History of Lewis County, New York; with...biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers, Part 11

Author: Hough, Franklin Benjamin, 1822-1885
Publication date: 1883
Publisher: Syracuse, New York : Mason
Number of Pages: 712


USA > New York > Lewis County > History of Lewis County, New York; with...biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 11


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1848. Norman Gowdy,


1849.


Hiram Mills,


Cornelius H. Wood. John Benedict,


.6 66 F. W. Northrup, Samuel P. Mills,


1851. S. D. Mason, 1852. Ashley Davenport,


1853. Seth Miller.


..


=


N Duane Baker. 64 66 Charles G. Riggs,


1857. Edmund Baldwin, L. C. Davenport, C. E. Stevens, Mortimer Smith, 1858.


1859. Moses M Smith.


H. D. Noltoo, Jehiel R. Wetmore, Charles M. Goff.


The Treasurers were :- 1841, . Harvey Stephens : 1848-'49, Ela N. Merriam ; 1850-'58, Moses M. Smith ; 1859, Alfred H. Lee.


The County Agricultural Society was re-organized Dec. 27, 1859, under Chap- ter 425, Laws of 1855, entitled “ An act to facilitate the formation of Agricultur- al and Horticultural Societies." Under this form, its first officers were chosen as follows :-


President-James S. Jackson.


Vice-President-William W. Smith.


Secretary-F. B. Morse.


Treasurer -- Alfred H. Lee.


Directors-Norman Gowdy, and San- ford Coe, (for 3 years); Ela N. Merriam, and Charles G. Riggs, (for 2 years) ; and Charles H. Curtis and Azro H. Buck, (for 1 year).


The fairs continued to be held alter- nately at Turin in even years, and at Lowville in odd years until 1871, since which time they have been held only at Lowville.


Presidents.


Corresponding Secretaries


Recording Secretaries. Charles Dayan,


1841.


Clement Whitaker,


Stephen Leonard,


1842,


1843.


Ela Merriam, =


Charles L Martin,


1844.


Ela Merriam,


Charles L. Martin,


Charles Dayan.


1845.


Lyman R. Lyon,


Francis Seger,


S D. Hungerford,


V. R. Martin,


John Benedict,


H. Blodget,


do


do


(five ; see notet)


do


do


1870


N. Gowdy,


E. Merriam,


do


do


1772.


A. R. Gebbie,


N. Gowdy,


do


do


1874.


*E. Merriam, N. Gowdy, IL. Blodget, Cornwall Wool- worth, and Roswell Miller.


+ H. Blodget, N. Gowdy, Wm. Whitaker, E. Allen, E. Merrianı.


# H Blodget, N. Gowdy, Wm. Whitaker, E. Allen, Ashley Davenport, Leonard S. Standring, H. D. H. Snyder, Jr,, E, Merriam.


§ Did nol qualify, and George Sherwood appointed.


1850.


Harrison Barnes, 66


1854. Sanford Coe,


1855.


Charles D. Adams.


1856. Lewis Stevens,


William King,


1867.


E. Merriam,


72


HISTORY OF LEWIS COUNTY.


In January, 1876, a committee was ap- pointed to buy a site for a new fair ground, the society having until this time occupied premises owned by asso- ciates and rented for its use. The site purchased was a part of the Bostwick estate, including about fifteen acres of land, which D. C. West sold to the socie- ty for $3,150. The sum of $560 was spent for fencing, $2,609 for buildings, $99 for conduit and reservoir, $28.50 for insurance, and $1,017 for grubbing and ditching, making the first expenses $7,- 467.50. Mortgages of $3,150, $1,000 and $1,300 were executed, constituting a debt of $5,450. The society paid $700 from its funds, and $1,217.50 in a subscription by the friends of the society and citizens of Lowville and vicinity.


These premises are on the northeast- ern border of the village of Lowville, and are finely shaded, a large number of the native trees of the forest being left. The fairs have since been held annually there, and the premises have been found convenient for holding mass meetings and for various other purposes.


