USA > New York > Dutchess County > General history of Duchess County from 1609 to 1876, inclusive > Part 7
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During this period the Indian tribes along our borders showed symptoms of unrest, and several outbreaks occurred in
* In the "After General Orders," it was announced that " the execution of Major Andre is postponed till to-morrow." In the " Evening Orders" of the same date, it was announced +. Major Andre is to be executed to-morrow at 12 o'clock, precisely. A battal- jon of eighty files from each wing is to attend the execution."
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HISTORY OF DUCHESS COUNTY.
the frontier settlements. These Indian irruptions were just ly attributed to British emissaries, sent among them for that purpose. Still our government was loth to appeal to war, as the last resort to settle our difficulties and protect our interests, but was at last forced to admit that forbearance was no longer a virtue. On the first of June, 1812, Madison, in a message to Congress, reviewed the state of affairs at some length, intimating the necessity for war. The Committee of Foreign Relations reported a manifesto as the basis of a declaration of war ; and on the fourth of the month Mr. Calhoun presented a bill drawn by Mr. Pinckney for the purpose. The bill was considered by both houses, with closed doors, and was passed by both houses with fair majorities. On the 17th it was signed by the President, who on the 19th issued a proclamation, formally declaring war against Great Britain.
The effect of this war was severely felt by the people of DUCHESS. The depreciation of Continental money, the demoralizing effect of the war upon the country, and the disturbance of industrial pursuits were among the causes that bore heavily upon them. The differences of sentiment touch- ing the national questions then at issue, were sharply defined here. There was only a partial response to the call for volunteers, though there was no violent opposition to the measures of the government. Some volunteer companies were raised and equipped, and drafts made. Col. John Brush commanded the troops from DUCHESS County which were stationed at Harlem Heights.
The imperfect sanitary arrangements of the military service exhibited in that war, as well as the lack of moral enthusiasm among the soldiers, were in marked contrast with what was shown in our late terrible struggle, yet some important ends were attained in the War of 1812, which Mr. Lossing terms " The Second War for American Independence."
OFFICERS IN THE LATE REBELLION.
The ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH REGIMENT was organ-
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HISTORY OF DUCHESS COUNTY.
ized at Poughkeepsie, New York, to serve for three years .. The companies of which it was composed were raised in the County of Duchess. It was mustered into the service of the- United States October II, 1862. Mustered out of service June 8, 1865, in accordance with orders from the War De- partment, and the recruits transferred to the Sixteenth Regiment New York Volunteers. The following are the principal battles in which the Regiment was engaged: Gettysburgh, Lookout Mountain, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Dallas, Culp's Farm, Peach Tree Creek, Averysborough, Atlanta, Savannah, Raleigh. The record of the Regiment is a noble one, reflecting great honor upon the County that sent it forth. But a little more than one-third of those that went out with the regiment returned with it.
COLONELS .- John H. Ketcham, (Brevet Brig .- Gen. U. S. V.) commissioned Nov. 3, 1862, and resigned March 2, 1865. Alfred B. Smith, (Brevet Brig .- Gen. U. S. V.) commissioned April 12, 1865, mustered out with regiment June 8th, 1865.
LIEUTENANT COLONELS .- Charles G. Bartlett, commis- sioned Nov. 3, 1862, discharged October 27, 1864. Alfred B .. Smith, commissioned Nov. 30, 1864 ; promoted to Colonelcy April 12, 1865. Joseph H. Cogswell (Brevet Col. N. Y. V.) commissioned April 22, 1865 ; mustered out with regiment, June 8, 1865.
MAJORS .- Alfred B. Smith, commissioned Nov. 3, 1862, promoted to Lieut .- Col. Nov. 30, 1864. Joseph H. Cogswell, commissioned Nov. 30, 1864, promoted to Lieut .- Col. April 22, 1865. Henry A. Gildersleeve, (Brevet Lieut .- Col. U. S. V.) commissioned April 22, 1865, and mustered out with regiment.
