USA > New York > Jefferson County > Growth of a Century : as illustrated in the history of Jefferson County, New York, from 1793 to 1894 > Part 57
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I. A. GRAVES & Co., merchant millers, proprietors of Union Mills, established 1835. Office and mill, corner River and Mill streets ; feed store, 9 Arsenal street.
WILD ROSE STOCK FARM, Joseph Marrian, proprietor American Hotel.
HIRAM M. WILBUR, counselor-at-law, 37 Flower building.
THE STAR LAKE LUMBER CO., manufac- turers of hard and soft lumber; Flower building.
NEW YORK CLOTHING COMPANY, 7 Arsenal street.
W. H. VARY, Secretary Jefferson County Patrons Fire Relief Association, Flower building.
S. S TROWBRIDGE, attorney and counselor at law, Flower building.
DRS. GIFFORD & KELLOW; Flower build- ing.
JAMES BROWN, counselor at law ; 27 Flower building.
D. D. KIEFF, architect; 22 Flower build- ing
WATERTOWN PAVING COMPANY, manufac- turers of cement walks, ironite walks, curb- ing. Office 28 Flower building.
GEO. H. COBB, attorney at law; Recorder of city of Watertown; 26 Flower building.
HINDS & BOND, civil engineers and con- tractors, Flower building.
WILLIAM H. GILMAN, counselor at law, Flower building.
I. R. BREEN, counselor at law; 12 and 14 Flower building.
JOHN N. CARLISLE, attorney and counselor at law; Flower block.
FRED B. PITCHER, counselor at law ; 5 Flower building.
JAMES L. NEWTON, timber lands and lumber; 45 Flower block.
B. V. HUBBARD & Co., boots and shoes; 2 Flower building.
NORTHWESTERN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, of Milwaukee, Wis., O. S. Wil- cox, general agent, Flower building.
ORVIS J. BISHOP, general agent Security Mutual Life Association, Flower building.
L. G. CHASE, Post printing establishment; 35 Arsenal street.
F. P. KING & Co., dealers in custom and ready made clothing; Flower building.
NORMAN DAVIS, dealer in wines, liquors and cigars; 19 Court street.
H. F. FERRIN, proprietor Brookside Ceme- tery Marble and Granite Works; Court street, next to Kirby House.
HOWARD & ARTHUR, jobbers in stoves, ranges and furnaces; 46 Court street.
C. A. MARRIAN, dealer in tobaccos, cigars, smokers' articles and fishing tackle; 18 Arsenal street.
FRED FUESS, dealers in fine groceries, teas, coffees, sugars, spices, provisions, canned goods, fruits, etc. ; 38 Court street. Tele- phone No. 23.
C. B. BOWERS, (successor to Bowers & Smith), manufacturer and dealer in harness, trunks and traveling bags; 5 Court and 6 Arsenal streets.
L. R. MURRAY & SON, importers and deal. ers in china, crockery, glassware and lamp goods; 14 Court street.
BEARD & ALLEN, dealers in fine groceries, 5 Arsenal street
TAYLOR BROS., jobbers of boots, shoes and rubbers; dealers in hides, leather, wool and pelts, 34 Court street.
C. W. RIDER, dealer in ice, coal and wood; 3 Court street and 20 Mill street.
HARNESS EXCHANGE, Taylor & Benore, manufacturers and dealers in fine harness, horse clothing and furnishings; 29 Court street.
D. J. EAMES, manufacturers of and dealer in spring beds, mattresses, furniture, etc. 3 Flower block.
LYMAN COLE, dealer in parlor, library, dining room and chamber furniture; 64 and 66 Court street.
A. R. WILSON, art rooms; Public Square, over Conde's store.
MOFFETT & ALLEN, manufacturers of and dealers in harness and saddlery goods, horse clothing, trunks, bags, etc .; 28 Public Square.
MIDDLETON BUCK, manufacturers of and dealers in boots, shoes and rubbers; 17 Public Square.
DAVID LEMAY, baker and confectioner; 124 Court street
W. S. QUENCER, practical watchmaker and jeweler; 4 Arsenal street.
W. A. BOON, wholesale agent for the Kel- logg Oil, Paint and Varnish Co , Buffalo, N. Y. ; 86 Court street.
FINE ART GALLERY, M. P. Coughlin, photographer; copying. enlarging and crayon portraits; 1812 Public Square.
