USA > New York > Niagara County > Biographical and portrait cyclopedia of Niagara County, New York > Part 11
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The customs district of Niagara was cre- ated by act of congress in 1799, including the State west of the Genesee river, and in 1805 the districts of Buffalo Creek (on the west) and Genesee (on the east) were set off from Niagara, which now extends from
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BIOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
the east bank of Oak Orchard creek to the channel of Tonawanda creek. The port of entry in 1811 was removed from Fort Ni- agara to Lewiston, and from that place in 1863 to Suspension Bridge.
Hydraulic Tunnel .- The hydraulic tunnel of the Niagara Falls Power Company is one of the great industrial undertakings of the present age. This company was incorpo- rated by a special act of the legislature of New York, passed March 31, 1886, for the purpose of constructing and maintaining the hydraulic tunnel, and for furnishing power for manufacturing purposes. The company has over three millions of capital, and have let the contract of the great work of 120,000 horse-power for manufacturing purposes to the Cataract Construction Com- pany, who have commenced work upon the building of the tunnel, shafts, raceways, and other parts of the work. Among the stock- holders of the Cataract Company are some of the ablest and leading financiers and men of wealth of New York city. We give the following description of the tunnel, and some interesting facts concerning it, from an authorized account now in print :
The association of prominent business men at Niagara Falls, New York, known as The Niagara Falls Power Company, was organized for the further development of the water power at Niagara, and has, from its charter and the amendatory acts, all the powers and grants necessary for taking water from the Niagara river, passing the water through the raceways and tunnels of the company, and furnishing the power de- rived from the energy of the water, to the mills and factories to be located upon the adjacent lands.
For this purpose, from the water level below the Falls, a subterranean tunnel will
be constructed of horse-shoe shape, having capacity equal to a circle twenty-five feet in diameter, extending through the solid rock, to the upper river at a point about one mile above the falls. From this point the tunnel continues parallel with the shore of the river one and one-half miles, at an average depth of one hundred and sixty feet below ground, and about four hundred feet distant from the navigable waters of the river, with which it is connected by means of surface conduits or canals, through which the water from the river enters, and is drawn through the shafts and wheel-pits into the great tunnel below, which forms an immense tail race for all of the mills, factories, and workshops.
The idea of the hydraulic tunnel was conceived by the late Thomas Evershed, division engineer of the New York State canals. It consists of a subterranean tunnel, or tail race, extending from the surface of the water below the falls to a point on the Niagara river above the falls. It is connected with the river by means of short surface canals, wheel pits, and cross tunnels. The power produced by the capacity of the tunnel is equal to the water power of Lawrence, Lowell, Holyoke, Turner's Falls, Bellow's Falls, Manchester, Lewiston, Cohoes, Os- wego, Patterson, Augusta, Ga., Minneapolis, Rochester, and Lockport combined.
The method of using the power is the same as that in operation upon the hydraulic canal. While the principle is the same, there is a difference in the manner of obtaining the water. At the hydraulic canal there is one long surface canal, a canal basin or reservoir, wheel pits, and short tail races, to the adjacent high bank of the river. In the case of the hydraulic tunnel the Niagara river itself is the basin, or reservoir, directly
95
OF NIAGARA COUNTY.
connected by short surface canals, wheel pits, and cross tunnels, with one great tun- nel, or tail race, nearly two miles in length, which carries the water from the wheels to the Niagara river below the fall. The great volume of the upper Niagara river is nearly three miles in width, and navigable in depth at the point of the water supply of the hydraulic tunnel.
The rapid development of electrical science also increased the demand for power, and convinced scientists and manufacturers that the time had come for a larger utiliza- tion of the enormous water power of the falls of Niagara than had hitherto been undertaken.
The raceways, canals, conduits, and wheel pits are cut through the hard and durable " Niagara " limestone, which gives to all absolute permanency, and the fact of the rock being but a few feet (at no point over ten feet) below the surface, enables the buildings and heavy machinery to be placed upon solid foundations.
The water falls upon turbine wheels, which will be put in by the company in a number of the pits, and the power developed thereby will be brought to the surface, from which point it will be delivered to the mills or factories at that point, or transmitted by cable, pneumatic tube, or electricity to ad- jacent lands as the customers may desire.
