USA > New York > Warren County > Queensbury > A history of the town of Queensbury, in the state of New York : with biographical sketches of many of its distinguished men, and some account of the aborigines of northern New York > Part 52
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500
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF QUEENSBURY.
house at a point nearly half way between the Ridge and Bay roads, they representing it, probably for the sake of having nearer neighbors, to be the most eligible and desirable point on his tract for that purpose.
He accordingly commenced his clearing, dug a well, but find- ing the land too low for a dwelling abandoned the improvement, and erected a substantial log house on the Ridge road, then called the new road, on the site of the brick house now owned and occupied by Mr. Amos Graves. His nearest neighbor north lived in a log house situated to the east of the old Roger Haviland farm house. The spot it occupied is now part of an open, cultivated field. There was another log dwelling on the ground now covered by the Reuben Numan residence. There were also one or two other log houses in the neighborhood. which comprised all that portion of the then existing settlement to the south of what was subsequently designated as Sanford's ridge. The road was then newly cut through the forest, the stumps still remaining, with fallen trees, decayed logs and rub- bish laying across. It was hardly a respectable bridle path, and the unbroken wilderness stretched away from it on either hand for miles and miles save the three or four small clearings around the buildings above mentioned.
During the summer of 1786, Peck accompanied by his young- est son, Edmund, then a lad five or six years old, started on horseback for the purpose of assisting to secure the harvest of a neighbor, David Ferriss, who lived in a small house on the side hill just south of the Half-way brook - on the east side of the road now leading to the Oneida. At night-fall he started on his return with his little boy seated before him on the horse. The dense forest soon shut out the last faint light of day, and he was obliged to stumble forward in the dark as best he might, trusting mainly to the sagacity of his horse for keeping in the road. At length, in endeavoring to guide his horse around the upturned roots of a large, fallen tree which obstructed the way, he found to his consternation that he had lost the path. After spending some considerable time in a fruitless effort to regain the road, groping his way from tree to tree in the thick darkness, the thought occurred to him that a loud outcry might arouse the family he had just left - and that some one would come to his assistance with lanterns or torches. He accordingly
501
THE PECK FAMILY.
commenced shouting at the top of his lungs, and presently fan- cied he heard the call returned. He called again, and the answer was repeated more distinctly. The calls and answers were then repeated in rapid succession, until he discovered to his horror that it was no human voice which responded to his alarm, but that of the dreaded panther. With an alacrity inspired of terror, Peck dismounted, and feeling his way rapidly along, at length he came to a large tree with low branching boughs to one of which he fastened his horse, and climbing the tree, found a refuge for himself and boy, on a large projecting limb. Through the entire length of that long and dreary night, the panther prowled around this retreat, at one moment threat- ening an attack upon the frightened horse, and at another stealthily rustling through leaves of the adjacent tree tops, awaiting an unguarded moment to make his fearful spring. A few raps with a stout cudgel on the trunk of the tree, from time to time, served to deter the brute from making his attack, until the morning light made its most welcome appearance, when the ferocious monster with low growls slunk away towards the re- cesses of the Big Cedar swamp. As soon as the light became distinct enough to enable the benighted traveler to find his way, he descended from his perch, and to his great satisfaction discovered the road at no great distance, and remounting the horse with his boy -soon after reached his home in safety. On his way he saw another huge panther apparently asleep in the top of a high tree, but on his return with a rifle the animal was gone. It had very probably made its way back to the big swamp which for a long period afterward afforded a safe covert for these and other ferocious denizens of the forest.
The inhabitants here in those early times were much annoyed by wolves which ravaged sheep-folds even when under the very eaves of the dwellings. One instance is narrated of these rave- nous brutes killing and gnawing off the heads of sheep that were yarded in a covered log pen. Within the present century the tradition is preserved in the Pitcher family, then living on the confines of the Wild Cat swamp, less than a mile west of the heart of the village, of the yearly ravages of the wolves among their stock, and of the various devices resorted to in endeavoring to frighten and keep them away. Then, too, the rocks and ledges along the river were one continuous den of rattlesnakes, and the swamps, forests, and hill-sides from Sara-
-
502
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF QUEENSBURY.
toga to Lake George were infested by this dangerous and malignant reptile.