Upon the abandonment of the old fair grounds southeast of the village, a town Agricultural Society was formed, and two fairs were appointed to be held the same year. The difficulty was amica- bly adjusted, and the town organization was dropped.


The Carthage Union Agricultural Society, was formed in July, 1875. Although its fairs are held outside of Lewis county, it includes several active members within it, and as an agency for promoting an interest in agricultural subjects, it merits notice in this connection.


The Lewis County Dairymen's Associa- tion .- This society devoted to the special interest indicated by its name, was or- ganized on the 3d Tuesday of January, 1868, and held its last meeting February 13, 1874.


An attempt was made more recently


to organize a Board of Trade at Low- ville, but it held only one meeting.


CHEESE FACTORIES.


About the commencement of the late · war, cheese factories began to be estab- lished, and during the war, the high price of labor led to their rapid exten- sion, until nearly the whole of the cheese made in the county, was produced at these establishments. The economy which they effect, and the uniformity of quality which they secure have been so appar- ent, that they have since been continued, with every prospect of permanence, and every year with new improvements tending to better results. At some of these butter is also made to a limited ex- tent, but this article is still chiefly pro- duced upon farms, in the spring and fall at seasons when it is found more profita- ble than cheese.


To Lewis county readers, it would be quite superfluous to describe the routine of manufacture, and the business trans- actions concerned ; but as this book may fall in the hands of some not familiar with this subject, or it may be referred back to hereafter, we will describe them as concisely as possible. The milk is taken to the factory in large cans, and now generally in the morning only. The milking of the evening is strained into the cans, and by a cooling process, the animal heat is taken out, either by plac- ing in the cans tin vessels filled with cold water, or by letting the milk fall from a perforated tin strainer in finely divided streams like a shower. Upon arriving at the factory, the milk is drawn off into a receiving can and weighed. This weight is entered on the books of the factory, and in a pass-book carried by the driver, and becomes the basis for the distribution of proceeds when the products are sold.


The cheese factory is usually by the side of a spring or stream of pure water ;


73


CHEESE FACTORIES.


if not, cold water is always brought in pipes to the premises. It is often on a hill-side, to favor the unloading ; if not, a bridge is raised on the side where the milk is delivered, so that it can flow. from the bottom of the cans on the wagon into the top of the receiver with- in. The buildings are generally cov- ered on the sides with rough boards, nailed upright, and almost always a family lives upon the premises. The apparatus consists of several large tin vats, that are suspended in wooden vats somewhat larger, so that the tempera- ture can be regulated by the admission of water heated to a proper degree be- tween them. There must be a large boiler for heating water, and this often supplies steam to a small engine for churning, pumping, or other light work.


The milk is heated to a proper degree, and rennet in solution is added. The curd presently forms, after which the whey is drawn off, the curd is cut and broken, salted, and placed in hoops for the presses. Of these there are various forms, but in all, or nearly all, the pres- sure is applied by an iron screw. When pressed, bandaged and oiled, the cheeses are placed upon long tables, and care- fully turned, oiled, and attended daily until sold, which is generally at inter- vals of about a month ; but this varies according to the market, from two weeks to two or three months. A thin scale- board of about the thickness of a card is finally placed upon each side, and each cheese is placed in a separate and closely fitting box. The cheese are from four- teen to fifteen inches across, and from nine to eleven inches high, and the weight is generally from fifty to sixty pounds.


With respect to business transactions, the custom varies. Sometimes a num- ber of farmers, owning together from 300 to 500 cows, will associate together, procure and fit up a building, and hire a


1


man and his wife, or more help if needed, dividing the expenses and sharing the receipts pro-rata, according to the total weight of milk received in the season. In other cases, the owner of the factory will contract to make the chcese, and pay all the expenses of manufacture at a given price per pound, he furnishing the boxes or not, as may be agreed upon. We believe a common price is about a cent and a quarter to a cent and a half a pound, the boxes included. The boxes are circular and made of elm, with the top and bottom generally of bass- wood.