The company has purchased about three hundred acres of land, beginning a short distance above the upper boundary line of the New York State Reservation at Niagara, and extending along the shore of the river for two miles, at an average depth of six hundred feet back from the river, assuring to the company this entire length of river frontage, with its facilities for dockage, and furnishing ample room for mill sites of any
size desired. There have also been pur- chased over one thousand acres of land adjacent to that already described, which will be used for mill sites, and more par- ticularly for homes for operatives.
The magnitude of the great cataract, and its fame as a natural wonder, have hereto- forc, to a certain degree, excluded from thought the idea of its marvelous utilitarian properties, but the recent development of electrical science and the far-reaching enter- prises of to-day, have now combinded to subject to the uses of mankind a portion of the power of the falls, developed at such a distance from the great cataract as not to interfere in any way with the natural beauty of the scenery.
Lockport Water Supply Company .- Among the enterprises which hold great promise for the future development of Lockport, nonc is more important than that contemplated by the Lockport Water Supply Company. This company was incorporated under the laws of New York April 8, 1886, for the purpose of supplying water and water power to the city of Lockport and its vicinity. Its object is to tap the Niagara river at a con- venient point between Tonawanda village and the great falls, conduct the water in a broad and deep canal past the city of Lock- port, and discharge it into Lake Ontario through Eighteen-Mile creek or other con- venient channel. The water level of Lake Erie is three hundred and thirty feet higher than Lake Ontario, and by keeping the canal up on the hillsides until some distance beyond the city, this enterprise will call into existence the most extensive and magnificent water power on the continent- except alone the stupendous falls of Niagara. The power thus furnished will be steady, reliable, and ample for all manufacturing purposes ; while
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BIOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
the water supplied for municipal, agricul- tural, and domestic use will be pure and wholesome, as it is well known the water of the great upper lakes is always fresh, clear, and soft. There is every reason to be- lieve that from the completion of this under- taking will date a new era in the develop- ment of Lockport, and that stock-holders in the enterprise will be fortunate investors.
International Park at Niagara .- It was established in 1885 by the legislatures of the State of New York and the Province of Ontario, Canada, and consists of the State Reservation on the American and the Queen Victoria Niagara Falls Park on the British side of the Niagara river.
Bills to carry out the recommendation of Governor Robinson in his message of 1879, for a park at Niagara Falls, were introduced in the legislatures of the State of New York of 1880 and 1881, but failed to secure passage. No legislative action was taken in 1882. On the 30th of January, 1883, a bill was introduced, entitled “An aet to authorize the selection, location, and appro- priation of certain lands in the village of Niagara Falls for a State reservation, and to preserve the scenery of the falls of Niagara." The bill was passed, and on the 30th of April, 1883, received the approval of Governor Cleveland, and became a law. William Dorsheimer, Andrew H. Green, J. Hampden Robb, Sherman S. Rogers, and Martin B. Anderson were appointed com- missioners to select the necessary lands, and the reservation was located by the selection of some one hundred and seven acres in the immediate vicinity of the falls, the property taken embracing all of Goat Island and the adjacent islands, Prospect Park, from the brink of the cataract to the new suspension bridge; also a strip of land running from
Prospect Park to Port Day, bordering the Niagara river, and containing the buildings which marred the beauty of the natural scenery. Mathew Hale, Luther R. Marsh, and Pascal P. Pratt were chosen to act as appraisers of the property, and made awards amounting to $1,433,429.50.
The legislature of 1885 passed an act making the necessary appropriation, and on the 30th of April, of that year, Governor Hill gave his approval to the enaetment, which gave Niagara to the people of the State and the world for all time to come. The State reservation at Niagara was opened to the public with imposing ceremonies July 15, 1885.
Since the establishment of the reserva- tion, the buildings upon Bath Island, and on the strip of land from Prospect Park to Port Day, have been removed, leaving the view of the rapids and islands and the sur- roundings of the great cataract unobstructed. A plan for the restoration of the natural scenery has been prepared, and "as soon as the hand of nature, nowhere more powerful than in this favored place, can do the work, these banks will be covered with trees, these slopes made verdant, and the cataract once more elothed with the charms that nature gave it."