ALEX. ALLINGHAM, dealer in boots, shoes and rubbers; 7 Public Square.
ADAMS & Co., wholesale druggists, Wood- ruff House Drug Store; 13 Woodruff House block.
E. L. FOURNIER, Capital Clothing House; 8 Public Square.
CHARLES PARTELLO, dealer in general, shelf and builders' hardware, cutlery, tools, saws, files, etc .; 24 Public Square.
CHAS. H. TUBBS, hatter and furrier; dealer in trunks, traveling bags, etc .; 18 Public Square.
D. S. MILLER & Co., booksellers and stationers: 9 Woodruff House block.
W. H. Standley, dealers in boots, shoes, rubbers, etc ; 212 Iron block, up stairs.
DANIEL FRINK, undertaker; 212 Public Square.
JOHNSON & BUDLONG'S photographic studio; in the VanNamee block.
H BUTTERWORTH & SONS, manufacturing furriers; 3 Arsenal street.
262
THE GROWTH OF A CENTURY.
SCOTT BROTHERS, manufacturers and deal- ers in hats, caps, straw goods and gents' furnishings; 10 Court street.
G. H. COCHRANE, proprietor Syracuse Bakery; bakery, confectionery and ice cream; 23 Public Square.
HYDE, YOUNG & HYDE, successors to Sar- geant & Andrews; tinning, tinware, plumb- ing; 29 Public Square.
JAMES R. SMITH, parlor and chamber furniture; upholstering and repairing; 20 Public Square.
HENRY W. CLODWICK, dealer in wines and liquors, tobaccos and cigars ; 102 Court street.
J. W. EMPEY, furnishing undertaker; 25 Court street.
J. MAINS & Co., druggists; Court street, Romang block.
A. P. BALTZ, manufacturer and dealer in limburger and munchter cheese, groceries and provisions, 70 Court street.
H. A. MYRICK, cash grocery and meat market; 1 Moulton street.
WELDON & WELDON, flour, feed, baled lay and straw; 125 Court street.
ROBT. E. BRUNNER & Co., proprietors Garland City Laundry ; 4512 Mill street.
FREDERICK KLINE, steam dye house; 35 Factory street.
G. R. WHITNEY, groceries and provisions, cigars and tobaccos: 36 Moulton street.
WOOLWORTH & EDMONDS, fine groceries, fruits, meats, vegetables, cigars, tobacco and confectionery ; corner Main and LeRay streets
G. H SCHNEIDER, bakery and confection- ery ; 13 Coffeen street.
O. E. GAFFEY, sportsmen's goods; 2 Fac- tory street, York block.
C. I. HOLBROOK, grocerics, provisions, fruits, vegetables; 15 Pearl street.
J. W. HURD, groceries and provisions; 10 Pearl street.
E. F. GRAY, photographer, Smith Block, Public Square.
A. S. QUINT, loan broker and dealer in imported and domestic cigars; 35 Public Square.
MARCY, BUCK & RILEY, coal dealers.
B. R. BORTER, fine groceries and fruits ; 34 Streeter block.
W. H. SMITH, dealer in real estate; 6 Smith building.
J. W. NoTT, druggist, east side Public Square.
S. R. RYAN's wholesale liquor and beer bottling house; 30 Public Square.
M. HARBOTTLE & Co., dealers in Sterling and Amherst stoves and ranges, iron, tin and copper ware; 37 and 38 Public Square.
JAS. L. GREEN, dealer in imported and domestic wines, liquors, cigars and tobaccos; 7 Mill street, Streeter block.
COOPER LEWIS, Domestic Bakery; 8 Taggart block.
WANAMAKER & BROWN, the largest mer- chant tailoring establishment, Oak Hall, Philadelphia, Pa .; salesrooms, 16 Burdick block. Represented by Gifford Brown.
J. R. CLARK, dealer in groceries, pro- visions, teas, coffees and canned goods ; 3 Mill street.
LEWIS BROTHERS, dealer in fresh and salt meats, etc. ; 4 Commercial block.
GRANT & MOULD, wholesale and retail dealers in groceries and provisions, tea and coffee of all kinds a specialty; 5 Taggart block.
W. R. KEATING, wholesale and retail dealer in choice tobaccos, cigars, fine wines and liquors; 6 Commercial block, and 6 Franklin street.