The selling is usually done by a com- mittee, or by one man selected by the associates from their own number. It is occasionally sent to market to be sold on commission, but the common custom is to sell to produce dealers, who either buy on their own account, or on joint account, or as agents for the wholesale dealers in New York City, to which by far the greater part of the cheese is sent, and from thence mostly to European markets. It sometimes goes to Phila- delphia or Boston markets, but the amount thus sent is small.


There has formerly been much specu- lation in the buying of dairy produce, but now, with the facilities of telegraph, and the constant quotation of prices in the daily papers, and often through the vigilance of trusted correspondents, those having the selling of the cheese of the factories, may keep themselves closely informed, and the profits of mid- dle men have become less.


The relatively greater profit of cheese from a given quantity of milk, has re- duced very materially, the quantity of butter made in this and adjacent counties. in recent years; but it is an easy matter to change from one to the other, as the interest may appear. For butter-making. the tin pans formerly used, are in many cases now replaced by large oblong vats


74


HISTORY OF LEWIS COUNTY.


of tin, placed in larger vats of wood, and by means of a current of water flowing between them, the milk can be kept at a constant temperature best adapted to the formation of cream.


Formerly, the whey of cheese facto- ries, was fed to swine in adjacent pens, but this offensive practice is now very generally discontinued, and the whey is pumped into the cans that bring the milk, as they are returning to the farms where they belong, and is fed to the swine at home.


Until the present time, no attempt has been made to produce condensed milk for canning. At a few places, pine-apple, Limburg, and other kinds of cheese are made, but they form quite an insignifi- cant proportion to the whole amount.


SPECIAL CROPS.


In the early period of settlement. after roads had been opened to the great markets, the first surplus crop produced in the county ; and for a time, much more was sent out of the county, than was needed for its use. This was at first taken down to Albany in the winter, by sleighs, and after the construction of the Erie Canal, to Utica and Rome. For a few years it was made into flour, which was sent off in barrels, but this business had ended about 1840, when the dairying business had begun to be quite prevalent, and hasever since been the leading agri- cultural industry of the county.


Hops may now be placed next after dairy products, having in very recent years become an object of extensive cul- tivation. We are not aware of any special methods of cultivation or prep- aration peculiar to this region, and there are certain casualties which no skill can avoid. In 1875, the census reported over a quarter of a million of pounds, and 617 acres devoted to this cultivation, but the amount has since largely increased,


and the unprecedented prices of 1882, cannot fail to stimulate further pro- duction. The greater part is exported to Europe from New York, being pur- .chased by dealers, who make this a special business.


Dye Stuffs .- The cultivation of saff- ron (Carthamus tinctorius), for dyeing, was about 1846, a prominent business with several farmers in Lowville and Martinsburgh. At a somewhat earlier period, the cultivation of madder was attempted, but without success sufficient to induce a continuance of the enter- prise.


Flax has been a subject of culture from the first, but never extensively as a leading business, except during the active operation of the Copenhagen works. In 1845-'6, large quantities were raised, chiefly from the high price of the seed. Linseed oil has been extensively manufactured at Lowville and Copen- hagen,


Hemp was cultivated to a considerable extent in Denmark and vicinity, soon after the establishment of Varick's cord- age manufactory at Copenhagen, about 1832-'5. The result was not satisfactory, chiefly from the difficulty of properly preparing it for use when grown.


Essential Oils .-- The manufacture of. the oil of peppermint, has been an im- portant item of business in Lowville and Harrisburgh, and was still followed to a limited extent when our first edition was printed ; but since then the business has disappeared entirely. The first field of mint in the county was planted in 1811, by Martin Guiteau and Truman Terrill, who continued the business several years. The Buck, Morse, Humphrey, and other families, were afterwards exten- sively engaged in it. In 1814, three farmers had 40 acres planted, and the profits of some of the earlier adventurers were great. The plant is usually mown three years, and the yield per acre in


75


AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS.


oil generally averages ten pounds the first year, fifteen the second, and five or six the third. It is distilled soon after being cut, or when partially cured like hay. The price of this article was very fluctuating, and on several occasions, the transition from one extreme to the other resulted in heavy losses. Other essential oils, as of hemlock, cedar, wintergreen, balsam fir, spearmint, &c., have been made to a limited extent.