In 1885 the legislature of Ontario, Can- ada, followed the example of New York, and passed an act providing for the appoint- ment of the commissioners of the Niagara Falls Park. C. S. Gzowski, J. W. Lang- muir, and J. G. Macdonald were appointed commissioners. A strip of land was se- lected, one hundred and fifty four acres in area, extending from a point below the falls to the head of the rapids, a distance of about two miles. Awards were made to the amount of $436,813.24. The Queen Vie-
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OF NIAGARA COUNTY.
toria Niagara Falls Park, on the Canadian side, was opened to the public May 24, 1888.
Undesirable buildings upon the cliff have been removed, walks and drives provided, and the falls upon the Canadian side are now environed by one of the most beautiful natural parks on the continent.
Post Offices. - The following is an official and alphabetical list of the post offices in Niagara county on January 1, 1892 :
Barker's, Beach Ridge, Bergholtz, Cam- bria, Coomer, Coomer Station, County Linc, Dysinger, East Wilson, Gasport, Gratwick, Hartland, Hess Road Station, Hickory Cor- ners, Johnson's Creek, Lake Road, La Salle, Leslie, Lewiston, Lockport, McNalls, Maple Street, Mapleton Station, Martinsville, Mid- dleport, New Fane, New Fane Station, Niagara Falls, Niagara University, North Hartland, North Ridge, Olcott, Orangeport, Pekin, Pendleton, Pendleton Centre, Randall Road, Ransomville, Rapids, Raymond, Rey- nale's Basin, Ridge Road, Royalton, Saint Johnsburgh, Sanborn, Shawnee, Somerset, South Somerset, South Wilson, Suspension Bridge, Warren's Corners, Wendelville, West Somerset, Wilson, Wolcottsville, Wright's Corners, and Youngstown. Of these, Lock- port, Niagara Falls, and Suspension Bridge are international and domestic money order offices, and Gasport, Johnson's Creek, La Salle, Lewiston, Middleport, New Fane, Ransomville, Sanborn, Wilson and Youngs- town are alone domestic money order offices. Lockport is a second-class presidential post office, witli a salary of $2,700, while Niagara Falls and Suspension Bridge are also second- class offices, but with salaries respectively of $2,300 and $1,600, and the rest of the offices are all fourthi-class, whose postmasters must deposit their postal balances with the postmaster of Rochester, New York.
NIAGARA COUNTY OFFICERS.
County Judge-Hon. David Millar.
Stenographer-William R. Culver.
Crier-William H. Crampton.
Sheriff-Nathan Ensign.
Under Sheriff-Lawrence A. Pickard.
County Clerk-Daniel C. Carroll.
Deputy County Clerk-C. H. MacDon- ald.
Special Deputy County Clerk -F. J. Keating.
District Attorney-P. F. King.
Assistant District Attorney-Frederick H. Pomroy.
County Treasurer-John Jacob Arnold. Surrogate-Chauncey E. Dunkleberger. Surrogate's Clerk -Fred H. Krull.
Superintendent of Poor - Martin Wendel. Justices of Sessions-Joseph Arnold and Andrew Welsher.
Coroners-Chas. C. Chmitt, Tonawanda ; J. W. Bickford, East Lockport; M. Robin- son, Lewiston; W. H. Cornell, Suspension Bridge.
State Senator-G. S. Van Gorder, Wyo- ming county.
Members of Assembly-G. L. Judd, L. P. Gillette.
Loan Commissioners -Andrew M. Pierce, E. J. Parker.
County Supervisors. - Cambria, James L. Barnes, North Ridge; Hartland, John H. Matteson, North Hartland; Lewiston, W. J. Cooke, Lewiston; Lockport, John G. Free- man, Lockport; city, first ward, Patrick H. Tuohey; second ward, M. C. Conlin ; third ward, James Atwater; fourth ward, Wm. H. Upson ; Pendleton, A. D. Thomp- son, Mapleton Station; New Fane, James McCollun, New Fane; Niagara, Hazard II. Sheldon, Suspension Bridge ; Porter, Harvey
7
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BIOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
Cudaback, Youngstown; Royalton, Francis Hunter, Middleport; Somerset, Andrew Armstrong, Barkers; Wilson, Samuel H. Pettit, Wilson; Wheatfield, C. Wichterman, Shawnee.
