USA > New York > A history of the purchase and settlement of western New York : and of the rise, progress and present state of the Presbyterian Church in that section > Part 2
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CHAPTER XIV.
Character of Revivals in Western New York, and means employed during the last twenty years. Testimony of the General Assembly, Synod of Geneva, Presbytery of Geneva. Three and four days' meetings. Protracted meetings. Evangelists, Leaders in protracted meetings, character of their preaching, Doctrine advanced. Rev. Charles G. Finney ; Rev. Jedidiah Burchard ; Rev. Samuel G. Orton ; Rev. James Boyle ; Rev. Augustus Littlejohn. Resolution of the Presbytery of Angelica respecting Rev. David Slie. Presbytery of Genesee testify against the " American Revivalist and Rochester Observer." Presbytery of Ontario against the course pur- sued by Mr. Littlejohn. Presbytery of Cayuga against Mr. Myrick. Testimony of the Presbytery of Chenango ; of the Synod of Geneva respecting the Central Evan- gelical Association of New York. Conclusion .- PAGE 159.
CHAPTER XV.
History of Missionary operations in Western New York. The General Association of Connecticut sends Missionaries to Western New York. Specimen of their labors. Becomes the Missionary Society of Connecticut : its operations in Western New York. The General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church : early condition of the Presbyterian Church. Incipient steps with reference to Missions. Appointment of Missionaries to Western New York. Committee of Missions : Board of Missions. Change in the mode of employing Missionaries. Massachusetts Missionary Society, Berkshire and Columbia Missionary Society ; Hampshire Missionary Society. So-
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ciety for propagating the Gospel among the Indians and others of North America" New Hampshire Missionary Society. Morris County Associated Presbytery. Re- formed Dutch Church .- PAGE 176.
CHAPTER XVI.
Genesee Missionary Society, its organization, operations ; Funds derived from Female Associations, Indian School, Dissolution of the Society. Female Missionary Society of the Western District ; Young People's Missionary Society of Western New York ; the Western Domestic Missionary Society, Auxiliary to the American Home Mis- sionary Society. Young Men's Missionary Society of New York. The New York Evangelical Missionary Society. United Domestic Missionary Society. American Home Missionary Society, its Object, its Auxiliaries, and Agencies; Western Agency, Central Agency : Mode of Operations. Field of Labor : Amount of Ser- vice. Operations of the Society in Western New York: Result of these Opera- tions .- PAGE 190.
CHAPTER XVII.
History of the Theological Seminary of Auburn. Action of the Synod of Geneva ; of the General Assembly. Seminary located at Auburn : Labor commenced. Act of Incorporation. Corner-Stone laid. Seminary. Buildings. First Meeting of the Boards of Trustees and Commissioners. Dr. Richards elected Professor of Theo- logy, but declined. Dr. Mills, Dr. Perrine, and Dr. Lansing elected Professors, Inaugurated. Instruction in the Seminary commenced. Ordinances of the Semi- nary. Course of Study. Anniversary. Vacations. Results of twenty-three years. Professorship founded by Arthur Tappan. Dr. Richards elected Professor. Dr. Lansing's Resignation. Bellamy and Edwards Professorship. Dr. Cox elected Professor. Death of Dr. Perrine. Dr. Halsey elected Professor. Dr. Cox's Re- signation. Dr. Dickinson elected Professor. Death of Dr. Richards. Dr. Halsey's Resignation. Dr. Hickok elected Professor. Dr. Dickinson's Resignation. Mr. Hopkins elected Teacher of Ecclesiastical History. Mr. Smith elected Professor. Funds of the Seminary .- PAGE 203.
CHAPTER XVIII.
The Exscinding Act of 1837. Terms, " Old School" and "New School." Alleged Reasons for the Act. Plan of Union, its Origin. State of the Churches in Western New York. Examination of the Plan of Union : Examination of the Reasons al- leged for the Exscinding Act. Manner in which the Synods and Presbyteries were constituted. Charge of " Gross Disorders" examined. " Great errors in Doctrine" charged on the Exscinded Synods, or vague expression. Testimony and Memorial. List of errors. Extracts from the Minutes of the Synod of Geneva, the Synod of Genesee, the Presbytery of Buffalo. Report of the Convention of Auburn .- PAGE 222.
