USA > New York > Kings County > Williamsburgh > A history of the city of Brooklyn : including the old town and village of Brooklyn, the town of Bushwick, and the village and city of Williamsburgh > Part 7
USA > New York > Kings County > Bushwick > A history of the city of Brooklyn : including the old town and village of Brooklyn, the town of Bushwick, and the village and city of Williamsburgh > Part 7
USA > New York > Kings County > Brooklyn > A history of the city of Brooklyn : including the old town and village of Brooklyn, the town of Bushwick, and the village and city of Williamsburgh > Part 7
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Tradition asserts that Red Hook and Governor's Island were once connected, and that people and cattle waded across Buttermilk Channel.' The legend probably originated in statements made by witnesses in a trial which took place in 1741, between Israel Hors- field, plaintiff, and Hans Bergen, at fondant, as to the boundaries of their respective farms. The theory, sustained by some in support of this tradition, that the docks erected along the New York shore effected a change by diverting the currents of the East River to- wards Buttermilk Channel, is hardly tenable. Old traditions, how-
1 Onderdonk, Rev., Incidents Kings County, 117. In 1744 a battery of eight guns had been erected on this point. See Valentine's Manual of Common Council.
2 Benson's Memoir, p. 16.
8 Deed of Matthias Van Dyke to Nich. Van Dyke, Feb. 7, 1742, King's County Conv., lib. v. 120. " Meuwee" (from the Dutch meeuw, and German mewe) signifies " a gull ;" and the Point probably derived its name from its being a common resort of sea-fowl.
4 Furman's Notes mentions it as " an established fact," and is followed by subse- quent historians of Long Island. Buttermilk Channel is so called, undoubtedly, from the abundant white foam on the water, in a part of the channel where the tide of the East River, passing through the channel, meets that of the North River.
6 See Appendix, No. 5.
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62
HISTORY OF BROOKLYN.
respective families, during the Revolutionary war, and were described as " good staunch whigs and very clever folks." At the time of the battle of Long Island a fort was erected here, named Defiance, and mounting four 18-pounders, en barbette.
The Nicholas Van Dyke mill, which was erected after the date of Ratzer's map, on the same pond, was located on the ground now bounded by the present Van Brunt and Richards, Van Dyck and Partition streets ; the dwelling-house being on the northeast corner of Van Dyck and Van Brunt streets. This mill was called the " Ginger Mill," by which name it is yet distinctly remembered by some of our oldest citizens.
Boompties Hoek, or " tree-point," sometimes corrupted to Bombay Hook,' was the name applied to the southerly projection of Red Hook, and which, in common with all the natural features of this vicinity, has shared the oblivion consequent upon recent city im -. provements. "The Hook" originally extended from about the junc- tion of the present Otsego and Cuba streets (where its memory is still preserved by " Bomptje's Hook Wharf") around to " Meuwee Point,' as it was called, at about the junction of the present Henry, Bay, and Grinnell streets.
Tradition asserts that Red Hook and Governor's Island were once connected, and that people and cattle waded across Buttermilk Channel." The legend probably originated in statements made by witnesses in a trial which took place in 1741, between Israel Hors- field, plaintiff, and Hans Bergen, at fondant, as to the boundaries of their respective farms." The theory, sustained by some in support of this tradition, that the docks erected along the New York shore effected a change by diverting the currents of the East River to- wards Buttermilk Channel, is hardly tenable. Old traditions,. how-
1 Onderdonk, Rev., Incidents Kings County, 117. In 1744 a battery of eight guns had been erected on this point. See Valentine's Manual of Common Council.
9 Benson's Memoir, p. 16.
8 Deed of Matthias Van Dyke to Nich. Van Dyke, Feb. 7, 1742, King's County Conv., lib. v. 120. " Meuwee" (from the Dutch meeuw, and German mewe) signifies " a gull ;" and the Point probably derived its name from its being a common resort of sea-fowl.
4 Furman's Notes mentions it as " an established fact," and is followed by subse- quent historians of Long Island. Buttermilk Channel is so called, undoubtedly, from the abundant white foam on the water, in a part of the channel where the tide of the East River, passing through the channel, meets that of the North River.