Supervisors' clerk-John J. B. Spooner.
Town Clerks .- Cambria, Wm. D. Crosier, Pekin ; Hartland, Chas. A. Kendall, John- son's Creek; Lewiston, Thomas P. Scovell, Lewiston ; Lockport, Harvey M. Dysinger, Lockport; Pendleton, Jacob Bluun, Jr., Pendleton ; New Fane, Louis A. Meyer, New Fane; Niagara, James F. Murphy, Niagara Falls; Porter, John W. Thompson, Youngs- town; Royalton, W. E. Graham, Royalton ; Somerset, S. W. Frost, Somerset; Wilson, Jas. S. Burgess, Wilson ; Wheatfield, Charles Hagen, North Tonawanda.
NIAGARA COUNTY COURTS.
Special term of Supreme Court and Courts of Oyer and Terminer :
First Monday February -Lambert. Third Monday April-Lewis. First Monday September-Childs. Second Monday November, special term - Lambert.
County Courts and Courts of Sessions will be held at the court house in the city of Lockport as follows :
Second Monday in March-Millar.
Fourth Monday in May-Millar.
Third Monday in October-Millar. Second Monday in December-Millar. With a trial at each term and grand jury at December term only.
Terms of the County Court will be held at the chambers of the county judge, in the city of Lockport, as follows :
Second and fourth Saturdays in January. Second and fourth Saturdays in February. Fourth Saturday in March.
Fourth Saturday in May. Fourth Saturday in June. Second Saturday in September. First Saturday in October.
Second and fourth Saturdays in November Ex parte and contested motions only will be heard at the chambers.
Issues of fact triable by jury, and appeals from justices courts, will be put upon the calendar for and heard only at said court house.
Schools .- The early schools of Niagara county, like all frontier counties, were of necessity but elementary in character. They were taught often by incompetent teachers; while the school-houses, which were generally erccted by "bees" or gath- erings of settlers having children to go to school, were round log structures with slab benches, and no blackboards or any other school apparatus. Among the first text books were: Webster's Spelling Book, Daboll's Arithmetic, Morse's Geography, Murray's Grammar, and the English Reader.
As roads were opened to the east and the country became cleared out, better school houses were built, better teachers were em- ployed, and many who desired an education in the higher branches attended the lead- ing academies and colleges of New York and other States. The first school probably in the county was at Niagara Falls and was opened in 1807.
Higher education in a few years after the settlement of the county received atten- tion, and Lewiston academy was in existence from 1828 to 1851. De Veaux college was incorporated April 15, 1853, at Suspension Bridge, and the Seminary of Our Lady of Angels was opened between Niagara Falls and Lewiston, in May, 1857. What little can be found of these institutions of learn-
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OF NIAGARA COUNTY.
ing, and the common schools, will be given in the history of the respective towns.
The Lockport Union school is one of the best in western New York. The building, an imposing structure, was built a few years ago at a cost of many thousand dollars.
Niagara Paper Box Works .- Among the business enteprises of Niagara Falls that are unique, and deserve something more than a inere mention, is the Niagara Paper Box Works, of which Mrs. J. A. Ward is the proprietor. These works were established by Mrs. Ward in 1886, and operations began with fifteen inexperienced employees. Dur- ing the first year they turned out thirty thousand boxes each month, some of which were of the ordinary coarse quality common everywhere. Mrs. Ward abandoned the coarser grade of goods and devoted her energies to finer work, a policy she so steadily maintained that now her factory produces nothing but the finest and highest class of boxes, used by confectioners, sta- tioners, jewelers, and druggists, and is, in- deed, the only place in the State, outside of New York city, where fine paper boxes are manufactured. Her elegant wedding-cake boxes have won her a wide reputation, and some of them are what a poet might tern a " perfect dream in paper." Her sales are very large, and extend to all parts of the Empire State. Great quantities of her boxes are used in the city of Buffalo, where they have thirteen paper box factories, but none that compare in their finished product with the goods created at the Niagara Paper Box Works. These works now employ seventeen experienced workmen the year round, and stand as a monument to the pluck, energy, and great business capacity possessed by their cultured and intelligent proprietor.