Silk .- In 1843, Ira Adams received a premium of $3.79, at the rate of 15 cents per pound, for cocoons, and $1.12 at the rate of 50 cents per pound for reeled silk. This was probably the largest amount ever raised in one year by one person, and but few have ever attempted silk culture in the county. The Morus mul- ticautis speculation prevailed in this coun- ty to only a moderate degree, as compared with other sections. We know of but a single tree now growing, as a relic of the time when " it would be cheaper to dress in silk than in woolen." It is upon the farm of Ezra W. Stanford, between Mar- tinsburgh and Lowville village, and was planted by Russell Hills, a former owner of the place, and an enthusiast in this movement.


AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS OF THE CENSUS.


The year of production reported in the census is that preceding the census year, excepting as otherwise indicated by notes. We give in the following table a summary for Lewis county, as reported since 1821 :-


Acres of Land.


Improved.


Unimproved.


1821.


37,880


1825.


47,574


1835.


86,150


1845.


114,187


1855.


184,540


497, 146


1860.


177,031


108,960


1865.


211,480


433,934


Improved.


Unimproved.


1870.


233,704


200,513*


1875.


241,091


396, 103Ť


Acres Plowed.


Acres in Fallow.


1855.


32,889


1855.


1,64I


I864.


25,435


1865.


335


1865.


25,477


1874.


34,23I


1875.


34,428


Cash Value of Farms.


1855.


$7,519,002


1860.


8.264,029


1865


10,424,679


1870.


15,181,008


1875.


13,661,307


Cash value of Tools and Implements.


1855


$287,903


1860


370,217


1865


438,952


1870


587,501


1875


584,396


Cash value of Stock.


1855


$1, 102,582


1860


1,404,247


1865


2,062,564


1870


2,635,706


1875


2, 174,994


Value of Farm Buildings other than


Dwellings.


1875


$1,498,636


Value of Forest Products.


1840


$ 33,030


1870 188,352


Value of Animals Slaughtered.


1860


$148,287


1870


286,992


Total Value of Farm Products.


1870


$3,837,797


Gross sales of Farm Products.


1875 $1,590,217


Wages paid for Farm Labor.


1870 $371,374


Value of Commercial Fertilizers Used.


1865


$398.30


1875


659.00


* Of this amount 154,679 acres were in woodland.


t Of this amount, 249,045 acres were in woodland.


76


HISTORY OF LEWIS COUNTY.


--


Sizes of Farms.


1870


1875


Of all sizes


3,526


4,124


Under 3 acres.


IO


199


3 to 10 acres


268


209


Io to 20 acres


430


178


20 to 50 acres


1,025


624


50 to 100 acres


925


1,142


100 to 500 acres


866


1,740


500 to 1,000 acres


2


20


1,000 and over


IO


Dwelling Houses.


1855.


1865.


1875.


Stone (No.)


34


40


39


(value)


$61,500


$44,300


$90,700


Brick (No.)


I8


60.


59


1855


219


1,566


65,782


(value)


$22,000


3,195


$90,400 4,403


5,7II


(value) $1, 141,653 $1,738, 192


718


487


(value)


$30,571


$15,403 251


$17,542


Other (No.)


366


(value)


$48,234


$45,973


$6,296


Total (No.)


4,707


5,472


(value) $1,303,958 $1,934,268 $4,224,549


Barley.


Acres Sown.


Bushels Harvested.


1840


20,27 I


1845


1,587


23, 119


1850


23,813


1855


1,922


37,513


1860


54,304


1865


4,277


69,828


1874


2,295


61,217


1875


2,995


Beans --- See " Peas and Beans."


Acres Planted.


Bushels Harvested.


1845


104


678


1855


72


1,030


1864


231


695


1874


44


445


1875


617


1875


50


Buckwheat.


Acres Sown.


Bushels Harvested.