6 See Appendix, No. 5.
REFERENCES.
I VAN DYKE MANSION &,. page 61
2 SEABRINGS MANSION. Are pagr 6;
3 JACOB BERGENS HOUSE, Torn down some tin vrars aqu
4 FREDERICK LUBBERTSE'S HOUSE, after wards owned by iohannis, father of Jacob Reryen
S THE VECHTE-CORTELYOU HOUSE, See
6 THE TEUNIS TIEBDUT HOUSE, urar Fourth Wand and Sixth St , nun owned by har. , late Theodorus Bolhemus
7 HOUSE BUILT BY MICHAEL BERGEN, on or ginal patent of Albert cornelissen Wimtanaa, re Pasle at time of Revolution by Michael Grant. grandson of Michael Bergen' und by him wld Jorge Powers
8 THE COWENHOVEN HOUSE
9 THE HOUSE OF JORIS JANSE DE RAPALIE, See page Du
10 The old JACOB VAN BRUNT HOUSE
Il The hill fortified in the Revoluture to Fire Put OH now known as FORT GREEN .r. Wish- nyt & Birk
12 THE DUFFIELD HOUSE, In />2> a wzh sur ... was made which included the houve but was raised by Mrs D - Advantage was taken of her temporary ubsmnie in New York , im a gr town day, and the long run over the prima . Duffield street cut off part of the Dutch kitchen en in engraving Yes pour 192
.3 THE OLD CHURCH Mr pag. 192
14 The old DE BEVOISE HOUSE, afterwards Hershehu
15 OLO BRICK HOUSE, near ter of Fulton and Nas San is Owned by Laar Nichols
16 The SWERTCOPE HOUSE
17 LIVINGSTONS DISTILLERY foot af present Jarulemnom ot
18 The OLD BROUWER MILL . or Pepper Mill"Fricke 19 Hommes Mill, or Lower Mill afterwards Derden. 20 The GOV COLDEN HOUSE . WY pam: 309 21. Tre BAMPER HOUSE,Se per 308 22 The MIDDAGH HDUSE
23 BERGEHS HIL -.
A CORPORATION HOUSE Med paga di
B iv, , bridge between Red Hawk und mainland in much about 10Of west of Dwight St CEDAR TREE HILL
D KDETIES KILL, from Knorge a saw, its entraru + en Furt Hwir war between Tremont & Willwum JU 150R out of Van Brit Pt.
E CRAVERS WILL erroneously confounded in 1.Hi st with Kodies hill Ha enfrance or Raat Hiver was at NE un Ewer & Van Brun
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63
HISTORY OF BROOKLYN.
ever, on being compared with documentary evidence, are found to be very unreliable ; for Ratzer's map of 1766, which is a remark- ably careful and accurate survey by an accomplished engineer of the British army, gives three fathoms as the least depth of that chan- nel ! And no docks, certainly, until about the period of the trial, were built east of Wall street, which could have had the least effect in affecting the currents of the river in the manner supposed. It is well known, also, to residents on the bay of New York, that the loss by abrasion on its shores is caused mainly by the waves during storms and high tides, and very little, if any, by the ordinary currents.
IV.
