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Gc 973.74 N42pl 1758025
M. L
REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
GC
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 00822 4542
THE HISTORY.
OF THE
FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT
NEW YORK STATE VOLUNTEERS,
IN THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
1861-1865.
BY ABRAHAM J. PALMER, D.D.
(FORMERLY PRIVATE, COMPANY D.)
Ellustrated.
" Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori."-HORACE.
PUBLISHED BY THE VETERAN ASSOCIATION OF THE REGIMENT. BROOKLYN, N. Y. ISS5. FOR SALE BY CHARLES T. DILLINGHAM, (73 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.
1758025
.. 8349 1,554
Palmer, Abraham John]
The history of the Forty-eighth regiment New York state volunteers, in the war for the union. 1861-1865. By Abraham J. Palmer ... Brooklyn, Pub. by the Vet- eran association of the regiment, IS85.
xvi, 314, [2] p. front., illus., pl., port., maps. 21}em.
--------
Subject entries : 1. U. S .- Hist .- Civil war-Regimental historieg-N. Y. inf .- 18th. 2. New York infantry. 48th reg't, 1861-1865. 2-15052 5451
Library of Congress, no.
E523.5.4Sth.
THE 48TH REGIMENT NEW YORK STATE VOLUNTEERS, FORT PULASKI, GA.
.
r
1
.. 1
..
TO THE SONS AND DAUGHTERS
OF THE MEN WHO COMPOSED THE
FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT NEW YORK STATE VOLUNTEERS, THIS RECORD OF THEIR FATHIERS' ACHIEVEMENTS "IN TIMES THAT TRIED MEN'S SOULS," IS AFFECTIONATELY INSCRIBED,
. WITH THE HOPE THAT THEY MAY LOVE THEIR COUNTRY BETTER FOR KNOWING WHAT HER FREEDOM AND INTEGRITY HAVE COST.
A PREFATORY LETTER.
TO MY COMRADES :
The most gifted of modern women has written that, " If you would love a woman without ever looking back upon your love as a folly, she must die while you are courting her; and if you would maintain the slightest belief in human heroism, you must never make a pilgrimage to see the hero."
I hope that in all your homes that double sarcasm is doubly contradicted. This book-which is the poor record of your heroic deeds -- has been written chiefly that your children, who daily "see the hero," may know his history, and when they can no longer see you, that they may still possess the story of your most glorious years.
Three years ago, when I was requested to become the historian of the regiment, I consented conditionally that some one should be procured to write the historical sketch. while I would edit the book and see it through the press. For a while it seemed that we had succeeded in procuring the very services we needed from an officer who had been with the regiment through most of its career. But vexa- tious delays occurred, and finally, to our great disappoint- ment, an entire miscarriage. Nothing remained but the abandonment of the enterprise-which all lamented-or my assuming the task. With great reluctance I therefore under- took it.
I had but little time to give to it, and moreover I felt myself disqualified by the subordinate position I had held in the regiment to write its history. "Privates" were not
A PREFATORY LETTER.
TO MY COMRADES :
The most gifted of modern women has written that. " If you would love a woman without ever looking back upon your love as a folly, she must die while you are courting her; and if you would maintain the slightest belief in human heroism, you must never make a pilgrimage to see the hero."
I hope that in all your homes that double sarcasm is doubly contradicted. This book-which is the poor record of your heroic deeds -- has been written chiefly that your children, who daily " see the hero," may know his history, and when they can no longer see you, that they may still possess the story of your most glorious years.
Three years ago, when I was requested to become the historian of the regiment, I consented conditionally that some one should be procured to write the historical sketch, while I would edit the book and see it through the press. For a while it seemed that we had succeeded in procuring the very services we needed from an officer who had been with the regiment through most of its career. But vexa- tious delays occurred, and finally, to our great disappoint- ment, an entire miscarriage. Nothing remained but the abandonment of the enterprise-which all lamented-or my assuming the task. With great reluctance I therefore under- took it.
I had but little time to give to it, and moreover I felt myself disqualified by the subordinate position I had held in the regiment to write its history. "Privates" were not
A PREFATORY LETTER.
