USA > New York > Broome County > Gazetteer and business directory of Broome and Tioga Counties, N. Y. for 1872-3 > Part 4
USA > New York > Tioga County > Gazetteer and business directory of Broome and Tioga Counties, N. Y. for 1872-3 > Part 4
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OREGON, although it had previously been seen by various naviga- tors, was first taken possession of by Capt. Robert Gray, who entered the mouth of its principal river May 7, 1792, naming it after his vessel, the Columbia, of Boston. Exploring expeditions soon followed, and fur com- panies sent their trappers and traders into the region. In 1811 a trading post was established at the mouth of the Columbia river by the American Fur Company, who named it Astoria. For some time a Provisional Ter- ritorial Government existed, but the boundary remained unsettled until ·the treaty with Great Britain in 1846, when the 49th parallel was adopted. It was formally organized as a Territory August 14, 1848; was divided March 2, 1853, on the 46th parallel, the northern portion being called Washington and the southern Oregon. November 9, 1857, a State Con- stitution was adopted, under which it was admitted February 14, 1859, about one-third of it on the east being added to Washington Territory, its northern boundary following the Columbia river until its intersection with latitude 46º north. Area 102,606 square miles, or 65,667,840 acres. Population in 1870, 90,878. It is an agricultural State, pos- sessed of a fertile soil, extensive pastures, genial climate, and is well wooded. Gold and other precious metals are found in considerable abundance.
PENNSYLVANIA was settled at Philadelphia, in 1681, by Eng- lish Quakers, and was chartered February 28 of the same year. It was one of the original thirteen States, ratifying the United States Constitution December 12, 1787; adopted a State Constitution September 28, 1776, and amended it September 2, 1790. Area 46,000 square miles, or 29,440,000 acres. Population in 1870, 3,511,543. It is the second State in wealth and population, and the principal coal and iron mining region in the
29
THE STATES, THEIR SETTLEMENT, ETC.
Union. Residence in the State one year, and ten days in the election district, with payment of a State or county tax assessed ten days prior to an election, gives the right to vote ; except that citizens between 21 and 22 years of age need not have paid the tax.
RHODE ISLAND was settled at Providence in 1636, by the Eng- lish from Massachusetts, under Roger Williams. It was under the juris- diction of Massachusetts until July 8, 1662, when a separate charter was granted, which continued in force until the formation of a Constitution in September, 1842. It was one of the original thirteen States, ratifying the United States Constitution May 29, 1790. Area 1,306 square miles, or 835,840 acres. Population in 1870, 217,356. It is largely engaged in manufactures. A freehold possession of $13; or, if in reversion, renting for $7, together with a residence of one year in the State and six months in the town ; or, if no freehold, then a residence of two years in the State and six months in the town, and payment of $1 tax or military service in- stead, are the qualifications of voters.
SOUTH CAROLINA was settled at Port Royal, in 1670, by the English, and continued under the charter of Carolina, or North Carolina, until they were separated in 1729. It was one of the original thirteen States, ratifying the United States Constitution May 23, 1798 ; it framed a State Constitution March 26, 1776, which was amended March 19, 1778, and June 3; 1790. Area 29,385 square miles, or 18,806,400 acres. Population in 1860, 703,708, of whom 402,406 were slaves, an excess of 101,270 over the whites. Population in 1870, 705,789. It is the principal rice-growing State. Males residing in the State two years and district six months, and having a freehold of fifty acres of land, or have paid a State tax, are entitled to vote. December 17, 1860, a Convention assembled in Columbia, adjourned to Charleston, and on the 24th unanimously adopted an ordinance of secession, which was followed the next day by a Declaration of Causes claimed to be sufficient to justify the act. An elec- tion for delegates to a State Convention was held September 4, 1865. The Convention assembled September 13, and adjourned on the 28th: It repealed the ordinance of secession, abolished slavery, equalized the repre- sentation of the Senate and taxation throughout the State, giving the election of Governor and Presidential electors to the people, ordered voting in the Legislature by viva voce, endorsed the Administration un- animously, and directed a commission to submit a code to the Legisla- ture for the protection of the colored population. The Legislature ratified the Constitutional Amendment November 13, 1865.
