USA > New York > Rensselaer County > Lansingburgh > History of Lansingburgh, N.Y., from the year 1670 to 1877 > Part 3
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23
HISTORY OF LANSINGBURGH.
poverishing depreciation of the value of its assets, was on the 19th of March, 1877, compelled to discontinue its business relations with the public. Its last officers were : Horace W. Day, President ; Leonard J. Abbott, Vice President ; Alexander Walsh, Cashier ; E. H. Leonard, Teller ; Wm. C. Groesbeck, Book-keeper. Directors, Edward H. Leonard, Whitman Joslin, Joseph Lawton, Leonard J. Abbott, Francis Pruyn, Horace W. Day, and William V. V. Rey- nolds. During its long career of usefulness, a period of 64 years, the bank has had seven Presidents, five Vice Presidents, three Cash- iers, ten Tellers and nine Book-keepers.
The Lansingburgh Academy was chartered February 8, 1796. The school building was erected about midway between Hoosick and Lansing streets, west of the alley, and fronting toward the Green. In the year 1804, Rev. Samuel Blatchford, having accepted the pastorate of the United Presbyterian Churches of Lansingburgh and Waterford, was also elected to the position of Principal of the Academy. Under his judicious management, the institution was raised to a high plane of usefulness. The Trustees of the Academy, May 23, 1820, purchased from the Baptist Society, lots 25 and 26, on the north-west corner of John and North streets, where the pre- sent commodious school building was erected. The Academy, in its long career of usefulness has been of much local benefit to the place, through the wise management of its different officers. Its present efficient Principal is C. T. R. Smith. Rev. A. M. Beveridge is President, and Horace W. Day, Secretary and Treasurer of the institution.
Hiram Lodge having ceased to exist, a new masonic organization succeeded it. In September, 1822, a dispensation was granted to Benjamin Horr, W. M .; Chauncey Ives, S. W .; Nathan Morey, J. W .; and on the 26th of that month the first meeting was held. The warrant of Phoenix Lodge of F. A. M., No. 361, was dated June 23, 1823. The first election occurred on the IIth of December, 1823, and the following persons were elected officers: B. W. Horr, W. M .; Chauncey Ives, S. W .; Nathan Morey, J.W .; Worcester Brookins, Treasurer ; S. H. Mulford, Secretary; Alvan Hawley, S. D .; Ephraim Goss, J. D .; Edwin Filley and E. Ryan, Stewards, and Chauncey Ives, 2d, Tyler. The bitter feeling manifested in politics against the masonic bodies in the United States, led the members of Phoenix Lodge, on the 6th of January, 1836, to surrender their charter, but two years after, the Grand Master was petitioned, and the Lodge
24
HISTORY OF LANSINGBURGH.
re-organized. On the 7th of June, 1839, the new number 58 was given to the Lodge, and on the 14th of the same month, the first meeting was held.
The completion of the State Dam and sloop lock was thus re- ferred to in a newspaper respecting that event : "On Wednesday, (Sept. 10th, 1823) the great lock just above the city (Troy) was opened for the passage of sloops. The ceremonies, arranged for the occasion by a committee from Lansingburgh and Waterford, commenced at about 10 o'clock, A, M., according to appointment. A little after nine, the steamboat Fire-Fly from Albany, with a large party of ladies and gentlemen on board, was seen stemming the current past Troy, and making her way toward the scene of opera- tions. Two uniformed companies of militia from Lansingburgh and Waterford were drawn up on the side of the lock, and a little past 10, the first sloop, the Royal Oak passed through, on board of which were Canal Commissioners Clinton and Young, the late Chancellor of the State, a number of Senators, and the Rev. Clergy- men of Lansingburgh and Waterford. As the sloop passed out of the lock, the martial music played a salute, which was seconded by a piece of artillery stationed on shore, and by the shouts of a large concourse of people. Two more sloops followed, succeeded by the Fire-fly."