We come, next, to the consideration of FREDERIC LUBBERTSEN'S1 patent, dated May 27, 1640. His farm comprised the whole neck of land between the East River and Gowanus Creek, northeast of the meadows which formerly separated Red Hook from Brooklyn. This neck, formerly known as the "neck of Brookland" or " Lub- bertsen's neck," has now lost its original appearance by the filling in of the Atlantic Docks, the grading of streets, and the various
1 Lubbertse, an early emigrant to this country, seems to have been a sailor, as he held the position of chief boatswain to Governor Kieft in 1638, and was then a resi- dent of New Amsterdam. In 1641 he was one of the Twelve Men chosen by the com- monalty, and in 1643 purchased a house in Smit's Valley, which, in 1653, he sold to Albert Cornelissen, and removed to Breuckelen, which town he represented in the general convention held at New Amsterdam in December of that year. In 1653, '54, '55, '64, and 1673 he was a magistrate of Breuckelen ; on the 17th April, 1657, was created a " small burgher" of New Amsterdam ; and in February, 1660, was assessed in that city for repairs made to the " Heere Graght" (canal), on the north side of which he owned a lot. In February, 1662, he was an unsuccessful candidate for the office of burgomaster in the city, and in July, 1663, represented Breuckelen in the convention called to secure the co-operation of the Dutch towns in a system of armed defence. He died in 1680. In 1657 he married a second wife, Tryntie Hendricks, widow of Cornelis Petersen (Vroom), who, at the time of this marriage, had by her first husband three sons-Cornelis Corssen (Vroom), aged twelve ; Peter, aged six ; and Hendrick, aged three years. Lubbertse, also, had by his first wife, Styntie Hendricks (possibly a sister of his second wife) three daughters-Elsje, who married Jacob Hansen Bergen ; Rebecca, who married Jacob Leendertse van der Grift ; and Aeltje, who married Cornelis Seubring. Of the Corsens, Cornelis married in Breuckelen, and removed to Staten Island, where he became the ancestor of the Corsen family there. Hendrick married also in Breuckelen, and settled on the Raritan, where his descendants are numerous by the name of Vroom, one of whom is Governor Vroom of New Jersey. Peter Corsen remained in Breuckelen, where he married.
64
HISTORY OF BROOKLYN.
improvements of the modern city ; and Lubbertsen's farm can only be defined, in general terms, as bounded by a line drawn between Degraw and Harrison streets west of Court street, the East River, Hamilton avenue, Gowanus Creek, and by Warren street east of Court.1 This tract is described in the patent as land
"lying on Long Island, at Merechkawickingh,2 near to Werpos,3 ex- tending in breadth from the kil and marsh coming from Gouwanus north- west by north, and from the beach on the East River with a course south- east by east 1700 paces of 3 feet to a pace; and in the length, from the end of said. kil northeast by east and southwest by west4 to the Red Hook."5 This was accompanied with the " express condition that when- ever the Indians shall be willing to part with the maize-land lying next to the aforesaid land, then Frederick Lubbertsen shall have the privilege of en- tering upon ( ¿. e., occupying) the same, in the breadth of the aforesaid parcel of land, and extending from that, without his being hindered by any one."
This Indian " maize-land" or cornfield was situated along the east side of Court street, somewhere between Atlantic and Baltic streets, and was probably in possession of the Indians two years later, in 1642, when it is called " Sassian's maize-land," and mentioned as one of the boundaries of Manje's patent. Three years after this, in 1645, it is mentioned in both Hudde's and Ruyter's patents as " Frederick Lubbertsen's maize-land." It is quite possible that the
1 Lubbertse's patent appears to have covered (with the exception of Red Hook) a large portion of what is now familiarly known as South Brooklyn, comprising a large tract of upland, together with the adjoining salt meadows and marsh, which formerly separated Red Hook from the mainland ; extending 5,100 feet along the East River, in ad dition to the water-front on Gowanus Cove and the Mill Creek, and including a portion of the surrounding salt meadows. These lands, afterwards owned by the Seabrings, and subsequently by the Cornells, are designated in Butt's map as lands of Luquer, Bergen, Coles, Conover, Hoyt, Cornell, Kelsey and Blake, Jolinson, Heeney, and others.
2 Or "Merechawieck," which name, although originally applied to the Waal-boght, was also used to designate the country between that bay and the head of the Gowanus Kil.
3 Or Warpoes, from warbase or warpoos, a Dutch word signifying a hare. The name was applied to a place near the head of Gowanus Kil (see testimony of Peter Stryker, in case of Horsfield vs. Heirs of Hans Bergen, in Appendix, No. 5), and probably derived its significancy from the fact that the place abounded with these animals. There was a place on Manhattan Island bearing the same name. See Benson's Memoir, p. 7; Schoolcraft, in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Proceedings, 1844, p. 93 ; E. B. O'Calla- ghan, Hist. Mag., iii. 85.