CHAPTER XIX.
The Subject continued. The real Reasons for the Exscinding Act, Difference in Doc- trinal Views, Difference in Judgment, how to conduct the Benevolent Operations of the Church. Determination of the Old School Party to secure a Majority in the Assembly. Measures adopted. Plan of Union abrogated : Committee of Ten, and their Report : Excision of the Synod of the Western Reserve : Declaration against
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the American Home Missionary Society, and American Education Society. Ex- cision of the Synods of Utica, Geneva, and Genesee. Dissolution of the Third Presbytery of Philadelphia. Organization of a Board of Foreign Missions. Testi- mony against Doctrinal Errors. Order to the Synods of Albany, New Jersey, Michigan, Cincinnati, and Illinois. State of feeling produced in Western New York in view of the Exscinding Act. Fourth Resolution of the Assembly, how understood. Strictures on this Resolution. Attempt of the General Association of New York to divide the Churches ; these attempts abortive. Auburn Convention, Resolutions passed, Committees appointed, and their Reports ; unanimity of the Con- vention. Results of the Meeting. Commissioners of the Exscinded Presbyteries attend the Meeting of the General Assembly of 1838 : their Commissions rejected. Assembly organized. Statistics of the New School Presbyterian Church : Statistics of the Old School Presbyterian Church in Western New York. Formation of Pres- byteries and a Synod. Increase of the New School Church in Western New York. -PAGE 241.
CHAPTER XX.
Course of Congregational Ministers and Churches after the Dissolution of the Asso- ciations. Rev. John Taylor. Genesee Consociation : the Monroe Association : the Consociation of Western New York. Attention paid by the New School Churches to the Benevolent Enterprises of the day. Home Missions : Foreign Missions : Bible Societies : Cayuga Bible Society : Female Bible Society of Geneva; Cort- land Female Bible Society : other Societies Auxiliary to the American Bible So- ciety : the Monroe County Bible Society. Education of Poor and Pious Youth for the Ministry : Recommendations of the General Assembly on this Subject. Action of the Presbyteries. Western Education Society : Tract Societies: Tract Distri- bution, Colporteurs. Sabbath Schools : Genesee Sabbath School Union : County Unions. Sabbath School Statistics for 1833 .- PAGE 253.
CHAPTER XXI.
Biographical Notices of Deceased Ministers .- Rev. Jedidiah Chapman : Rev. David Higgins : Rev. Henry Axtell, D.D .: Rev. Matthew L. R. Perrine, D.D. : Rev. Ebenezer Fitch, D.D .: Rev. James Richards, D.D. : Rev. Beriah Hotchkin .- PAGE 264.
CHAPTER XXII.
History of Individual Churches, Synod of Geneva, Presbytery of Chenango :- Sher- burne, Smyrna, Otselic, East Lincklaen, East Pharsalia, Pharsalia First Congrega- tional, Plymouth, South New Berlin, Norwich, Preston, M'Donough, Smithville, Oxford, Guilford, Bainbridge, South Bainbridge, Bainbridge and Nineveh, Harpers- ville, Coventry First Church, Coventry Second Church, Green, Masonville, Coles- ville, Windsor, Barker, Triangle, Rockdale .- PAGE 288.
CHAPTER XXIII.
Presbytery of Onondaga .- Nelson, Peterboro' or Smithfield, Cazenovia, Canaseraga, Lenox, Wampsville, Oneida Lake, Ridgeville, Chittenango, Matthews's Mills, Man- lius, Manlius Centre, Oran, Pompey, Pompey Centre, Delphi, Tully, Otisco, La Fayette, Jamesville, Fayetteville, De Witt or Orville, Britton Settlement, Cicero,
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CONTENTS.
Liverpool, Salina, Syracuse, Syracuse Congregational Church ; Syracuse Second Presbyterian Church : Onondaga West Hill, Onondaga Hollow, South Onondaga : Camillus, Camillus Third Church : Van Buren, Amboy, Baldwinsville, Lysander .- PAGE 307.