In the Gazetteer of the State of New York, edited by Horatio Gates Spafford, LL. D., 1824, the following particulars appear re- garding the village of Lansingburgh: "It is regularly laid out in blocks or oblong squares, 400 by 260 feet, bounded by capacious streets in right lines, and is two miles long and a half mile wide. There is a bank with a capital of $220,000, and a handsome bank- ing house; 5 churches; a flourishing academy, occupying two academical buildings, with about 200 students. The whole number of houses and stores, including the public buildings, 330; popula- tion of the village, 1,650. Upwards of 8,000 beeves were slaugh- tered and packed here during the last year, and it is acknowledged that as a pork market this town does more business than any other on the Hudson, north of the city of New York. There are two ex- tensive breweries, which sold 6,000 barrels of ale last year. There " are large tanneries also, and nail works, and a brush manufactory,1 that produces about 8 to 12,000 dollars a year. It has a very res-
I The Brushmaking business was begun by William McMurray, in the upper part of the village, opposite the store of S. J. Penniman, in October, 1818.
25
HISTORY OF LANSINGBURGH.
pectable printing establishment, a weekly newspaper1 and some book stores. I suppose I must also mention Batestown, half-way between Troy and Lansingburgh, for it has a tavern,2 and, if I mis- take not, a few shops."
The first number of the Rensselaer County Gazette was issued on Tuesday, May 2, 1826. It succeeded the Lansingburgh Gazette, and was published by J. C. and J. Young.
The first Universalist Society was formed on the 15th of Decem- ber, 1832, at the house of G. F. Holmes. The Trustees, Reuben Field, John M. Caswell, Aaron Learned and Christopher Van Pelt, on May 13, 1834, leased lots 143 and 144, in the first division of the village, on the south-west corner of John and North streets, where- on was erected a small wooden building. The association however did not prosper, and the property finally passed to the ownership of St. John's Roman Catholic Church.
This latter congregation was organized about 1841, by Revs. Hogan, Coyle and other visiting priests. On June 5th, 1842, Keat- ing Rawson, John Higgins, James B. Smith, James Halligan, George T. Gillespie, Barnet Evers, John Dooley, John Driscoll and Daniel Murray were elected Trustees. The church was dedicated in 1844, by the Right Rev. John McCloskey, D. D. St. Augustine's Church was erected in 1864, on lot 139, on the east side of John street, between Market and Elizabeth streets, at a cost of $40,000. This church was dedicated on the 6th of May, 1866, by the Right Rev. J. J. Conroy, D. D., Bishop of Albany. The first officiating priest was the Very Rev. Thomas Galberry, O. S. A.
For the "gratuitous education and instruction of poor children," the St. Augustine Free Institute of Lansingburgh was established. The incorporators of the school, as they appear in the instrument dated Dec. 13, 1869, were Rev. Thomas Galberry, Michael J. Col- lins, Edward A. Dailey, Mary Sullivan and Ellen Wood. A suita- ble school building, large and well furnished, replaced the old struc- ture on the corner of John and North streets, which at present is known as St. Augustine's Free Institute. It is in charge of the Sisters of St. Joseph, Mother Camillus, Superioress.
A Second Presbyterian Church was organized on the 24th of June, 1835, under the name of the First Free Presbyterian Society of Lansingburgh. At a meeting for this purpose held at the house
I The Lansingburgh Gazette, Tracy & Bliss, proprietors.
2 Bull's Head, kept by William Bates.
4
26
HISTORY OF LANSINGBURGH.
of Nathan Stratton, William Van Vleck, Jonathan Wickware, Na- than Stratton, Lemuel Kennedy, William McMurray and Chauncey Ives were chosen trustees of the new body. Shortly afterward, this congregation erected a brick church on the east side of John street, between Richard and Elizabeth streets, which is at present occupied by the John street Baptist congregation. Rev. Samuel P. Spear was the first pastor of the church, and during his ministry, the member- ship changed the name of the organization to that of the Second Presbyterian Church of Lansingburgh. On the 17th of May, 1861, -the congregation in the meantime having re-organized under the title of the Olivet Church, and elected the following persons trus- tees : David Judson, John W. Bates, Maurice S. Van Buskirk, John N. Miter, Edward P. Pickett and Seth P. Welch,-purchased the property formerly owned by the Baptist congregation on the north- west corner of Congress and Richard streets, and occupied the brick building which the latter had erected as a house of worship. In June, 1874, Rev. George P. Tyler, D. D., who had been serving the church very acceptably, resigned his charge, and since that time the congregation has been without a pastor. The Society has recently erected a chapel on the north-west corner of Congress and Clinton streets.