4 W. S. W. by W.
5 Patents, Book G G. 53.
65
HISTORY OF BROOKLYN.
natives became dispossessed of the property during the troubles consequent upon the Indian war of 1643.
But, although thus early in possession, Lubbertsen did not take up his residence upon the land until some thirteen years after, in 1653. He received from Governor Nicolls a confirmatory patent of the above lands, dated March 28, 1667,1 and devised them by will, Nov. 22, 1679," to " his own two daughters, Aeltie, the wife of Cornelis Seubring, and Elsie, the wife of Jacob Hansen Bergen, each one a plantation as then in fence ; and to his wife's two sons, Peter and Hendrick Corsen (Vroom), by her former husband, other lots."""
On the 17th of April, 1726, agreeable to an award of commis- sioners appointed to divide the property, Lubbertse's two daugh- ters, Aeltje (then the widow of Cornelis) Seabringh, and Jacob Han- sen Bergen and his wife Elsie, executed releases to one another.
Bergen's property, consisting of over two hundred acres, was given to their eldest son, Hans Jacobse Bergen, in 1732,4 who sub- sequently resided upon his grandfather Lubbertse's patent, in South Brooklyn, his land extending to the head of Freeke's Mill- pond. He died before 1749, and by his will, made in 1743, a por- tion, if not the whole of his farm, became the property of his only son, Jacob Bergen, who occupied the old Lubbertse dwelling-house, near the junction of the present Hoyt and Warren streets. That portion (one hundred and thirty acres) of land, located in the vicin- ity of Court street and Gowanus Creek, and designated on Butt's map as land of Jacob Bergen and Jordan Coles, was conveyed by him to John Rapalie, in 1750, for £700 ;5 " and it is probable," says Mr. T. G. Bergen, " that he sold during his lifetime, although the deeds have not been seen, other portions of his patrimonial estate, and that he purchased a portion of Gerret Wolphertse Van Couven-
1 Liber iv., Patents, p. 30, office Sec. State.
9 Liber i., Conveyances, 130, Kings County.
3 Testimony of Abraham Lott in case of Horsfield vs. Heirs of Hans Bergen.
4 Kings County Conveyances, lib. v. 160.
5 Kings County Conveyances, lib. v. p. 164. Rapelje, in 1794, conveyed the main portion of this purchase to Robert Stoddard, having previously sold a portion to Jor- dan Coles. One hundred and ten acres of this was sold by Stoddard, in 1799, to Jacob Bergen, for $8,750.
66
HISTORY OF BROOKLYN.
hoven's patent (since of George Bergen, and afterwards of Hors- field), and a portion of Jan Evertse Bout's patent (since of Debe- voise, and afterwards of Horsfield), said purchased lands lying between the northerly portion of his patrimonial estate and those of Van Rossum's patent (once of Michael Hanse Bergen, and late of Powers). This probability is founded on the fact, that the Van Brunts, the descendants of his daughter Sarah, owned said portions of Van Couvenhoven's and Bout's patents, and that they resided in the ancient dwelling-house located on the Bout patent, which the spirit of improvement, caused by the spread of the city, some twenty years ago, swept out of existence."1
That portion of the original Lubbertse estate devised to his two step-sons by his first wife, Peter and Hendrick Corssen (Vroom), finally passed into the hands of the former. In August, 1689, we find two indentures or agreements, of similar import, executed between one " John Marsh, of New Jersey," and Corssen, and Cor- nelis Subring, the husband of his step-sister Aeltje, concerning the erection of " a water-mill for grinding of corn," located "at the southwest side of the Graver's Kill, within the meadows belonging severally to Corssen and Sebring," over against New York. Marsh was allowed to make a dam in the said kill, near the house of Peter Wynants, and was to pay, for the privilege of building the said mill, " 700 feet of good canoe wood, one half inch thick, to both Sebring and Corssen, and to grind for them corn for their own family use, free of charge, so long as the mill remained there." This was the mill designated on Ratzer's map, and subsequently known as Cornelius Sebring's Mill, and still later as Cornell's or the " Red Mill," situated south of present Harrison street, between Columbia street and Tiffany Place, and about opposite to Sedgwick street.2 It probably passed into Sebring's hands prior to March, 1698, at which time Corssen conveyed to Sebring, land,
"in the neck of Brookland, commonly called by the name of Frederick Lubbertsen's neck, and formerly in the occupation of the said Lubbertsen ; bounded east by the land of Jacob Hansen (Bergen) ; west, by the Red
1 For various conveyances, mortgages, etc., of portions of this land, see Kings County Conveyances, lib. i. pp. 157, 180, 271.