.
always informed of the real object of every movement, and the surmises of " the men" were doubtless often incorrect. Moreover, so many years had passed, the survivors of the regiment were so far scattered, and such meagre data came in response to repeated appeals, that the work has been difficult. .
Certain rhetorical infelicities may be accounted for by the fact that I have employed an amanuensis and written by dictation-a mode of composition to which I was unaccus- tomed. However, I have cared less for that than for many omissions which have been unavoidable and which all will lament. and for certain inaccuracies which I fear have crept into the narrative despite the greatest care. Nevertheless it will not be safe to trust one's own memory even against this record. A prominent field-officer of the regiment read this history in manuscript, and noted twelve "inaccuracies," in every one of which he proved to be mistaken. Twenty years have made our memories less reliable than we think.
Great care has been taken with the " Roster and Record:" yet there are doubtless many errors, and to some may have come the sorriest fate of a soldier-" to be killed in battle and have his name spelled wrong in the Gasette."
In the company sketches there is some disparity in the space given the several companies: that, however, is be- cause the various contributors have not written equally ex- tended narratives. This I greatly regret ; but no partiality has been shown. I found it impossible to get sketches of four companies from former members of them, and was therefore compelled to call upon others to prepare them.
It was desired to have a picture of one of the companies in Fort Pulaski. The artist happened to send the negative of Company E. If the means had warranted it, the pic- tures of all the companies would have been printed.
There is one thing that will be noticed. for which I ask especial consideration. I refer to the mention of certain personal friends (private soldiers like myself), when, as the narrative has progressed, circumstances have recalled them
vii
A PREFATORY LETTER.
to my mind. I know that their rank in the regiment would not warrant this writing of their names while many who were their military superiors are unmentioned. But when I have been describing a scene chiefly memorable to me be- cause of a personal friend in my own company who was there shot dead by my side, I could not forbear to write down his name in loving memory of it, although he was but a private soldier whom few will remember. It is not that I have designed to exalt the private soldier above his officer, nor my friends above the friends of others, nor to call especial attention to the company to which I happened to belong.
I have not wished to claim for the regiment more than its fair share of the glory of the battles in which it participated. I have sought to be generous and just to all : however, this book does not pretend to contain the history of any regi- ment except that of the Forty-eighth New York.
There is doubtless some disproportion in the accounts of the great battles in which we were engaged. The descrip- tions of the assaults on Morris Island and Fort Wagner are more extended than any others. Olustee and Cold Harbor were fought while I was absent in rebel prisons, and Fort Fisher after the expiration of my term of service. Con- cerning them I have been compelled to rely upon the rep- resentation of others. That should be considered if those three great battles are not proportionately described ; but it has always seemed to me that the career of the Forty- eighth Regiment reached, in some sense, its climax in the darkness on the banks of Fort Wagner ; therefore the ex tended space which has been devoted to that battle.
The statement on page 183, of the extremely small num- ber of men present with the regiment within Fort Fisher, will occasion surprise; yet it is based upon the authority of two reliable diaries, and it makes the prominent part taken by the regiment in the engagement consistent with its slight casualties. It will be noticed also that three weeks after- wards the regiment was greatly reinforced.
While this book has been passing through the press our
viii
A PREFATORY LETTER.
illustrious commander, General ULYSSES S. GRANT, has fought his last battle, and put his last enemy where. long before, he had put all others, "underneath his feet." It is a noticeable fact that the U. S. Grant Post, G. A. R., of Brooklyn, to which a number of our comrades belong, should have had the distinguished honor of guarding his remains at Mount McGregor, Albany, and New York. Comrades Brush, Corwin, Frankenberg, Mackellar, Powles, Raymond. and Whitson were among those detailed for that solemn and august duty.
The long delays in the publication of this history, which must have tried your patience, have been unavoidable. For the first two years they have already been explained ; finan- cial embarrassments will account for the last year. The MS. of this book has been ready for the printer for more than a year.
