USA > New York > Ulster County > Kingston > The history of Kingston, New York : from its early settlement to the year 1820 > Part 1
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Gc 974.702 K62s 1628841
M. L.
REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
GC
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01177 8203
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015
https://archive.org/details/historyofkingsto00scho_0
VIEW OF KINGSTON, 1819. . FROM A PAINTING OF JOHN VANDERLYN THE ARTIST.
THE
HISTORY OF KINGSTON ;
NEW YORK.
FROM ITS EARLY SETTLEMENT TO THE YEAR 1820.
BY MARIUS SCHOONMAKER. OF KINGSTON.
1
NEW YORK : BURR PRINTING HOUSE, 18 JACOB STREET. 1888.
1628841
H & westbrook (
-lutte regards of the author
Dedication.
TO THE
Holland Society of New york.
Ix view of the object of your organization as stated in your articles of association, I propose to dedicate to you this volume. comprising the History of Kingston, one of the early Dutch settlements in the State of New York, and during the Colonial period one of the most prominent places in the Colony. The history is brought down to 1820. thus embracing the interesting era of its distinctively Dutch character. The struggles and sufferings of its inhabitants during the Indian, French and Revolutionary Wais ;- their firm and unwavering stand in defence of freedom and human rights ;- and their heroic sacrifices during all the years of conflict through which they passed, are worthy of being recorded and preserved in the annals of our country.
It is with that object the book has been prepared, and I now dedicate it to the HOLLAND SOCIETY OF NEW YORK, which includes among the purposes of its formation "the collection and preservation of all matters in relation to the genealogy and history of our Dutch Ancestry."
NOVEMBER, 1888.
M. SCHOONMAKER.
PREFACE.
B Y the kindness of Miss Kate Vanderlyn, of this city, I have been enabled to produce as a frontispiece for this book a copy of the sketch of Kingston and the Catskill Mountains, which was made in 1819 by her uncle, John Vanderlyn, the artist. 'The sketch was taken from the bluff of rocks a little to the east of the present junction of Wall and Fair streets. It presents in the fore- ground the fields, with their dividing fences, lying between the artist and St. James' Street, which was then the most southerly street. Those fields appearing on the sketch, with the division fences, were then a part of the territory designated as the " Arm- bowery" (poor farm). They are now thickly covered with dwell- ings and business places. In the background are the lordly Cats- kills, with the village lying between.
I am also indebted to her for the loan of a miniature of the artist taken in Paris, from which the engraving in the text was made. The likeness in the text of Charles De Witt, of Greenkill, was made from a miniature loaned for the purpose by his grand- son, Richard De Witt, of Greenkill.
This book, which has been prepared at the earnest request of some kind friends, even if it does not meet their full expectations, I trust will not be disappointing.
There are great and, indeed, insurmountable difficulties in pre- paring a complete history of Kingston, on account of the loss and destruction of public records and other valuable papers.
I am, however, greatly indebted to my friends : Richard -De Witt, Sutherland De Witt, and Hon. David M. De Witt, kinsmen of Charles De Witt, of Greenkill ; John W. Hasbrouck, of Middle- town ; Frederick E. Westbrook, Esq., of New York ; and Thomas Beekman and Kate Vanderlyn, of this city, for valuable material which has been freely used in the accompanying pages.
As stated elsewhere in regard to the chapter of ancestral notes, I am indebted to Cornelius H. Van Gaasbeek, Jr., of this city, for a large portion of the material used in its compilation. Why it is not more complete has been the lack of ability to procure the neces- sary material.
vi
PREFACE.
The scope and object of the work has been to give a compact but complete history of the place, the customs and pursuits of its inhabitants, and their connection with public events from its first settlement down to the year 1820, which embraces the whole of the interesting era of its distinctively Dutch character. This period also covers the exciting events and incidents of the Indian and French wars and the struggles of the Revolution. In a strict sense the work is a history of Kingston ; but at that day Kingston occu- pied such an important position in the country at large, and in the military and civil events that preceded the war for independence, and also in that great contest, that its history during the colonial times, to be fully understood and elucidated, draws with it a great deal of the provincial history.