TENNESSEE was settled at Fort Donelson, in 1756, by emigrants from Virginia and North Carolina; was ceded to the United States by North Carolina, December, 1789, conveyed by the Senators of that State February 25, 1790, and accepted by act of Congress April 2 of the same year ; it adopted a Constitution Feb. 6, 1796, and was admitted into the Union the 1st of June following. Area 45,600 square miles, or 29,184,000 acres. Population in 1860, 1,109,601, of whom 275,179 were slaves. Population in 1870 was 1,225,937. It is a mining and agricultural State, and is largely productive of live stock. Citizens of the United States who have resided six months in the county are entitled to vote. A military league was formed between the Governor, Isham G. Harris, and the rebel States, May 7, 1861, ratified the same day by the Senate by a vote of 14 to 6, and a Declaration of Independence submitted to the people, the election to be held June 8, the result of which was declared by the Gov- ernor, June 24, to be 104,913 for, and 47,238 against. This movement
30
THE STATES, THEIR SETTLEMENT, ETC.
not being acceptable to the people of East Tennessee, which had declared against separation by a vote of 32,923 to 14,780, they, in a Convention held at Greenville, June 18-21, repudiated it. Andrew Johnson, Provisional Governor of the State, called a State Convention to be held in Nashville the second Monday in January. Delegates were elected, the Conven- tion met, declared slavery forever abolished, prohibited compensation to owners of slaves, and abrogated the secession ordinances. These amend- ments of the Constitution were submitted to the people 22d of February, 1865, with the following result: For ratification, 22,197; rejection, 63. The United States Constitutional Amendment was ratified April 5, 1865.
TEXAS was first settled at Bexar, in 1694, by Spaniards; formed a part of Mexico until 1836, when she revolted from that Republic and in- stituted a separate Government, under which she existed until admitted into the Union by a joint resolution approved March 1st, 1845, imposing certain conditions, which were accepted, and a Constitution formed July 4 of the same year, and another joint resolution adopted by Congress, consummating the annexation, was approved December 29, 1845. Area 237,504 square miles, or 152,002,500 acres. Population in 1860, 604,215, of whom 182,566 were slaves. Population in 1870 was 795,500. It is an agricultural region, principally devoted to grain, cotton and tropical fruits. Male citizens of 21 years of age, who have resided in the State one year and district six months are entitled to vote. A Convention assembled at Galveston January 28, 1861, and on February 1 passed an ordinance of secession, by a vote of 166 to 7, to be submitted to the people February 23, and on March 4 they declared the State out of the Union, and Gov. Houston issued a Proclamation to that effect.
VERMONT was settled in 1724, by Englishmen from Connecticut, chiefly under grants from New Hampshire; was formed from a part of the territory of New York, by act of its Legislature March 6, 1769; framed a Constitution December 25, 1777, and was admitted into the Union March 4, 1791, by virtue of an act of Congress passed February 18 of the same year. Area 10,212 square miles, or 6,535,680 acres. Population in 1870, 330,582. It is a grazing region, producing more wool, live stock, maple sugar, butter, cheese and hay, in proportion to its population, than any other State. Any citizen of the United States who has resided in the State one year, and will take the oath of allegiance, is entitled to vote.
VIRGINIA was settled at Jamestown, in 1607, by the English, and was chartered April 10, 1606, May 23, 1609, and March 12, 1612. It was one of the original thirteen States, ratifying the United States Constitution June 25, 1788; it framed a State Constitution July 5, 1776, which was amended January 15, 1830. The State was divided in 1863. Present area 37,352 square miles. Population in 1860, 1,314,532, of whom 481,- 410 were slaves. Population in 1870 1,211,442. It is a large corn produc- ing, and the chief tobacco growing State. Every male citizen of the age of 21 years, who has been a resident of the State for one year, and of the county, city or town where he offers to vote for six months next preceding an election, and has paid all taxes assessed to him, after the adoption of the Constitution, under the laws of the Commonwealth, after the re-organization of the county, city or town where he offers to vote, is qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly and all officers elective by the people. A Convention sitting in Richmond on the 17th of April, 1861, passed an ordinance of secession, by a vote of 88 to 55, which was submitted to the people at an election held May 23, the result of which was announced June 25 to be 128,824 for, and 32,134 against.
.
1
THE STATES, THEIR SETTLEMENT, ETC.
31
The State Government was re-organized by a Convention which met at Wheeling, May 11, 1861. Upon the division of the State in 1863, the seat of Government was removed to Alexandria. A State Constitutional Convention, March 10, 1864, adopted a section abolishing slavery.