ADJUTANTS .- William Thompson, commissioned Novem- ber 30, 1862, discharged Aug. 6, 1863. Stephen V. R. Cruger,. commissioned Sept. 30, 1863, promoted to Captain Nov. 21, 1864. William S. Van Keuren, commissioned Nov. 21, 1864,. promoted to Captain April 22, 1865; Cyrus S. Roberts, com :-
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HISTORY OF DUCHESS COUNTY.
missioned April 22, 1865, but not mustered. William H. Bartlett, commissioned Dec. 22, 1865, not mustered.
QUARTERMASTERS .- George H. Gaylord, Brevet Captain U. S. V.) commissioned Nov. 3, 1862, resigned March 9, 1863. Henry C. Smith (Brevet Captain N. Y. V. and U. S. V.), commissioned April 1863, and mustered out with regiment.
SURGEON .- Cornelius N. Campbell commissioned Nov. 3,- 1862, mustered out with regiment June 8, 1865.
ASSISTANT SURGEONS .- Stephen G. Cook, commissioned Nov. 3, 1862, resigned October 16, 1864; recommissioned. Henry Pearce, commissioned Nov. 3, 1862 ; resigned April 7,. 1864. Stephen G. Cook, commissioned Dec. 20, 1864,- declined. Alexander Hammill, commissioned Jan. 31, 1865, mustered out with regiment.
CHAPLAINS .- Thomas E. Vassar, commissioned Nov. 3, 1862, discharged August 6, 1863. E. O. Bartlett, com- missioned Nov. 30, 1863, mustered out with regiment.
CAPTAINS .- Joseph H. Cogswell, commissioned Nov. 3, 1862, promoted to Major Nov. 30, 1864, Robert C. Tripp, commissioned November 30th, 1864; mustered out with regiment. Robert McConnell, commissioned Nov. 3, 1862, resigned October 20, 1864. Stephen V. R. Cruger, (Brevet. Lieut .- Col. N. Y. V. and Major U. S. V.) commissioned Nov. 21, 1864, mustered out with regiment. Henry A .. Gildersleeve, commissioned Nov. 3, 1864, promoted to Major April 22, 1865. William S. Van Keuren, ( Brevet Major N. Y. V.) commissioned April 22, 1865, mustered out with regi- ment. William R. Woodin, (Brevet Lieut-Col. N. Y. V.) commissioned Nov. 3, 1862, mustered out with regiment. Andrus Brant, commissioned Nov. 3, 1862, resigned Dec. 18, 1863. Obed Wheeler, (Brevet Major N. Y. V.) com- missioned Jan. 18, 1864, mustered out with regiment. John L. Green, commissioned Nov. 3, 1862, mustered out with regiment. Edward A. Wicks, (Brevet Major U. S. V.) com- missioned Nov. 3, 1863 mustered out with regiment. Platt N. Thorn, (Brevet Lieut- Col. U. S. V.) commissioned Nov. 3.
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HISTORY OF DUCHESS COUNTY.
1862, mustered out with regiment ; Benj. S. Broas, com- missioned November 3, 1862 ; discharged Nov. 25, 1863. Richard Titus, (Brevet Major N. Y. V.) commissioned Dec. 7, 1863, mustered out with regiment. John S. Schofield, commis- sioned Nov. 3, 1862, mustered out with regiment, June 8th, 1865.
FIRST LIEUTENANTS .- Henry Gridley, commissioned Nov. 3, 1862, killed in action at Kulp's Farm, Ga., June 22, 1864. William Wattles, (Brevet Captain U. S. V.) commissioned Sept. 16, 1864, mustered out with regiment. Albert Johnson, commissioned Nov. 3, 1862, discharged May Ist, 1863. Benj. J. Hevenor, commissioned June 28, 1863, failed to muster. Robert C. Tripp, commissioned Dec. 7, 1863, promoted to Captain Nov. 20, 1864. Andrew J. Ostrom, commissioned Nov. 30, 1864, mustered out with regiment. Edgar P. Welling, commissioned Nov. 3, 1862, died Oct. 21, 1863, at Tulla- homa, Tenn. James P. Mabbett, commissioned Nov. 30, 1863, resigned October 4, 1864. Frank Mallory, commissioned Nov. 21, 1864, mustered out with regiment. Robert S. Mooney, commissioned Nov. 3, 1862, resigned Nov. 6, 1862. J. Curtis Smith, commissioned Nov. 30, 1864, mustered out with regiment. Henry J. Hick, commissioned Jan. 20, 1865, mustered out with regiment. Obed Wheeler, commissioned Nov. 3, 1862, promoted to Captain Jan. 18, 1864. Perry W. Chapman, (Brevet Major and Captain N. Y. V. (commissioned Jan. 18, 1864, mustered out with regiment.