I have, therefore, found it necessary to refer quite extensively to the contests of the people and the colonial assemblies with the crown and the colonial governors, involving the fundamental prin- ciples of freedom which led to the Revolution. I have endeavored to trace them from their origin and indicate their progress and development for nearly a century, until their culminating triumph in the Declaration of Independence.
The work as it is is now given to the public, but not at as early a date as was originally intended. The delivery to the press was delayed for a time on account of an apprehension, on the part of the author, that the demand therefor was not sufficient to justify the expense attending its publication. Whether his fears were well founded or not will be shown by the character of its reception.
.
KINGSTON, November, 1888.
M. SCHOONMAKER.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I. PAGE
TO THE CLOSE OF THE FIRST EsOPUS INDIAN WAR, AND CONCLUSION OF TREATY OF PEACE, 1660,
1
CHAPTER II.
FROM THE TREATY OF PEACE AFTER FIRST ESOPUS WAR TO AND INCLUDING ORGANIZATION OF WILTWYCK GOVERNMENT, 1661, 21
CHAPTER III.
FROM THE ORGANIZATION OF WILTWYCK, 1661, TO THE SURRENDER TO THE ENGLISH IN 1664, .
. 30
CHAPTER IV.
FROM THE SURRENDER TO THE ENGLISH IN 1664 TO THE SURRENDER TO THE
DUTCH IN 1673, . . . 50 .
CHAPTER V.
FROM THE DUTCH SUPREMACY IN 1673 TO THE ACCESSION OF JAMES THE SECOND IN 1685,
.
66
CHAPTER VI.
FROM THE ACCESSION OF JAMES THE SECOND, FEBRUARY, 1685, TO THE ARRIVAL OF GOVERNOR FLETCHER, 1691,
80
CHAPTER VII.
FROM 1692, ARRIVAL OF GOVERNOR FLETCHER, TO THE ARRIVAL OF WILLIAM BURNET AS GOVERNOR IN 1720, .
.
·
95
CHAPTER VIII.
FROM 1720, THE ARRIVAL OF WILLIAM BURNET AS GOVERNOR, TO 1753, THE ARRIVAL OF SIR DANVERS OSBORNE, 111
CHAPTER IX.
FROM THE ARRIVAL OF GOVERNOR OSBORNE IN 1753 TO THE CLOSE OF THE FRENCH WAR IN 1760, . 126 · .
CHAPTER X.
FROM THE DEATH OF LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR DE LANCEY, IN 1760, TO THE ADJOURNMENT OF THE CONTINENTAL CONVENTION, IN 1775, 145
viii
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XI .. PAGE
FROM JANUARY, 1775, TO THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, JULY, 1776, . 163
CHAPTER XII.
A REVIEW OF SOME PURELY LOCAL MATTERS, . 181
CHAPTER XIII.
THE KINGSTON CHURCH,
.
204
CHAPTER XIV.
CAMPAIGN OF 1776,
. 228
CHAPTER XV.
INTERNAL TROUBLES AND TORY OPERATIONS,
246
CHAPTER XVI.
ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT, .
.
. 259
CHAPTER XVII.
CAMPAIGN OF 1777, INCLUDING BURNING OF KINGSTON,
. 277
CHAPTER XVIII.
EXTENT OF DAMAGES-MAP, AND LIST OF SUFFERERS-RELIEF FURNISHED- SOME TRADITIONS STATED, . 303
CHAPTER XIX.
FROM THE BURNING OF KINGSTON, 1777, TO THE CONCLUSION OF THE WAR, · 316
1783,
CHAPTER XX.
RISE AND PROGRESS OF EDUCATIONAL MATTERS IN KINGSTON, CULMINATING IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF KINGSTON ACADEMY-ITS. HISTORY, . . 341
CHAPTER XXI.
LOCAL MATTERS-DISPOSITION OF CORPORATE PROPERTY-ORGANIZATION OF VILLAGE-DISSOLUTION OF TRUSTEES, 1816, 368
CHAPTER XXII.
RISE OF PARTIES-ELECTION AND DEATH OF GOVERNOR CLINTON-REFERENCES TO WAR OF 1812, AND CONCLUSION OF PEACE, 391
CHAPTER XXIII.