W. W. COREY, dealer in groceries. pro- visions, teas, coffees, spices, butter, cheese, eggs; 44 Public Square.
H. J. ZULLER, finc groceries and pro- visions : 3 Commercial block.
W. M. WESTON, choice groceries; 2 Tag- gart block.
J. R. WILSON, dealer in choice beef, mut- ton, lamb, veal, pork, hams, corned beef, sausage, lard, fresh fish etc .; 1 Mill street, Wilson block.
CHAS. L. ADAMS, law office; Taggart block.
PFISTER & MORATH, sanitary plumbing, steam and gas fitting; 2 Smith building.
J. E. REESE, proprietor Elk-Horn mcat market; 5 Burdick block.
F. M. LAMON, merchant tailor, dealer in ready-made clothing and gents' furnishings; 7 Paddock building. Mr. Lamon is the third generation removed from Mr. Francis Lamon, one of the very oldest settlers upon Dry Hill (see p. 219).
E. B. VISSHER, proprietor of the Metro- politan Clothing Company, makers of fine custom clothing; 1 Hubbard.block.
T. S HEWKE, photographer, Hubbard block.
H. D. & W. B. PAYNE, surgeon dentists; American building.
J. S. BAIRD, art jeweler, fine imported wares, diamonds; No. 4 Paddock block.
OTIS & GOODALE, general insurance agents, 7 Paddock building.
W. D. JONES, interior decorator; second door Burdick block.
L. P. QUENCER, jeweler ; 66 Public Square. E. H. THOMPSON & Co., grocers; 70 and 71 Washington Hall.
C. C. HERRICK & Co., druggists; 3 Wash- ington Place.
HENRY D. GOODALE, real estate, insurance and loans; district agent Mutual Life Insur- ance Company of New York; 7 Paddock building.
I. A. TRAVER, ladics' and children's furnishings, fancy dry goods, notions, etc .; 8 Washington Place.
INGALLS BOOT AND SHOE CORPORATION, dealers in boots. shoes. rubbers, trunks and traveling bags; 22 Washington Hall block.
BAKER & FRASER, dealers in fine groceries and provisions; 8 Paddock Arcade.
T. C. CHITTENDEN, tobacco, cigars and snuffs, hunting and fishing tackle, guns, pistols, cartridges, powder, shot belts, pocket cutlery ; 5 Paddock Arcade.
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263
CITY OF WATERTOWN.
V. S. HUBBARD, wholesale and retail dealer in groceries and provisions; Hubbard block, south side Public Square, cor. Frank- lin street.
CHAS. E. PALMITER, diamonds, watches, jewelry and silver novelties; 73 Washington Hall block.
VIRGIL K. KELLOGG, district attorney ; 612 Washington Place.
BOHL & GAMBLE, grocers; 1 Burdick building.
J. WHEELER, dealer in staple and fancy groceries, teas and coffee as specialties ; 3 Bur- dick block.
MEYER'S STEAM LAUNDRY, office in con- nection with barber shop and baths; 6 Post Office Arcade.
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C. L. SCHUYLER, dealer in pianos, organs, etc .; Paddock Arcade.
GEO. P. BRETCH, dealer in paper hangings, mouldings and stationery; 4 Paddock Ar- cade.
W. D. HANCHETTE, division superintendent Central New York Telephone and Telegraph Co., 11 Paddock Arcade.
E. M. LARUE, proprietor Arcade restau- rant
GEO. D. TREADWELL, proprietor Arcade news room; 7 Paddock Arcade.
W. G. MOTHERSELL, Old Post Office Drug Store: 9 Arcade.
DE LANCEY B. ARMSTRONG, D. D.S ; 21 Paddock Arcade.
BARTLETT & LINNEY, groceries and pro- visions, baled hay and straw; Factory Square.
BERGEVIN, CARPENTER & Co., dry goods, groceries, fine shoes, fresh meat and fish; Factory Square.
STATE STREET MEAT MARKET, J. A. Reese, proprietor.
YORK & SON, contractors and builders; 2 Factory street.
LEVY RUBIN, watches, diamonds and jewelry; 7 Washington street.
SPONENBERG WADDINGHAM, general hardware; 12 Washington street.