2 Map of property in Sixth Ward, belonging to Kelsey, Blake, and other heirs of John Cornell, deceased 1838.
67
HISTORY OF BROOKLYN.
Hook and Koll's Kyer Kill, so called (Graver's Kill) ; and north, by the lands of said Cornelius Sebring,"1
amounting to one hundred acres, with the meadows thereto apper- taining. A bond, executed on 20th of same month,2 binds Subering to maintain Peter Corssen, furnishing him with suitable board, clothing, etc., from which it may be inferred that Corssen's wife was at this time dead, and that he had no surviving children.
Along the shore, between the mouth of the Gowanus Creek and the place designated on Ratzer's map as I. Seabring's mill, and at about the junction of present Court and Sigourney streets, were a few sand-hills, known to the ancient Dutch as the Roode Hoogtjs, or " Red Heights."
This Seabring mill was built prior to 1766, the mill-pond being formed by enclosing, with a lengthy dam, a small cove and creek near the head of Gowanus Bay. The mill itself was located on the northeast corner of the present Hicks and Hunting- ton streets, the Seabring house being on the north line of the latter street, between Hicks and Columbia streets. These mills became known, later, as the "Luquer Mills." One of the old mill-buildings, between Hicks and Columbia, Nelson and Luqueer streets, is still used as a white-lead factory, and the old dam extended from about the corner of Bush and Hicks to near the corner of Grinnell and Clinton streets.3 On the Lubbertse patent, also, on the north side of the present Ninth street, between Smith street and Gowanus Canal, was the mill and mill-pond, built originally by John Rapelje, after 1766, and better known as "Cole's Mill." The mill-pond was an artificial work, being excavated out of the marsh, on the side of Gowanus Kil, by negro labor. Jordan Cole's house was situated on Ninth street, between Gowanus Canal and Smith street, and to the east of the latter.
On Ratzer's map may be seen, southerly from the Graver's Kill, a canal, running from the East River to Gowanus Cove, and sep- arating Red Hook from the mainland. This canal originated in the necessity which presented itself to the residents of the Gowanus district, of avoiding the difficult and dangerous navigation around
1 Kings County Conveyances, liber ii. 162. 2 Ib., 164.
¿ See map of property of Nicholas Luquer, sold at auction, Feb., 1833. The mill- pond is there estimated as covering 20 acres, 1 rod, 10 poles.
68
HISTORY OF BROOKLYN.
Red Hook, by row-boats. In May, 1664, Adam Brouwer, who had a mill on the Gowanus Creek, at the place more lately known as Denton's Mill-pond, petitioned the Governor and Council, in the name and behalf of the inhabitants of Gowanus, thus :1
" To the Right Honble Director-General and Council of New Netherland : " Respectfully sheweth Adam Brouwer, in the name of the inhabitants of Gowanes and other persons at the Manhattans, that there is situate a kil at the end of Frederick Lubbertsen's land, and between (that and) the Red Hook, which might be made fit to pass through it to the Gouwanes and the Mill, without going west of the Red Hook, where the water is ordinarily shallow, inasmuch as the said kill, which now is blocked up by sand at the end, might be made, without much trouble of digging, fit and navigable for the passage of boats laden with a hundred skepels of grain, full of wood and other articles ; and whereas your petitioner knows that neither he nor others, in whose name and his application is made to your Honors, can attempt or undertake to dredge or render navigable the aforesaid kill, without the special approbation and consent of your Hon- ors, therefore the Petitioner turns to your Honors, respectfully praying, in the names as aforesaid, that your Honors would be pleased to consent and allow that the kill aforesaid, at the cost as above mentioned, may be dredged and rendered navigable, which would greatly serve to the accom- modation of the inhabitants here and at Gouwanes, and to all appearanee, in time of storm, prevent accidents. Awaiting hereupon your Honors' favorable apostile, which granting, I remain, your Honors' humble servant,
ADAM
" Mark of B BROUWER.