The State Gazetteer, published by Thomas F. Gordon in 1836, thus refers to Lansingburgh : "The village contains 2 Presbyterian, I Baptist, 1 Methodist, I Episcopal, and I Universalist, churches; an academy in high repute, 6 select, and I district, schools, several public libraries, a printing office whence issues the Lansingburgh Gazette; 4 public houses, 6 general wholesale, and some forty retail stores; and the following manufactories, 2 extensively engaged in making oil-cloth for carpets, &c., I for brushes and bellows, sur- passing it is said in quantity and quality any other in the world, I of tin, I of guns and rifles, much employed; 2 breweries with malt houses on a large scale, 3 independent maltsteries, competent to make 60,000 bushels of malt per annum, a grist mill driven by water and another by steam, factories for making machine cards, paints, glue, leather, ropes, nails, stoneware, and brass castings; a bank with $120,000 capital; several extensive slaughtering and pack- ing houses, one of which puts up 16,000 barrels of meat annually ; and about 500 dwellings, most of which are neat and commodious, and some of them elegant. This is a place of much business, com- mercial and manufacturing."
27
HISTORY OF LANSINGBURGH.
An extensive fire, occurring on Sunday, the 9th day of July, 1843, was thus described by the Lansingburgh Gazette of the roth :
"Our village was yesterday visited by the severest disaster which has ever befallen us. Nearly two whole blocks of the heart of the village are in ruins. Between thirty and forty buildings are des- troyed, among them the office of the Gazette, and it is through the politeness of Mr. Stevenson, of the Troy Whig, who has tendered us the necessary facilities, that we are enabled to issue this extra.
"The fire originated in the stables of the Rensselaer House, about four o'clock, P. M., and as the buildings which immediately came within its reach were of the most combustible nature, and a fresh breeze springing up about the time the fire was discovered, the flames spread with astonishing rapidity. For a long time it seemed as if the whole town was lost. Messengers were immediately dis- patched to Troy for assistance, where the alarm was given, and the several fire companies of that city, with many other of their citizens, came promptly to our relief, rendering the most important services. The fire companies of Waterford and Cohoes, too, were on the ground with their characteristic promptness.
"The blocks burnt are those between State street and Congress street, and Elizabeth street and Grove street."
The following persons were the sufferers: On State street- Wm. R. Barton, market ; John Albro, store, owned by - Groesbeck; C. L. Gaston, S. W. Goodwin, saddlery; Rensselaer House, J. Lamb; L. Ransom, barber shop; Mrs. P. Barton, house and store ; Luther Bliss, book store; Lansingburgh Gazette office, E. A. Barber, editor and proprietor; T. Mills, confectionery, owned by Miss Warner; Hoffman's looking-glass factory; J. G. Sweet, grocery. On Congress street-David Fancher, cooper shop; Mrs. E. Parme- lee, dwelling, owned by H. & E. R. Parmelee; ditto, a carpenter shop; - Wright, two dwelling houses, occupied by J. F. Parmelee ; Miss Esmond, house, owned by B. G. Hathway; G. W. Hart and W. Reardon, 2 dwellings, owned by J. Lockwood. On Richard street, Wright's candle factory ; H. Parmelee's ditto. On Elizabeth street, N. Adams, livery stable. On State street, the following buildings were partially injured : Geo. McAuley, dwelling ; Mrs. Mosher, 2 stores ; Mr. J. Fox, dwelling and bakery.
A second fire, discovered at 102 o'clock, Sunday evening, July 23d, in Jacocks' barn, destroyed twelve buildings on State street, between Richard and Elizabeth streets; dwelling and saddler shop
28
HISTORY OF LANSINGBURGH.
of N. Jacocks; tailor shop of George Tate, building owned by John Gaston ; law office of C. C. Parmelee ; hat store and residence of S. Noble ; residence of J. Morris, the building owned by E. J. Willett ; barber shop of Leonard Ransom, owned by E. J. Willett ; hat store and dwelling of Anthony Lamott; a wooden building belonging to Andrew Follett; hat store and dwelling of S. B. Comstock; E. J. Willett & Son, boot and shoe store, Masonic Lodge, 3d floor, proper- ty of E. J. Willett; 3 story brick building, occupied by Fake, War- ren & Co., grocers and liquor dealers, owned by E. J. Willet; a warehouse do ; a barn, Andrew Follett.