WEST VIRGINIA .- On the passage of the ordinance of se- cession by the Virginia Convention, a Convention of the western and other loyal counties of the State was held at Wheeling, which assembled May 11, 1861, and on the 17th unanimously deposed the then State officers and organized a Provisional Government. On the 26th of November, 1861, a Convention representing the western counties assembled in Wheeling and framed a Constitution for West Virginia, which was submitted to the people on the 3d of May, 1862, and adopted by them by a nearly unani- mous vote. The division of the State was sanctioned by the Legislature May 13, 1862, and ratified by Congress by an act approved December 31, 1862, conditioned on the adoption of an amendment to the Constitution providing for the gradual abolition of slavery, which was done on the 24th of March, 1863, by a vote of the qualified electors of the proposed State, 28,318 voting in favor of the amendment, and 572 against it .. In pursu- ance of the act of Congress, the President issued a Proclamation, April 20, 1863, admitting the State sixty days from the date thereof, and on the 20tlı of June the new State Government was formally inaugurated. · Area 24,000 square miles. Population in 1860, 350,599, of whom 12,754 were slaves. Population in 1870 was 441,094. It is a large corn producing State, and abounds in coal and other minerals. The Alexandria Legisla- ture adopted the United States Constitutional Amendment February 9, 1865. Male citizens, residents of the State one year and county thirty days, unless disqualified by rebellion, are entitled to vote.
WISCONSIN was settled at Green Bay, in 1669, by the French ; was a part of the territory ceded by Virginia, and was set off from Micli- igan December 24, 1834, and was organized into a 'Territory April 30, 1836. Iowa was set off from it June 12, 1838, and acts were passed at various times setting its boundaries. March 3, 1847, an act for its admis- sion into the Union was passed, to take effect on the issuing of a Procla- mation by the President, and by act of May 29, 1848, it was admitted into the Union. Area 53,924 square miles, or 34,511,360 acres. Population in 1870, 1,055,501. It is an agricultural State, chiefly engaged in grain rais- ing and wool growing. Citizens of the United States, or foreigners who have declared their intention to become citizens, are entitled to vote. Colored citizens were admitted to. the franchise, by a decision of the Supreme Court, rendered the 27th day of March, 1866, holding that, whereas an election was held in 1849, under the provisions of chapter 137, of that year, at which election 5,265 votes were cast in favor of the extension of the right of suffrage to colored men, and 4,075 against such extension, therefore, the section of said law conferring such right had been constitutionally adopted and is the law of the land.
32
THE TERRITORIES, THEIR BOUNDARIES, ETC.
THE TERRITORIES,
THEIR BOUNDARIES, AREA, PHYSICAL FEATURES, ETC.
ALASKA, our new territory, recently purchased of Russia, compre- hends all the north-west coast on the Pacific, and the adjacent islands north of the parallel of 50 degrees 40 minutes north, and the portion of the main- land west of the meridian (about 140° west) of Mount St. Elias. The area is computed at 481,276 square miles. The climate, although warmer than in the same latitude on the eastern coast, is too rigorous to admit of suc- cessful agricultural operations, and the chief value of the country and ad- jacent seas is derived from their fisheries and hunting grounds. The south- ern and central portions are mountainous; the northern portion along the Arctic ocean is quite flat, nowhere.rising more than fifteen or twenty feet above the sea. The population is estimated at about 80,000, mostly Esqui- meaux.
ARIZONA was organized by the Thirty-Seventh Congress, in the win- ter of 1863, out of the western half of New Mexico, the boundary between the two Territories being the 109th meridian (32d west from Washington,) and includes the greater portions of the valleys of Colorado and Gila, which two rivers drain its entire surface, with parts of Utah, New Mexico and Nevada, and yet convey, it is reported, a less volume of water to the sea than the Hudson at Albany. The fertile Messilla Valley was left with New Mexico. The Territory forms a block nearly square, and contains 126,141 square miles, or 80,730,240 acres. Its white population in 1870 was 9,658. For agricultural purposes it is probably the most worthless on the Continent, owing to the absence of rains, but it is reputed to abound in silver mines.
COLORADO was organized March 2, 1861, from parts of Kansas, Nebraska and Utah, and is situated on each side of the Rocky Mountains, between latitude 37° and 41º, and longitude 25° and 32° west from Wash- ington. Area. 104,500 square miles, or 66,880,000 acres. Population in 1870 was 39,706, besides numerous tribes of Indians. By an enabling act passed March 21, 1864, the people of the Territory were authorized to frame a State Constitution and organize a State Government, and a Convention accordingly met in 1865, and on the 12th of August adopted a Constitu- tion, which was submitted to and adopted by the people September 5, and State officers elected November 14. A bill to admit the Territory as a State passed Congress, but was vetoed May 25, 1866. It is said to be a superior grazing and cattle producing region, with a healthy climate and rich soil. An extensive coal bed, and also gold, iron and other minerals abound.