For a period of nearly fifty years after the settlement of the township, an annual bounty, varying in amount from five to twenty dollars, was voted for each wolf killed in the town.
The rattlesnakes were slowly but surely exterminated by the hogs that ran half wild among the unfenced commons on the borders of the settlement.
In the early days of which we write, but little need was had for litigation. Whatever troubles and difficulties originated between the members of the society of Friends, were adjusted among themselves; and with all a rude sense of equity prevailed as a rule of action ; and some rough border justice was pre- ferred to the intricate formalities of legal statutes as expounded by the courts.
Among the earliest settlers in the western part of the town was Daniel Fairchild. He dwelt in a clearing on the eastern slope of the Luzerne mountain ; near the road which now leads west from the Forge pond.
Being suspected of a crime which shall here be nameless, a warrant was obtained from a justice of the peace named Josiah Russell, living on what is known as the Crannell place above the old church at Jessup's Little falls. This precept was rather strongly worded, requiring that the suspected party be brought before him immediately, " either dead or alive." It was placed in the hands of one of the Ortons for execution. Accompanied by a posse of eager and excited volunteer constabulary, he pro- ceeded, armed for the occasion, as the process implied, to the dwelling of the culprit to make the arrest. The place was reached at dark, and the house surrounded so as to cut off the possibility of escape. Fairchild became alarmed at the sight of such a crowd of men, and possibly overheard some threats and menaces. He ran out of the house into a shed near by, when one of the party mistaking his intentions, and supposing that he meditated either resistance or escape, deliberately drew up his musket and shot him dead in his tracks. Esquire Rus- sell was afterwards tried for this act, at a court held in Fort Edward, and only escaped conviction for manslaughter, through some legal technicality.
The oldest monumental inscription in town, is on a quaintly
503
INDEMNITY FOR LOSSES IN THE WAR.
carved gravestone in the little burial ground at the Round pond near the Oneida.1
A registry of a senatorial election, under the property quali- fication in 1786, shows the names of thirty-six voters, an evi- dence of the rapid increase of the population in the few years that had elapsed since the war.2 The losses which the inhabit-
1 Mention is elsewhere made of the Baptist church, at this place. The burial ground belonged to this society, being deeded to it by Augustine Odell for that purpose. The following is a copy of the inscription, mentioned.
O! Relentless Death !
To the Memory of Mrs. Lydia Sargent the amiable and virtuous consort of Doctr. Isaac Sargent of Westfield, & eldest Daughter of William Robards Esq. & Mrs. Phebe his wife of Queensbury, who died October 11th 1794 ; aged 18 years 10 Mo. and 6 days. -: 0:
As here you see my body lie, Dear Mortals that are passing by Let this to you a warning be, That you prepare to follow me.
2 Registry of an Election in Queensbury in 1786. - This is supposed to contain the names of all who were then qualified to vote for Senators and Assemblymen. Att an Election held in Queensbury, May the 2 by an adjurnment. 1786
Candates for Sinnet
Candates for Assemblymen
Electors Names.
Alexr. Webster.
- John Williams.
_ Peter B. Tearse.
Adiel Sherwood.
Albert Baker.
Edward Savage.
Nehemiah Seelye.
Seth Sherwood.
William Tripp,
1
1
1
1
1
David Seelye,
1
1
1
1
David Bennett,
1
1
1
1
Thomas Tripp,
1
1
1
1
Elisha Folger,.
1
1
1
1
1
Bennedick Brown,.
1
1
1
1
1
Justice Brown,.
1
1
1
1
1
Volentine Brown,
1
1
1
1
Ebenezar Buck,.
1
Howgal Brown,
1
1
1
1
Jeremiah Briggs
1
Silas Brown,.
1
1
1
1
James Tripp,. .
1
1
1
1
Jonathan Tripp,.
1
1
1
1
James Stevenson
1
1
1
1
·
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
Abrom Wing,
1
504
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF QUEENSBURY.
ants had suffered during the war, and the' unsettled condition of the country had disabled them from paying their quitrents, now lapsed to the state by the change of government; and the back arrearages had accumulated to a sum that was quite be- yond their means. In order to obtain some indemnity for the sacrifices and losses suffered by reason of the war, a plea was made and allowed in abatement and liquidation of all just in- debtedness and future claims from the state."1
Josi Varney,.
