USA > New York > Washington County > Gazetteer and business directory of Washington County, N.Y. for 1871 > Part 9
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SUPERIOR PAINT-FOR BRICK HOUSES .- To lime whitewash, add for a fastener, sul- phate of zinc. and shade with any color you choose. as yellow ochre, Venetian red, etc. It outlasts oil paint.
WATER-PROOF BLACKING AND HARNESS POLISH .- Take two and a half ounces gom shellac and half a pint of alcohol. and set in a warm place until dissolved: then add two and a half ounces Venice turpentine to neutralize the alcohol : add a tablespoon- ful of lampblack. Apply with a fine sponge. It will give a good polish over oil or grease.
MOSQUITOS .-- To get rid of these tormen- tors, take a few hot coals on a shovel. or a chating dish, and burn upon them some brown sugar in your bed-rooms and parlors. and you effectually banish or destroy every mosquito for the night.
CHEAP OUTSIDE PAINT .- Take two parts (in bulk) of water lime ground fine, one part (in bulk) of white lead ground in oil. Mix them thoroughly, by adding best boiled lin- seed oil, enough to prepare it to pass through a paint mill, after which temper with oil till it can be applied with a common paint brush. Make any color to suit. It willlast three times as long as lead paint, and cost not one-fourth as much. IT is SUPERIOR.
CURE FOR A COUGH .- A strong decoction of the leaves of the pine, sweetened with loaf sugar. Take a wine-glass warm ou go- ing to bed, and half an hour before eating three times a day. The above is sold as a cough syrup, and is doing wonderful cures. and it is sold at a great profit to the mauu- facturers.
How to Judge a Horse.
A correspondent. contrary to old maxims, uwlertakes to judge the character of a horse by outward appearances, and offers the fol- lowing suggestions, the result of his close observation and long experience :
If the color be light sorrell, or chestnut. his feet. legs and. face white, these are ILarks of kindness. If he is broad and full between the eyes. he may be depended on as a hor-e of good sense, and capable of be- it. ; trained to anything.
As respects such horses, the more kindly you treat them the better you will be treat- en in return. Nor will a horse of this de- scription stand a whip. if well fed.
If you want a safe horse, avoid one that i- with-faced. He may be so far gentle as. not to wear : bet he will have too much go- ahead in him to be safe with everybody.
If you want a fool, but i horse of great bottom, get a deep bay, with not a white hair about him. Ifhis face is a little dish- et. so much the worse. Let ho man ride sich a horse that is not an adept in riding -. they are always tricky and unsafe.
If you want one that will never give out, never buy a large, overgrown one.
A black horse cannot stand heat, nor & white one cold.
If you want a gentle horse, get one with more or less white about the head; 1de more the better. Many persons suppose the parti-colored horses belonging to the circuses, shows, &c., are selected for their oddity. But the selections thus made are on account of their great docility and gen- tleness.
Measurement of Hay in the Mow or Stack .- It is often desirable, where conveniences for weighing are not at hand. to purchase and sell hay by measure. ment. It is evident that no fixed rule will an-wer in all cases, as it would regtire more cubic feet at the top of a mow than at the bottom. The general ride adopted by those who have tested it. is that a cube. each side of which shall measure right feet, of solid Timothy hay, as taken from now or bottom of stack will weigh a ton. The rule may be varied for upper part of mow or stack according to pressure.
62
TWENTY YEAR CALENDAR.
Almanac or Calendar for 20 Years.
CB
A
G
F
ED
CI 0
B
A
GF
E
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1813
D
C
BA
G
H
E
DC
F
E
D
1874187511 76 |1877
1878
1879
IS80 |1881
1882
1883
1 8 15 22 29;
Sun.
Sat.
Frid'y,
Thurs.
Wed.
Tues.
Mon.
2 9 16 23 30
Mon.
Sun.
Sat.
Frid'y.
Thurs.
Wed.
Tues.
3 10,17.2431
Tues.
Mon.
Sun.
Sat.
Frid'y.
