are some who have a bow and no gun, they put down a bow.
When they return from hunting and are near the village they do the same thing and add the number of beasts they have killed -that is to say, they paint the Deer, and the Stag from the head to the neck; if some are male they add antlers ; they paint the other animals entire ; if they are some days at the chase they mark the number as you see on the other plate.
c. Club which they use to break the skull when they are at war.
11
OTHER INDIAN TRIBES.
Stake to tie the prisoners. They place his leg between these two posts in the hollow of the larger-that is the two posts catch the leg above the ankle, and they afterwards join one to the other and tie them at a man's height-some times higher, so that it is impossible to withdraw the foot without untying the cords.
OBSERVATIONS OF WENTWORTH GREENHALGH,
IN A JOURNEY FROM ALBANY TO Ye INDIANS, WESTWARD ; BEGUN MAY 20th, 1677, AND ENDED JULY Y" 14 FOLLOWING.
[Lond. Doc. III.]
The Maquaes have four townes, vizt. Cahaniaga, Canagora, Canajorha, Tionondogue, besides one small village about 110 miles from Albany.
Cahaniaga is double stockadoed round ; has four forts, [ports?] about four foot wide a piece, conteyns about 24 houses, and is situate upon the edge of an hill, about a bow shott from the river side.
Canagora is only singly stockadoed ; has four ports like the former, conteyns about 16 houses ; itt is situated upon a fflatt, a stone's throw from ye water side.
Canajorha is also singly stockadoed, and the like man' of ports and quantity of houses as Canagora ; the like situacôn ; only about two miles distant from the water.
12
THE IROQUOIS AND
1
Tionondogue is double stockadoed around, has four ports, four foot wide a piece, contains ab' 30 houses ; is scituated on a hill a bow shott from ye River.
The small village is without ffence, and conteyns about ten houses ; lyes close by the river side, on the north side, as do all the former.
The Maquaes pass in all for about 300 fighting men.
Their Corn grows close by the River side.
Of the Situacon of the Oneydas and Onondagoes and their Strength.
The Onyades have but one town, which lys about 130 miles westward of the Maques. Itt is situate about 20 miles from a small river which comes out of the hills to the southward, and runs into lake Teshiroque, and about 30 miles distant from the Maquaes river, which lyes to the northward ; the town is newly settled, double stockadoed, but little cleared ground, so thatt they are forced to send to the Onondagoes to buy corne ; The towne consists of about 100 houses. They are said to have about 200 fighting men, Their Corne grows round about the towne.
The Onondagoes have butt one towne, butt itt is very large ; consisting of about 140 houses, nott fenced ; is situate upon a hill thatt is very large, the banke on each side extending itself att least two miles, all cleared land, whereon the corne is planted. They have likewise a small village about two miles beyond thatt, consisting of about 24 houses. They ly to the southward of ye west, about 36 miles from the Onyades. They plant aboundance of Corne, which they sell to the Onyades. The Onondagos are said to be about 350 fighting men. They ly about 15 miles from Tshiroqui.
Of the Caiougos and Senecques, their Situacon and Strength, &c.
The Caiougos have three townes about a mile distant from each other ; they are not stockadoed. They do in all consist of about 100 houses ; they ly about 60 miles to the southward of ye Onondagos ; they intend the next spring to build all their houses together and stockade them ; they have abundance of Corne ; they
13
OTHER INDIAN TRIBES.
ly within two or three miles of the lake Tichero. They pass for about 300 fighting men.
The Senecques have four townes, vizt. Canagora, Tiotohatton, Canoenada and Keint-he. Canagora and Tiotohatton lye within 30 miles of ye Lake ffrontenacque, and ye other two ly about four or five miles apiece to ye Southward of those. They have abun- dance of Corne. None of their towns are stockadoed.
Canagorah lyes on the top of a great hill, and in that, as well as in the bignesse, much like Onondago, contayning 150 houses, northwestward of Caiougo 72 miles. Here ye Indyans were very desirous to see us ride our horses, weh wee did : they made great feasts and dancing, and invited us y' when all ye maides were to- gether, both wee and our Indyans might choose such as lyked us to ly with.