SECOND LIEUTENANTS .- James P. Mabbett, commissioned Nov. 3, 1862, promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 30, 1863. Wil- liam Wattles, commissioned Nov. 30, 1864, promoted to First Lieut. Sept. 16, 1864. J. Curtiss Smith, commissioned Sept. 16, 1864, mustered out with regiment, June 8, 1865. William H. Bartlett, commissioned Nov. 30, 1864, mustered out with regiment. Robert C. Tripp, Jr., commissioned Nov. 3, 1862, promoted to First Lieut. Dec. 7, 1863. Andrew J. Ostrom, commissioned Dec. 7, 1863, promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 30, I864. Richard Germond, commissioned May 1865, not mus- tered. Rowland H. Marshall, commissioned Nov. 3, 1862,
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HISTORY OF DUCHESS COUNTY.
died September 13, 1863, at Georgetown, D. C. James B. Furey, commissioned Nov. 30, 1863, mustered out with regi- ment. Frank Mallory, commissioned Nov. 3, 1862, promoted to First Lieut. Nov. 21, 1864. Henry J. Hicks, commissioned Nov. 21, 1864, promoted to First Lieut. Jan. 20, 1865. Charles H. Smith, ( Brevet Major U. S. V.) commissioned May 17, 1865, mustered out with regiment. Charles P. Barlow, commissioned Jan. 18, 1864, mustered out with regiment. John D. Brown, commissioned Nov. 30, 1864, mustered out with regiment. John Sweet, commissioned Nov. 3, 1862, died August 13, 1863. Benj. T. Murfelt, (Brevet First Lieut. U. S. V.) commissioned Sept. 16, 1864, mustered out with regiment. Charles J. Gaylord, resigned March 18, 1863. Landon Ostrom, commissioned Sept. 16, 1864, mustered out with regiment. Benj. M. Van Keuren, commissioned April 22, 1865, not mustered. John McGill, mustered out with reg- iment, June 8th, 1865.
THE ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT was organized at Hudson, N. Y., to serve for three years. The companies of which it was composed were raised in the counties of Columbia and Duchess. It was mustered into service of the United States September 4, 1862. Mustered out of service July 12, 1865, in accordance with orders from the War Department. The principal engagements in which this regiment was engaged were those at Cedar Creek, Fishers Hill, Winchester, the siege of Port Hudson, and the Red River Campaign. We give below the officers of the regiment from this county : COLONEL,-James Smith, commissioned June 19, 1863, discharged June 7, 1864. LIEUT .- COLONEL,- Francis S. Keese, (Brevet Colonel N. Y. V.) commissioned Jan. 22, 1864, mustered out August 28, 1865. MAJOR, -- Robert F. Wilkinson, commissioned Jan 27, 1865, mustered out with regiment July 12, 1865. ADJUTANTS .- John P. Wilkinson, commissioned May 27, 1863, resigned Dec. 19, 1863 ; Ambrose B. Hart, commissioned Feb. 28, 1865.
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HISTORY OF DUCHESS COUNTY.
mustered out with regiment. QUARTERMASTERS .- Alexander Annan, commissioned Sept. 19, 1862, resigned July 29, 1863 ; Sylvester H. Mace, commissioned Oct. 7, 1863, mustered out with regiment.
ASSISTANT SURGEON .- C. H. Andrus, commissioned Sept. 10, 1862, promoted to Surgeon 176th N. Y. Volunteers, Aug. 14, 1864.
CHAPLAIN .- John Parker, resigned March 28, 1863.
