USA > New York > Dutchess County > History of education in Dutchess County > Part 11
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11
Jefferson's plan for free schools, had the bill been passed, would have corresponded quite similarly with the present system of public schools. The counties of Virginia were to be divided up into hundredths; these divisions cor- respond to the school districts of today. The qualified voters were to elect three county aldermen who were to build, have charge of, and maintain the schools. Both boys and girls were to be educated. The plan provided that all children should have three years of elementary education free. If children attended the elementary school for a longer time, their parents were to pay tuition.
The Jefferson plan also provided for the appointment by the aldermen of a superintendent of schools. He was to be a man "of learning, integrity, and fidelity to the common- wealth." Each superintendent was to have charge of ten schools, and his duties were to be much like those of present day superintendents : he was to hire teachers, examine pupils, visit the schools, and have general control of them. The schools were to be financed in the same manner as other coun- ty activities.
Jefferson also attempted in this plan to provide for high schools. High school districts were to be made up of several elementary school districts. These high schools were to be built on plots of one hundred acres; the buildings and their maintenance to be paid for out of public funds. Boys were to be selected from the elementary schools on the basis of their promise and they would then get free education, at the secondary school level. Jefferson was not a professional educator, yet we owe much to him for the pattern of public education.
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN: (1706-1790) Franklin, along with his many other activities, was interested in edu- cation. He was born in Boston, and went to school there. but he did not share the philosophy of Horace Mann or John Adams. They believed that education was a state function. Franklin maintained that it was an individual function. He objected to taxation, but thought money for education should
124
be contributed by people who were interested in organizing and maintaining schools. He also thought that plans should be made, if necessary, for the education of the poor. If pub- lic money was to be used, it was for pauper education. Many people of Pennsylvania also held this view, and for years in Pennsylvania public education was looked upon as education of the poor.
Franklin proposed no system of education, but he was instrumental in establishing an academy in 1751. Franklin believed that education should be practical, and did not ap- prove of the Latin and Greek taught in the Latin Grammar Schools. He maintained that all education should be in Eng- lish. He also thought the subject matter of schools should be something to prepare the child for an occupation.
In his plan for the curriculum for his newly established academy, Franklin suggests wide use of prizes. He also sug- gests that two "scholars" be paired in spelling. Each was to ask the other to spell ten new words correctly to receive a prize, "a pretty, neat book of some kind."
Franklin's contribution to education was the academy. These soon spread across the country, thus crowding out the Latin Grammar Schools.
HORACE MANN : (1796-1859) Mann is often referred to as the father of our public schools. He was educated as a lawyer, and did practice law for fourteen years. After re- tiring from law practice, Mann worked in the field of educa- tion. He was determined to do something for the schools of Massachusetts. The schools lacked adequate financial sup- port, the terms were short, the buildings and equipment were poor and there was a scarcity of properly prepared teachers. Actually there was no provision for the prepara- tion of teachers in Massachusetts, or in any other state, and there were no superintendents of schools to supervise teach- ers. There was a scarcity of good textbooks.
Through his efforts the first normal school was estab- lished in Lexington, Mass., in 1839. He, more than anyone else, started the movement that provided America with nor- mal schools. He taught that education should be nonsectar- ian, universal, and free, and established a system of educa- tion for the State of Massachusetts.
Having fought for free public education in Massachu-
125
setts with great success, Mann was also interested in extend- ing some of his reforms to the college level. Therefore in 1853 he founded Antioch College at Yellow Springs, Ohio, a non- sectarian college, that was co-educational. These were both revolutionary ideas for the times.
NEW YORK STATE BOARD OF REGENTS
The Board of Regents first met in New York City, May 4-5, 1784. The present Board of Regents contains 13 mem- bers, who each run for 13 years on a staggered basis, which is an attempt to keep some new members on the board. The board is under the jurisdiction of the New York State Legis- lature, and the members are in proportion to their congres- sional districts. Therefore, as the population increases, the members of the board will increase. A new member, to re- place a retiring one, must come from the same congressional district as the old member. The members of the board are not paid, but they do receive money for the day of meeting plus travel expenses. No special degrees are required to become a member of the the Board of Regents, however, past mem- bers are usually well educated. Women are allowed to be- come members, but it is unusual. The Board of Regents is elected by the people.
No person concerned with labor is nominated; the usual nominees are people in the business or professional fields. The Board of Regents elects the Commissioner of Education. The commissioner can come from any place in the U. S., and there is no specific term of office for this po- sition. The only restriction the board has in choosing the commissioner is that he must be a qualified educator from the United States.
The two main functions of the Board of Regents are :
1. To make general policy for the state.
2. Select Commissioner of Education.
Teacher certification is done by the state and guaran- tees equality of teachers in all parts of the state, and there- fore sets the standards for teachers.
Based on Lecture Notes. Summer School, New Paltz State Teachers' College, 1956.
126
STATISTICS ON POUGHKEEPSIE HIGH SCHOOL - Forbus Street
CAPACITY AND COSTS
Capacity 1600
Bond Issue $2,975,000
Bids were received on March 12, 1955, as follows:
General Construction $1,330,000.00
Heating and Ventilating 295,965.00
Plumbing 121,774.00
Electrical 268,800.00
Additions after contract signed
100,000.00
TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST $2,116,539.00
Equipment
420,000.00
Exterior Work and Play Fields
220,000.00
Fees and other expenses TOTAL
177,000.00
$2,923,539.00
Area: Square Feet
176,000
Construction cost per ft.