At the annual firemen's parade and inspection on the 15th of October, 1857, the following companies appeared in line : Franklin Hook and Ladder Company No. 1, Lafayette Engine Co. No. 3, Washington Engine Co. No. 4, Columbia Engine Co. No. 5, Wash- ington Volunteer Hose Co., old Engine No. I.
Under an act of the Legislature passed April 18, 1838, the Rens- selaer County Bank was established in Lansingburgh January Ist, 1853. The amount of capital stock was $200,000, consisting of 4,000 shares at $50 each. John S. Fake was the first President elected by the directors. The latter were James Reid, John S. Fake, Alson D. Hull, Henry A. Mercer, James I. Adams, Edward Tracy, Jacob Fake, Anson Groesbeck, George McAuley, John G. McMurray, David H. Flack, Alpheus Warren, William McKie, James H. Jones, Jonathan Hoag, Nathan Gifford, Christopher Sny- der, Peter Stover, Isaac McConihe, Jr., Thomas D. Beadle, Daniel Fish, John R. Haner, Bedford Filkin, Jacob Y. Kipp, J. Harris. In June, 1865, it was converted into a National Bank, but in 1871 it took its former title, On the 13th of July, 1872, it filed its notice of discontinuance and ceased to exist.
The Lansingburgh Democrat was first published in December, 1838, by William J. Lamb, who continued its publication until his death in 1859. In April, 1861, it was purchased by Young & Rob- inson, and changed to the New Advertiser, which was issued only a few months, when its publication ceased.
At the outbreak of the late rebellion, the village of Lansingburgh sent forth her citizens and sons to protect the nation's flag, with the same honorable pride as the forefathers of the hamlet had done at the beginning of the revolutionary war. The first full company formed, was organized for the 30th Regiment, N. Y. S. Volunteers, Colonel Edward Frisby, commanding. It was mustered in as Co.
29
HISTORY OF LANSINGBURGH.
A; Samuel King, captain; John H. Campbell, lieutenant, and Francis Dargen, ensign. Captain King and Ensign Dargen were both killed at the first battle of Bull Run, as were also five privates of the same company. Lieutenant Campbell received the commis- sion of captain, and on the company's return home, June 1, 1863, at the expiration of its two years of service, it was received with a grand ovation. At the second battle of Bull Run, Chauncey F. Vandeusen was killed, who, with Josiah E. West and Frederick Weaver, had joined Company A, 22d Regiment N. Y. S. Volunteers, Col. Walter Phelps, Jr., commanding. This regiment's term of service was for two years from the 6th of June, 1861. Company K, 169th Regiment, was raised by Captain Daniel Ferguson and 2d Lieutenant E. R. Smith, and was placed under the regimental com- mand of Col. Clarence Buel. Captain Ferguson lost his life at the explosion of the mine at Fort Fisher. The time of service of this command was for three years from October 6, 1862. Captain Chas. S. Holmes and Ist Lieutenant Cornelius Kelleher also went out with Company C, 192d Reg't N. Y. S. V. for three years or during the war, from March 13, 1865.
The First Free Methodist Church was organized at Whipple Hall, October 15, 1867. Joseph Sherman, Elijah Godell and Thomas Robinson were elected the first Trustees. Rev. Daniel Sinclair had this congregation, together with one at Saratoga, under his charge at its organization. A house of worship was erected in 1867, on Ann street, south of Elizabeth street, which was dedicated Novem- ber 15th of that year. Rev. George E. Ferrin was the first pastor of this Society.
Among the old residents of the village of Lansingburgh, the fol- lowing named individuals remain to hand down the traditions of their birth-place, and to review the many changes that have trans- pired within the century : Charles H. Bontecou, born January 6th, 1798; Nicholas Weaver, December 12th, 1798; Hamlet Bontecou, December 29th, 1799, and Alexander Willson, January 30th, 1800.
Abraham Jacob Lansingh had three sons, namely : Jacob A. Lan- singh, who died February 25th, 1801, aged 59 years ; Cornelius Lansingh,1 died April 23, 1842, aged 90 years ; and Levinus Lan- singh, died - 1837. Charles J. Lansing, counselor at law, son of
I Cornelius Lansingh's homestead was where now is the residence of E. D. Beach, known as the Abbey property. (See page 221, History of the City of Troy.
2 Levinus Lansingh's residence was the building now the home .of David Judson, No. 3 Grove street, corner of River street.
30
HISTORY OF LANSINGBURGH.