PADDOCK, CAHILL & NIMOCKS. the Arcade Drug Store, prescription druggists; 2 Wash- ington street.
BILYEA & KINGSLEY, managers U. T. K. Clothing Store, clothing and furnishings re- tailed at wholesale prices; 10 Washington street.
H. M. REESE, proprietor Union Meat Mar- ket; 82 Factory Square.
THE SLOAT & GREENLEAF LUMBER CO., mill and factory, 11, 13 and 15 Front street.
TAYLOR & KIRBY, fancy and staple gro- ceries; 44 Mill street.
F. D. MEADER, groceries, provisions and drugs; 4912 Stone street.
GEO. M. HUNGERFORD, upholstering, finish- ing and repairing of furniture; rear No. 11 Jay street.
THOS. F. KEARNS, counselor at law; 1012 Washington street.
CHAS. D. WRIGHT, attorney at law; 1012 Washington street.
HOMER H. RICE, drugs and medicines, chemicals; 8 Washington street.
C. P. ENGLEHART, wholesale and retail dealer in cements; 10 and 12 Factory street.
C. G. KEENAN, dry goods, dress goods, patent medicines, groceries, provisions, teas, coffees, etc. ; corner Main and Mill streets.
Though not managing a business for him- self, Mr. Smith T. Woolworth, cashier of the Jefferson County National Bank, is an im- portant factor in the business of Watertown. He is a native of Lewis county, and was born in 1849. His parents, Gilbert E. and Eliza- beth (Smith) Woolworth, were representatives of old families of this section of the State. Mr. Woolworth began his banking experience as a clerk in the Exchange Bank, of Car- thage, and came to Watertown in 1865, where he has since resided. He was connected with several firms as book-keeper and teller. In 1870 he entered the Jefferson County Bank, and since 1871 has served as cashier and teller. Mr. Woolworth is treasurer of the Central Park Association on the St. Law- rence, and is a director of the Electric Light Company of Watertown. He is a courteous, kindly gentleman, deservedly popular with business men.
Two OLD HOTELS .- On page 186 will be found enumerated all the hotels of Water- town, large and small. There are two hotels, however, which stand as landmarks, and have been so long and favorably known as to be- long to the history of the county. We notice them for that reason, and not because the proprietors have requested us to give them unusual publicity.
Foremost in age of these two is the Oakland House, at the west end of Court street, and it is an interesting locality. It is kept by the Van Wormer Bros., and is by far the oldest hotel in Watertown, probably the oldest in the county. From it was issued one of the earliest newspapers, its proprietor, Jairus Rich, being also an editor. He is remembered as being the man who killed the panther on Indian Bluff, below Theresa, and was the father of Captain Henry D. Rich, of the 35th N. Y. Volunteer Infantry, a well-known citizen. The house is well kept, and is a favorite resort. Its antiquity is unquestioned. The author left newspapers there 62 years ago.
Though far more modern, the Crowner House, on Court street, is a well-known and always popular public house. The Wilder Brothers are proprietors, and give personal attention to the business. By its doors must necessarily pass all the teams that come to the city over the lower bridge. Its character as a good, moderate-priced hotel has been well established for so long a time that its patronage has increased from year to year. Under its present management it is better than ever.
Both of these older hotels are reasonable in their prices, and that calls to them the great mass of men of moderate means who enjoy a good meal as much as those who pay much higher prices, and yet get nothing better.
264
THE GROWTH OF A CENTURY.
SOME PROMINENT LAWYERS.
JOSEPH MULLIN was born in Ireland in Sep- tember, 1811, and came to this country with his parents when very young, and resided in Brownville, where he attended the common school for a while. He worked in a printing office a short time, setting type, with a view of becoming a printer; but the desire for a higher education prevailed. With the assistance of friends he went to the Union Academy at Belle- ville, where he prepared for college. He en- tered the junior class in 1831, and graduated in 1833. He then taught the academy in Belle- ville and afterward in Watertown a few years, and studied law in the office of Sterling & Bronson, and was admitted in 1837. At this time Sterling was in the State Senate. and Bron- son in Congress. The whole business of the office fell to the charge of Mr. Mullin, the duties of which he discharged with ability. He at once took a prominent position at the bar, the peer of the older member. He was afterwards a member of Congress, and was twice elected to be a judge of the Supreme Court of the State. Previous to that he had also been district attorney. He was an able lawyer, and an honest judge. He died in June, 1882, at Saratoga.