CHAPTER XXIV.
Presbytery of Cayuga .- Victory, Ira, Cato, Weedsport, Mentz, Montezuma, Elbridge Jordan, Marcellus First Church, Marcellus Second Church, Skeneatoles, Borodino, Sennett, Auburn First Church, Auburn Second Church, Cayuga Village, Aurelius, Springport, Fleming, Scipio Second Church, Scipio First Church, Aurora, Mo- ravia, Summer Hill, Milan, Genoa First Church, Genoa Second Church, Genoa Third Church, Lansing, Genoa Free Congregational, East Groton, Kingston .- PAGE 333.
CHAPTER XXV.
Presbytery of Geneva :- Wolcott Second Church, Wolcott, Huron, Sodus, Wayne, Wil- liamson, Pulteneyville, Ontario, Walworth, Marion, Rose, Savannah, Clyde, Lyons, Newark, Port Gibson, East Palmyra, Palmyra, Farmington, Vienna, Phelps, Junius, Tyre, Seneca Falls, Waterloo, Canoga, Fayette, Geneva, Castleton, Hopewell, Chapinsville, Rushville, Gorham, Romulus, Ovid, West Dresden, Bellona, Pennyan, Branchport, Pontiac, Canandaigua .- PAGE 363.
CHAPTER XXVI.
Presbytery of Ithaca :- Peruville, West Groton, Ludlowville, Trumansburgh, Hector, Burdett, Mecklenburgh, Enfield, Ithaca, Varna, Dryden, Caroline, Derby, Newfield. PAGE 401.
CHAPTER XXVII.
Presbytery of Cortland :- De Ruyter, Lincklaen, Truxton, Preble, Preble Corners, Scott, Homer, Cortlandville, M'Grawville, Solon, Pitcher, Cincinnatus and Solon, Freetown, Virgil, Virgil Second Church, Harford, Marathon, Lisle .- PAGE 416.
CHAPTER XXVIII.
Presbytery of Tioga :- Centre Lisle, Richford, Berkshire, Newark, Newark Second Church, Candor, Spencer, Newfield Second Church, Veteran, Union First Congre- gational, Union, Binghampton, Binghampton Congregational, Castle Creek, Conk- lin, East Owego, Owego, Tioga, Nichols -PAGE 429.
CHAPTER XXIX.
Presbytery of Chemung :- Reading, Havanna, Catlin, Mead's Creek, Campbell, Horn- by, Millport, Fairport, Elmira, Elmira Congregational, Chemung, Athens, South - port, Big Flats, Corning, Painted Post First Church, Painted Post Second Church, Painted Post Village, Erwin, Addison, Thurston, Woodhull, Troupsburgh, Green- wood .- PAGE 441.
CHAPTER XXX.
Presbytery of Bath :- Starkey, Dundee, Rock Stream, Barrington, Wayne, Tyrone, Pulteney, Prattsburgh, Naples, Conhocton, South Dansville, Howard Second Church, Howard, Kennedyville, Wheeler, Hammondsport, Bath, Cameron, Hornellsville, Jas- per .- PAGE 458.
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CHAPTER XXXI.
Synod of Genesee .- Presbytery of Rochester :- Webster, Penfield, Bushnell's Basin, Pittsford, Brighton, Rochester First, Rochester Brick Church, Rochester Third, Rochester Free, Rochester Washington Street, North Rochester, Parma and Greece, Parma, Parma Corners, Clarkson, Murray, Holley, Brockport, Sweden, Ogden, Adams's Basin, Gates, Henrietta, Chili, Churchville, Riga, North Bergen, Bergen, Wheatland, Rush, West Mendon, Mendon .- PAGE 484.
CHAPTER XXXII.
Presbytery of Niagara : - Carlton, Yates, Somerset, Wilson, Porter, Lewiston, Cambria, Lockport First, Lockport Second, Royalton, Middleport, Medina, Knowlesville, Gaines, Albion, Barre Centre, Millville, Pendleton, Chalmers, Niagara Falls .- PAGE 507.