Cornelius Lansingh, having preserved all of the most important papers of the family of the village, has a most valuable collection of old and rare documents and manuscripts relating to the early history of Lansingburgh.
Only a few of the old buildings, landmarks of the past, are yet standing, and these are easily recognized by their quaint and ancient appearance. Where most of the first houses were erected can be established by comparing the numbers in the foot-note subjoined and the present large map of the city, made by John Bevan in 1872. The city of Lansingburgh, (1771) comprised that portion of the present village which is included between North and South streets, East street and the river. 1
I A list of the names of the first purchasers of lots in the first division, (the city of Lansing- burgh) bounded north by North street, east by East street, south by South street, and west by the Hudson river. Alphebetically arranged, with dates of sale as in the original paper. The number of the lots will be found on any map of Lansingburgh.
NAME.
WHEN SOLD.
NUMBER OF LOT.
William Adams,
James Abeel, .
June 20, 1772, .3, 153, I54
Evert Bancker,
June II, 1771, ,II3
Flores Bancker, June 8, 1771, 169 to 183, 185, 186, 187 to 192, and Water Lot 25.
John Barber, . January 26, 1771, .240
Ab'm Blaau,. October 25, 1770, . 5, 2II
Waldron Blaau,
June, 1771, .5, 184
James Boggs, Jr.,
.August 24, 1771, . .66, 212
Ab'm Brinkerhoof,
. June 22, 1772, . I59, 160
Joshua Burnham,.
. .
.9I
James Caldwell,
29, 30 Caleb Carr,.
Joy Chambers,.
March 9, 1784,
43
Jeremiah Comstock,
84
William Conklin,
June 28, 1777,. 9, IO
Ebenezer Cooley. . March II, 1788,
Water Lot 19
Cornelius Cooper, October 30, 1780,
.71,72
Peter Curtinus, June II, 1771, . 8
Volkart Dawson,
February 3, 1773 .
205
Barnet De Clyn, July 23, 1772,
I2
John Dunbar,.
March 9, 1770,
81, 82, 152
Benjamin French,.
March 20, 1770, . .17, 18
Eldart Funda,
December 3, 1771, .50
John D. Funda, .
December 27, 1771,
97 to 99
Peter Goewy,
February 21, 1775, . IOO
Amos Graves, . November 25, 1774. ยท 38, 39
Samuel Halstead,
. December 10, 1770.
, IO2
Anne Hamersley, March 30, 1771,. 225, 233
Thomas Hiatt,.
July 22, 1772,.
.60
Ezra Hitchcock,
. June 16, 1783,
.40
Lyman Hitchcock,
May 3, 1780,
. 64
Peter Hogle,
I68
Moses Holt, September 20, 1776, .24
. IOI
November 18, 1788, 231, 232 Jonathan Brewer,
June 10, 1786, .37
3I
HISTORY OF LANSINGBURGH.
The industrial interests of Lansingburgh at present include two large and extensive floor oil cloth factories, a half score of brush manufactories, several capacious malthouses, two excellent cracker baking establishments, a first-class brewery, and a leading scale manufactory and foundry. The first oil cloths were made in Lan- singburgh as early as the year 1817, by Wm. Powers, who on the 17th of June of that year advertised this particular branch of hand- icraft. The present firm of Deborah Powers & Sons represent the enterprise of the founder of the business, which has secured a very large and prosperous trade. Besides the works in Lansingburgh, the firm has a manufactory at Newburgh, and a warehouse in New York city. R. C. Haskell, the proprietor of the Whipple oil cloth factory established about thirty-two years ago, has acquired a very extended reputation for his manufactured goods. Lansing- burgh has assumed a very prominent position in the manufacture
NAME.
WHEN SOLD.
NUMBER OF LOT.
Hoogland & Seymour,. . March 17, 1785, 47,48
Nathaniel Jacobs, . November 15, 1787, Water Lot 18
Ignis Kipp,
July 19, 1773, .206
Thomas Knight,
April 28, 1785
49
Francis Lansingh,. . April 24, 1772, . 14, half of 15, 261
Franciscus Lansingh, . April 27, 1775, 25, 26, 44, 45
Hendrick Lansingh, April 24, 1772, .I6
Isaac Lansingh,. . October 26, 1770, .65
Isaac H. Lansingh,
.December 30, 1771, .27, 5I
Jacob A. Lansingh, October 7, 1770, 13, 216
Levinus Lansingh, . January 14, 1790,
II5
II6 Hugh McCarty
Alex. McClean,
. June 18, 1771, . . 7, 257
Mayekie McCoy,
.December 27, 1771,
.213
William McGill, . April 9th, 1777,.