There are certain comrades and others to whom I wish to make especial acknowledgments of services which they have rendered to the history: first and chiefly to James A. Bar- rett and William J. Carlton ; if their names recur frequently in the book, it is because they have been constantly active during its preparation. Major Barrett has been indefatiga- ble in securing subscriptions and given much time to pre- paring the Roster and Record, besides conducting a large correspondence. Indeed without him this history would never have been published. Captain Carlton has also given much work to the Roster and Record, and has prepared the valuable tabulations at its close ; he has procured the illustrations, and had the chief charge of printing and bind- ing the book. His judgment and experience have been greatly relied on throughout the entire work. I acknowl- edge gratefully their gratuitous contributions of valuable time and labor that this undertaking might succeed.
George B. Staley has been the treasurer of the fund for the History, and his fidelity and care of the finances deserve a grateful recognition.
Captain D. C. Knowles has made most valuable contribu-
ix
A PREFATORY LETTER
tions, as will appear upon their perusal. The various officers of the Veteran Association have helped the good work on by active sympathy and counsel.
Many comrades have loaned their diaries and letters, and contributed items of interest, and others have generously advanced money to make the publication of the book pos- sible.
Although the entire work has been done gratuitously, the cost of publishing this history has been nearly one thousand dollars. It is not supposed that the sales will more than meet the expenses. If, however, there should be a sur- plus, it will be turned into the treasury of the Veteran Association.
Among those who have helped by loans of money and large subscriptions are : Lieutenant-Colonel D. W. Strickland, Captain George W. Brush, Lieutenant R. F. Mackellar, Major Barrett, Quartermaster Avery, and Comrades Fletcher, Carlton, Doering, Holton, Hale, Knowles, Marten, Newman, Pugsley, Schultz, Stayley, Stoney, Shannon, Twamley, Tuttle, Wyckoff, and Mr. Benjamin Silliman of the Long Island Historical Society.
Among those who have loaned their diaries and other memoranda, I wish especially to mention Messrs. Acker, Conklin, Fagans, Frankenberg, Hibson, Cummings, Towns- end, Thompson, Wohlfarth, Mrs. Luther B. Wyman, and Mr. Charles Cowley.
General Viele and Colonel Barton have aided with valu- able suggestions. Senator George F. Hoar has kindly sent us a copy of the official list of casualties during the war. We are indebted to Henry W. Phillips for a loan of the History of the One Hundred and Fifteenth New York, and for a like favor to Lieutenant-Colonel Isaiah Price, author of the History of the Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania, which has been especially valuable.
Acknowledgments also should be made to the publishers of Lossing's History of the Civil War, from which many of the illustrations are taken, and to Mr. HI. P. Moore of Con-
x
A PREFATORY LETTER.
cord, N. H., who has given us the use of his negatives for the three pictures taken at Fort Pulaski.
The sister of Colonel Coan has furnished his portrait, and Colonel Barton his. Finally, to all the people who have wished us well and helped us as they were able, we gladly make acknowledgments.
And now this book, which has been to me a labor of love for the past three years,-in writing which I have lived over again many of the experiences herein described,-I send forth to the limited company of readers who will peruse its pages, not without consciousness of its imperfections : and I send with it greetings to all my comrades who may wel- come it, to their children who may treasure it, and to those dear people. unknown to me, who shall read with tears the record of this Forty-eighth New York, because of their loved ones who marched away with us four-and-twenty years ago but did not come back. To all who will care for it, I send it forth with the hope that it may serve, in some sense, to bind us all together into a loyal brotherhood of patriotic men who possess in common many glorious memories, and this one virtue: when our country, in her hour of peril, called us, we did not refuse to answer, nor send "substi- tutes," nor wait till we were bribed by bounty or coerced by conscription, but volunteered for her defence.
Whoever is also conscious that he did his duty faithfully, will find in that his best and lasting reward.
A. J. PALMER.
BROOKLYN, November, 1885.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
Organization-July 24 to September 16, 1861.
PAGE I
Colonel James H. Perry-Letter of Rev. J. B. Merwin-" Perry's Saints"- Camp Wyman. Fort Hamilton, July 24, 1361-Visit of Inspection by Governor E. D. Morgan and Staff-The Fête Champêtre -Colonel Perry's Horse-Letter from Dr. L. H. King-September 17, 1861, leave Fort Hamilton for the Front -The Field and Staff, and Commanders of Companies.
CHAPTER I.