Thurs.
Wed.
4 11 18.25
Wed.
Tues.
Mon.
Sun.
Sat.
Frid'y.
Thurs.
5.12.19 26:
Thurs.
Wed.
Tues.
Mon.
Sun.
Sat.
Frid'y.
6.13.2027.
Frid'y.
Thurs.
Wed.
Tues.
Mon.
Sun.
Sat.
7 14 21.28
Sat.
Frid'y.
Thurs.
Wed.
Tues.
Mon.
Sun.
Jan. and Oct.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
May.
B
C
D
E
F
G
A
August.
C
D
E
F
G
1
B
Feb., Mar., Nov.
D
E
F
G
A
B
C
June.
E
F
G
A
B
C
D
Sept. & Dee.
F
G
A
B
C
D
E
April & July.
G
A
B
C
D
E
F
EXPLANATION .- Find the Year and observe the Letter above it; then look for the Mouth, and in a line with it find the Letter of the Year; above the Letter find the Day ; and the figures on the left, in the same line, are the days of the same name in the month.
Leap Year- have two letters ; the first is used till the end of February, the second during the remainder of the year.
...
1
WASHINGTON COUNTY.
63
WASHINGTON COUNTY.
THIS COUNTY was formed from Albany as " Charlotte County." March 12, 1772. It originally embraced all that part of the State north of the present County of Saratoga and of a line extending from the mouth of Stony Creek, 510 chains cast ; thence south to the Batten Kil and along that stream to the south line of Princetown, and thence to "Cumberland County." Its west line was the present west line of Saratoga County continued to Canada, and its east line was the west line of "Cumberland " and "Gloucester" counties. These limits embraced the west half of Vermont, north of the Batten Kil, and the present counties of Warren, Essex, Clinton and a part of Franklin. The original name was in honor of Princess Charlotte, the oldest daughter of George III. Its name was changed April 2, 1784; Clinton County was taken off in 1688: the east part was ceded to Vermont in 1790, though the line Was not finally settled until 1812. A strip along its south border was annexed from Albany, February ?, 1691, and War- ren County was taken off in 1813. It lies on the cast border of the State, is centrally distant from Albany 45 miles and contains an area of $50 square miles.
The surface' consists of a series of ridges extending north- cist and south-west, with the intervening valleys. These ridges are divided into two distinct groups by the low land es- tending south from the southern extremity of Lake Champlain. The north group belongs to the Palmertown Mountain Range, and the south constitutes one of the connecting links between the highlands of southern New York and those of western Vermont. The south group is divided into three principal ranges which are all of the same general character. The most summerly of these ranges is the northerly continuation of the Taghkanick Range of Rensselaer County, and occupies the Ateater part of White Creek at the east part of Jackson. The telivities are usually steep and the summits broad, broken and ruchy. The second range, which is sometimes described as a
Before purchasing a Plano, Organ or other Musical Instrument, call on B. H. Mid'ey, 12 Mansion House fflock, Broadway, 'froy, N. F.
64
WASHINGTON COUNTY.
continuation of the Petersburgh Mountains of Rensselaer Co., constitutes the highlands of Cambridge, Jackson, Salem and the east part of Hebron and Granville. In Salem it spreads out like a fan between the streams. The third range comprises the highlands of Easton, Greenwich, Argyle, Hartford, Gran- ville, Hampton and the east part of Whitehall. It incloses Cossayuna Lake, and from this circumstance might properly be called the Cossayuna Range. The declivities of these ranges are usually steep and, except where broken by ledges, are arable to their summits. They gradually rise towards the east, reach- ing their culminating point near the east border of the County. The highest summits reach an elevation of from 1,000 to 1,200 feet above tide. These three ranges belong to one general group and are of the same geological formation. They are composed of slate rock, ledges of which crop out along their whole extent. Ledges of this stone are quarried in Hebron and Granville, and furnish stone much valued for roofing, building and ornamental purposes. Numerous veins of in- jected quartz, intersecting the slate strata in every direction, are found in these quarries. The veins vary from the thick- ness of paper to several inches. They often present cavities and surfaces beautifully studded with transparent crystals of quartz. The edges of the slate are sometimes bent and dis- torted by the quartz dikes, indicating the extreme heat and great force of the injected veins. The soil in this system of highlands consists chiefly of disintegrated slate, and is very fertile.
