USA > New York > Ulster County > Gazetteer and business directory of Ulster County, N.Y. for 1871-2 > Part 9
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The cure will be materially hastened by taking a table-spoon of sulphur in a half pint of milk, daily, until the cure is affected.
SURE CURE FOR CORNS, WARTS AND CHILBLAINS .- Take of nitric and muriatic acids, blue vitriol and salts of tartar, 1 oz. each. Add the blue vitriol, pulverized, to either of the acids; add the salts of tartar in the same way ; when done foaming. add the other acid, and in a few days it will be ready for use. For chilblains and corns apply it very lightly with a swab, and re- peat in a day or two until cured. For warts, once a week, until they disappear.
HOOF-AIL IN SHEEP .- Mix 2 ozs. each of butterof antimony and muriatic acid with 1 oz. of pulverized white vitriol. and apply once or twice a week to the bottom of the fout.
COMMON RHEUMATISM .- Kerosene oil 2 ozs .; neate-foot oil 1 oz .; oil of organum % oz. Shake when used, and rub and heat in twice daily.
VERY FINE SOAP, QUICKLY AND CHEAP- LY MADE .- Fourteen pounds of bar soap in a half a boiler of hot water : cut up fine ; add three pounds of sal-soda made fine; one ounce of pulverized rosin ; stir it often till all is dissolved ; just as you take it off the fire, put in two table-spoonfuls of spirits of turpentine and one of ammonia : pour it in a barrel, and fill up with cold soft water ; let it stand three or four days before using. It is an excellent soap for washing clothes, extracting the dirt readily, and not fading colored articles.
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VALUABLE RECIPES.
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WATER PROOP FOR LEATHER .- Take lin- seed oil 1 pint, yellow wax and white tur- pentine each 2 ozs. Burgundy pitch 1 oz., melt and color with lampblack.
To KEEP CIDER SWEET .- Put into each barrel, immediately after making, × 1b. ground mustard, 2 oz. salt and 2 oz. pulver- ized chalk. Stir them in a little cider, pour them into the barrel, and shake up well.
AQUE CURE .- Procure 1x table-spoons of fresh mandrake root juice, (by pounding) and mix with the same quantity of molas- ses, and take in three equal doses, 2 hours a part. the whole to be taken 1 hour before the chill comes on. Take a swallow of some good bitters before meals, for a couple of weeks after the chills are broken, and the cure will be permanent.
CURE FOR SALT RHEUM OR SCURVY .- Take of the pokeweed, any time in sum- mer ; pound it ; press out the juice; etrain it into a pewter dish; set it in the sun till it becomes a salve-then put it into an earth- en mug; add to it fresh water and bees' wax sufficient to make an ointment of com- mon consistency : simmer the whole over a fire till thoroughly mixed. When cold, rob the part affected. The patient will al- most immediately experience its good ef- fects, and the most obstinate cases will be cured in three or four months. Tested .- The juice of the ripe berries may be pre- pared in the same way.
SUPERIOR PAINT-FOR BRICK HOUSES .- To lime whitewash. add for a fastener, sul- phate of zinc, and shade with any color you choose, as yellow ochre, Venetian red, etc. It outlasts oil paint.
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FELONS .- Stir 1 oz. of Venice turpentine with " tea-spoonful of water, till it looks like candied honey, and apply by spreading upon cloth and wrapping around the finger. If not too long delayed will cure in 6 houre.
A poke root poultice is also said to be a sure remedy.
WATER-PROOF BLACKING AND HARNESS POLISH .- Take two and a half ounces gum shellac and half a pint of alcohol, and set in a warm place until dissolved; then add two and a half ounces Venice turpentine to neutralize the alcohol ; add a tablespoon- ful of lampblack. Apply with a fine sponge. It will give a good polish over oil or grease.
MOSQUITOS .- To get rid of these tormen- tors, take a few hot coals on a shovel, or a chating dish, and burn upon them some brown sugar in your bed-rooms and pariors, and you effectually banish or destroy every mosquito for the night.