To the Front-September 17 to December 31, 1861
IO
Leave Fort Hamilton-Through New Jersey-Supper at Philadelphia- Through Baltimore-At Washington-At Annapolis-The Forty-seventh New York-Flag Presentation-Last Sermon of Colonel Perry-October 18, embarked on Steamer Empire City-At Hampton Roads-Organization of the Expedition- ary Corps-October 20, the Expedition sails -- The Fleet-Sealed Orders -The Storm at Sea-Off Port Royal -. November 7th, the Battle of Port Royal-Landing at Hilton Head - In Camp - Contrabands -- Brigadier-General Viele - Lady Nurses-Drill-" Jeff "-Sickness-End of the year 1861.
CHAPTER III.
Port Royal Ferry to Fort Pulaski-January I to May 31, 1862
Expedition to Port Royal Ferry- Report of Colonel Perry-Back to Camp- Flag> presented-Captain Ward resigns-Private Reilly and the Bombshell -- Captain Q. A. Gillmore -- January 25, leave Hilton Head-Wreck of the Winfield Scott --. Dawfuskie Island - Our Camp revisited in 1884- . Major Beard-History of the Locality-Batteries "Vulcan" and " Hamilton" on Jones' and Bird's L'ind- -- Narrative of Captain Knowies -- The " Col! Chisel " Brigade -- Capt.un Gilmore a Tybee Island - General Hunter succee Is General T. W. Sherman- ipal io. Bombardment of Fort Pulaski-Capitulation -- Rattlesnakes -- The Goat News from the North-General Grant at Shiloh - The Sutler -- May 25, leave Dawfuskie Island for Fort Pulaski.
24
xii
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER IV.
Fort Pulaski-June 1, 1862, to May 31, 1863.
PAGE 11
The Fort-In Garrison-Fatigue Duty-Quarters in the Casemates -- The Fort revisited in 1884-Drill-Wreck of the Sutler's Schooner-Death of Colonel Perry-Colonel Barton succeeds to the Command-Captain Knowles resigns- Expedition to Bluffton-General Mitchel succeeds General Hunter-Visit and Address from General Mitchel-His Death-Chaplain Strickland-Pocotaligo and Coosawhatchie-Coosawhatchie revisited-Report of Colonel Barton -- Sports at Fort Pulaski-The Theatre-The " Barton Dramatic Association"-" Talking in the Ranks"-Order of Major Beard-Thanksgiving Day, 1862-Lieutenant- Colonel Beard resigns-Chaplain Strickland resigns-Flags of Truce-Colored Regiments-Lieutenant Corwin promoted-Capture of Steamer General Lee- Tybee-A Mammoth Sea-turtle-The Blockade-runner Ladona-Life in the Fort-The Ladies-The Musicians.
CHAPTER V.
Morris Island-June I to July 17, 1863.
70
General Gillmore succeeds General Hunter-The Department of the South- Operations against Charleston-Admiral Dahlgren succeeds Admiral Dupont- General George C. Strong-The "Fighting Brigade"-June 19, leave Fort Pulaski-Companies G and I remain-At St. Helena Island-Folly Island- Batteries-The Flotilla -- Lighthouse Inlet-July 10. the Assault on Morris Island -Death of Captain Lent-The Run up the Beach-The Fatal Halt-Casualties- July 11, Assault on Fort Wagner by Seventh Connecticut, Ninth Maine, and Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania-Their Repulse-Confederate Accounts of it- Building Batteries-A Confederate Sortie-Companies C and D in the Trenches -Lieutenant Tantum and the Rebel-Wilgus.
CHAPTER VI.
Fort Wagner-July 18, 1863.