IMPROVEMENTS-TURNPIKES AND TRAVELLING CONVENIENCES -- NEWSPAPERS, . 403
HABITS AND CUSTOMS,
CHAPTER XXIV. . 420
CONTENTS. ix
CHAPTER XXV. PAGE
KINGSTON AS IT WAS IN AND ABOUT 1820, .
435
CHAPTER XXVI.
ANCESTRAL, NOTES, . 472
CHAPTER XXVII.
INDIAN RELICS, .
496
APPENDIX.
FIRST CHARTER OR PATENT GRANTED TO WILTWYCK, 1661, 503 507 KINGSTON PATENT, 1687, . · . 510 AGREEMENT TO MAINTAIN CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS, 517 SIGNERS IN THE TROOP OF HORSE IN ULSTER COUNTY, DATED IN KINGSTON, JUNE 9, 1775, · 520
A LIST OF THE PERSONS WHO HAVE REFUSED TO SIGN THE GENERAL ASSO. CIATION, 520
OFFICERS OF ULSTER COUNTY REGIMENTS, .
. 521 .
BEATS IN
521
ROLL OF OFFICERS IN THE REGIMENT
· · · · . 522 COLONEL, . ·
" A TRUE ACC'T OF THE DWELLING HOUSES OUTHOUSES BARRACKS DESTROYED AT KINGSTON," . . .
. . 522
STATEMENT OF THE ALLOTMENT OF THE FIVE THOUSAND ACRES OF LAND CON- TRIBUTED BY ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON, 525
. AN ACCOUNT OF THE ENGLISH SCHOOL IN KINGSTON, 526 LIST OF SUPERVISORS IN COLONIAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS, 527 LIST OF MAGISTRATES, 527
PRESIDENTS OF THE MAGISTRATES,
. 529
LIST OF THE SPEAKERS OR PRESIDING OFFICERS OF TRUSTEES,
529
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE FREEHOLDERS AND COMMONALTY OF THE TOWN OF KINGSTON,
. 531
LIST OF DIRECTORS OF THE VILLAGE OF KINGSTON IN 1805 TO AND IN- CLUDING 1820, . . 536 DELEGATES FROM ULSTER TO COLONIAL ASSEMBLY, 537 DELEGATES FROM ULSTER AND DUTCHESS COUNTIES TO COLONIAL ASSEMBLY, 537 DELEGATES FROM ULSTER COUNTY TO COLONIAL ASSEMBLY, . 587
MEMBERS OF THE PROVINCIAL CONVENTION FROM ULSTER COUNTY, . 537
REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS FROM ULSTER COUNTY, 537 SENATORS FROM ULSTER COUNTY UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF 1777, 538 MEMBERS OF ASSEMBLY FROM ULSTER COUNTY UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF 1777, 538
PAGE ARTICLES OF CAPITULATION TO THE ENGLISH, 1664,
4 . . · . ROLL OF THE OFFICERS ELECTED IN THE SEVERAL DISTRICTS OR THE TOWN OF KINGSTON, . · RETURN OF A COMPANY OF HORSE IN THE TOWN OF KINGSTON, IN ULSTER COUNTY, · WHEREOF LEVI PAWLING IS TO BE .
· . 521
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
VIEW OF KINGSTON, 1819.
FROM A PAINTING OF JOHN VANDERLYN THE
Frontispiece.
ARTIST,
PLAN OF WILTWYCK WITH STOCKADE, 1658,
9
WAMPUM BELT, 1664,
46
KINGSTON CHURCH BEFORE THE REVOLUTION,
213
AS REBUILT AFTER, 221
BILL OF LADING OF CHURCH BELL, 1794,
. 224
COURT HOUSE,
262
TAPPEN HOUSE, EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, 1777, .
274
SENATE HOUSE, 1777, 275 . ASSEMBLY CHAMBER, 1777, BOGARDUS HOUSE, 276
COUNCIL OF SAFETY MET 1777, ELMENDORF HOUSE, .
295
VAN STEENBERGH HOUSE ESCAPED FIRE, 1777,
304
MAP OF KINGSTON, 1777,
.
308
HOUSE WHERE COUNCIL OF SAFETY MET, MARBLETOWN, 1777, 319
66
HURLEY, 1777,
320
66
WASHINGTON WAS ENTERTAINED, 1783, MARBLETOWN,
.