Robert Lansing was a son of Sanders and Catharine Lansing, and was born at Albany, February 2, 1799. He was a member of Union College, but did not graduate. In 1817 he came to Watertown and entered the law office of Egbert Ten Eyck, and was admitted in 1820. In June, 1826, he was appointed district attorney for the county of Jefferson, which office he held until February, 1833, when he was succeeded by George C. Sherman. He was elected to the State senate in November, 1831, and held that office four years from Jan- uary 1, 1832. He was then succeeded by Micah Sterling. Mr. Lansing was again elected to the State senate, being the immediate suc- cessor of Ashley Davenport. On December 22, 1831, he married Maria Hubbard, the eldest daughter of Noabiah Hubbard of Champion. She died in the year 1839, leaving one child surviving, now so well known in the profession as John Lansing. On February 2, 1841, he married Cornelia Hubbard, the second daugh- ter of Noadiah Hubbard. Soon after the ex- piration of his senatorial term he formed a copartnership with George C Sherman, under the name of Lansing & Sherman. In Febru- ary, 1845, he was again appointed district at- torney and held the office for one year, when he resigned. In June, 1847, he was elected county judge under the constitution of 1846, which office he held until January 1, 1852. At the expiration of this office he practically re- tired from the profession, except to act as ref- eree, which for many years afterwards he was called upon to do. He died October 3, 1878, aged nearly 80 years. He was thoroughly im- bued with the principles of the law, unosten- tation of his great legal learning, and of scru- pulous integrity.
Charles E. Clarke was a native of Saybrook,
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Conn., a graduate of Yale College, studied law in Greene county, came to Jefferson county and was admitted as an attorney in 1815, and resided in Watertown. He at once took a prominent position at the bar. In 1825 his brother, John Clarke, having studied in his office, was admitted, and soon thereafter the two brothers formed a copartnership under the name of C. E. & J. Clarke, and continued until about the year 1848. About 1830, or later, he purchased a grist-mill, saw-mill, and distillery at the Great Bend, most, if not all, of which was formerly owned by Angel Potter. His time thereafter was mostly spent there, except during the terms of the courts, when he came to and assisted his brother in the pre- paration and trial of causes. He took the leading part until after 1848, and in important cases until the year 1850. He was elected to the Assembly in 1839 and 1840, and in 1848 was elected to Congress. The various attainments of Mr. Clarke, his wit, humor, and eloquence, have left an impression upon the judicial history of this country which will long remain. He was a genius, and taking him all in all he never had his equal in this county, if he had in the State. He died in 1863 at the age of 74 years. His learning was thorough his many abilities were of the highest, his manner inin- itable, his command of language something remarkable.
Bernard Bagley was born in Durham, Greene county, N. Y., November 5, 1791. He came to Jefferson county in 1812, first settling in the town of Antwerp, teaching schools and tak- ing contracts for building roads. He is re- puted to have held the office of constable in that town, in which his inclination to the legal profession was first developed. He came to Watertown in 1815 or 1816, and entered the law office of Charles E. Clarke as a law student. It is said that for years he was constantly en- gaged in the trial of cases in justice's court, where his instinctive knowledge of human na- ture and shrewd management gained him a great reputation throughout the county. In 1823 or 1824 he married a Mrs. Wright, a young widow, the mother of Charles D. Wright, late judge, and now living in Watertown. He was admitted in 1826, and the records of the next term of the court show that he entered at once into an extensive practice, having some- times as many as sixty cases on the calendar. Mr. Bagley continued to practice as long as his health permitted. He died June 26, 1878.
Isaac H. Bronson was born in Rutland, the son of Ethel Bronson, and studied law in the office of Micah Sterling. Soon after his ad- mission, in 1833, he formed a copartnership with Mr. Sterling, and this firm of Sterling & Bronson was famous throughout the country. He was a very able lawyer, and down to 1836 they were the leading law firm in this part of the State. But in 1830 Micah Sterling was elected to the State senate, and Mr. Bronson to Congress, which broke up the firm, and, to a great extent, their business.
265
CITY OF WATERTOWN.
HON. GEORGE C. SHERMAN.