CHEAP OUTSIDE PAINT .- Take two parts (in bulk) of water lime ground fine, one part (in bulk) of white lead ground in oil. Mix them thoroughly, by adding best boiled lin- seed oil, enough to prepare it to pass through a paint mill, after which temper with oil till it can be applied with a common paiut brush. Make any color to suit. It will last three times as long as lead paint, and cost not one-fourth as much. IT Is SUPERIOR.
CURE FOR A COUGH .- A strong decoction of the leaves of the pine, sweetened with loaf sugar. Take a wine-glass warm on go- ing to bed, and half an hour before eating three times a day. The above is sold as & cough syrup, and is doing wonderful cure -. and it is sold at a great profit to the manu- facturers.
How to Judge a Horse.
A correspondent. contrary to old maxims, undertakes to judge the character of a horse by outward appearances, and offers the fol- lowing suggestions. the result of his close observation and long experience:
If the color be light sorrell, or chestnut, his feet, legs and face white, these are marks of kindness. If he is broad and full between the eyes, he may be depended on as a horse of good sense, and capable of be- ing trained to anything.
As respects such horses, the more kindly you treat them the better you will be treat- ed in return. Nor will a horse of this de- scription stand a whip, if well fed.
If you want a safe horse, avoid one that in dish-faced. He may be so far gentle as not to scare; but he will have too much go- ahead in him to be safe with everybody.
If you want a fool, but a horse of great bottom, get a deep bay, with not a white hair about him. If his face is a little dish- ed, so much the worse. Let no man ride such a horse that is not an adept in riding -they are always tricky and unsafe.
If you want one that will never give out, never buy a large, overgrown one.
A black horse cannot stand heat, nor a white one cold.
If you want a gentle horse, get one with more or less white about the head; the more the better. Many persone suppose the parti-colored horses belonging to the circuses, shows, &c., are selected for their oddity. But the selections thus made sre on account of their great docility and gen- tleness.
Measurement of Hay in the Mow or Stack .- It is often desirable, where conveniences for weighing are not at hand, to purchase and sell hay by measure- ment. It is evident that no fixed rule will an-wer in all cases, as it would require more cubic feet at the top of a mow than at the bottom. The general rule adopted by those who have tested it, is that a cube, each side of which shall measure eight feet, of solid Timothy hay, as taken from now or bottom of stack will weigh a ton. The rule may be varied for upper part of mow or stack according to pressure.
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TWENTY YEAR CALENDAR.
Almanac or Calendar for 20 Years.
CB
A
G
F
ED
C
B
A
GF
E
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
D
C
BA
G
F
E
D C
F
E
D
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1
8 15 22 29
Sun.
Sat.
Frid'y.
Thurs.
Wed.
Tues.
Mon.
2
9 16 23 30
Mon.
Sun.
Sat.
Frid'y.
Thurs.
Wed.
Tues.
3 10 17 2431
Tues.
Mon.
Sun.
Sat.
Frid'y.
Thurs.
Wed.
4 11 18:25
Wed.
Tues.
Mon.
Sun.
Sat.
Frid'y.
Thurs.
5 12 19 26
Thurs.
Wed.
Tues.
Mon.
Sun.
Sat.
Frid'y.
6 13 20:27
Frid'y.
Thurs.
Wed.
Tues.
Mon.
Sun.
Sat.
7 14 21 28 ..
Sat.
Frid'y.
Thurs.
Wed.
Tues.
Mon.
Sun.
Jan. and Oct.
A
B
C.
D
E
F
G
May.
B
C
D
E
F
G
A
August.
C
D
E
F
G
A
B
Feb., Mar., Nov ..
D
E
F
G
A
B
C
June.
E
F
G
A
B
C
D
Sept. & Dec.
F
G
A
B
C
D
E
April & July.
G
A
B
C
D
E
F
1
EXPLANATION .-- Find the Year and observe the Letter above it; then look for the Month, and in a line with it find the Letter of the Year ; above the Letter find the Day : and the figures on the left, in the same line, are the days of the same name in the month.
Leap Years have two letters ; the first is used till the end of February, the second during the remainder of the year.
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ULSTER COUNTY.