CHAPTER
XXXIII.
Presbytery of Buffalo :- Newstead, Clarence, Black Rock, Buffalo First, Buffalo Free Congregational, Buffalo Pearl, Buffalo Park, Buffalo La Fayette Street, Buffalo Ger- man, Buffalo French Church, Indian Stations, Lancaster, Alden, Wales, East Au- rora, West Aurora, Hamburgh, Evans, Eden, Boston, Colden, Holland, Concord, Springville, Collins, Hanover, Forrestville, Silver Creek, Sheridan, Dunkirk, Fre- donia, Villanova, Lodi, West Otto, East Otto, Ashford, Franklinville, Ellicottville, Cherry Creek, Charlotte, Stockton, Chautauque, Portland, Westfield, Ripley, May- ville, Ellery, Ellington, Connewango, Napoli, Great Valley, Randolph, Waterboro', Ellicott, Jamestown, Ashville, Mina, Panama, Busti, Carroll .- PAGE 518.
CHAPTER XXXIV.
Presbytery of Genesee :- Byron, Elba, Oakfield, Alabama, Pembroke, Batavia, Staf- ford, Le Roy, Caledonia, Pavilion, East Bethany, Bethany Centre, Alexander, Union Church of Alexander and Darien, Darien, Darien Village, Bennington, Bennington Second, Attica, Attica Centre, Wyoming, Covington, Perry First, Perry Second, Perry Village, Warsaw, Orangeville, Varysburgh, Sheldon First, Sheldon Second or Strykersville, Java, Weathersfield Springs, Weathersfield, Gainesville, Carlisle, Pike, China .- PAGE 544.
CHAPTER XXXV.
Presbytery of Ontario :- Centrefield, East Bloomfield, Victor, West Bloomfield, Lima, Avon, Avon Free Church, York Second, York First, Moscow, Geneseo, Lakeville, Livonia, Richmond, Bristol, South Bristol, Canadice, Conesus, Groveland, Mount Morris, Mount Morris Second, Nunda, Sparta, Sparta Second, Dansville Village, Springwater, Conhocton Second .- PAGE 562.
CHAPTER XXXVI.
Presbytery of Angelica :- Dansville Free, Ossian, Portage, Portageville, Eagle, Cen- treville, Hume, Grove, Burns, Allen, Caneadea, Rushford, Farmersville, Black Creek, Haight, New Hudson, Belfast, Angelica, Almond, Amity, Friendship, Cuba, Burton, Olean, Sico, Andover, Independence .- PAGE 587.
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CHAPTER I.
Western New York. Its Importance : its original Inhabitants. The Iroquois : Sketch of their History. Conflicting Claims of different States to the Territory of Western New York. Settlement with Massachusetts: with Connecticut Indians the sole Inhabitants of Western New York, prior to the War of the Revolution : the part which they took in that War. Sullivan's Expedition. Treaty of Peace between the United States and the Six Nations. Purchase by the State of New York, of the Oneidas, of the Onondagas, of the Cayugas. The Military Tract : its Survey and Distribution. Commencement of Settlement. Sale of the Massachusetts Ten Townships. Sale of the Genesee County by Massachusetts to Phelps and Gorham. Phelps's Treaty with the Indians at Canandaigua. Boundaries of the Purchase described : Survey of the Purchase, and Commencement of Settlement. Sale to Robert Morris, Charles Williamson, and Sir William Pulteney. Sale of Massachusetts to Robert Morris. The Holland Purchase. Sale by the Indians to Robert Morris. Indian Reservations. Present Condition of the Indians.
WESTERN NEW YORK is, on many accounts, justly considered as a very interesting part of the United States. Its soil, climate, and productions ; the natural face of the country greatly diversified ; its lakes and rivers, with their application to the purposes of trade and manufactures ; the extent of its internal improvements, with the rapidity of their growth ; the immense increase of the number of its inhabitants, connected with their enterprise, and intellectual and moral character; its civil, social, literary, and religious insti- tutions, together with the circumstance that it constitutes the great thoroughfare between the East and the West, render it a peculiarly interesting part of the civilized world. Its history must be worthy of record and transmission to posterity. That its religious history may be understood and appreciated, it may be well to take a brief view of its settlement, the progress of its population, and civil divisions.