335
66 66 STOPPED IN HURLEY, 1782, . .
336
REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIER'S DISCHARGE BY GENERAL WASHINGTON,
340
KINGSTON ACADEMY,
347
ACADEMY VACATION BALL TICKETS, 354
CORNELIUS C. SCHOONMAKER, PORTRAIT, 397
MAP OF KINGSTON, 1820, . 436 THE DEWAAL HOUSE, 439
JOHN VANDERLYN (THE ARTIST), PORTRAIT, 457 CHARLES DE WITT, PORTRAIT, 478 INDIAN RELICS, 497, 498, 499, 500
HISTORY OF KINGSTON.
CHAPTER I.
TO THE CLOSE OF THE FIRST ESOPUS INDIAN WAR, AND CONCLU- SION OF TREATY OF PEACE, 1660.
TT is now little more than two centuries since the Red man reigned supreme over this, his then pleasant hunting-grounds, teeming with game and the wild beasts of the forest. What changes have- taken place within that period : The native Indian, with his game,. has disappeared ; and with the onward march of religion, science,. education, and industry a prosperous city, teeming with life, wealth, and industry, has taken the place of the wandering savage and the lordly trees of the forest.
I am at times amazed when I contemplate the changes which have taken place within the territory of the city of Kingston, even within my own limited recollection. I remember Rondout when it was a little hamlet called the Strand, or Kingston Landing, with about half a dozen dwellings and storehouses all told ; and Wilbur, with two mills, a distillery, and three dwellings called Twaalfskill ; and Kingston village not to exceed two hundred dwellings and half a dozen stores, keeping a general country assortment ; the local commerce limited to four sloops, each making a full trip every fortnight to and from New York.
And what have we now ? A city of over twenty thousand in- habitants, and with a commerce which daily exceeds the annual commerce in value of my first remembrance. My task lies in the history of a place embracing such changes, I fear my ability to do it justice. Those who have urged me to the task I trust will not be disappointed at the manner of its fulfilment, if my lamp of life continues to burn sufficiently long to accomplish it.
In the history of a small territory such as this, necessarily its first settlement may be distinguished by some thrilling narratives and encounters with the savages, but thereafter it must settle down to a great extent into family history and narratives. Indeed, the history of a community is necessarily but little more than a com- pilation and combination of family histories. There are always in
1
2
HISTORY OF KINGSTON.
a stirring, active business place some men of mark, who by their activity and energy give character to the place. And it is such men, and not those who, like the turtles, draw their heads within their shells, who necessarily demand prominence in historical reminiscences.
Of course little other than arrangement can be original in such a work as this. True history is only a record of what has been, and the historian must necessarily gather his principal facts from former chroniclers of the times-contemporaneous chroniclers, so far as they may be found-and traditions received from ancestry. These remarks apply to times and seasons beyond the personal recollections of the chronicler. When those are reached, if life is spared, his effort will be to make them impartial and correct de- lineators and records of the times.
In the year 1609 Hendrick Hudson, in a ship called the Half- moon, furnished him by the Dutch East India Company, departed from Holland in search of a passage to the East Indies. After reaching America, he coasted along its shores to find the desired passage. On the 12th of September, 1609, he entered a narrow strait, which led him to the magnificent river which has since immortalized his name. He anchored his ship and remained several days in the beautiful bay bordering on Manhattan Island, and was visited by the astonished natives, "clothed in mantles of feathers and robes of fur." They manifested not only great friendship but reverence for him and his companions, as a superior race of beings, messen- gers of an almighty power. Hudson then proceeded up the river, which some of the Indian tribes called "Cahohatatia," which translated means river of the mountains, and explored it to a point a short distance beyond the present site of Albany, stopping at several places on the route, and was everywhere met with friendly greeting by the Indian tribes.
On his return to Europe, although detained by the British and prevented from returning to Holland, he transmitted to his Am- sterdam patrons a most glowing description of his discoveries con- nected with the "river of the mountains."