"Battery" Wagner-Location-Construction-The Model at West Point- The Union Fleet-The Bombardment-The Confederate Garrison-Account of the Confederate General Taliaferro-Strong's "Fighting Brigade"-Putnam's and Stephenson's Brigades in Support-The Three Assaults-Charge of the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts-Their Repulse-Death of Colonel Shaw-Charge of Strong's Brigade-The Sixth Connecticut and Forty-eighth New York in Advance-Terrible Slaughter-Capture of the Southeast Bastion -Confederate Account-Losses-General Strong mortally wounded-Charge of Putnam's Brigade in Support-Its Failure-Lieutenant-Colonel Green killed-Colonel Barton wounded-Captains Farrell and Hurst killed-Lieutenant Edwards killed-Captain Paxson and Lieutenant Fox mortally wounded-The Defence of the Captured Bastion till Midnight-The Mistaken Volley from the Rear- A Costly Blunder -Calls for Reinforcements- Why they never came-" Hoiding the Fort"- Heroic " Privates"-The Midnight Surrender- - Account of Charles Cowley-Account of Confederate General Taliaferro -- " The Assailants As- sailed"-" Die-no-mores, follow me" -- Experiences of Private Conklin -- Blun- ders-Medals-Fate of the Prisoners -- Fort Wagner twice revisited-Its Final Capture.
95
xiii
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER VII.
PAGE
12S
Olustec-July 19, 1863, to April 22, 1864
After Port Wagner-July 22, leave Morris Island-Hilton Head -St. Augus- tine, Fla .- Beaufort, S. C .- Recruits, and Return of Wounded Men-Re-enlist- ment of Veterans-Festivities at the Holidays-" Les Enfans Perdu"-February 5, 1864, embark for the Expedition to Olustee-General Seymour advances- February 25, the Battle-Barton's Brigade-Losses-The Retreat-The Enemy -Story of Sergeant Lang-Lieutenant Keenan killed-March 9, Palatka, Fla .- Return of the " Veterans"-Farewell to the Department of the South -- April 20, sail from Port Royal.
CHAPTER VIII.
Army of the James-April 23 to December 31, 186.4.
140
Gloucester Point, Va .- The Tenth Army Corps-Grant-Butler-Gillmore- . Turner-Barton-Strickland-Review of the Army of the James-May 5, Ber- muda Hundred-" Gillmore's Rifles"-May 7, Battle of Chester Heights-May 12. Fort Darling-May 16. Drury's Bluff-The Battle in a Fog-Losses-Death of Captain Moser-Butler "bottled up"-May 28, leave Bermuda Hundred for Cold Harbor-The Army of the Potomac-Back from Prison-June 1 to 13, Battle of Cold Harbor-A Gallant Charge-Colonel Barton wounded-Loss of the Colors-Porch-Casualties-In the Rifle-pits-Grant's Change of Base-Covering the "Retreat"-Back to Bermuda Hundred-President Lincoln-Petersburg -- Change of Corps Commanders-Gillmore-Brooks-Birney- Barton's Brigade- June 30, an Assault ordered-Barton's Caution-Picket Duty-Duty in the Trenches-July 30, the Mine-The Explosion-The Assault-The Repulse- Colored Soldiers again-A Fatal Delay-Death of Major Swartwout-Back to Bermuda Hundred-Deep Bottom-Strawberry Plains-August 16. Death of Lieutenants Tantum and Sayres-Death of Captain D'Arcy-Back to Petersburg -Home after Three Years-Charge at New Market Heights-Fort Giiman- Death of General Birney-General Terry-Chapin's Farm -- Winter Quarters- General Barton resigns-The Twenty-fourth Corps -- General Ord.
CHAPTER IX.
Fort Fisher to the End-January I to September 12, 1865.
First Expedition against Fort Fisher-Failure-Back to Chapin's Farm- General Butler removed from his Command-General Ord succeeds him -- The Second Expedition-January 13, on Land-January 15, the Assault-Penny- packer's Brigade-Colonel Coan wounded-The Victory-The Race with the Colors-The Roll-call in Fort Fisher-Death of Captain Dunn-Tribute of Admiral Porter -- Letter of Secretary Stanton-The Advance towards Wilming- ton -- Capture of Fort Anderson-The End approaching-General Schofield- The Twenty-third Army Corps-February 21, Battle of Wilmington-Major Elfwing Wounded-Rescue of Union Prisoners-Their Sufferings-March 15, leave Wilmington for Goldsboro"-Sherman's Army-Richmond taken-Ap- pomattox - April 10, Raleigh- Death of President Lincoln-Surrender of John- sion-The End-September 3, Home-September 12, Mustered Out -- The Carcer of the Regiment-Chaplain Taylor-Chaplain Strickland-Surgeon Multord- Colonel Wm. B. Coan.
174
xiv
CONTENTS. CHAPTER X.