The aboriginal inhabitants of Western New York and owners of its soil were the people denominated by the French the Iroquois, and by the English the Six Nations, and sometimes, on account of their union with each other, the Confederates. Originally they constituted but five communities, viz. the Mohawks, whose prin- cipal towns were adjacent to the Mohawk river; the Oneidas, in the vicinity of Oneida lake ; the Onondagas, near the Onondaga lake ; the Cayugas, on the Cayuga lake ; and the Senecas, whose territory in the State of New York comprehended all that part of the State which lies west of the Seneca lake, and which is denomi- nated " the Genesee country." This name, or rather Geneseo, as it is pronounced by the aborigines, it is said, signified Pleasant
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WESTERN NEW YORK.
Valley. In the year 1712, the Tuscaroras, a tribe of Indians whose residence was in North Carolina, being driven from their possessions by a hostile tribe, emigrated northward, and were hospitably received by the Confederates, and adopted as a sixth nation in the confederacy. A territory was given them by the Oneidas, adjoining that of the Onondaga tribe. The Six Nations anciently constituted a numerous and powerful confederacy. By patrimony or right of conquest, they formerly claimed as theirs nearly all of the State of New York west of the Hudson river. Northward, their possessions extended into Canada ; westward, to the banks of the Mississippi; and, southward, far into the southern States. Many other tribes owned their sway, and paid them tribute. By their union among themselves and always acting in concert, they were powerful ; and by their ferocious courage in battle they were terrible to other hostile tribes, and not unfrequently to the European settlers. Their prowess was frequently felt with dread- ful severity by the French in Canada, and by the Anglo-Saxons on the frontiers of New York, and others of the English colonies in America. From this statement it will be perceived that the terri- tory to which the subsequent history relates, originally belonged to five of the Six Nations, viz. the Oneidas, the Tuscaroras, the Onondagas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas.
Although the Indians were the real proprietors of the soil, yet the different States, to a certain extent, claimed a property in the lands within certain boundaries, by virtue of original charters from the government of Great Britain, which claimed a title to dispose of the country, by right of prior discovery. These claims were considered as valid, so far, at least, as to entitle the party holding the charter, to the exclusion of all others, to purchase the domain of the Indians whenever they might be disposed to alienate it, and to colonize and exercise civil jurisdiction over the territory when purchased of the Indians. But, unfortunately, the charters of the different Companies or States conflicted with each other. At the period when they were granted by the crown of Great Britain, very little was known respecting the localities of the country. It was truly in Europe a terra incognita. Hence the boundaries which were assigned to the territories included in the respective charters were sometimes expressed in such vague terms as to be wholly unintelligible ; or what, perhaps, was more frequently the case, the same portion of territory was included in different char- ters. While the country was very new, the colonists few in num- ber, and far the greatest part of the territory was occupied by the aboriginal inhabitants, these conflicting claims excited little atten- tion. The ownership of the Indians in the lands was by the colo- nists acknowledged. The colonists were too few to occupy but a small portion of the land included in their respective charters. More than they needed for present occupancy they were indis-
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ITS EARLY HISTORY.
posed to buy of the original owners. Fear of attacks from the Indians required that they should settle in compact bodies, and contiguous to each other. Hence they concerned themselves little about territory at a great distance, although it might be compre- hended within the limits of their charter from the King of Great Britain. But when the number of inhabitants was greatly in- creased, and a much larger share of land needed for settlement, controversies concerning title necessarily resulted. This was particularly the case after the termination of the war of the Revo- lution, and the acknowledgment of our national independence by the government of Great Britain.