The next year the East India Company of Holland sent a ship to trade with the natives. Finding their first venture profitable, they soon established trading posts at Manhattan, Fort Orange, now Albany, and at some intermediate points along the river, including the mouth of the creek at Atkarkarton, afterward Esopus, now Kingston. At this last-mentioned place the valley of the several large streams (the Rondout, the Wallkill, and the Esopus), all concentrating at that point and extending far into the interior. furnished facilities for a trading post ; one of the Indian trails led across to the Delaware River. The mountains and
3
HISTORY OF KINGSTON.
forests through which these valleys extended abounded with game and animals valuable for their furs.
On the 11th day of October, 1614, the States-General of Holland granted to " the United New Netherland Company the exclusive right to visit and navigate all the lands situate in America between New France and Virginia, the sea coast of which lies between the fortieth and the forty-fifth degree of latitude, and which are named the New Netherlands ; and to navigate or cause to be navigated · the same for four voyages within the period of three years, to com- mence from the first day of January, 1615, or sooner."
Under the anthority thus granted the company took possession of the Hudson River, and built three forts or redoubts thereon -- one on Castle Island just below Albany, one on the Battery at New York, and one at the mouth of the Rondout Creek.
After the expiration of this patent, and on the 3d of June, 1620, the States-General incorporated the West India Company with enormous and almost unlimited powers. In the name of the States- General it could make contracts and alliances with princes and na- tions, build forts, administer justice, appoint and discharge gov- ernors, soldiers, and public officers, and promote trade.
The government of the company was vested in five separate chambers of managers : one at Amsterdam, managing four ninths ; one in Zeeland, two ninths ; one at Dordrecht, one ninth ; one in North Holland, one ninth, and one in Friesland and Groningen, one ninth.
General executive power, for all purposes except war, was in- trusted to a board of nineteen delegates, called the "College of the XIX."
The time of the patent was for twenty-four years, and the New Netherlands was included within their grant.
At this time, when the Dutch sought to acquire possession of the Hudson River and adjoining territory, that on the west of the Hudson below Albany was occupied by the race of Indians known as the Algonquins, which race was divided into numerous bands under local names. The band or tribe at Kingston and its imme- diate vicinity are generally known and designated as the Esopus Indians, sometimes named the Warynawancks.
The West India Company was specially organized for commer- cial and trading purposes, and therefore its principal object was the control and possession of the New Netherlands, for the purpose of conducting and monopolizing the rich and very profitable trade in furs with the natives. As a necessary consequence, the earliest immigrants were merely a company of traders. But that state of things did not and could not long continue. The Reformation and the subsequent religious persecutions drove many of the conscien-
4
HISTORY OF KINGSTON.
tious servants of God to seek an asylum beyond the reach of the tyrants of Europe. The first of those arriving here in the vicinity of Manhattan, with the intention of remaining, was a company consisting of about thirty families of Walloons, who had fled to Holland from France to avoid persecution. They settled on Long Island, near what is now the Navy Yard, about the year 1625. Others arriving at the same time went to Fort Orange, now Albany.
The Dutch West India Company purchased the island of Man- hattan from the Indians for a sum equivalent to about twenty-four dollars of our money. Peter Minuit, the first agent of the com- pany, under the title of governor, built a house upon the island and .. resided there. The lower end of the island was then occupied by a fort and a few cottages, and was called New Amsterdam.
Governor Minuit continued his agency for several years, ap- parently cultivating the friendship of the savages and the interest of his employers. Upon his resignation he was succeeded by Wouter Van Twiller, who, although a good tradesman, was lament- ably deficient in the science or art of government, but, at the same time, had the wisdom to pursue a peaceful and conciliatory policy with the savages.
About 1638 Governor Van Twiller was succeeded in his agency by Willem Kieft. He was a man entirely unfitted for his position. Avaricious, dishonest, unscrupulous, and arbitrary in his meas- ures, he kept the colony in a continual turmoil : drove the Indians to desperation and madness, aroused Indian wars and massacres, and soon had scarcely a friend in the colony.