1840


144,880


1845


1,816


25,803


1850


1850


10,117


1855


14,038


295,445


1855


1,067


10,443


1860


1860


18,10I


1864


12,312


201,934


1864


696


8, 11 I


1865


12,514


1870


16,055


1870


445,667


1874


893


14,289


1874


20,236


639,523


1875


753


1875


19,853


Tons of Hay.


Bushels of Grass Seed.


1840


1845


1855


71,496


57,238


51,802


1,746


I860


72,296


1,652


1864


102,561


78,692


78,781


271


1865


102,565


79,875


104,653


456


1874


117,113


86,569


107,493


1,132


1875


117,973


88,061


Hops.


Acres Cultivated.


Pounds Harvested.


1840


5,460


1850


11,322


1855


25


8,870


1860


19,599


1864


43


69,895


1865


71


272,815


1874


41I


232,214


Oats.


Acres Sown.


Bushels Harvested.


1840


8,498


1845


7,923


53,180


1850


83,027


1855


4,616


92,398


1860


43,912


1664


1,468


31,715


1870


1874


1,592


42,515


1875


1,530


Acres sown for fodder 1874, 472 ; 1875, 290.


Flax.


Acres Sown.


Bushels of Seed. Pounds of Lint.


1845


480


85,281


1850


31,905


1860


335


5,716


1864


I44


702


23,422


1865


40


1870


5


225


Grass Lands.


Acres of


Acres Sown.


Pasturage.


Corn.


Acres Planted.


Bushels Harvested.


1840


48,984


1845


2,291


43,284


67,280


Framed (No.)


Log (No) 1,094


$268,800


$3,847,507


1870


1870


202,505


202,515


289,734


1870


38,414


77


AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS.


Peas.


Acres Sown.


Bushels Harvested.


1845


1,542


21,925


1855


4,603


56,940


1855


856


12,978


1864


632


5,208


1860


23,258


1865


659


1864


750


9,533


1865


656


1874


2,07I


30,378


1874


590


11,514


1875


55I


Peas and Beans.


Acres.


Bushels.


1845


1,646


22,603


1855


928


14,008


1860


23,258


1870


9,248


Potatoes.


Acres Planted.


Bushels Harvested.


1840


634,316


1845


5,420


498,849


1850


287,715


1855


3,296


243,841


1860


330,706


1864


3,116


328,822


1865


4,6.30


1870


353,016


1874


5,044


616,04I


1875


5,426


Rye.


Acres Sown.


Bushels Harvested.


1840


2,473


1845


913


9,278


1855


1,151


11,383


1860


11,960


I 864


1,060


9,812


1865


1, 165


9,546


1874


1,040


14,950


1875


976


Turnips.


Acres.


Bushels Harvested.


1845


259


22,340


1845


18,024


1865


30,639


1855


19,15 L


1870


32,298


1864


28


5,293


1860


26,373


1874


30,06It


1864


30,846


1875


32,141}


Number of Working Oxen.


1855


2,423


1870


1, 120


1860


2, 195


1875


1,116


1840


1845


7,026


87,406


1850


73,584


1855


63,785


1860


73,505


Spring Wheat.


Acres Sown.


Bushels Harvested.


Orchards.


Bushels of apples, (1855) 72, 198 ; barrels of cider, (1855) 1,451.


Value of orchard products, (1840) $2,820 ; (1860) $8,283 ; (1870) $28,946.


Number of


Bushels


Barrels


Trees in Fruit.


of Apples


of Cider.


1865


22,262


19, 14I


512


1875


53,575


42,0II


844


Market Gardens.


Acres.


Value Growo.


1855


I


$ 115


1860


124


1865


7


5,377


1870


2,496


Cattle and Dairy Products.


Neat Cattle-Total Number.


1821


10,417


1860


38,120


1825


13,780


1864


35,313


1835


25,063


1865


39,479


1840


31,130


1870


32,298


1845


32,790


1874


33,744


1850


32,308


1875


47,857


1855


29,748


Number of Milch Cows.


1855


56


5,830


1865


22


Wheat.