The second group of highlands, belonging to the Palmer- town Range, occupy the towns of Fort Ann, Dresden, Putnam and the east part of Whitehall. They belong to the primary formation, the rocks consisting chiefly of gneiss, granite, sand- stone and impure limestone. Their sides are very precipitous and broken, and their summits are wild irregular masses of naked barren rocks. The valleys between them are narrow and rocky, often bordered by precipices many hundred feet in hight. The soil is cold and not very productive, resembling that of most other regions of similar formation. A narrow valley extending south-west from the south extremity of South Bay, divides the group into two ranges. Saddle Mountain, overlooking South Bay, and 1,000 feet above tide, is the highest peak in the south range; and Black Mountain, 2,878 feet above tide, is the highest peak in the north range. Diameter Rock, on the north shore of South Bay, is 1,300 feet above tide.
The Hudson River forms the south half of the west border of the County. A rich flat, from half a mile to a mile in
usical Goods of all kinds, Wholesale and Retall, at B. FR. IZID- LEY'S, 12 Mansion House Block, Broadway, Troy, N. Y.
M
65
WASHINGTON COUNTY.
width, and bordered by a series of clay bluffs from twenty to sixty feet high, extends along its course. Most of the other streams of the County are tributaries of the Hudson, and among them are the Hoosick, Batten Kil, Moses and Fort Ed- ward Creeks, and many smaller streams. Wood Creek is a deep sluggish stream flowing into Lake Champlain and drain- ing the valley which extends from the lake to the Hudson. The soil along the valley is a hard, stiff clay. The Pawlet River, from Vermont, is a tributary of Wood Creek, and Poult- ney River, from the same State, empties into East Bay, near the head of the lake. There are several other important mill streams in the County. Lake Champlain, south of Ticon- deroga, is a narrow deep channel through a reedy marsh, bordered by rocky cliffs. Lake George lies along the north- west border of the County. There are several lakes in the interior among the hills, the principal of which is Cossayuna, in Argyle.
The people generally are engaged in agriculture. The prin- cipal grains raised are rye, wheat, oats, buckwheat and corn. Peas, beans, flax and potatoes are also extensively cultivated. Stock raising, dairying and wool growing are extensively pur- sued. There is some manufacturing along the Hudson and Batten Kil.
The County buildings are divided among several towns. The Courts are held alternately at Salem and Sandy Hill, and the County Clerk's Office is at Argyle. The Court House and Jail at Salem were removed and rebuilt during the year 1869, at an expense of about $35,000. They occupy a fine site at the head of the east street in the village, and are ample for all county purposes. A new County Clerk's Office was erected in 1869 in the town of Argyle. It is a substantial structure, built of brick and stone, with a roof covered with tin. It is two stories high, with three rooms on each floor, those in front being 25 by 30 feet, and the rear ones respectively 15 by 15 and 11 by 15 feet. The entire cost was about $7,000.
The County Poor House is located at Argyle. The average number of paupers supported during the last year was 148, at a total expense of $10,887.10. The average weekly expense of supporting each, exclusive of the use of the farm, was 81.26.
The first County officers under the State Government were William Duer, First Judge ; Ebenezer Clark, County Clerk ; John Thomas, Sheriff; Richard Hatfield, Surrogate.
The pincipal public works of the County are the Champlain Canal, extending along Wood Creek and Hudson River to Greenwich, where it crosses into Saratoga County; the Sara-
Id Instruments ofall kinds taken in exchange for New, at B3. El, Hid- ley's Music Store, 12 Mansion House Block, Broadway, Troy, N. Y.