1
1
1
1 1
1
Hosea Howard,
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
William Guy,.
1
1
1
1 1
1
John Martin,
1
1
1
1
David Bennet,.
1
1
1
1
Edward Fooller,
1
1
1
1
1
1
Jonathan Hubbel,
1
1
1
1
1
Stephen Lapham,
1
1
1
1
1
Jonathan Pitcher,
1
1
1
1
1
Henry Martin,.
1
1
1
1
1
Benjamin Wing,.
1
1
1
1
1
Phinhehas Babcock,
1
1
1
1
1
James Hixen,
1
1
1
1
1
Stephen Howard,
1
1
1
1
1
Miles Washborn,. 1
1
1
1
1 The following extracts from the Town Records will serve to verify the fore- going statement, as well also to show who were the sufferers and the amount of their claims for indemnity. It constitutes a rare and valuable link in the chain of historical narrative.
AUDITORS OFFICE, NEW YORK, 10th December 1789. I do hereby certify that I have receiv'd Sundry Certificates signed by Ebenezer Russel Judge for Wash- ington County setting forth that the following persons were possessed of the number of acres Set opposite their respective names in a Pattent granted Daniel Prindel & others 29th May, 1762, and that on account of the war they were oblig'd to quit their Farms viz
Acrs.
Acrs.
Lot 29 Abraham Wing Junr. . . 150
29 & 82 Nath. Babcock, Willett &
Daniel Wing, 450
102 Asa & Parks Putnam, 250
31 Daniel Hull, 150
23 & 29 Charls Lewis, 150
7 Ebenezer & Nathaniel Ful- ler 250
22 & 23 Russell Lewis, 150
37 Anstice & Sarah Hicks,. 250
36 & 29 Mary Lewis,. 160
103 Howgil & Timothy Brown, 250
39 Silas Brown, 150
87 Truelove Butler, 150
77 William Roberts Junr., & Ebenr. Roberts, 250
26 & 2 William Robberts, 116 82 & 20, 35, 36, & 40, William Wing, 90
36 Andrew Lewis, 150
38 Benedick Brown, 150
23 James Higson, . 150
22 Abraham Wing,. 150
15 Benjamin & Nehemiah Wing, 250
2 Reed Ferriss & Caleb Powel, 250
1
James Butler,.
1
1
Richard Bennet,
1
1
1
Walter Briggs,
1
1
1 1
1
1
Nathaniel Odle,.
1
Nathaniel Varney,
1
1
1
Acres 4050
And I further Certify that the above mentioned Persons are thereby discharged from paying all past and future Quit Rents for the Quantity of acres set opposite
505
COMPARATIVE VALUATION OF PROPERTY.
As an evidence of the comparative valuation of property in the town at this time we append the following minute of pro- ceedings of the board of supervisors of the county of Washing- ton, held at the house of George Kilmer in the town of Argyle
their respective names amounting in the whole to four thousand and Fifty Six acres in the above Pattent. PETER S. CURTENIUS State audr
In Patent granted to Daniel Prindle &c for 23000 acres Land in Albany County d'ted 20th May 1762 @ 2 | 6 Sterling # 100 acres + annum
510 acres Reed Ferriss from 20th May 1762 to 20th May 1787 is 25 years Deduct 8 17 years @ 22 | 4 £18,, 19,, 4
Received New York 27th May 1787 from Reed Ferriss + the hands of Jonathan Akin Publick Securitys which with the Interest alow'd thereon amounts to Eighteen Pounds Nineteen Shillings & four pense in full for the arrears of Quit Rent on 510 acres in the above Patent-
£18:19:4 Peter S. Curtenius Receiver of Quit Rents Pattent granted Daniel Prindle & others for 23000 acres Land in Albany County 20th May 1762 at 2 | 6 Sterlg $ 100 acres + annum
Nathaniel Stevenson } from 20th May 1762
Lot No. 27 25 acres §
to 29th Sept. 1787 is Y. M. D.
25 4 9
Deduct 8 17,, 4, 9@10 | 114:9,,9:10
14 years Commutation 10 | 1114 7,,13,,2
17,,3
Receiv'd 28th Decemr 1789 from Enoch Hoag Publick Securities with Interest calculated to 27 Septemr 1787 amounting to Seventeen Pounds Three Shillings in full for Quit & Commutation on Two Hundred & Fifty acres Land in the above Pattent.