CAPTAINS .- Jeremiah S. Pearce, commissioned Aug. 2, 1864, mustered out with regiment. Charles E. Bostwick, commissioned Sept. 10, 1852, promoted to Major Ninety-fifth U. S. C. T. May 23, 1863. Thomas N. Dutcher, commission- ed July 4, 1863, mustered out with regiment July 12, (865. George Parker, commissioned Sept. 10, 1862, promoted to Lieut .- Col. 90th U. S. C. T. August 30, 1863. Henry H. Sincerbox, commissioned Oct. 27, 1863, mustered out with regiment. Arthur De Wint, commissioned Sept. 10, 1862, resigned March 19, 1864. John J. Williamson, commissioned April 28, 1864, mustered out with regiment. John A. Van Keuren, commissioned Sept. 10, 1862, resigned February 14, 1864. Charles R. Anderson, commissioned March 26, 1864, mustered out with regiment. Frederick Wilkinson, CO ...- missioned June 21, 1864, mustered out with regiment, July [2, 1865.
FIRST LIEUTENANTS .- Ransom A. White, commissioned August 2, 1864, mustered out with regiment. Howard H. Morse, commissioned Sept. 18, 1862, resigned August 13, 1863. Spencer C. Doty, commissioned Jan. 1, 1863, resigned July 23, 1863. Jacob Armstrong, commissioned Feb. 28, 1865, mustered out with regiment. Charles Van Tine, com- missioned July 20, 1864, mustered out with regiment. Colum- bus L. Keyes, commissioned Nov. 30, 1863, mustered out with regiment. John I. Schouter, June 21, 1864, not mustered ; mustered out with regiment as sergeant Co. I.
SECOND LIEUTENANTS,-Henry Rothery, commissioned July 20, 1864, not mustered; mustered out with regiment as
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HISTORY OF DUCHESS COUNTY.
private in Company F. Benjamin T. Benson, commissioned Aug. 2, 1864, mustered out with regiment July 12, 1865.
A number from this county enlisted in the "People's Zouaves" (44th, N. Y.) in 1861. This was largely made up of students and professional men from all parts of the State, and during the war was frequently called upon to occupy posts of the greatest danger, it being considered as one of the most reliable regiments in the service. Recruits from this county joined other arms of the service, but we have not space to mention all here. Suffice it to say, no county in the State was represented on the bloody battle fields of the late rebellion by a nobler set of men than was OLD DUCHESS.
During the progress of the Rebellion, it became a favorite idea with the leading minds of the County of Duchess in mil- itary matters, that a regiment should be sent out composed of and officered by Duchess County men. Many of her citizens had already responded to the call of the nation ; but being widely distributed among the various arms of the service, and in different regiments, it was thought that Duchess could not be properly represented in this way. After a deal of effort the Governor finally gave his consent, and the idea took a tangible form in the 150th Regiment N. Y. S. V., with a camp located at Poughkeepsie. This regiment was made up of some of the noblest sons of Duchess,-the mechanic and student, the farmer and accountant, joining heart and hand, in the support of their country's flag. In due time this regiment was sent to the front, where it participated in some of the severest actions of the war. It was first engaged in the battle of Gettysburgh -a most terrible ordeal for a raw regiment-where it behaved with signal gallantry. In all the engagements in which it after- ward took a part, it upheld the honor of the section that sent it forth ; and it is said the regiment can boast of never having been broken by the enemy when in line of battle.
But at last the strong arm of the Rebellion was broken ; the two great armies which had been so long engaged in mor- tal combat laid down their arms, and peace once more reigned
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HISTORY OF DUCHESS COUNTY.
over the distracted country. The 150th, with her battle flags. torn and begrimed with the shot and smoke of the fight, took her place among the 200,000 veterans that marched in review before President Lincoln, on their return from the war.
The people of Duchess were impatient for the coming home of their soldier sons. Delay after delay still kept them absent, and not a few anathemas were vented against the powers that controlled their movements.
At last the day was appointed that the regiment was to return at Poughkeepsie. The day wore away, and no boat appeared ; evening came, and deepened into night, but still its coming was unheralded. The citizens retired to their homes, and the town was enveloped in quiet.
About midnight a solitary watchman descried the boat coming up the river. The signal was given from Kaal Rock, which awoke the city from her slumbers. The population turned out en masse, to welcome her defenders. Every dwel- ing and place of business on the principal streets was illumi- nated. The 150th embarked, and marched up Main Street between two closely packed files of men, women and children ; while the loud huzzas that rent the air made the scene one long to be remembered.