JAN PIETERSEN.
WILLEM BREDENBENT.
GERRIT GERRITSE.
The mark of JANNBEUS.
JACOB TEUNISSEN KEY.
Mark of LEFFER JANNSEN.
HENDRICK WILLEMSEN.
Mark of JAN LEFFERSEN.
JAN GERRITSEN of Bredenhiesen.
LOUWERENS VAN DE SPIGHEL.
HENDRICK JANS VAN FEURDE.
HANCK DE FOREEST.
JOHANNES LOUWER.
Mark IT of BARENT LEFFERSEN.
Mark THOMAS WARTONN (or NEWTOUN ?)"
9 N. Y. Col. MSS., x. Part iii. 225, May 29, 1664.
Mark WILLEM WILLEMSEN.
69
HISTORY OF BROOKLYN.
Frederic Lubbertsen, to whom the said marsh belonged, was also examined, and said he had no objection. So they were allowed to deepen the kil at their own expense ; with reservation, however, of Fred. Lubbertsen's right in the property. The petition was granted, and the settlers were thus relieved of the necessity of going around the Hook. In August, 1751, Isaac Sebring, in con- sideration of £117, conveyed to Nicholas Vechte, Jurry Brouwer, and others, all Gowanus residents, the fee of a strip of meadow, " beginning at the east side of a little island where John Van Dyke's long mill-dam is bounded upon, running from thence north- erly into the river," and twelve feet and a half wide. He was also to make a ditch along this strip at least six feet deep, and to allow the grantees the use of a "foot-path, two foot and a half wide, to dragg or hall up their canoes or boats." March 16, 1774, the Colonial Assembly of the State passed an act empowering the people of Gowanus to widen the canal, keep it in order, and tax those who used it. This canal was partially closed, some twenty-five years ago, by improvements at Atlantic Dock, but there are persons yet living who have frequently passed through it with their boats, in going to or returning from New York.
V.
We come next to the farm of CLAES JANSEN VAN NAERDEN, called in his neighbor Manje's patent, Claes Janse Ruyter. He received, September 30, 1645, from Governor Kieft, a patent of
" land, lying about south by east, a little easterly, over against the Fort, on Long Island, and bounded on the southwest and southeast sides by Frederick Lubbertsen, and on the northeast side by Jan Manje; it ex- tends along the said Jan Manje's land from the beach, southeast one half point easterly, one hundred and eighty rods, then southeast fifty rods, south round the hill southwest by west and west southwest eighty rods ; again through the woods next to the said Frederick's northwest by north one hundred and eighty rods, yet fifty rods more northwest by west, further along the beach seventy-four rods, amounting in all to twenty-one mor- gens, two hundred rods." 1
1 Kings County Conveyances, liber ii. 245, 246.
70
HISTORY OF BROOKLYN.
This tract was conveyed by Claes Janse, March 11, 1660, to Machiel Tuddens, and by him transported, April 3, 1666, to Michael Hayneste (probably Hainelle), from whose heirs it was subsequently purchased by Dirck Janse Woertman.
VI.
Next to Ruyter's patent, on the East River, lay that of JAN MANJE, granted to him by Governor Kieft, Sept. 11, 1642, and described as " a piece of land, greatly (i. e., of the size of) twenty morgen, lying about southeast a little easterly, over against the fort in New Amsterdam, in Breuckelen, stretching about southeast one hundred and ninety rods inward the woods towards Sassian's maize-land, along the limits of the said maize- land fifty rods, and then again to the water-side two hundred and twenty rods, north northwest well, so northerly, and along the strand or water- side seventy rods. Which aforesaid land is lying upon Long Island, between Andries Hudde and Claes Janse Ruyter."1
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