ULSTER COUNTY. 1
THIN COUNTY was formed November 1, 1683, and in- cluded the country between the Hudson and Delaware Rivers, bounded on the south by a line running east and west through Murderer's Creek, and on the north by a similar line running through the mouth of Sawyer's Creek. In its charter it is said to " contain the towns of Kingston, Hurley and Marble- town, Foxhall and New Paltz and all villages, neighborhoods and Christian habitations on the west side of the Hudson River, from the Murderer's Creek near the Highlands to the Sawyer's Creek." It was named from the Irish title of the Duke of York. A part of Delaware County was taken off in 1797, a part of Greene in 1800, and Sullivan in 1809. A part was set off to Orange in 1798, and the town of Catskill was annexed from Albany County the same year. It lies on the west bank of the Hudson, is centrally distant 68 miles from Albany and contains 1204 square miles.
The surface generally is a hilly and mountainous upland. The Catskill Mountains occupy the north-west part, and the Shawangunk Mountains extend from the south-west nearly through the County, in a north-east direction. The mountain region is a spur of the Alleghany Range, and consists of irregu- lar ridges and isolated peaks, with rocky sides and summits, too steep and rough for cultivation. The summits are from 1,500 to 2,000 feet above the Hudson. The remaining parts of the County are generally broken and hilly. Esopus Creek flows in a tortuous course through the north part, and discharges its waters into the Hudson at Saugerties, receiving in its course Feveral tributaries, among which Plattekill and Sawkill are the principal, from the north. Rondout Creek enters the south- west part of the County and flows north-easterly along the west declivity of the Shawangunk Mountains, and enters the Hudson at Rondout. Its principal tributary is the Wallkill, which flows along the eastern base of the Shawangunk Mountains and enters the Roundout a few miles from its mouth. The remain- ing streams are small brooks and creeks.
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ULSTER COUNTY.
The rocks of the County are composed of the Portage and Chemung shales in the east part, and the Shawangunk grit or Oneida conglomerate in the west part. Drift deposits are found in nearly every part. In the section occupied by the Portage Group of rocks are found extensive outcrops of a thin bedded sandstone, with a slaty texture, which, under the name of Blue Stone, is extensively quarried and affords a fine quality of flagstones. It may be split into slabs of any size that can be conveniently handled, and from one to four inches in thickness. Hundreds of men are employed in the various quarries and in hauling the stone to Wilbur, the chief shipping point, whence it is carried to New York and other cities. Water limestone, or cement rock, is extensively quarried and manufactured at Rondout, Rosendale and other places. This rock is usually quarried on the hillsides, and the openings extend in galleries under the overlying rock for quite a distance. The rock out- crops in a belt running north-east and south-west, first appear- ing on the Hudson a few miles north of Kingston Point, and extending to Rochester, a distance of twenty to twenty-five miles, though it is lost from view at the surface in several places between these points. The cement manufactured from these quarries is of the best quality and is extensively used through- out the United States, in fortifications and other works requir- ing solidity. The Newark Lime and Cement Company have ex- tensive quarries and manufactories at Rondout. The first cement made in the County was about the time the Delaware and Hudson Canal was commenced ; it now gives employment to several thousand men in the County. Lead is found in small quantities. At an early period the Esopus grit was largely quarried and manufactured into millstones which were said to exceed those imported from Colen, in Europe, at the cost of £80 a pair, while the Esopus stones cost less than one-fourth of that sum.
The soil is generally a good quality of sandy and gravelly loam, interspersed with clay in some places. Most of the val- leys are covered with a rich deep alluvium. The land generally is better adapted to grazing than tillage. Dairying is exten- sively pursued, and spring grain is raised to some extent. Fruit growing is becoming an important branch of business. Leather and lumber are manufactured, though not to as great an extent as formerly. Brick are manufactured extensively at various points on the river.
The commerce carried on by the river is very extensive, the tonnage of Rondout being greater than that of any other town on the river above New York.
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1
ULSTER COUNTY.
