USA > New York > Orange County > History of Orange County, New York, with illustrations and biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men > Part 15
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be lamented circumstance. If in their situation he had attacked them, with the common smiles of Providence he minst have succeeded and put them to total rout.
" Dear Governor, it's not in my power to paint ont to you the disagree- able situation I was in, surrounded by a foe, with such a handfull of valuable men not only as soldiers but as fellow citizens and members of society, and nothing to be expected but the hatchet, spear and scalpiog knife. The tremendone yells and whoops, all the fiends in the confines of the Inferoal Regions, with one united cry, could not exceed it. Add to this the cries and petitious of the wounded around me not to leave " them, was beyood parallel or idea. My heart bleeds for the unfortunate wounded who fell into their hande. However, circonstancea give me a little consulation. Mr. Roger Townsend, of Goshen, received a wound in his thigh; being exceedingly thirsty, innking an attempt to go to find some water, was met by an Indian who very friendly took him by the hand and said he was his prisoner and would not hurt him. A well- directed bell from one of our meo put the lodiao into a dose, and Mr. Towosend ran back into the lines. I hope some little humanity may yet be found in the breasts of the savages.
" I should be at the greatest loss was I to attempt to point out any offi- cer or soldier that exceeded another in bravery during the time of the general action. Too much praise cannot he given to them for their at- teotioo in receiving orders and alacrity in executing them.
" I have acquiesced with Col. Woodhull in ordering one-eighth of our Regiments to Minisiok as a temporary guard notil your excellency's pleasure is known oo the subject.
"The Indians were under the command of Braut, who was either killed or wounded io the action. They burot Major Decker's house and barn, Saml. Davis's honse, barn and mill, Jacobus Van Vleck's house and harn, Daniel Vaooker's barn, (here was two Indians killed from a little Fort round the house, which was saved,) Esquire Cuykiodall's house and barn, Simon Westfall's house aod harn, the Church, Peter Cuykindall's house aod barn, Mertions Decker's fort, house, barn and saw mills, and Nehemiah Patterson's saw mill ; killed and ecalped Jere- miah Vanoker, Daniel Cole, Ephraion Ferguson and one Tavern, and took with them several prisoners, mostly children, with a great number of horses, cattle and valuable plunder. Some of the cattle we rescued aod returned to the owoers.
" I hope your Excellency will make allowances for the imperfect stile, razures and blotts of this line, whilst I have the honor to subscribe myself, with the most perfect esteem, in haste,
" Your Excellency's Most Obedt Servt, " JOHN ITATHORN, Col."
Detachments from Woodhull's, Allison's, and Ha- thorn's regiments were immediately sent to guard the frontier from further incursions. Their continuance in the field, however, was of short duration, for the moving of Sullivan's expedition up the Susquehanna, and of Clinton's co-operating command through the Mohawk Valley, drew the attention of Brant and his Tory allies to their own protection, and the scourging which they then received deterred them from again venturing upon the war-path.
A reason of quite an opposite character tended to relieve the militia of eastern Orange and southern Ulster from the active service in which they had par- ticipated for three years. The forts iu the High- lands having become of the utmost strategic impor- tance, Washington, with the main body of the Conti- nental army, encamped in their vicinity, and held in check the movements of the enemy. But without further service in the field,-a duty from which they were not fully relieved,-the record of their part in the drama of the Revolution will rank them with the most heroic of that heroic era.
* A question has been raised as to the time of the continuance of the action. It will be observed that in another place Col. Hlathorn gives the line of bis march as extending twenty-seven miles, Dine of which were traveled on the day of the action before the enemy was discovered. Some time was also spent in countermarching and formiog line of battle, the whole probably occupying the day until near nooo. A " continued fire of more than five honre" would have taken the time to about half- past five. It is evident that the object was to hold the place to as late an hour as possible that escape might be attended with the best ndvan- tages, and it is to this fact, perhaps, that no pursuit was made by the In- dians, and that so many fugitives made their way to their homes. Maj. Wood, io his jouroal, says the "conflict lasted almost the whole day," which apparently confirme the current account of the continuance until near twilight.
62
HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK.
CHAPTER VI.
REVOLUTIONARY EVENTS-PLEDGE OF ASSOCIATION.