66 -
WASHINGTON COUNTY.
toga & Whitehall R. R., extending through Fort Edward, Kingsbury, Fort Ann and Whitehall, with branches to Lake Station and Castleton, Vt., and one from Fort Edward to Glens Falls ; the Rutland and Washington R. R., extending from Eagle Bridge through White Creek, Cambridge, Jackson, Salem and Granville to Rutland, Vt .; and the Greenwich and Johnsonville R. R., which extends through the towns of Cam- bridge and Easton, and connects the village of Greenwich with the Troy & Boston R. R. at Johnsonville, Rensselaer Co. The latter road was constructed in 1870 and commenced business August 31st in that year. Its length is 14 miles. The summit level of the Canal is fed by the Glens Falls navigable feeder, extending from Fort Edward to the dam above Glens Falls.
The first newspaper published in the County was
The Times. It was commenced in 1788 at Salem, by Gerrish. In 1795 it was changed to
The Washington Patriot. From 1810 to 1818 it was pub- lished under the name of 1
The Northern Post. Dodd & Rumsey and Dodd & Stevenson were successively the publishers. About 1827 it appeared as
The County Post and North Star, and in 1840 as
The Washington County Post. It was subsequently pub- lished at North White Creek by R. K. Crocker.
The Washington Register was started at Salem in 1802 by John P. Reynolds, and continued several years.
The Salem Messenger was commenced about 1819.
The Salem Press was issued May 21, 1850, by W. B. Hark- ness.
The Whitehall Emporium was published from 1822 until about 1828.
The Whitehall Republican was published in 1832 by J. K. Averill.
THE WASHINGTON COUNTY CHRONICLE was started in June 1840. It was subsequently published by B. B. Smith, Clark & Morris, and Tefft & Welsh.
The Whitehall Democrat was started in 1845 and was sub- sequently published by H. Dudley and J. B. Wilkins. .
The Whitehall Telegraph (tri-weekly) was commenced in 1847 and continued a short time.
The Whitehuller was published by W. S. Southmaid in 1849.
*See Errata.
he acknowledged unequaled Steck Piano Fortes, to be found at B. 31. Midley's, 12 Mansion House Block, Broadway, Troy, N. Y.
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67
WASHINGTON COUNTY.
The American Sentinel was established in June 1855 by John E. Watkins.
The Sandy Hill Times was started about 1820 by A. Emmons. In 1824 it passed into the hands of James Wright and its name was changed to
THE SANDY HILL HERALD. In 1841 E. D. Baker be- came its publisher and continued to issue it until 1865 when it was purchased by Brown & Dwyer. In 1869 Mr. J. Dwyer be- came the sole proprietor and has continued to publish it till the present time.
The Sun was published at Sandy Hill in 1826 by A. Em- mons.
The Free Press was issued by the same publisher in 1832.
The Independent Politician was published at Sandy Hill in 1832 by C. J. Haynes & Co.
The Temperance Advocate was published at Sandy Hill the same year by S. P. Hines.
The Anti-Masonic Champion was started at Union Village in 1830 by L. Dewey, and published by him until 1835, when Wells & Lansing became the proprietors.
The Banner was published at Union Village in 1836 by Wells & Lansing.
The Union Village Courant was published in 1836 by Ormsby & Holmes.
The Union Village Democrat was started in 1839 by John W. Lawton, who was succeeded in 1841 by John C. Osborn. In 1842 Mr. Osborn was succeeded by Joseph Holmes, who changed the name to
The Democratic Champion, and continued it until 1846.
The Washington County Sentinel was published at Union Village in 1840. ,
The Union Village Journal was founded in 1843 by John W. Curtis.
The Champion was started at Union Village in 1843 by Joseph Holmes.
The Eagle was started by J. L. Cramer in 1845. In 1846 the name was changed to
The. Union Villaye Eagle, and published about two years by McCall & Bailey.
The Union Village Democratic Standard was published in 1810 hy Wm. A. McCall.
Before purchasing a Piano, Organ or other Musical Instrument, call on B. H. Hidley, 12 Jausion House Block, Broadway. Troy, N. Y.