The original charters of Massachusetts and Connecticut included all the lands within certain parallels running due west from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. At the same time, the charter of New York covered all the land within the present limits of the State. That of Massachusetts particularly, covered a very large portion of the State of New York. That of Connecticut extended over a somewhat smaller territory within the State. It is supposed that Massachusetts, previous to the war of the Revolution, acceded to the claim of New York respecting jurisdiction and title to that portion of the State of New York, bounded east by the present dividing line between the States of New York and Massachusetts, and west by a line so far west of Hudson river as to include all the settlements made by the State of New York previous to the com- mencement of the Revolutionary war. As it regards that part of the State of New York which is embraced by the original charter of Massachusetts, and which lies west of a line which would in- clude the settlements made previous to the Revolution, it does not appear that an understanding existed between the States. After the termination of the war of the Revolution and the circumstances of the country permitted the States to attend to their own indivi- dual interests, the claim of Massachusetts was revived, as it re- spected the right of pre-emption and jurisdiction over Western New York. New York resisted this claim. The parties pleaded their respective charters, and each considered its own claim valid in law and equity, and the matter in controversy of great importance, as it related to its own interest and honor. But instead of bringing the controversy to issue by an appeal to arms, the very common method of deciding disputes between rival States, when the matter at issue relates to boundaries, the parties at issue, realizing that they were brethren of the same grand confederation, possessing common interests, wisely determined to submit the matter at issue to Commissioners appointed by the States respectively. These Commissioners, so appointed, met at Hartford, in the State of Con- necticut, and on the 16th of December, 1786, came to an amicable agreement on all the matters in controversy between their respec- tive States. The sovereignty and right of jurisdiction over the
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WESTERN NEW YORK.
whole territory were confirmed to New York. To Massachusetts was conceded the right of the pre-emption of the soil from the native Indians, of all the land within the present limits of the State of New York lying west of a line beginning at a point in the north line of the State of Pennsylvania, eighty-two miles west from the north-east corner of that State, and running due north through the Seneca lake, and continued on to Eake Ontario, excepting from the above described tract, a territory of one mile in width, the whole length of the Niagara river, which was conceded to New York. It was also stipulated that Massachusetts should hold the pre-emp- tive right to a tract of 230,400 acres, equal to ten townships of six miles square each, between the Owego and Chenango rivers. This tract was formerly called "The Massachusetts Ten Townships." The remainder of the territory in dispute was acknowledged to be the property of the State of New York. Thus terminated all con- troversy respecting boundaries between these two sister States.
At an early period, a dispute respecting boundaries arose be- tween the States of New York and Connecticut. The territory of Connecticut, according to the original charter of that State, ex- tended across the eastern part of New York to Pennsylvania, and thence west to the Pacific Ocean, including a large portion of the State of Pennsylvania, together with a narrow strip of the adjacent territory of New York. This controversy was supposed to be terminated, in 1733, by an agreement between the two colonies, that the dividing line between them should be run parallel to the Hudson river, and at the distance of twenty miles from it to the east. This agreement, however, seems not to have been con- sidered by Connecticut as precluding her claim to lands embraced by her charter, and lying west of what were the settled parts of New York. To these lands the claim of Connecticut was revived in 1750, and an attempt to settle the land, and exercise jurisdiction within the limits of Pennsylvania, was attended with very tragical consequences. Settlements were also made under the authority of the State of Connecticut, within the present limits of the State of New York, which called forth strong opposition from the latter State, and severe enactments relating to this subject were made by its Legislature, in 1796 and in 1798. This controversy was finally terminated in 1800, by an agreement between the government of the United States and that of the State of Connecticut. In that year a law was passed, authorizing the President of the United States to release to the State of Connecticut all claim to the soil of that tract of 3,300,000 acres of land lying on Lake Erie, within the limits of the present State of Ohio, and known as " The West- ern Reserve," on condition that the State of Connecticut should for ever relinquish all claims of jurisdiction over all other lands lying west, north-west, or south-west of the boundary line, agreed upon in 1733, between the States of Connecticut and New York,
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IT'S EARLY HISTORY.
as the dividing line between their respective States. In the same year, the Legislature of the State of Connecticut accepted of the proposition of Congress, and thus renounced all claim to jurisdic- tion and ownership in soil to every part of the territory within the present limits of the State of New York. This transaction was the final termination of all controversies respecting boundaries and jurisdiction between the State of New York and sister States, and paved the way for the quiet and rapid settlement of her Western Wilderness.
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