Tiotohattan lyes on the brincke or edge of a hill ; has not much cleared ground ; is near the river Tiotehatton, weh signifies bending. It lyes to Westward of Canagorah about 30 miles, containing about 120 houses, being ye largest of all the houses wee saw, ye ordinary being 50 @ 60 foot long with 12 @ 13 fires in one house. They have good store of corne, growing about a mile to the Northward of the towne.
Being at this place the 17 of June, there came 50 prisoners from the Southwestward. They were of two nations, some where- of have few guns; the other none at all. One nation is about 10 days journey from any Christians and trade onely with one greatt house, nott farr from the sea, and the other trade only, as they say, with a black people. This day of them was burnt two women, and a man and a child killed with a stone. Att night we heard a great noyse as if ye houses had all fallen, butt itt was onely ye Inhabitants driving away ye ghosts of ye murthered.
The 18th going to Canagorah, wee overtook ye prisoners ; when the soudiers saw us they stopped each his prisoner, and made him sing, and cutt off their fingers, and slasht their bodies wth a knife, and when they had sung each man confessed how many men in his time hee had killed. Thatt day att Canagorah, there were most cruelly burnt four men, four women and one boy. The cruelty lasted aboutt seven hours. When they were almost dead
14
THE IROQUOIS AND
letting them loose to the mercy of ye boys, and taking the hearts of such as were dead to feast on.
Canoenada lyes about four miles to ye Southward of Canagorah; conteynes about 30 houses, well furnished with Corne.
Keint-he lyes aboutt four or five miles to ye Southward of Tie- tehatton ; contayns about 24 houses well furnished with corne.
The Senecques are counted to bee in all aboutt 1000 fighting men.
The French call the
Maques Onyades
Onondagos &
Les Anniez Les Onoyauts Les Montagneurs
Onondago town
By the name of
La Montagne Les Petuneurs
Caiougos
Senecques
Les Paisans
Cangaro
St. Jaques
Tiotehatton
La Conception
NOTE .- The above paper will be found also in Chalmers' Poli- tical Annals, in which, however, Greenhalgh's name is misspelt. That paper differs likewise in other respects from the MS. now followed.
15
OTHER INDIAN TRIBES.
ENUMERATION OF THE INDIAN TRIBES
CONNECTED WITH THE GOVERNMENT OF CANADA ; THE WARRIORS AND ARMORIAL BEARINGS OF EACH NATION. 1736.
[Paris Doc. VIII.]
The Eskimaux, The Micmacs, The Amaleates or rather the Maneus. yond my knowledge.
These Nations are be- low Quebec, and be-
At Quebec.
The Hurons. 1 Village 60 a 70 men bearing arms, 60
At the River St. John, near the English.
The Abenakis. - - 1 Village called Panasamsket towards the mouth of said river. Warriors. 200
The Bbenakis at the head of said River.
1 Village called Narentchyan. Warriors. - - 150
Becancour. The Abenakis. 1 Village. Warriors. - 60
The 8benakis. At St. Francis. 1 Village. War. - including those of Michikoui and those who migrate.
180
The armorial bearings (Totums) of this Nation, which is divided into two sections, are the Pigeon (tourtre) and the Bear.
There are besides some tribes who carry the Par- tridge, the Beaver and the Otter.
At Three Rivers. See Montreal.
The Algonquins. fifteen men. -
-
15
665
16
THE IROQUOIS AND
The Têtes de Boule or Tribes of the Interior. These are wandering Savages who have no know- ledge either of the order or form of villages, and those who evince the least intellect (esprit); they inhabit the mountains and the lakes from Three Rivers, in the in- terior, to Lake Superior. Their armorial bearings (To- tums) are unknown, if they have any.
Boston and Orange.
The Loups (Mohegans) who understand the Sabena- kis and whom the Sabenakis understand are dispersed from Boston to Virginia, which is equal to from Lake Champlain to the head of Lake Erie-300 leagues. This nation may be six hundred men, under British rule. No person could give me any information of their customs. This only by way of remark.
Montreal.
Algonquins. They are twenty men settled with the Iroquois of the Two Mountains ; this is all that remains of a nation the most war- like, most polished and the most attached to the French. They have for armorial bearings an Evergreen Oak (chêne vert.)
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