Let us not forget to bestow praise to others who repre- sented our County in the great Rebellion. Those of the gallant 128th, who so nobly faced the leaden shot at Fort Hudson, and confronted the enemy on other hotly contested grounds, are worthy a high place in our memories. All honor to the " Heroes of Duchess."
GENERAL HISTORY.
HE early inhabitants of DUCHESS came into this territory without any concert, each family purchasing land inde- pendently of the others, and without any previous arrangement for establishing civil or religious organiza- tions. In this they were unlike many of the early communities of New England, where the settlements were made under the direct supervision of a regular organization, both civil and religious. The former came together without any mutual purpose, except that of bettering their condition ; the latter set out at once with all the advantages accruing from a unity of purpose and a settled form of government. However, notwith- standing the diversity of their origin, these immigrants soon began to lay the foundation for their future welfare by setting up the institutions of the Christian religion, and by assiduously cultivating that love of freedom which has characterized the people of DUCHESS through all the trials of her early history.
DUCHESS County was organized Nov. Ist, 1683, and provisionally attached to Ulster because of its few inhabitants, provision being made for the freeholders in DUCHESS to give their votes in the County of Ulster the same as if they lived there. At the same time Orange County had some fifty
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HISTORY OF DUCHESS COUNTY.
families under the protection of New York County. In the year 1713 DUCHESS was considered competent to take care of herself, though containing less than five-hundred inhabitants, including women, children and blacks, and was then first represented in the General Assembly of the Province. The original act defines its boundaries as follows :
"The DUCHESS County, [The DUCHESS's County] to be from the bounds of the county of Westchester, on the south side of the Highlands, along the east side as far as Roeliff Jansen's Kill, [now Livingston's Creek, ] and east into the woods twenty miles."
DUCHESS County was not settled as early as Westchester, Orange, or Ulster Counties. It was covered with heavy timber, and was in many places swampy. Early settlers thought it unhealthy. None but the Dutch cared to venture on these grounds, and hence settled Fishkill.
. The first settlements were made by the Dutch, at Fishkill and afterwards at Rhinebeck, previous to 1690. A settlement was begun at Poughkeepsie about the year 1700. Along its river region, French Refuges, called Huguenots,* settled, and about the year 1741 New Englanders came into its castern borders. t A portion of the county was settled upon lease- holds, which here as elsewhere led to difficulty.
# The ITugnenots, or French Protestants, came from Europe, and were a part of the 50,000 prosecuted, who fled from France four years before the revocation of the Edict of Nantz. The cruelties they suffered in France are beyond anything else of the kind on record, and in no age was there such a violation of all that is sacred, either with relation to God or man ; and when we consider the exalted virtues of that glorious band of brothers we are amazed while we are delighted with their fortitude and courage. Rather than renounee their christian principles, they endured outrage shocking to humanity, persecu- tions of unheard of enormity, and death in all its horrors. To be a Huguenot was enongh to ensure condemnation. Whoever bore this name were arraigned for their lives, and on adhering to their profession were condemned by merciless judges to the flames. Some of the name and character were murdered in cold blood, and massacred without any legal forms of justice,
+ The following copy of a letter now (1860) in possession of T. Van Wyck Brinker- hoff, of East Fishkill, throws some light upon the early history of the County : " In the year 1823 I saw Isaac Upton, a coaster from Newport, who informed me that about 1760 he came up the North River, to Poughkeepsie, and in company with another person, went to Mabbitt's store, in Washington, on business. That, on their return, they took a circuitons route from Pleasant Valley, and passed the house of a German by the name of lloffman, who was then 118 years old. Ile supposed himself to be the first settler in Duchess County. When young he deserted from a Dutch ship of war in New York, squatted where he then lived, built him a shanty, and lived a mimber of years a solitary life without being able to find a white woman for a wife. Afterward he found a German family at Rhine - beck, married. and lived where he then was to that advanced age. I was informed that lie died two years atterward, at the age of 120. Signed. PAUL UPTON."
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HISTORY OF DUCHESS COUNTY.