EVENTS connected with the war of the Revolution, aside from military organizations and their services, mainly cluster around the associations which were formed in 1775 to maintain eivil government and sus- tain the action of the Continental Congress, and the operations of Claudius Smith's band of "cow-boys." True, there were other events which transpired in the district now constituting the county, as well as in that which was then embraced within its limits. The part taken by the people in erecting the forts in the High- lands and in obstructing the navigation of Hudson's River ; the story of Stony Point; the treason of Ar- nold and the capture and execution of André; the encampment of the Continental army in Smith's Clove and in New Windsor; the headquarters of Washington in New Windsor and Newburgh; the Temple, the Newburgh Letters, and the Society of the Cincinnati have their place in the county's annals. Nevertheless, they were events that have properly been remanded to the domain of general history, and have therein been exhaustively chronicled, and it would be a work of supererogation to repeat their de- tails. We turn, therefore, to the organization of the local
REVOLUTIONARY ASSOCIATIONS.
The war of the Revolution may be said to have been inaugurated by the Continental Congress of 1774. No matter what may have been the steps which led the colonists up to that point, the passage of the non-importation resolutions of 1774 was the point of departure from which neither the govern- ment nor the colonies could recede, -the issue of compulsion and resistance was by that act estab- lished. One of the leading features of these res- olutions was the call for the organization in every city, county, town, and preeinet of a "Committee of Safety and Observation." The city of New York took the lead by organizing a committee of one hun- dred, of which Isaae Low was chairman, and by sending circulars to all the towns and precinets in the province urging the formation of similar committees. About the same time a pamphlet entitled "Free Thoughts on the Resolves of Congress" made its ap- pearance and was scattered broadcast over the land. The people thus had the question fairly before them, and in their local meetings discussed the points in- volved. The distriet now included in the county was ripe for the movement. In original Orange the gen- eral sentiment was especially one of approval, for, notwithstanding the fact that the city of New York had selected the delegates to the Congress of 1774, the people of Orange determined to send a delegate of their own, and, at a convention held at Goshen, appointed Henry Wisner to represent them, whose voice and signature were given for non-importation,
while southern Ulster, the home of George Clinton, had approved his every act of opposition to the de- mands of the ministry. It is not with surprise, there- fore, that we read that in the precinets of Newburgh, New Windsor, Hanover, Wallkill, Goshen, and Corn- wall the pamphlet referred to was publicly burned and committees of safety organized.
The first duty of these committees was to provide for sending delegates to a provincial convention to be held in New York for the purpose of appointing del- egates to the Second Continental Congress at Phila- delphia. Scarcely had this work been completed, when, on the 29th of April, the committee of New York drew up and signed a pledge to observe and maintain the orders and resolutions of both the Con- tinental and Provincial Congresses, and sent it for sig- natures to all the precincts and counties in the prov- ince. It was an important proceeding. While local committees of safety had their place in giving expres- sion to the popular voice, the pledge of association, bearing the individual signatures of the people, was an evidence that could not be impeached. Another important feature was that it was virtually the organ- ization of a revolutionary government. It was in the following form :
" l'ersnaded that the salvation of the rights and liberties of America depend, under God, on the firm union of its inhabitants in a vigorous prosecution of the measures necessary for its safety; and convinced of the necessity of preventing anarchy and. confusion, which attend the dissolution of the powers of government, we, the freemen, freeholders, and inhabitants of -, do, in the most solemn manner, resolve never to become slaves; and do associate, under all the ties of religion, honor, and love of our country, to adopt aod endeavor to carry into execution whatever measures may be recommended by the Continental Congress, or resolved upon by our Provincial Convention, for the purpose of pre- serving our Constitution, and opposing the execution of the several ar- bitrary acts of the British Parliament, until a reconciliation between Great Britain and America, on constitutional principles (which we most ardently desire), can be obtained; and that we will in all things follow the advice of our General Committee respecting the purposes aforesaid, the preservation of peace and good order, and the safety of individuals and property."