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68
WASHINGTON COUNTY.
The Fort Edward Institute Monthly was started in 1856 by Wm. A. Holley.
THE WHITEHALL TIMES was started in 1860. The present publisher is Walter J. Donnelly.
The Public Ledger was started in 1854 by H. T. Blanchard at Fort Edward. He published the paper until 1861, when he sold to W. A. Holley, who published the paper two or three years, when it was changed to the
Local Observer, which was discontinued about a year after.
THE FORT EDWARD GAZETTE was started Nov. 10, 1866, by H. T. Blanchard, the present publisher.
THE PEOPLE'S JOURNAL was started at Greenwich in 1842 by John W. Curtis, who conducted it until January 1st, 1868, when H. C. Page, of the Era, of New York City, pur- chased and conducted it until June 1st, 1869. He then sold it to C. L. Allen, Jr., of Salem, who controlled and edited it until February 1st, 1870, when it was purchased by the present proprietors, E. P. & D. P. Thurston. Its politics have been Whig and Republican since its commencement.
The Washington Telegraph was started in Granville in 1847. It was a five column (four pages) paper, edited by Zabina Ellis. Athe end of five or six years it was sold to Marcellus Strong, and its name changed to
The Granville Telegraph. It was published as such five or six years, when it came into the hands of F. W. Cook, who changed its name to
The Granville Times and stopped its publication after a short time. In June 1859 the office was again opened and
The Granville Register started by C. M. Haven, as publisher, and A. S. Burdick, editor. At the end of the first year Mr. Burdick resigned his position, when Mr. Haven became its editor and continued as such until Sept. 1, 1861, at which time he sold it to J. A. Morris, of the Whitehall Chronicle, who con- tinued its publication till Dec. 1864, when, owing to hard times and the war, it was suspended. Two years later
The Granville News was started by W. & H. C. Morhous, who, after two years, discontinued it on account of poor health.
THE GRANVILLE REPORTER was started as a six column paper in Sept. 1860, by Geo. C. Newman and J. A. Morris, who, at the end of two months, enlarged it to seven columns, and after the next three months sold it to J. A. Mor- ris, the present editor and proprietor, who enlarged it to nine columns and continued it at that size till January 1, 18:0,
TVfusical Goods of all kinds, Wholesale and Retail, at B. H. HID- LEY'S 12 Mansion House -Block, Broadway, Troy, N. Y.
---- A
WASHINGTON COUNTY BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 69
THE NEW LIGHT!
A NEW FIRST CLASS COOKING STOVE! WITH A SHAKING AND DUMPING GRATE, A Hot-Air Draft, and a Large and Per- feetly Ventilated Oven.
The Reservoir is of Cast Iron, and is suspended over the fire: a Jacket of Russia Iron forms a Flue completely surrounding it. It heats water very rapidly -.
THE NEW LIGHT IS UNEQUALED AS A FUEL SAVING STOVE.
- BUSWELL, DURANT & CO., TROY. N. Y.
70 WASHINGTON COUNTY BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
EUREKA
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End.
AND RETAIL.
Copyright Sicured.
MADE TO "ORDER" & WARRANTED TO FIT. Collars, Cuffs, Undershirts & Drawers made to Order.
For Self Musharment, Burnished upon Application. Gents' Furnishing Goods in Great Variety.
71
WASHINGTON COUNTY.
when he enlarged it to eight pages of six columns each, making it by far the largest paper in the County.
The Indian trails and implements of Indian art discovered in the County upon its first settlement by the Whites, indicate that it had been inhabited, though few Indians were then found within its limits. The north portion of the County lying in the great natural channel of communication between Lake Champlain and Hudson River, became the highway of hostile parties passing between the Five Nations and Canada Indians, and at a later period the French and English alter- nately made use of it in dispatching their troops to and from Canada. There were three distinct routes, one from Fort Ed- ward down Wood Creek, with a portage of a few miles ; one from Fort Ann to the head of South Bay, and one from Glens Falls to the head of Lake George. The French made incur- sions upon the English and Five Nations in 1665, 1688 and in 1693, and attacks were made upon the French and Canada In- dians in 1691 and 1692. For several years small parties passed back and forward, causing considerable alarm among the early settlers. In 1709 Fort Ann was erected by the English and garrisoned for the protection of the northern frontier against the incursions of the French and Indians. Fort Nicholson, on the site of Fort Edward, was erected the same year but was soon after abandoned.