JUNE 27th, 1776 .- For some months a mob has frequently assembled and ranged the eastern part of the manor of Rensselaer. Last week they appeared at Mr. Livingston's with some proposals to him: but he being from home, they returned to Mr. Rensselaer's son's, about two miles from Claverack, where, not finding him at home, they used some insulting words, and left a message for Mr. Rensselaer, that if he did not meet them next day at their rendezvous, they would come to him. On the 26th. the sheriff of Albany. with 150 men under his command, went to disperse the rioters, who were assembled it is supposed to the number of sixty in a house on the manor. On the sheriff's advancing to the house they fired upon him, and shot off his hat and wig, but he escaped unhurt-many shots were exchanged on both sides. Of the militia, Mr. Cornelius Tenbrook, of Claverack, was killed, and seven wounded. Of the rioters three were killed (two of them the ringleaders) and many wounded, among them was Capt. Noble (one of the chief instigators) in the back, The rioters retreated to Captain Noble's house, where they formed a breastwork. and did not quit the house till the sheriff's party left the place. He afterward went to Poughkeepsie to get assistance from the regulars to disperse the whole ; but the regulars were gone to Pendergraft's house, on Philipse Patent. in DUCHESS County.
We hear from Fredericksburgh,* in DUCHESS County, that on Saturday last, as a party of regulars stationed there, under the command of Major Brown. were crossing a bridge, they were met by about 30 of the rioters, who were going to join Pendergraft, their chief's party-a skirmish ensued, wherein two of the regulars were wounded, and it is supposed a much greater number of the rioters, who generally dismounted and fled to the cornfields and bushes, leaving some of their horses and guns, which were taken, and one prisoner. Several more were taken that night. The next evening they sent a flag of truce with 50 followers, who were all lodged in the meeting- house, and the next day several more parties came in. Pendergraft's wife was gone to persuade her husband to accept of the Governor's mercy, as were many more wives of the rioters. We hear of no lives lost. It was reported that 300 of the rioters lodged at Quaker Hill, intending to attack the regulars on the 13th ult .- [Letters from Claverack.
* Patterson Village, or the City, during the Revolution and previous thereto, says Blake in the History of Putnam County, was called Fredericksburgh. The village, until the Harlem Railroad was built, was located about one-half mile west of the railroad station.
HISTORY OF DUCHESS COUNTY.
Pendergraft was afterwards taken, tried before Judge Hors- mander for high treason, and sentenced to be executed, but was afterward pardoned. Fifty to sixty others were fined, imprisoned or pilloried. Soon after the sentence of Pender- graft, an advertisement appeared, offering a good reward to any one willing to assist as executioner, and promising disguise against recognition, and protection against insults .*
In 1689, the inhabitants of DUCHESS, like those of Ulster and Albany, took part against Leisler. This was during the period of civil commotion occasioned by the accession of William, Prince of Orange, to the throne of England, and which agitation extended to her colonies. Leisler had assumed the office of Governor, and the people of the above-mentioned counties refused subjection to him. Milbourne, a son-in-law of Leisler, proceeded to the disaffected territory with a con- siderable armed force, which had the effect of reducing the colonists to subjection.
For a time the progress of population was slow. In the year 1714, or thirty-one years after the organization of the county, it contained only sixty-seven freeholders, and an aggre- gate number of souls, including twenty-nine slaves, of 445. The following are the names of the freeholders, as they appear in the Dutch records :
Jacob Kip, Jacob Plough, Matieis Sleyt, Evert Van Wag- enen, William Ostrander, Lowrens Ostrout, Peter Palmater, Maylvell Pulmatier, William Tetsort, Hendrick Pells, Peter Vely, John Kipp, John De Grave, Leonard Lewis, Elena Van Der Bogart, Bartholomus Hogenboom, Baltus Van Kleek, Frans Le Roy, Barent Van Kleeck, John Ostrom, Hamen Rinders, Mindert Van Der Bogart, Johanes Van Kleck, Lenar Le Roy, Swart Van Wagenen, Henry Van Der Burgh, Elias Van Bunschoten, Thomas Sanders, Catrine Lasinck, Wedo, Peter Lasinck, -ey Scouten, Mellen Springstun, Johnes Terbets, John Beuys, Garratt Van Vleit, Abram Beuys, Wil- liam Outen, Andreis Daivedes, Frans De Langen, Aret Mas-
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