COLUMBIA .- Originally the " District of Columbia" was ceded to the United States by Maryland and Virginia, in 1790, and became the seat of the National Government in 1800. It was orignally ten miles square, lying on both sides of the Potomac, thirty-six square miles having been taken from Virginia, and sixty-four square miles from Maryland. By an
33
THE TERRITORIES, THEIR BOUNDARIES, ETC.
act of Congress in 1846, that portion taken from Virginia was retroceded to that State. The 41st Congress, 1870-71, erected the District into a Terri- tory. Until this year the Distriet was governed directly by the Congress of the United States, and its inhabitants had no representation and no voice in the Federal elections. The cities of the Territory are Washington and Georgetown. Population in 1870 was 131,706.
DAKOTA was first settled by employees of the Hudson Bay Com- pany, but is now being peopled by emigrants from the Northern and Wes- tern States. It was set off from the western portion of Minnesota when that Territory became a State in 1857, and was organized March 2, 1861. Area 148,932 square miles, or 95,316,480 acres. Population in 1870 was 14,181 whites, besides the roving tribes of Indians.
IDAHO was organized by the Thirty-Seventh Congress, at its second session, in the winter of 1863. Its name means 'Bead of the Mountains,' and it embraces the whole breadth of the Rocky Mountain region, and has within its bounds the head waters of nearly all the great rivers that flow down its either slope, but the greater portion lies east of the mountains. Its southern boundary is the 41st, its northern the 46th parallel of latitude. It extends from the 104th meridian on the east to the 110th on the west. Area 326,373 square miles, or 208,870,720 acres. Population in 1870, 14,- 998 besides the Indians. For agricultural purposes it is comparatively worthless, but abounds in gold and other valuable mines.
MONTANA was settled by emigrants from the Northern and West- ern States. Organized in 1864, with the following boundaries: Com- mencing at a point formed by the intersection of the 27º L. W. from Wash- ington with the 45º N. L .; thence due west on said 45th degree to a point formed by its intersection with the 34th degree W. from Washington ; thence due south along said 34th degree of longitude to its intersection with the 44th degree and 30 minutes of N. L. ; thence due west along said 44th degree and 30 minutes of N. L. to a point formed by its intersection with the crest of the Rocky Mountains; thence following the crest of the Rocky Mountains northward till its intersection with the Bitter Root Mountains; thence northward along the crest of said Bitter Root Moun- tains to its intersection with the 39th degree of longitude W. from Wash- ington; thence along said 39th degree of longitude northward to the boundary line of the British possessions; thence eastward along said boundary to the 27th degree of longitude W. from Washington; thence southward along said 27th degree to the place of beginning. This makes it the northermost Territory next the States east of the Missouri Valley. It is a good mining and agricultural region. The population in 1870 was 20,594.
NEW MEXICO was formed from a part of the territory ceded to the United States by Mexico, by the treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo, Feb- ruary 2, 1848, and was organized into a Territory September 9, 1850 .- Area 121,201 square miles, or 77,568,640 acres. Population in 1870 was 91,789, besides large tribes of warlike Indians. The principal resource of the country is its minerals.
UTAH was settled by the Mormons, and was formed from a part of the territory ceded to the United States by Mexico, by the treaty of Guada- loupe Hidalgo, February 2, 1848, and was organized into a Territory, Sep- tember 9, 1850. Area, 106,382 square miles, or 68,084,480 acres. Popula- tion in 1870 was 86,786. Brine, sulphureous and chalybeate springs abound; limestone, granite, sandstone and marble are found in large quantities; iron is abundant, and gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc have
34
STAMP DUTIES.
been found. Not one-fiftieth part of the soil is fit for tillage, but on that which is, abundant crops of grain and considerable cotton are raised. A Convention was held at Great Salt Lake City, January 22, 1862, and a State Constitution formed, but it has not been acted on by Congress.
WASHINGTON was settled by emigrants from the Northern and Western States, and was organized into a Territory, March 2, 1853, from the northern portion of Oregon, to which was added another portion from the eastern part when the latter Territory was admitted as a State, February 14, 1859. Area 69,994 square miles, or 48,636,800 acres. Population in 1870 was 23,901 besides numerous tribes of Indians.