Churches .- In 1875 there were reported to be ninety-five church organizations in Niagara county, with the following number of churches and members of each denom- ination given below :
Denomination.
Number.
Membership.
Catholic
12 5,385
Methodist Episcopal. 22 1,792
Presbyterian. 9 1,335
Evangelical Lutheran .. 10
1,115
Protestant Episcopal. ..
7 989
Congregationalist ..
3
961
Baptist.
7
938
Evangelical Association
3
365
Universalist
3 185
United Free Methodist ..
5
185
United Evangelical.
1
125
Union
2
105
Disciple ( Campbellite ) ..
1 80
Friends (Quaker)
1 70
Wesleyan Methodist. 3
55
A. M. E.
2 46
Christian Connection.
1 20
"Religion holds the sceptre of the centu- ries. Other forces weaken, other issues die, other actors pass off the stage and are heard of no more; but religion remains forever."
The first religious services ever held on the territory of the county were by the French Catholic missionaries who accompa- nied the early French discoverers and ex- plorers of western New York. We have found it impossible, from the loose, uncon- nected, and unsatisfactory accounts in print, of the founding and growth of Christian churches in the county, to give an intelli- gent history of the churches. From printed accounts we find that the presbytery of Ni- agara, in 1817, was set off from that of Gen- esee presbytery. The Niagara Baptist as- sociation was formed June 23, 1843, at IIart-
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BIOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
land, and the next year Orleans association was taken from it.
We find that in 1833 there were thirty- four Presbyterian Sunday schools reported in Niagara county, with 214 teachers, 1,818 scholars, and 1,339 library books.
CHURCHES ESTABLISHED FROM 1815 TO 1879.
CATHOLIC.
Lewiston, before. 1825
Youngstown, about 1830
St. John's the Baptist, Lockport. 1834
Niagara Falls Mission 1847
Good Shepherd, Suspension Bridge. 1854
St. Raphael's, Suspension Bridge 1855
St. Patrick's, Hartland, before. 1856
St. Mary's, Royalton
1858
St. Bridget's.
1859
St. Mary's, Lockport. 1860
PRESBYTERIAN.
Lewiston 1817
Wilson. 1819
Lockport, before 1823
Niagara Falls 1824
Somerset
1824
Second Ward, Lockport.
1832
Middleport 1833
Mapleton 1835
Wright's Corners 1872
Calvary, Lockport 1877
METHODIST EPISCOPAL.
Olcott .. 1815
Somerset. 1817
Royalton 1818
Niagara Falls, about .. 1820
Wilson, about. 1820
Porter 1821
Niagara Street. 1823
Youngstown 1823
Warren's Corners. 1825
Middleport. 1827
Lockport
1834
Porter Centre 1838
Charlotte
1844
Cambria.
1845
Clinton Street, Lockport.
1855
La Salle
1856
Pendleton.
1858
Second, Wilson
1875
BAPTIST.
First, Hartland
1817
Cambria, Lockport. 1817
Somerset
1820
First, Royalton. 1822
First, New Fane 1829
Wilson.
1833
Ransomville
1834
Niagara Falls.
1842
West Somerset
1845
EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN.
First, Lockport
1837
Martinsville
1846
Holy Ghost. 1846
St. Johnsburg 1846
New Walmore
1853
Royalton
1854
St. Paul, Suspension Bridge
1859
Trinity.
1866
PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL.
St. Peter's, Niagara Falls 1829
St. Paul's, Lewiston 1832
Christ's, Lockport.
1832
Grace, Lockport.
1835
Epiphany, Suspension Bridge. 1858
Trinity, Royalton.
1864
St. John's, Youngstown.
1868
CONGREGATIONALIST.
Royalton ..
1817
First, Cambria. 1817
First Free. 1838
First, Lockport, before. 1839
First, Suspension Bridge
1855
- --
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OF NIAGARA COUNTY.