32
Patrick McNiff, February 8, 1777,
.35
James McMurray,
70
Charles Meal,
. June 8, 1771, ....
II
James Moran, November 13, 1772,
59
Agnus Murray,
.September 23, 1786,. . 69
William Nichols,. February 5, 1777, .33
Ab'm Nilson, . July 21, 1772,. 263, 264
Aaron Noble,
Joseph Norris,. . October 22, 1773,
58
Abm. J. Ouderkirk, March 6, 1775,
I21
Charles Reed, .February 26, 1772,
236
Maria Rosa, .. March 7, 1786,
20
Anthony Rutgers, .June 8, 1771, . 105, 129
School Lots,.
108, 109, 132, 133
134, 135, 136 William Scott,
Cornelius S. Sebring, July 22, 1772, .96
Jonathan Sewers, . February 22, 1772,.
209, 210
John Skiffington,. April 7, 1774,. .I27
Patrick Smith, June 3, 1774 .19
.92
Platt & Williams, April 24, 1786, Water Lot 17
32
HISTORY OF LANSINGBURGH.
of various kinds and styles of brushes. The different makers enjoy a personal reputation for the character of their brushes, and by close and careful attention to each article manufactured, constant- ly produce saleable goods. The leading makers are J. G. Mc- Murray & Co., Thomas Curran, E. & C. Wood, George Scott, Peter B. King, J. C. Pushee & Co., Comeskey Bros., James McQuide, and Flynn Bros. The firm of Edward Tracy & Co., maltsters, have been long established in business, and possess very large and spacious buildings for the production of malt. The steam cracker manufactory of Joseph Fox, established in 1806 by his father, is also giving much importance to the business of Lan- singburgh. The large cracker bakery of R. M. De Freest is also doing an extensive business. The brewery of Samuel Bolton & Sons, and the scale works and foundry of Southwick & Arnold also add to the growing manufacturing interests of the place.
What shall be the future of Lansingburgh and the cities and villages which so closely adjoin each other, in the vicinity of the confluence of the Mohawk and Hudson rivers, is for future histori- ans to record. Shall these contiguous places grow into a great and important center of manufactures, of commerce and trade? Shall
NAME.
WHEN SOLD.
NUMBER OF LOT.
Smith & Whitney,
. 90
Benjamin Snyder,
July 28, 1786, . 275
Elinor Taylor, May 25, 1770,. . I, 2
Barnt Ten Eyck, . 140
John Tibbit,
. October 27, 1780, 41, 42
John Tilman,
August 8, 1774, .
.56
Margret Tilman,
August 8, 1774,
. 55
James Thompson, April 15, 1778, .68
Robert Thompson, December 21,
73 to 75
Hendrick Van Arnam,
John Van Cortland,.
November 1, 1785.
85, 86
Cornelius Vandeburgh, .September 10, 1786.
193, 194
John Van Rensselaer,
. June 1, 1786 16 Water Lot
James Van Varick,
July 22, 1772, .89
Ab'm K. Van Vleck
. January 31, 1772, .. 21, 22, 23, 46, with Water Lots 21 to 23
130, 131
Aaron Ward,. . July 17, 1786, .
Ralph Watson,. .September 14, 1773,
.88
Frederick Weaver,.
.53, 54
Peter Weaver, .
December 9, 1774, .
79, 80
Jonathan Wickwire, . December 9, 1770. .31
John D. Witt, July, 1772,. .237
Jonathan Wood,
II4
Wynkoop & Ten Eyck, May 3, 1775, 235
Robert Yates, March 7, 1770,
6
Peter W. Yates,.
. 34, 52, 104
Joseph Young, April 6, 1775.
. 123, 124
. 76
Gerrit and Catharine Van Wie, . August 27, 1773, .
.67
33
HISTORY OF LANSINGBURGH.
ships glide into their docks laden with freights from the West, the North and the Great Lakes? Who can divine the hidden things which the enterprise, the wealth, and the education in the new cen- tury of American Independence will bring into existence, to mark the country's progress with greater honors and monumental glories ?
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