The Delaware and Hudson Canal, extending through the County along the valley of Rondout Creek, and connecting the Dela- ware River with the Hudson at Rondout, was for a long time the only public work of importance in the County. This Com- pany was incorporated April 23, 1823, with a capital of 81,500,- 000, with the right to use $50,000 in banking until 1844. The credit of the State was loaned for $800,000 in stock bearing in- terest at four and a half or five per cent. The Canal was begun in July 1825, and opened for use in October 1828. The origi- nal cost of the New York section of the Canal was $1,424,994, and of the Pennsylvania section 8612,123. The Canal was originally constructed to afford a depth of four feet, and navi- gable for boats of thirty tons. In 1842 it was enlarged to ac- commodate boats of forty tons, and in 1851 it was further en- larged to accommodate boats of 120 tons. The amount of coal shipped on this Canal during the season of 1870, was 1,287,000 tous.
The Rondout and Oswego Railroad extends from Rondout,through the towns of Kingston, Hurley, Olive and Shandaken. About forty miles are in operation. The Wallkill Valley Railroad is a branch of the Erie; and extends through the towns of Shawan- gunk, Gardiner, New Paltz and Rosendale, to Kingston, where it connects with the Rondout and Oswego Railroad. The road bas for some months been in operation to New Paltz, while the track is already laid for several miles beyond, and the grading is nearly completed to Kingston. A branch of the New York and Oswego Midland Railroad, extending from Middletown, is already in operation to Ellenville. A continuation of the Ellenville Branch to Kingston is in contemplation. A continua- tion of the Wallkill Valley Road to Albany will accomplish a long desired public improvement and be in reality, to .a consid- erable extent, a " west shore" road from New York to Albany.
The County Seat is located at Kingston. The Court House is a fine stone edifice, situated on Wall Street; the Jail is a stone building in the rear of the Court House, and is well adapt- ed to the uses of the County. The Clerk's Office is a one- story fire-proof building on the corner of Main and Fair Streets. A Court House and Jail were erected soon after the incorporation of the County, and an appropriation was made for their repair July 21, 1715. These buildings were inade- quate, and an act of the Legislature, passed October 14, 1732, allowed them and the lot to be sold and new buildings to be erected. Repairs were authorized in 1745, 1750, 1765 and 1773, and inj1775 a further sum was granted to complete them. These buildings were burned by the British Oct. 16, 1777, and
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ULSTER COUNTY.
a lottery was granted six months after to raise £2,000 to rebuild them. In March 1778, an act was passed directing the Sheriff to compute mileage from the house of Mrs. Ann Dubois, an inn-keeper in New Paltz. The first court was organized in 1661, and Roeloff Swartwout was appointed Sheriff. The first county officers under the State Government were Levi Pawling, First Judge ; Egbert Drummond, Sheriff ; Joseph Gasherie, Surrogate.
The Poor House is located on a farm of 140 acres in the south part of the town of New Paltz. The expense of supporting the poor during the last year was about 812,000. The main build- ing is 120 feet in length and 25 in width. The apartments are clean, neat and well ventilated. Much of the labor about the house is performed by the inmates, the males finding agreeable work upon the farm. The insane are assigned to another build- ing where they have all the liberty consistent with a proper re- gard to their health and comfort. A school is taught during the time required by law. The number of paupers at the Poor House at the date of the last report to the Supervisors was 120: the cost of supporting them during the year, exclusive of the products of the farm, was $38.69 each. The property upon the . premises is valued at $7,000.
The Newspapers of the County consist of one Daily and eleven Weekly papers, most of the latter of large size and well sustained. The first newspaper published in the County was
The New York Journal and Advertiser, published by John Holt. It was removed from New York to Poughkeepsie in 1776, in consequence of the occupation of that city by the British. It was published at Kingston from July to October 1777.
The Farmer's Register was commenced at Kingston in 1792, by Nicholas Power and William Copp.
The Rising Sun was commenced at Kingston in 1793, by Wm. Copp and Samuel Freer.
The Ulster Gazette was commenced at Kingston in 1798, by Samuel S. and A. Freer.
The Plebeian was commenced at Kingston in November 1801, by Jesse Buell, who continued as editor until 1813. In 1827 the name was changed to
The Plebeian and Ulster County Advertiser. In 1833 the name was changed to
The Ulster Republican, and the paper was published by Alonzo L. Stewart until 1837, when it passed into the hands of Rodney A. Chipp. In 1849 it passed into the hands of Solomon S.