FREE METHODIST.
Ransomville 1860
Loekport. 1862
Wilson 1865
Niagara Falls. 1877
EVANGELICAL.
First, Lockport 1857
Gasport .. 1858
Zion, Suspension Bridge 1864
UNION CHURCHES.
Lockport 1850
Oleott. 1858
First, Cambria 1867
FRIENDS.
Hartland. 1817
Somerset. 1821
WESLEYAN METHODIST.
Olcott. 1849
UNIVERSALIST.
Lockport 1838
Middleport 1841
UNITED BRETHREN.
Rapids 1860
Pendleton 1874
METHODIST PROTESTANT.
Hartland 1842
GERMAN U. V.
Lockport
1862
CHRISTIAN (CAMPBELLITE ).
First, Orangeport.
1817
From a late loeal publication of Tona- wanda, we find the following in regard to the churches of that enterprising and prosperous city: "To the widely di- versified characer of its original citizen- ship, and to the many elements which entered into the settlement of the sur- rounding country, and to the spirit of
tolerance that has always prevailed, North Tonawanda owes a variety and number of churches, as well as the generous support of them, such as is exhibited in no com- munity of equal size. There are seventeen churches representing the following denom- inations : One Baptist, one Protestant Episcopal, one German, three Evangelieal, two Methodist Episcopal, two German Lu- theran, two Church of Christ, two Free Methodist, one German Baptist, one Zion Methodist, one United Salem's Church, and one Catholic-St. Francis."
Banks .- Of the banks in the county we glean the following facts: The Bank of Loekport was incorporated in 1828, and the Lockport Bank & Trust Company and the Canal bank were established in 1838. The Western bank was organized in 1850, the Lockport bank in 1858, and the Cata- ract bank about 1862. The National Exchange bank was a State bank from 1844 to 1865, when it was organized as a National bank. The First National bank was organized in 1863, the Niagara County National bank in 1864, and the Farmers and Mechanics Saving bank was chartered in 1870. The Lockport Banking Associa- tion commenced business in 1872, and S. Curt Lewis' bank was in existence in 1878. The Merchants bank of Lockport was organized March 1, 1890, and the Cataract bank of Niagara Falls in 1869, while Evans, Schwinger & Co.'s banking house, of North Tonawanda, was established in 1877. In 1883 the banking firm of Evans, Schwinger & Co. was merged into the State Bank of Tonawanda. The Lumber Ex- change bank, of North Tonawanda, was also organized in recent years.
The Press .- Of the papers published in Niagara county, from 1821 to 1879, we find
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BIOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
the following of those issued in the city of Lockport :
The Niagara Democrat was started in 1821 by Bartemus Ferguson, and later its name was changed to the Lockport Observa- tory. In 1823 the Lewiston Sentinel was established, but soon it was known as the Niagara Sentinel, and in 1828 it was consoli- dated with the Lockport Observatory, and was issued as the Democrat and Sentinel. The same year it was called the Lockport Journal, and in 1829 it took the name of the Lockport Balance. In 1833 the Lock- port Gazette was published, and the following year it was consolidated with the Lockport Balance and was issued as the Lockport Bal- anee and Gazette, and afterwards was known as the Lockport Balanee. A new paper, called the Niagara Democrat, was started in 1835, and in 1837 it was consolidated with the Lockport Balance, and was issued as the Niagara Democrat and Lockport Balance; but it afterward resumed the name of the Niagara County Democrat. In 1853 the Lockport Daily Advertiser was established, and a weekly publication was also started under the name of The Demoerat and Adver- tiser. The Lockport Chroniele was started in 1859, and in 1860 the Lockport Daily Union was issued from the same office. In 1862 these two papers were consolidated, the daily taking the name of Lockport Daily Union, and the weekly that of the Niagara Demo- crat, which names they still retain (1879). In 1863 the Lockport Bee was published, and afterwards was known as The Union and Dem- oerat. The Niagara Courier was started in 1827, the Niagara Cataract in 1846, the Lockport Journal (weekly) in 1851, and the Lockport Journal (daily) in 1852. In 1859 the Journal and Courier were consolida- ted, and the daily was issued as The Journal
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