THERE have been many instances in Jeffer- son county where young men who had but poor encouragement at the beginning of their career, have since, by force of character and in- dividual exertion, risen to the highest position among their fellows. Some of them have founded families that live after them, enjoy - ing the fruits of their early endeavors. Fore- most among all of them is the one named above, who came to Watertown a poor boy, and the town itself was "poor" then, but he left a name that is to-day and every day heard upon the streets of the city his genius and business thrift helped to develop.
George C. Sherman was born at Provi- dence, R. I., December 14, 1799 His first permanent work when he came to Water town, about 1815, was for David W. Buck- lin, then a distinguished lawyer, and as the young man displayed unusual ability, Mr. Bucklin received him into his office as a law student. In 1823 he was licensed to practice law, and soon thereafter a partnership was arranged with Mr. Bucklin, which continued until the latter removed from the county. On January 3, 1828, he married Mary Ann Hubbard, the third daughter of Noadiah Hubbard, of Champion, a noted pioneer of the Black River country ; she now survives him. The children were: Frances A , Mary H., Geo. H., Robert L., Chas. A., Sarah M.
In 1833 he was appointed district attorney, and he held that important office until 1840. His practice increased rapidly through all these years, and he rose by sheer ability to be one of the leading lawyers of a period peculiarly rich in able advocates and jurists. The two Clarks, Sterling, Bronson, Bagley, TenEyck, Lansing, Chittenden and others nearly as able, were his contemporaries, and amid such he kept easily in the advance.
In 1843 he was appointed one of the judges of the old Court of Common Pleas, which office he held until 1847, when the constitu- tion then lately adopted abolished that well- remembered legal organization. He was elected to the State Senate in 1843, and served out his full term, but declined a re- nomination. He was an early purchaser of land, buying a large tract in the northwestern part of the county, paying $3 per acre in the lump and selling it in small parcels at $8. He did not deal largely in village properties, though at one time he owned nearly the whole of Beebee's Island, a property which was much neglected for many years after Beebee's factory was destroyed. He also built the family mansion on Clinton street, and the large bank building.
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The Hon. Robert Lansing was his brother- in-law, and they became partners in practic- ing law-forming one of the strongest legal combinations of that day, and doing by far the largest business of any law firm in this part of the State. It was while a member of this firm that the great banking house of Prime, Ward & King, of New York city, went down, entailing a heavy loss upon the
Jefferson County Bank, in which Mr. Sher- man was a director, and he had long been its counsel. There was then a law upon the statue book, known as the " Stillwell Act, "by which any judgment creditor could bring an insolvent into open court and compel him, under oath, to tell all about his property, financial condition, etc. Under this strange law (which appears to have violated every previous English precedent, in compelling a man to divulge to the public all his private affairs, even to an open confession of guilt), one of this firm of bankers was brought be- fore a New York city judge, and Mr. Sher- man was there to examine him. This was perhaps the first time he had had a chance to measure himself with his peers in the ablest and highest court of the State. Here, as else- where, he showed the great legal ability that was within him, and astonished the city law- yers by his knowledge of the law and his ability in applying that law to his case. The fallen financier was only too glad to escape from Mr. Sherman's merciless questions by a partial restitution to the bank.
But success at the bar did not altogether satisfy his restless ambition. He understood the power of money, and the sure accretion that came from its judicious investment. In 1838 he organized the Watertown Bank and Loan Company, and kept it in active oper- ation until about 1848, when he practically abandoned legal practice to younger men, and thenceforth gave the bank his whole atten- tion, and so continued until his death, April 23, 1863. He left a large fortune, equally divided among his wife and five children.
Mr. Sherman was an unique character. The writer, who was a student in his office for three years, knew him well, so far as a young man can understand one so much his superior in age and experience. He was quite a love- able man, full of wit and humor, and running over with anecdote and relation of personal experiences. All his students loved, admired and revered him. He was eminently demo- cratic; easily approached by the humble, and only laughed at aristocratic pretension in another. He was of a peculiarly affectionate disposition; his heart was always easily reached, a tear never far away when his sympathetic mind grasped any tale of sorrow, and his thoughts travelled quickly towards some scheme of relief. Though a man of wealth, and in daily contact with the highest and best of his contemporaries, he never for- got his humble birth, and the writer has seen the quick tear of sympathy come into his eyes as he told of his early struggles, his earnest efforts, and of his triumphs as well.
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