With the return of the signatures to the general committee of New York the local organizations were complete, presenting as their representatives commit- tees of safety and observation charged with the exe- eution of whatever measures might be regarded as necessary by the general committee of New York. Almost immediately following this organization they were recognized by the Provincial Convention, and the local committees invested with power to appoint assessors and colleetors, while the county committees were to be "considered as supervisors according to the police of the city, county, town, or precinet" in which they had been chosen, and, with the assessors and colleetors, were directed to assess, raise. and eol- lect the quotas to be raised for the support of the revolutionary government, and were empowered to enforce collection " by distress upon the goods and chattels of the defaulters," as had been previously practiced in the collection of taxes for the erown. The power to arrest persons "inimieal" to the meas-
63
REVOLUTIONARY EVENTS.
ures which had been or might be taken was vested in the local committees; subsequently (1777) this power was greatly enlarged by the Continental Con- gress, and the local committees practically constituted marshals of the United States, with power to arrest under warrants charging the "Jevying of war against the United States of America, holding correspond- ence with and assisting the enemies of the said States," and of being "inimical to the cause of America." Whatever may have been their purpose and action in other provinces, in New York-where a government had to be created to supplant that which had been established by England-they became the government, the town committees, where it was ne- cessary, taking upon themselves the powers of town officers, county committees becoming boards of su- pervisors, the general committee of the province per- forming legislative duties in the recess of the Provin- cial Convention, the latter body becoming the supreme head of the Revolutionary movement until 1777, when a constitution was adopted,-the first republican con- stitution of the State of New York.
It may be proper to add that the county commit- Ktees were not all constituted in the same manner. In counties where the precinets had chosen committees, the latter bodies composed the county committee ; in counties where there were no precinct organizations, county committees might be formed of any number of the " friends of liberty ;" in other counties, where a majority of the precincts had chosen committees, it was provided that "if there be any district or dis- tricts that have not chosen committees, the county committee are to proceed in like manner as if such district or districts were actually represented in said county committee" in the assessment of taxes, etc. Many of the duties conferred upon connty commit- tees were not operative where the local authorities acted in accord with the opponents of the crown, and the assessment and collection of taxes was in their interest ; but in other respects they had powers grow- ing out of the necessities of the situation, among which was the following :
" If any person or persons shall hereafter oppose or deny the authority of the Continental or of this (Provincial) Congress, or the Committee of Safety, or the committees of the respective counties, cities, towns, manors, precincts, or districts in this colony, or dissuade any person or persons from obeying the recommendations of the Continental or this Congress, or the Committee of Safety, or the committee aforesaid, and be convicted thereof before the committee of the county, or any thirteen or more of their number, who shall or may meet upon a general call of the chairman of such committee where such person or persons may reside, that such committee shall cause such offenders to be disarmed; and for the second offense they shall be committed to close confinement, at their respective expense."
This explanation is given for two purposes: first, that the true character of the associations and committees may appear; and, second, that the impression which many entertain that a signature to the pledge is to be regarded as positive evidence of the loyalty of the per- son making it to the cause of independence, may be corrected. In the great majority of cases the impression
referred to is no doubt in accordance with the facts, in others it is not. There were a few-whose names appear as refusing to sign-who could, perhaps, be classed as "Tories" prior to the adoption of the Dec- laration of Independence. Men were only asked to give their approval to proposed measures "nntil a reconciliation should be effected." When the Decla- ration was adopted, John Alsop, in resigning his seat in the Continental Congress, voiced the sentiments of a minority of respectable members in saying, " As long as a door was left open for a reconciliation with Great Britain, upon honorable terms, I was willing and ready to render my country all the service in my power; but as you have, by that declaration, closed the door of reconciliation, I must beg leave to resign." Perhaps it is fortunate that an analysis of the lists cannot now be made with a view to show the position of each person in the broader field of rebellion to which the country was carried by the Declaration. That there were many and violent opponents raised up who had previously acquiesced in the measures for redress, will not be questioned by those familiar with the history of the Revolution. "Loyalists" and " Tories" then became familiar terms,-" Indians and Tories" a terror on the frontiers. Perhaps the Whigs committed excesses, or were too severe in committee administration ; but this at least is true, that they discriminated between their opponents, driving one class from the country, but suffering the other to en- joy their possessions, and their descendants to stand as the peers of their own children in the national temple which they had erected. It is not for the present or for future generations to appeal from the justice of that discrimination.