One of his first steps against the Indians was, in 1638, to at- tempt the levy of a tribute upon the river Indians. They rebelled against its enforcement. About 1640 the Raritans, a tribe living along the river of that name, were accused of stealing some hogs. Governor Kieft at once, without making any inquiry into the justice or falsity of the charge, sent a band of soldiers to punish them, who fell upon them unawares, killed a number, and destroyed their corn. Another instance is related by a chronicler of the times :
" A Dutchman sold to a young Indian, a son of a chief, brandy ; and, when he was intoxicated, cheated and drove him away. The Indian, raging with drink and maddened by the treatment he had received, went to his home, procured his bow and arrows, returned and shot the Dutchman dead. The chiefs of the murderer's tribe hastened to the governor to explain the matter, and to pay the price of blood ; they wished for peace, but the governor was inex- orable. He demanded the murderer, but he had fled to a neigh- boring tribe. 'It is your own fault,' exclaimed the indignant chief ; ' why do you sell brandy to our young men ? it makes them crazy.' Just at this time came a company of Mohawks, all armed
5
HISTORY OF KINGSTON.
with muskets, to demand tribute of the enfeebled river tribes. The latter fled to the Dutch for protection. 'Now is the time,' urged the people, 'to obtain forever the friendship of the Indians living around us by their protection.' But Kieft, true to his nature, deemed it the proper time for their extermination.
"The unsuspecting victims of this scheme of treachery and cruelty were with the tribe of Hackensacks, just beyond Hoboken. About the hour of midnight some soldiers from the fort and free- booters from the ships in the harbor passed over the river, and soon thereafter were heard the shrieks of the dying Indians. The car- " nage continued ; the poor victims ran to the river to pass over to their supposed friends at New Amsterdam. But they were driven into the water. The mother who rushed to save her drowning child was pushed in, that both might perish in the freezing flood ; and another company of Indians, trusting to the Dutch for protec- tion, who were encamped on the island a short distance from the fort, were murdered in the same manner. In the morning the re- turning soldiers received the congratulations of Kieft."
The settlers, when they became aware of the facts, were indig- nant and horror-stricken, and condemned the atrocity in no meas- ured terms. As might have been anticipated, the anger and indig- nation of the savages were aroused to the highest pitch of fury, and war was inaugurated which knew no mercy. Wherever a white man's hut was situated, there was sure to ascend the smoke of conflagra- tion. All the settlers who could escape the fury of the savages rushed to the fort for protection, and all outside settlements were deserted. Some in their terror returned to Holland. If at any time before that there had been any settlers in Esopus, as some allege, their homes were then deserted and abandoned. The war was thus started in the winter of 1643, and waged with slight in- terruption, and with more or less brutality, for two years, before peace was concluded. Kieft, whose conduct was censured by his superiors, was soon after recalled, and set sail for England, which country he never reached, being shipwrecked and drowned on the passage.
In 1646 Petrus Stuyvesant was appointed to succeed Kieft as governor. He was honest and trustworthy, but had a most diffi- cult task before him to overcome the effects of Kieft's misgovern- ment and treachery.
In 1652 considerable difficulty arose at Rensselaerwyck in regard to title and occupancy of land, caused by the patent of the Patroon Van Rensselaer overlapping the occupancy of some settlers. Par- ties became very violent in their quarrels, which, in a number of cases, led to personal conflicts. Thomas Chambers, an Englishman. Mattys Hendrix, Christopher Davis, and Johan De Hulter, who had
6
HISTORY OF KINGSTON.
settled on the disputed territory, and several of their neighbors, desiring peace and comfort, left for Atkarkarton (Esopus), "an exceedingly beautiful land," and formed a settlement there. Al- though there is little doubt that Europeans had resided in that vicinity before, still this immigration of Chambers and his neigh- bors was the first approach to a permanent settlement.
Here Chambers, in 1663, received a gift from the natives of about seventy-six acres of land, described as bounded "Easterly and Westerly by the woods, and running Northerly and Southerly by the Kill." This grant, therefore, must have been of the low land along the creek, as that was prairie land, which makes the description in- telligible. «Some of his associates also purchased land from the Indians about the same time, who afterward received confirmatory grants thereof.
Settlers now began to come in rapidly, and soon there was quite a colony gathered together. As early as 1655 the wife of Cornelis Barentse Slecht was licensed " as a midwife for Esopus."
Each of the settlers at that time had apparently his territory allotted to him and settled thereon, so that they were scattered and . entirely unprotected from the savages.
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