Acres Sown.


Bushels Harvested


85, 191


1865


1,254


* Under one year, 5, 176; over one year, 26,915.


+ Milk sent to factories, 17,209.


¿ Milk sent to factories, 18,555.


Winter Wheat.


Acres Sown.


Bushels Harvested.


1855


318


3,845


1864


138


2,572


1865


409


1870


5,034


1874


316


5,725


1875


400


1870


28,819


1875


1,847


1870


78


HISTORY OF LEWIS COUNTY.


Number of Other Cattle.


Mules.


1855


8,174


1870


9,745


1855


9


1860


9,552


1865


24


Bulls of all Ages.


1875


2,687


Sheep and Wool.


No. of Sheep.


Pounds of Wool.


1875, (calves) 6,355; (1 yr.) 4,673 ; (2 yrs.) 3,673.


Dairy Products.


1835


40,234


68,173


Pounds of Butter.


Pounds


Gallons


of Milk Sold.


1845


40,657*


89,229


1845


1,266,933


1,420,368


1850


15,368


44,137


1855


1,575,515


1,896,741


6,795


1855


10,087


27.047


1860


1,997,887


2,911,775


1860


9,605


31,464


1870


2,080,259


977,547


5,273,1831


1870


8,384


32,631


1874


6,270


25,881


Value of Dairy Products.


1875


6,753


27,888


1840


$137,177


Lambs Raised.


Cattle Killed for Beef.


1865


9,278


(1855) 1,247 ; (1865) 2,141 ; (1875) I,IIO.


Horses.


1821


1,887


1825


3,066


1835


4,684


1840


3,931


1865


279


1850


4,302


1855


5,097


1860


5,222


No of Swine.


Pounds of Pork.


1865


6,278


1825


11,739


1870


6,547


1835


16,197


1875


7,079


1840


18,076


Colts one year old.


1865


466


1860


8,246


1875


358


[86!


10,308


1, 298,635


Colts of first season.


1865


401


1875


339


1865


5,12I


1875


6,136


Maple Sugar and Syrup.


Pounds of Sugar.


Gallons of Syrup.


1840


257,476


1855


236,918


4,698


1860


465,680


3,190


1865


551,102


2,6-18


1870


451,326


1,200


1875


585,644


6,555


1865


1,663,950


4,755,043


1864


10,702


54,070


1865


14,839


1875


1,880,839


323,647₺


8,814


1874


4,743


1875


5,098


Sheep Slaughtered.


1865


1,862


1875


952


1845


4,570


1875


204


Swine and Pork.


1850


15,813


1855


9,091


1870


5,979


1875


12,766


1,530,447


* In 1865, there were reported thirty-two cheese factories, worth $52,546, and employing fifty-five men and sixty-three women. They used the milk of 12,084 cows, and paid $15,574 for labor. Of these, twenty- eight used 33, 531, 746 pounds of milk, and produced 3, 171, 721 pounds of cheese. They usually began in May and ended in October.


In 1875, the statistics of cheese factories were very fully taken by the aid of a separate blank, but were not published.


+ Evidently a gross error. Perhaps includes milk sent to factories.


# Made upon farms. The amount made at factories was not published.


1870


25


1875


54


Heifers.


1821


18,267


1825


34,467


1840


36,665


of Cheese. *


1864


7,544


Sheep Killed.by Dogs.


Pigs of first season.


* Under one year, 11,995, over one year, 28,427.


79


STATISTICS.


Honey and Wax.


Pounds.


1840


148


1850


17,968


1855


12,743


1860


18,540


1865


23,831


1870


8,301


1875


12,708


;


Poultry and Eggs.


Value owned-1865-$11,329.65 ; 1875- $21,133.00


Value sold-1855-$4,701.00; 1865-$2,-


595.03 ; 1875-$5,817.00


Eggs sold-1855-$2,671 ; 1865-$2,997.89; 1875-$12,087.


Poultry owned-1840-5,293.


Domestic Manufactures. (Yards.)


Fulled Cloth.


Flannel and Other Woolens.