One other explanation. The signatures in Goshen precinct embraced the present town of Goshen, Ches- ter, Warwick, Wawayanda, Greenville, and part of Blooming-Grove ; Mount Hope and Deerpark appear in the precinct of Mamakating; Cornwall precinct embraced the present towns of Cornwall, Highlands, Monroe, part of Blooming-Grove, and a portion of the present county of Rockland; the precincts of Newburgh, New Windsor, and Wallkill will be rec- ognized as present towns, while the precinct of Han- over included the present towns of Montgomery and Crawford. It is this subdivision of the old precincts that prevents the assignment of names to towns as now constituted. The following were the signatures :
PRECINCT OF NEWBURGH.
Col. Jona. Hasbrouck.
Martin Weigand.
Thomas Palmer.
Wm. Foster.
Isaac Belknap.
Wol. Wilson.
William Darling.
WDI. Stillwell, Jr.
Wolvert Acker. Peter Donally.
John Belknap.
Charles Tooker.
Jolını Robinson. Leonard Smith, Jr.
Saml. Clark. Henry Smith.
Benj. Birdsall. James Wooden.
Benjamin Smith.
Thomas Smith.
James Waugh.
Caleb Case.
Ahel Belknap.
David Green.
64
HISTORY OF ORANGE COUNTY, NEW YORK.
Moses lligby, M.D.
Persons Refusing to Sign.
Henry Cropsey.
Nehemiah Fowler. Benjamin Lewis.
Wm. Harding.
John Gatea.
Stephen Wiggins.
Peter Aldrige.
Joseph Belknap. Jolın Stratton.
Israel Smith.
*Gilbert Purdy.
Jacob Fry.
Lewis Ilolt.
Thads. Smith.
Nathan Purdy.
James Perry.
Sanmuel Hallock.
Jacob Myers.
*John Wiggins.
James Patterson.
Samuel Sprague.
Saml. Concklin.
*James Leonard.
David Gedney.
Burroughs Holmes.
Isaac Brown, M.D.
*Morris Flewwelliag.
George Elais.
Samuel Bond.
Peter Tilton.
*Anthony Beatlebrou.
Nathan Purdy, Jr.
Thomas Campbell.
Joha Douaghy.
*Daniel Hains.
Daniel Purdy.
James Cosman.
Ste. Stephenson.
*Daniel Dentoo.
Daniel Purdy, Jr.
Lewis Clark.
John Griggs.
Daniel Denton, Jr.
John Hendrick.
Jonathan Sweet.
Saml. Smith.
*George Merritt.
*Isaac Bartou.
Reuben Tooker.
Jeremiah Ward.
Adam Patrick.
William Roach.
David Belknap.
Wm. Ward.
Daniel Birdsall.
Win. Russel.
Jolin Wiggins, Jr.
Theophilus Mozer.
Robert Lock wood.
John Tremper.
Joseph Gedney, Jr.
*Jonas Totten.
Benj. Knap.
Charles Willett.
George Devoll.
Daniel Dorland.
Saml. Westlake.
Jeremiah Dunn.
Thomas Fowler.
Daniel Rounds.
Josiah Ward.
Wm. Lawrence.
Stephen Wood.
John Morrel.
Silas Gardner.
Robert Weugh.
*Abel Flewwelling.
Moses Knap. David Wyett.
Wm. Keocaden.
Robert Beatty, Jr.
*Samuel Fowler.
Samuel Denton.
James Denton.
Abr'm Johnston.
Joseph Cope.
Thomas Orr, Jr.
John Foster,
Silas Sperry.
Ilazael Smith.
*Daniel Gedney.
John Cosmao.
David Mills.
Win. Wear.
Caleb Coffio.
Thomas Fish.
James Harris.
Wm. Lawrence, Jr.
Theo. Hagamen.
John Kernoghan.
Wm. Duno.
Robert Hanmer.
Nehemialı Carpenter.
Robert Ross.
Leonard Smith.
John Crowell.
War. Day.
Obadiah Weeka.
John Wandel.
Francis Hanmer.
Abel Thrall.
William Bloomer.
Phineas Corwin.
Abraham Garrison.
Moses Hunt.
James Marston.
Samuel Sands.
James Clinton.
Walter McMichael.
John Nicholson.
George Coleman.