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67
ULSTER COUNTY.
Hommell, and was subsequently published for a short time by Hommell & Lounsbery, and then by Hommell, until his death, its name having previously been changed to
THE ARGUS. It was published by the estate of Mr. Hommell until 1864, when it was purchased by Mr. Henry G. Crouch, the present proprietor.
The Ulster Sentinel was published at Kingston from about 1826 to 1840, by Charles G. Dewitt.
The National Pioneer was published at Milton in 1830, by Daniel S. Tuthill.
The Ulster Star was commenced at Saugerties in Jan. 1833, by William Cully.
The Ulster County Whig was commenced at Rondout in 1835, by Wallace & Brown.
The Political Reformer was started at Kingston in 1837, by W. H. Romeyn. In 1839 or 1840 the name was changed to
The Kingston Democratic Journal. It is now published as
THE KINGSTON JOURNAL, by W. H. Romeyn & Son.
The Ulster Huguenot was commenced at Kingston in 1843, by J. Cully and T. F. Baldwin.
The Hickory Democrat was issued as a campaign paper in 1844.
The Ulster Palladium and Anti-Masonic Journal was com- menced at Saugerties in 1828, by Paul J. Fish and Calvin Frary. It was removed to Kingston in 1829 and the name changed to
The Ulster Palladium. It was discontinued in 1833.
The Ulster Democrat was commenced at Kingston in 1846, by A. A. Bensall. It subsequently passed into the hands of Parr Harlow. On the 12th of December 1870 it was combined with
THE ULSTER DAILY GAZETTE, published by John S. Baker. It was published by Baker & Harlow until Feb. 4, 1871, when Mr. Baker retired from the firm, leaving Parr Harlow the sole proprietor. The weekly edition of the paper since the union of the two is known as
THE ULSTER WEEKLY GAZETTE AND DEMOCRAT.
The Kingston Daily Chronicle was published in 1859.
The Ulster Telegraph was commenced at Saugerties in 1846, by Solomon S. Hommell. Its name was subsequently changed to
68
ULSTER COUNTY.
THE SAUGERTIES TELEGRAPH, and was published by R. B. Taylor for some time. The present publisher is G. W ... Elting.
The Rondout Freeman was published by Bradbury & Wells in 1845.
THE RONDOUT COURIER was commenced in 1848. It subsequently passed into the hands of J. P. Hageman, by whom it was published until April 1, 1868, when it passed into the hands of W. H. & J. C. Romeyn, the present proprietors.
THE RONDOUT FREEMAN was commenced in 1858 by Wm. Van Keuren. It was subsequently published by Van Keuren & Gildersleeve, and by Gildersleeve alone until 1865, when it pass- ed into the hands of Horatio Fowks, the present publisher.
The People's Press was commenced at Kingston in 1853, by Daniel Bradbury. In 1861 the name was changed to
THE KINGSTON PRESS, under which title it is still issued by the original proprietor.
THE ELLENVILLE JOURNAL was commenced June 29, 1849, by Robert Denton. At the close of the first year Mr. R. B. Taylor purchased a half interest and the paper was published by Denton & Taylor for about a year, when Mr. Taylor became sole proprietor and continued its publication until the spring of 1857, when it passed into the hands of S. M. Taylor, one of the pres- ent proprietors. In 1859 Oliver A. Campbell became the pub- lisher, and so continued until January 1861, when the establish- ment was repurchased by S. M. Taylor. In June 1868, Mr. A. V. Haight became a partner, and the business is now con- ducted by Taylor & Haight.
THE SOUTH ULSTER PRESS was commenced at Ellen- 1
ville, Sept. 2d, 1870, by T. E. Benedict & Brother, the present proprietors.
THE NEW PALTZ INDEPENDENT was started in Sep- tember 1868 by the New Paltz Independent Association. The paper is 28 by 43 inches in size and has a circulation of 1,100. Ralph LeFevre is the present editor and proprietor.
THE NEW PALTZ TIMES was established in 1860 by Chas. J. Ackert, the present proprietor. In 1862-3 Mr. A. was in the army, the name of his wife appearing as publisher, and his own as editor.