Linen, Cotton, Etc.


1821


16,890


20,808


41,422


1825


23,708


28,616


44,513


1835


22,591


25,621


30,607


1845


17,801


29,630


23,871


1855


2,609


8,291


4,902


1865


6,615


18,247


13,144


Towns.


1825


1835


1845


Na-


Nat- ural- ized.


tive.


ized.


Na- ural- tive. ized.


Croghan


131


82


126


157


293


330


313


Denmark


380


527


612


532


52


$58


44


545


49


Diana


8


153


193


38


280


87


3.56


91


Greig


96


171


264


25


383


96


348


87


Harrisburgh


125


158


220


228


67


249


81


215


62


Grist Mills


14


16


19


14


Saw Mills


40


46


94


80


Oil Mills


2


2


Fulling Mills


11


12


14


5


388


443


521


458


37


581


75


646


124


Rope Factories.


IO


12


5


1


17


22


21


2


2


2


1


2


1


I


Pinckney


1 58


223


253


9


382


59


383


18


128


183


309


190


18


246


18


309


36


West Turin ..


289


504


264


209


319 , 188


372


154


Total,


2, 248 3, 161 4, 287 4,059| 1, 225 4, 834 1, 843 5.643:1,963


Population of Towns in Lewis County at Various Periods.


Towne.


1800


1814


1820


1825


1830


1835


1840


1845


1850


1855


1860


1855


1870


1875


1880


Croghen,


Denmark,


1,495


1,745


1,989: 2,370 2,522


2,383


2,551


2.824


2,381


2,559


2,222


2.109


1.987


3,204


Diena,


Greig,


399


520


722


712


803


850


986


1,367


1,240


1,338


1,238


1,090


1,013


1,089


High Market,


1,157


1,407|


1,259


1,252


1,205


1,161


Leyden,


622


871| 1,203


1,156


1,502 1,687


2,438


1,941


2,253


1,856


1,859


1,828|


2,048


1,973


1,933


Lowville,


300;


1,601


1,943


2,107


2,334


2,097


2,047


2,167


2,377


2,144


2,373 2,574|


2,805


2,865


3,188


Lyonsdale,


997


1,497


1,950


2,382


2,288


2,272


2,408


2,677


2,489


2,855


2.480


2,262


2,141


2,386


Montague,


1,510


1,647


412


513


595|


712


688


649


666


Pinckney,


440 1,078


1,812 2,388


1,661 1,907


1,704


1,882


1,826


1,748


1,849 1,683


1,493


1,393


1,386


Watson,


693


909


1,163


1,707


2,763


1.138


930


1,028


949


1,146


3,282


1,470


Weet Turin, ..


1,635


1,843


2,042


1,624


3,793


2,478


2,410 2,128


2,111


1.842


2,006


Total ..


1,362 6,848| 9,227 11,669 15,239 16,093 17,830 20,218 24.564 25,229 28, 580 27,840: 28,699 | 29,245 31,416


Value of Home-made Manufactures. (1840), $25,253 ; (1860), $10,606. Total value of Manufactured Products. (1870), $19,094.


STATISTICS OF POPULATION ELECTORS.


AND OF


A national census has been taken every ten years since 1790. Before 1825, the State government (excepting in 1814,) took a census of Electors only, but com- mencing in 1825, it has since taken a full census of the population at intervals of ten years. The number of Electors in 1807, 1814 and 1821, was as follows :- Freeholders Freeholders Renting tenements Total.


worth over $250, worth $50 to $250, worth over $5


per annum.


1807


574


72


450


1,096


1814


614


71


499


1,184


1821


740


34


617


1,391


The number of voters at different pe- riods, as shown by the State census, be- ginning in 1825 has been as follows :-


1855


1865


1875


MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS.


1821 1825 1835 1840 1845 1855 1865


High Market


47


161


59


158


86


146


Lewis ...


Leyden


259


370


427


347


85


374


93


420


12


Carding Machines



7


12


I


-


Martinsburgh


358


450


$48


471


68


495 86


98


44


244


283




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