In June 1755 an expedition was sent out from Albany, against the French, who had erected a fort at Crown Point. The command was given to Gen. Wm. Johnson, afterwards known as Sir William Johnson. He sent forward about 600 men under General Lyman to erect a fort at the great carrying place on the Hudson, where Fort Nicholson formerly stood. The fort was erected and called Fort Lyman, in honor of the commander, but soon after it was changed to Fort Edward, in honor of Edward Duke of York, the brother of George the Third. General Johnson left Albany on the 10th of August, and having advanced to the head of Lake George, he learned that the French had already taken possession of Ticonderoga and erected a fort there ; thus was one object of the expedition de- feated at the start. About the first of September, Baron Dies- kan, with a force of 200 grenadiers, 800 Canadians and 300 militia, passed up South Bay with a view of falling upon the rear of the English and cutting off their supplies from Fort Edward. Gen. Johnson learning that the French were advanc- ing towards Fort Edward, sent out a force under Col. Williams to intercept them. Williams had proceeded but a few miles when he met the enemy marching towards Johnson's camp.
Id Instruments of all kinds taken in exchange for New, at B. H. Hild- ley's Music Store, 12 Mansion House Block, Broadway, Troy. N. Y.
K
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WASHINGTON COUNTY.
An engagement ensued in which Col. Williams was killed and also King Hendrick, the Mohawk chief, who commaded the Indians. Flushed with victory, the French made an attack upon the British camp which was protected by a log breast- work. The conflict was sharp and severe, lasting several hours, but resulted in the defeat of the French. General Johnson was wounded early in the action and the command devolved on General Lyman. Col. Blanchard, who commanded at Fort Edward, learning of the result of the first engagement, sent out a party of 300 militia to the scene of conflict. They sur- prised the French camp and hastened to the English camp where they rendered efficient service in the conflict. The loss of the French in this conflict was stated by Johnson to be from 300 to 400, and that of the English at 120 killed, 80 wounded and 62 missing. Baron Dieskau died from the effects of a wound received here. For some cause not known the English failed to follow up their success, no attempt being made upon the French posts upon Lake Champlain. The remainder of the season was spent in erecting Fort William Henry, at the head of Lake George, on the site of the English camp. Dur- ing the following winter a plan of attack upon Ticonderoga was arranged but was not carried out on account of the severity of the weather.
Early in the summer of 1757 Gen. Montcalm made extensive preparations to capture Fort William Henry. With a force of nearly 10,000 men, Montcalm proceeded up Lake George, and having landed, proceeded immediately to invest the Fort which was garrisoned by a force of 2,500 men, with Col. Munro in command. General Webb was at Fort Edward with a force of 4,000 regulars, and the militia were constantly collecting to increase the force. Col. Munro sent frequent messages for aid, but General Webb paid no attention to them until the ninth day of the siege when he allowed Gen. Johnson to march to his relief with a force of volunteers. They had gone only about three miles when Gen. Webb recalled them and sent a letter to Col. Munro advising him to make the best terms he could with Montcalm .. This letter was intercepted and sent by the French commander to Col. Munro. The last hope of aid was cut off and negotiations were entered into for the surrender of the Fort. By the terms of agreement entered into with Montcalm, the English troops were to be allowed to march out with all the honors of war, with their arms, baggage and baggage wagons, and be escorted to Fort Edward by a body of French troops. Scarcely had they passed beyond the walls of the Fort before the Indians commenced to plunder the baggage and soon after to murder, in the most cold blooded and cruel manner, the de-
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