The first settlement of this County was made in 1614 by the Dutch, who erected a small block house, called the " Ronduit," on the present site of Rondout, but no settlers took up land in
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ULSTER COUNTY.
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the vicinity until 1652 and 1653. The first settlers were orig- inally residents of Rensselaerwyck, and came here to be free from the feudal pretensions of Patroons. This region was called by the Indians Atkankarten, but was commonly known to the set- tlers as Esopus. In 1655 the place was abandoned through fear of the Indians. The farmers soon returned to their new homes but were not exempt from attacks of savages, excited by strong drink which they had received from the white traders. In 1658, says O'Callaghan, " The white population consisted of between sixty and seventy Christians, the progress of whose tillage may be calculated from the fact that they had nearly a thousand schepels of grain in the ground when this outbreak occurred." Alarmed at the hostility of the Indians, the settlers wrote to the Director-general, imploring him to send forty or fifty sol- diers " to save the Esopus, which if well settled might supply the whole of New Netherland with provisions." General Stuy- vesant, accompanied by Govert Loockermans, proceeded with fifty soldiers to the seat of the disturbance. He invited the sachems of the neighborhood to meet him at the house of Jacob Jansen Stol. He advised the settlers to form a village which could be easily fortified and afford protection against the bar- barians. Though objections were made to this, they finally con- sented. A proposition was made to the Indians to purchase the Esopus lands, that the settlers might be undisturbed by their savage foes. After due deliberation the Indians returned reply to the General that they had come to ask him to accept as a free gift the land chosen for a settlement. They gave it " to grease his feet as he had undertaken so long and painful a journey to visit them." They declared that they had thrown away all malice and that hereafter none among them would injure a Dutchman. The Dutch reciprocated the like assurance. They commenced immediately to remove their houses to the site se- lected by Stuyvesant for their village, the present site of Kings- ton, erected a guard house sixteen feet by twenty-three, in the north-east corner of the village, built a bridge across the creek and erected temporary quarters for the soldiers. The Director- general then returned to the Manhattans, leaving as a guard twenty-four soldiers. The distrust between the Dutch and In- dians still continued.
On one occasion a party of drunken Indians had disturbed the settlers, upon which Jansen Stol, with half a dozen associ- ates, left the Fort and made an attack upon them while huddled together in sleep. A volley of musketry was discharged among them, several were wounded and one taken prisoner. Ensign Smith, in command of the Fort, commenced an investigation, but finding he had lost all control of the people, announced his E
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ULSTER COUNTY.
determination to return with his soldiers to the Manhattans. This caused additional excitement, and the next day the Ensign found his retreat cut off by the settlers, who had chartered all the boats lying at the shore and upon which he and his men intended to embark. Nothing therefore remained but to send an express to Fort Amsterdam to announce to the Director- general the actual state of affairs. With this view an armed party set out for the shore to forward the dispatches. On their return they fell into an ambuscade of Indians, and thirteen of their number were taken prisoners without firing a shot or offer- ing any resistance. The Indians then openly declared war, burnt all the houses, barns and corn stacks within reach, and made a vigorous attack upon the Fort. The siege continued for nearly three weeks with but trifling interruption, though but little im- pression was made upon it. Failing to accomplish their object, they turned their attention to their prisoners and put several of them to death in the most barbarous manner. When the news of the outbreak reached the Manhattans, the greatest excite- ment prevailed and efforts were made to raise a force to relieve the settlers at Esopus. For this purpose a draft was ordered, and on the following Sunday, with a force of one hundred drafted men, forty volunteers and about twenty-five English- men, General Stuyvesant set sail for Esopus, and on arriving learned that the Indians had raised the siege about thirty-six hours previous. As heavy rains had inundated the country, rendering pursuit inexpedient, he embarked soon after for his return. A renewal of the strife occurred in the spring of 1660, when the Indians were so severely punished that a treaty of peace was entered into. Said the Esopus chief, "The hatchet have we permitted to be taken from our hands and to be trod- den on the ground. We will never take it up again." One ar- ticle of the treaty declares that,
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