James McClaugbry.
James Gage.
Richard Albertson.
Joha Saunders.
Matthew DuBois.
James Dunlap.
Benj. Lawrence.
George Westlake.
Robert Cook.
Robert Stuert.
Richard Buckingham.
Burger Weigand.
John Umphrey.
Samnel Wood.
Jacob Morewise.
Tuoig Keiter.
James Umphrey.
Nathaniel Garrison.
Nicholas Stephens.
Hugh Quigly.
George Umphrey.
Andrew Dickson.
Johannis Snider.
Daniel Darby.
Oliver Humphrey.
George Coleman (2).
Benjamin Robinson.
Isaac Brown, Jr.
James Mc Dowell.
l'eter John.
Andrew Sprague. Thomas Beaty.
Wio. Whitehead.
Robert Smith.
William Crawford.
Solo. Buckingham.
Daniel Goldsmithı.
Jonah Park.
John W. Miklan.
Wm. Bowdish.
Gabriel Travis.
Scudder Newman.
Francis Maios.
Jona. Belknap.
Nathaniel Weed.
James Humphrey (2).+
James Miller.
Jacob Tremper.
John Weed.
John Davis.
John Morrison.
Abraham Smith.
Daniel Duboise.
John Coleman.
Hugh Waterson.
Cornelius Wood.
Arthur Smith.
Joseph Young.
Caleb Dill.
John Lawrence.
Isaac Fowler.
Andrew Robinson.
John Dill.
George Hack. John Shaw. Corns. Hasbrouck.
Joseph Carpenter.
Hngh Polloy.
Jobn Crudge.
Isaac Demott.
Samuel Given.
Robert Boyd, Sr.
David Smith.
Robert Burnet, Jr.
Silas Wood.
Jolin Stratton.
Daniel Clark.
Timothy Mills.
Richard Wood.
Absalom Case.
Isaac Donaldson.
Joseph Duna.
Wm. Coneklin.
Daniel Morewise.
Charles Tooker.
John Smith. Isaac Fowler, Jr.
William Wright. Wm. White.
Nathaniel Coleman.
Daniel Kniffen.
George Leonard. Elnathan Foster.
Rob. Morrison, M.D.
Neal McLean. Wm. Palmer.
John Dolsoa.
Leonard Smith.
The "Committee of Safety and Observation" was appointed Jan. 27, 1775, and was composed of Wolvert Acker, Jonathan Hasbrouck, Thomas Palmer, John Belknap, Joseph Coleman, Moses Higby, Samuel Sands, Stephen Case, Isaac Belknap, Benjamin Bird- sall, and John Robinson.
PRECINCT OF NEW WINDSOR.
Samuel Gardiner.
Jacob Concklin.
Anning Smith.
Joseph Price.
Jonathan Pine.
Hope Mills.
James Clark.
Jonathan Bruabridge.
John Elms.
Joseph Ileadley.
Joseph Penny.
* Those marked with asterisk subsequently came before the committee and made affidavit of their intention to abide by the measures of the Continental Congress, and pay their quota of all expenses,-a pledge which some of them subsequently reconsidered.
+ (2) indicates that name appears twice without suffix of Jr. or Sr. The names are from the original list, which was not returned to the General Committee. It does not appear to be a complete list, there being known residents at the time whose names do not appear, nor is there a return of those refusing to sign.
David Crawford.
Jonathan Owen. Jehiel Clark. Reuben Holms,
Stephen Ontaran.
William Fulton.
Edward Miller.
Saml. Stratton.
James Taylor.
Robert Whigham.
Daniel Thurstin. John Fowler.
William Buchanan.
John Johnston.
Matthew Bell.
Ilezekiah Wyatt.
Alexander Telford.
Samuel Lamb.
Jacob Gillis.
Wiggins Conklin.
*Gabriel Travis.
David Horton.
John Stillwell, Luff Smith.
Benj. Darby.
Isaiah Purdy.
*John Flewwelling.
65
REVOLUTIONARY EVENTS.
Robert Thompson. Charles Nicholson.
John Morrison (2).
Henry McNeeley, Jr.
Alexander Taylor.
James Perry.
John Young. Jacob Comfort.
Capt. John Crage.
Jonah Parks.