PETER S. CURTENIUS State audr
POSSESSORS NAMES. NO. ACRES. NO. LOTS.
POSSESSORS NAMES. NO. ACRES. NO. LOTS.
Valentine Brown,
150
41
John Toffy,
150
44
Schuyler Brown,.
100
41
Hulet Toffy,
100
44
Phebe Robberds, 145 26 James Ferriss, . . 150
57
Joseph Hepburn,
150 49
Nathaniel Taber
100
57
Ebenezer Fuller Junr., .. Benjamin Fuller
100
50
Ephraim Woodard,
150
3
Edward Fuller,
125
38
David Ferris, 100
100
12
Matthew Fuller,
125
33
Ichabod Merritt,
150
1
Justus Brown,
125
39
Joseph Merritt,
100
1
John Akin,
150
84
James Stephenson,
125
88
Albro Akin.
100
84
Jacob Stevenson, .
150
90
Thomas Worth,
125
51
Barsilla Worth,
125
51
3595 acres
Washington County ss. I do hereby certify that the above named persons in the County of Washington has given me Satisfactory proof that they Resided and are owners on their Respective Farms annexed to their Names in pattent granted to Daniel Prindle and others Dated 20th May, 1762, and that on account of the Late war were respectively obliged to quit their Farms by the Incursions of the enemy. JOHN WILLIAMS
Sarah Akin,.
150
84
Stephen Stephenson,. .. .
100
90
150
50
William Taber,
100
3
12
Patrick Hepburn,
150
48 & 57
Benjamin Collins,
one of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas Washington County. ' Given under my hand this 28 day of December, 1791.
64
506
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF QUEENSBURY.
on the 1st Tuesday in September, 1786. The town of Queens- bury was represented on this occasion by Phineas Babcock, Esq.
The quota of the respective towns was equalized as follows :
.s d.
Argyle,.
59
6 7
Crownpoint,
300
00
Granville, ..
67 16 0
Hampton,
21 4 0
Hebron,
63 11 3
Kingsbury
50 17 0
Queensbury,
50 17 0
Salem, ..
101 13 7
Westfield,.
33 18 0
Whitehall,
50 17 0
Total £800 0 5
AUDITORS OFFICE New York 33d March 1791, I certify that in Consequence of a Certificate signed by John Williams Judge for Washington County (of which the within is a true copy) the within named Persons are Thereby exempted from the payment of all past and Future Quitrents on the number of acors set opposite their Respective Names in the within Certificate.
PETER S. CURTENIUS.
State Audr.
In Patent granted to Daniel Prindle &c for 32000 acres Land in Albany County dated 20th May 1752 @ 2s 6d Sterlg #100 acres + annum.
510 acres Reed Ferriss from 20th May 1762 to 20th May 1787 is 25 years Deduct 8-17 years
@ 22s 4d £18 "19 " 4
Rece'd New York 20th May 1787 from Reed Ferriss # the hands of Jonathan Akin Public Securities which with the Interest allow'd thereon amounts to Eighteen Pounds Nineteen Shilling & four pence in full for the Arrears of Quit Rent on 510 acres in the above Patent.
£18 "19 " 4
PETER S. CURTENIUS Receiver of Quit Rents
Possessors Names.
Numbers. No. Lots.
Peter Peck,.
130
25 & No 3 Town Plot
Reuben Peck,.
125
30
William Tripp,
125
11
Jonathan Tripp, .
125
11
Jeremiah Briggs, .
150
31
Nathaniel Varney,
160
30
Total 805
Auditors Office New York 1st april 1790
I do Certify that in consequence of the within Certificate the Persons therein named are exempted from all past & future Quit Rent for the number of acres set opposite their respective names amounting in the whole to Eight Hundred & Five acres Land in the within mentioned Patent,
PETER S. CURTENIUS State audr
507
THE CONCLUSION.
In 1791 the two future presidents, Jefferson and Madison, passed through this town, on their way to visit some of the many scenes of historic interest at the north.1 During the few years following, which rounded up the century, mercantile and manufacturing interests gathered rapidly here ; professional men of rare talent were attracted to the place by the promise of its rapid growth, and its resources, even in that early day, were operated with an energy, which in many instances commanded success, and won an enviable repute for industry and enterprise.