WYOMING was organized in July 1868. It lies between the 27th and 34th meridians of longitude west from Washington, and between the 41st and 45th parallels of latitude. The Territory is rich in mineral wealth, having large quantities of iron, coal, gypsum and building stone, besides vast quantities of gold, silver and copper. Salt springs of great value are found within its limits. The western portion of the Territory embraces what is generally known as the "Sweet Water Mines." The climate is healthy, and the Territory is rapidly filling up with an enterprising and hardy population. The act of Congress organizing the Territory, provides that " There shall be no denial of the elective franchise or any other right, on account of color or race, and all persons shall be equal before the law." Population in 1870 was 9,118.
STAMP DUTIES.
Schedule of Duties on and after March 1, 1867, with amendments to take effect Oct. 1, 1870. (See Note, at end of Schedule.)
Stamp Duty.
Stamp Duty. 2
Accidental injuries to persons, tick- ets, or contracts for insurance against,
Affidavits,
exempt. exempt.
Agreement or contract not other- wise specified :
For every sheet or piece of paper upon which either of the same shall be written, $0 5
Agreement, renewal of, same stamp as original instrument.
Appraisement of value or damage, or for any other purpose : For each sheet of paper on which it is written,
5
Assignment of a lease, same stamp as original, and additional stamp upon the value or con- sideration of transfer, accord- ing to the rates of stamps on deeds. (See Conveyance.) Assignment of policy of insurance, same stamp as original instru- ment. (See Insurance.)
And for every additional $100 or fractional part thereof in ex- cess of $100,
Bill of exchange, (foreign,) or let- ter of credit drawn in, but pay- able out of, the United States :
· If drawn singly, same rates of duty as inland bills of exchange or promissory notes.
Assignment of mortgage, Bank check, draft or order for any sum of money drawn upon any bank, banker or trust compa-
exempt.
ny at sight or on demand,
When drawn upon any other per- son or persons, companies or corporations, for any snm ex- ceeding $10, at sight or on de- mand, 2
Bill of exchange, (Inland,) draft or order for the payment of any sum of money not exceeding $100. otherwise than at sight or on demand, or any memoran- . dum, check, receipt, or other written or printed evidence of an amount of money to be paid on demand or at a time desig- nated : For a sum not exceed- ing $100,
5
If drawn in sets of three or more, for every bill of each set, where
1455591 STAMP DUTIES.
35
Stamp Duty.
Stamp Duty.
the sum made payable shall not exceed $100 or the equivalent thereof in any foreign currency And for every additional $100, or fractional part thereof in excess of $100,
2
rine surveyor, or other person acting as such,
25
Bill of lading or receipt (other than charter party) for any goods, merchandise, or effects to be exported from a port or place in the United States to any for- eign port or place, 10
2
Certificate of deposit of any sum of money in any bank or trust company, or with any banker or person acting as such : If for a sum not exceeding $100, 2
For a sum exceeding $100. 5
Certificate of any other descrip- tion than those specified, Charter, renewal of, same stamp as an original instrument.
5
Bill of lading to any port in Brit- ish North America,
exempt. exempt.
Bill of sale by which any ship or vessel, or any part thereof, shall be conveyed to or vested in any other person or persons :
When the consideration shall not exceed $500,
50
Exceeding $500, and not exceed- ing $1,000,
1 00
Exceeding 150 tons, and not ex- ceeding 300 tons,
3 00
Exceeding $1,000, for every ad- ditional $500, or fractional part thereof,
50
Exceeding 300 tons, and not ex- ceeding 600 tons, Exceeding 600 tons,
5 00 10 00 2
Bond for indemnifying any person for the payment of any sum of money : When the money ulti- mately recoverable thereupon is $1,000 or less,
50
When in excess of $1,000, for each $1,000 or fraction,
50
Bond-administrator or guardian, when the valne of the estate and effects, real and personal, does not exceed $1,000, Exceeding $1,000,
exempt. 1 00
1 00
Bond of any description, other than such as may be required in le- gal proceedings, or used in con- nection with mortgage deeds, and not otherwise charged in this schedule, 25
Broker'snotes. (See Contract.) Certificates of measurement or weight of animals, wood, coal . or hay, exempt.
Certificates of measurement of oth- er articles,
5
Certificates of stock in any incor- porated company, 25
Certificates of profits, or any certi- ficate or memorandum showing an interest in the property or accumulations of any incor- porated company : If for a sum not less than $10 and not ex- ceeding $50,
Exceeding $50 and not exceed- ing $1,000, 25
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