Benj. Cuddeback, Jr.
Samıl, Patterson.
William Niclos. Robert Boyd, Jr.
Isaac Stonehouse.
William Johnston.
James Cunen. Peter Simpson.
James Denniston. Jacob Mills.
David Thompson.
Thomas Cook.
Nathaniel Liscomb.
Elisha Travis.
Daniel Clemence.
William Mulliner.
Eli Strickland.
Chas. Gillets.
Robert Couhan.
Isaac Belknap.
Capt. J. R. De Witt.
John Waugh.
Nathaniel Boyd (2).
Abner Skinner.
Joseph Hubbard.
William Gage.
Edward Petty.
Thomas Kytte.
G. Van Inwegen.
Alexander Kernahan.
Robert Johnston.
Joseph Drake.
Eliphalet Stevens.
William Stinson.
Joseph Sweezey.
Isaac Van Twill.
Adam Rivenburgh.
Heury Roberson.
Alexander Fulton.
Joseph: Westbrook. -
Steplien Larney.
Benjamin Homan. William Miller. William Telford.
David Clark.
Jacob Van Inwegen.
Valentine Wheeler. John Wallis.
John Burnet.
Gilbert Peet.
Reuben Babbett.
Jacobus Swartwout.
James Docksey.
Robert Milliken.
Gerardus Swartwout.
James M. Oliver.
Samuel Woodward.
W'm. Smith.
Jacobus Cuddeback.
William Miller (2).
Jonathan White.
Jep. Fuller.
Petrus Cuddeback.
Charles Byrn.
Alexander Beatty.
Joseph Thomas.
Rufus Stanton.
Jonathan Parshall.
John Close (Rev.).
Joseph Skinner.
Asa Kimball.
James Greer.
William Moffat.
John Travis. -
Zeli. Holcomb.
John Mills.
William Beatty.
John Travis, Jr.
Samuel Daley.
Thomas Eliot.
George Harris.
Robert Comfort.
Nathan Cook.
Robert Campbell.
Stephen King.
Eph. Furgison.
Henry Ellsworth.
Nathaniel Boyd.
John Murphy.
Moses Miller.
John Seybolt.
Charles Kernughan.
Benjamin Burnanı.
Jno. Barber.
David Wheeler.
Eliphalet Leonard.
Austin Beardsley.
John Fry.
Elisha Barber.
William Nichols.
Thomas Swafford.
George Gillespy.
Jonathan Davis.
Thomas McDowel.
Timothy White.
Henry Newkirk.
Gershom Simpson.
James Crawford.
Dennis Furshay.
Joseph Belknap. John Nicoll.
George Mavings.
Wm. Haxton.
John Gillaspy.
Robert Cook. (
Abraham Smedes.
William Rose.
Joseph Shaw.
James Williams.
Abraham Rosa.
James Blizard.
Jacob Rosa.
Thomas Combs.
Stephen Halcomb.
Ebenezer 1Ialcomb.
Moses Roberts.
Abr. Cuddeback.
Daniel Roberts.
Aldert Rosa.
Jeremiah Shaver.
David Gillaspy.
Joseph Ogden. Elias Miller.
Abrm. Cuddeback, Jr.
Fred. Benaer.
George I. Denniston.
Jonathan Brooks.
Jonathan Strickland.
Ebenezer Parks.
Johannes Miller.
Petrus Gumaer. -
John Douglass.
J. De Witt Gumaer, -
Joseph Randall.
Ezekiel Gumaer.“
Thos. Gillaspy.
Elias Gumaer. -
Daniel Walling.
Moses Depny, Jr.
Daniel Walling, Jr.
Jonathan Wheeler. Thomas Lake.
Matthew Terwilliger. Johannes Wash. Daniel Woodworth,
Matthew Neely. John Harding.
Nathaniel Travis.
Eph. Thomas.
Ezekiel Travis. -
Abm. McQuin.
Joseph Travis.
Joseph Arthur.
Isaac Rosa.
Daniel Decker.
Abr. Smith.
John Brooks.
Leonard Hefinessey.
David Daley.
No return of names. Committee: Abimael Young, chairman, James Wilkins, Hezekiah Gale, Moses Phillips, and Henry Wisner, Jr., Jan. 30, 1775.
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