The flow of emigration, which, in less than fifty years, has since peopled the once dense wilderness, and far reaching prairies of the mighty west with a busy and teeming population, in the closing years of the century following the revolution, spent its first feeble waves along the sea shore, and the tide waters of our navigable rivers. During the first decade of the present century, that tide instead of seeking the then miasmatic flats, and rich alluvial plains of the Genesee country, set rapidly northward along the old military routes where less than half a century before, mighty armies, flushed with the pride of con- quest, glowing with honors won on foreign fields of glory, dis- solved and disappeared beneath the sturdy blows and unerring rifle shots of the hunter chivalry which guarded our northern border.
At that period, when the cities of the west and interior were the haunts of savages and beasts of prey, Glen's Falls was a
County of Washington. I Certify that the above named Persons in the County of Washington has given me satisfactory Proof that they resided on their Respect- ive Farms anex'd to their Names in a Patent Granted Daniel Prindle and others" Dated 20 of may 1762 and that on account of the late War ware respectively Obliged to Quit their said Farms by the Incursions of the Enemy Witness my Hand this 7th of December 1789.
JOHN WILLIAMS, Jud Curio.
1 Extract of letter from Thomas Jefferson, secretary of state, to Genl. Washington.
" Bennington 5th June 1791.
Sir : In my last letter from Philadelphia, I mentioned that Mr. Madison and myself were about to take a trip up the North river, as far as circumstances should permit. The badness of the roads led us quite on to Lake George, where, taking boat, we went through that, and about twenty-five miles into Lake Champlain. Returning then to Saratoga, we concluded to cross over through Vermont to Connecticut river, and go down that instead of the North river, which we had already seen ; and we are so far on that route. In the course of our journey we have had opportunities of visiting Stillwater, Saratoga, Forts William Henry and George, Ticonderoga, Crown Point, and the scenes of General Stark's victory." - Sparks's Letters to Washington, vol. IV, p. 374.
508
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF QUEENSBURY.
thriving settlement whose opening business prospects and natural advantages, were attracting capital, and gathering the germs of that thrift and success, which have since built up our village to its present prosperous condition.
We have seen in the sketches of its churches, and the notices of its business and leading men, the gradual progress and devel- opment of the town and village through all its transitions ; until from a scattered forest hamlet, it has reached almost the propor- tions, wealth, and importance of a city.
Upon the future historian will devolve the duty of perpetuat- ing the events of more recent interest and importance, which relate to the town and its citizens; while to the author is left the satisfaction of believing that he has rescued from oblivion many facts, and details connected with the past, which if left ungleaned, would now have been lost, or with difficulty at- tained even by an enthusiastic antiquarian.
THE END.
ERRATA.
Page 11 Head line for M. read N.
66
41 Note, seventh line, for 1837, read 1637.
61 Note, eighteenth line, for 1791, read 1780.
66
63 Ninth line from top for Patter read Potter.
66
81 Fourth line from bottom for 1781 read 1780.
66 82 Fifth line of note, for 1781,- read 1780.
82 Sub note, for batteaux read bateau.
83 For Anburg's read Anbury's. 66
66 193 Head line for Chuuches read Churches.
66 200 Eighth line from top for Walls, read Wells.
220
Last line but one from bottom of page,
for Chatauguay read Chautauquay. .
.
GENERAL INDEX.
[ACKNOWLEDGMENT. - This being the only opportunity remaining, the other portion of the work having gone to press, the author herewith tenders his thanks to Mr. J. Munsell, the publisher, and also to Col. J. L. Cunningham and S. R. Stoddard of this village, for courtesies rendered in connection with the publication of this work.]
EXPLANATION .- Inasmuch as the Civil List was arranged alphabetically in the body of the work, it was considered superfluous to repeat the names in the index, already swollen to a magnitude unlooked for by the author. The names embraced in the military rosters have also been omitted, Otherwise the index is believed to be sufficiently voluminous and complete.
Abenakies, The, 12.
Abercrombie's advance and defeat, 321, Acknowledgements, vii.
Action near Gage's hill in 1780, 480.