PAGE
Sketches of the Companies 200
CHAPTER XI.
After Twenty Years-April 21, 1881 218
Presentation of the Battle-flags of the Forty-eighth Regiment to the Long Island Historical Society-The Reunion-Collation -The Meeting in the Hall- Programme-Salutation by " Private" Palmer-Prayer by Chaplain Strickland- Sergeant Sparks and Corporal MeKie Bearing the Old Flags -- Address of Captain Knowles-Address of Rev. Dr. R. S. Storrs-Greeting General Gillmore -- The Forty-eighth New York Veteran Association.
ROSTER AND RECORD.
Field and Staff 247
Non-Commissioned Staff. 248
Company A. 249 Company B. 255
Company C .. 261
Company D 268
Company E.
275
Company F 282
Company G 280
Company H 296
Company I 302
Company K 305 Band. 314
TABLE OF CASUALTIES 315
GENERAL STATISTICS 316
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
The 48th Regiment N. Y. S. Vols, at Fort Pulaski, Ga Frontispiece Colonel James H. Perry, 48th Regiment N. Y. S. Vols. opposite 3
Union Refreshment Saloon, Philadelphia. II
Fort Walker 17
Fort Beauregard
17
Plan of Battle of Port Royal.
Admiral Dupont. 20
19
Map of Sea Islands
21
Drayton's Mansion
21
Pope's House
Fort Pulaski and its Environs 29
General David Hunter
36 37
Breach in Fort Pulaski
Fort Pulaski
42
43 A Company of the 4Sth Regiment N. Y. S. Vols. at Fort Pulaski. opposite Monument to Colonel Perry. 44
46
Headquarters of Generals Hunter and Mitchel.
General Mitchel.
The Planter. 51
65 Officers of the 48th Regiment N. Y. S. Vols, at Fort Pulaski. opposite Martello Tower, Tybee Island 66
General Gillmore 71
Admiral Dahlgren
72
Obstructions in Charleston Harbor. 73
General Strong. 77 Siege of Charleston 79
Hotub and Splinter Proof. So
Beacon House, Morris Island. 85
Fort Wagner at Point of First Assault 103
IS
xvi
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Fort Wagner-Sea-face Bastion, Point of Second and Third Assaults .. 105 PAGE
Fort Sumter after the Bombardment 124
Swamp Angel. 127
Live Oaks in Florida 138
General Grant. 141
Butler's Lines at Bermuda Hundred. 143
Position at Cold Harbor 150
Defences of Richmond and Petersburg 157
Fort Steadman. 15S
Grant's Headquarters at City Point. 16.4
Pontoon Bridge at Jones' Landing on James River 165
Bullet-proof in the Woods 167 Army Huts at Chapin's Farm. 171
v Colonel William B. Barton, 4Sth Regiment N. Y. S. Vols. opposite 172 Land and Sea Front of Fort Fisher 175
Mound Battery at Fort Fisher. 175
Interior of Fort Fisher : So Pickets. 168
Army Signal Telegraph. 190
McLean House, Place of Lee's Surrender 191 Place of Johnston's Surrender. 192
& Colonel William B. Coan, 48th Regiment N. Y. S. Vols
opposite 195
ERRATA.
Page 36, 9th line, read Totten for Potter
45, 32d " Company B for C
67, 5th " Ladona for Sadowa
" 121, 13th " Crammer for Cranmer
.. 151, 13th " Ingraham for Ingham
152, last one for five
" 153. first " five for four, and forty three for eighty
" 16 ;. first .. .. two for one, and forty for three
" 167, second " twenty-five for fifty
" 169, 10th 28th for 18th
FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, NEW YORK STATE VOLUNTEERS.
CHAPTER I.
Organization-July 24 to September 16, 1861.
Colonel James H. Perry-Letter of Rev. J. B. Merwin-" Perry's Saints" -Camp Wyman, Fort Hamilton, July 24, 1861-Visit of Inspection by Governor E. D. Morgan and Staff-The Fête Champêtre-Colonel Perry's Horse-Letter from Dr. L. H. King-Sept. 17, 1861-Leave Fort Hamilton for the Front-The Field and Staff, and Commanders of Companies.
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