Action at Rogers's rock, 318.
Action at Sabbath day point, 1777, 420. Act of incorporation of the Episcopal Church at Glen's Falls, 246.
Adirondack Confederacy. The, 1, 6.
Adventures of Ezekiel Roberts, 422.
Adventures of fugitives from the Mas- sacre at Fort William Henry, 310. Affair between Half-way brook and Ft. Edward, 316.
Affair of Bloody run, 337.
Algonquin Tribe, The, 4.
Allen, John, of Argyle, and family, Mas- sacred by Burgoyne's Indians, 451, 452.
Amherst's Advance, 336, 340, 343.
Amherst's Campaign, 301, 338.
Armstrong Family, The, of Johnsburgh, 231.
Arnold's Expedition to Quebec, 406.
Assault upon Diamond island, 458, 459. Attack upon Burgoyne's rear guard, 458. Attorneys, list of, 112,
Authorities referred to in this work - Account book of Abraham Wing (the pioneer), 71, Addison's Work, 293.
Agricultural Society of the State of New York, Transactions of, 26. Alden Memorial, 50.
American Border Wars, by William L. Stone sr., 494.
American Military Pocket Atlas, The, 169, 181.
Anbury's travels in North America, 83, 434.
Appleton's Cyclopedia of Biogra- phy, 272.
Baker, Miss Keziah, relation of, 424, 452, 454, 466, 467, 468, 477,
Authorities referred to in this work - Bancroft's Hist. U. S. A., 285, 315. Barber's Hist. Collections, 34, 453. Brodhead's Hist. of N. Y., 29.
Buell Family, Genealogy of, by J. S. Buell, Esq., 44.
Burgoyne's State of the Expedition, 438, 450, 452, 453, 458.
Butler's (B. C.), Guide Book to Lake George, 28.
Butler's (B. C.), Handbook of the Adirondack Railway,430, 431,432. Campbell, Archibald, Map of the Caldwell Estate, 48.
Campbell's Annals of Tryon County, 495.
Carroll's Journal, 411.
Catalogue of Maps in the State Li- brary at Albany, N. Y., 26.
Chapman's Sketches of the Alumni of Dartmouth College, 44.
Chastellux's Travels in North America, 272, 359, 362, 484, 491. Civil List of the State of New York, 43.
Clary, Mrs. Rachel, relation of, 426, 423.
Clinton Mss., The, State Library at Albany, 130. 494.
Colden's Account of New York, 34. Deavitt, John J., 58.
Drake's Book of the Indians, 18, 25, 28,29.
Drake's Dictionary of American Biography, 314.
Durfee's History of Williams Col- lege, 291.
Dwight's Travels, 18, 284, 291, 296. Evans's Analysis, 28.
Ferriss, Mrs. Alfred, relation, 389, 430.
First Settlers of Albany County, by Prof. Jonathan Pearson, 357. Fitch, Dr. Asa, 14, 471.
512
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF QUEENSBURY.
Authorities referred to in this work - Fitch's History of Williams Col- lege, 291.
Fitch's Hist. Survey of Washington County, 14, 26, 27, 29, 283, 303.
Force's American Archives, 396, 397, 399, 400, 404, 414, 416, 417. Fortieth Congress, The (Biograph- ical sketches of), 108.
Gallatin's Synopsis, 26, 28, 29. 34, Gazetteer of Washington County, by Allan Corey, 388.
Genealogies of the First Settlers of Schenectady, by Prof. Jonathan Pearson, 357.
Gentleman's Magazine, The, 387.
Gibson, Hon. James, 49, 57.
Gill, Captain, An Indian hunter, 32. Glen's Falls Spectator, The,215,249. Goldsmith's (Oliver), Works, 29.
Gordon's Gazetteer of New York, 26, 28, 30, 32, 33.
Goss, Mrs. Emma, relation of, 499.
Graydon's Memoirs, 299.
Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America, 257.
Hall's History of Vt., 351.
Harris, Benjamin, relation of, 448.
Harris, Moses, relation of, 445.
Hay, Hon. William, 22, 28, 40, 50, 54, 72, 353, 391, 425, 428, 437, 451, 452, 459, 479. Hennepin, 27. Historical inquiry concerning Henry Hudson, by John Meredith Read jr., 276.
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