$12.02
Construction cost per pupil
$1,322.00
School Opened-September 7, 1956
CONSTRUCTION
Basement Walls: Reinforced concrete
Exterior Walls:
Face brick and concrete block
Floors:
Steel joists, concrete slab, vinyl tile
Ceilings:
Mineral acoustical tile
Windows:
Aluminum
Corridor Walls:
Cement enamel
Heating: Unit ventilators, dual control, fully automatic
Electrical : Fluorescent, 30 ft. candles maintained
FACILITIES
EQUIPMENT:
Intercom telephone, electric time and signal, fire alarm, radio and TV, built-in lockers, elevators for the use of crippled and han- dicapped pupils.
GYMNASIUM:
Main Gym, 104' x 134', seating capacity 1,700, two folding parti- tions dividing gym into four separate teaching stations. In addi- tion two smaller gyms, Orthopedic and Physical Education.
CAFETERIA:
Two separate rooms with a total seating capacity of 456. Kitchen with two lines of service and a separate snack bar.
BUSINESS DEPARTMENT:
Six rooms including Distributive Education and complete store with show windows.
SCIENCE DEPARTMENT:
Seven laboratories, several separate research labs, plant room, animal room, etc.
LIBRARY:
Capacity 12,000 volumes with three conference rooms, speech workshop with stage, recording room, audio-visual, storage, listen- ing booths, etc.
GUIDANCE DEPARTMENT:
Seven offices and waiting room.
HEALTH SUITE:
Has small classroom for teaching nursing as well as offices for doctor and nurse, waiting room, etc.
127
ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES:
Principal, Assistant Principal, Secretary and General Office with conference room and work room.
TEACHERS' ROOMS:
Are located centrally on each floor and each department, English, Math, Science, etc., has a conference room close by.
AUDITORIUM:
With balcony will seat about 1,460. A large stage having a pro- scenium opening of 50' will accommodate the yearly graduation class of 300 or a 90-piece symphony orchestra. Other rooms in this area provide space for Choral Group and School Band. Five small practice rooms of varying size also serve as dressing rooms. HOME MAKING:
Has four separate laboratories, viz: a sewing room, living room, food laboratory, and laundry / workshop. ARTS AND CRAFTS:
This large room provides facilities for all branches of art teaching. GENERAL CLASSROOMS:
(26 in number) are located mainly on the second floor and vary in size from 600 to 770 square feet. Each room has a storage wall of cabinets, closets, sink, etc.
VOCATIONAL DEPARTMENT:
Has an area of 26,000 sq. ft., providing facilities for machine shop, printing, electrical construction, electrical machinery, electronics, radio, auto mechanics, metalwork, woodwork, general trades, power sewing, and beauty culture. Mechanical drawing room, technical science rooms, teachers' room, storage rooms, etc.
SITE IMPROVEMENTS:
In addition to regular landscape and roadwork this will consist of the following Physical Education facilities: Football field, running track, baseball diamond, tennis courts, soccer fields, and 4 play fields.
All statistics on Poughkeepsie High School were based on those fur- nished by the architect, the late ROLF C. DREYER, whose cooperation was greatly appreciated.
STATE AID SYSTEM OF NEW YORK STATE*
State Aid in New York State is distributed on the basis of the equalization principle, which means simply that the poorer the district the more state aid it receives.
This equalization principle was adopted in 1925. New quotas have become available to various types of districts upon compliance with certain requirements.
Inasmuch as State Aid to education is subject to change by legislative action from year to year, it is planned, as a matter of policy, to supplement the information and proced- ures contained within as future changes are made.
Money for support of schools of New York State is ap-
* Based on material in State Aid Manual compiled by Bureau of School Financial Aid Planning.
128
1
propriated annually by the Legislature. The funds for these appropriations are derived from state taxation and from the Common School Fund. The interest from these permanent school funds, however, provides only a small proportion of the total amount prescribed by the Education Law.
- State appropriations mainly come from the General Fund, made up of income from :
a. Personal Income Taxes.
b. General Business Taxes - (Corporations, Utilities, unincorpor- ated businesses, etc.)
c. Excise on Consumption - (Motor vehicles, motor fuel, alcoholic beverages, cigarettes.)
d. Taxes on transfers and exchanges - (stocks, estates, parimu- tuels.)
e. Other Taxes - (racing, movies, boxing, etc.)
f. Miscellaneous revenue - (property sales, refunds, reimburse- ments.)
For the year ending June 30, 1954, State Aid for public schools was approximately $294,835,638.00. For the same year, the public schools expenditure, exclusive of monies re- ceived from bond sales and certificates of indebtedness, were approximately $790,000,000.00. In other words, the state supported about 37% of the costs for public education in 1953-54. The school districts supported the other 63% through revenue from local sources. It is expected that new legislation will increase the state share to 42% .
Practically all local income comes from property taxes. In 1954, local permissive taxes were made available for edu- cational purposes; these are such things as local and county sales taxes, etc. To date Erie County and a few cities have instituted certain of these taxes.
State aid is paid annually in three payments to the county treasurer, who in turn pays the treasurer of each school district. These payments are made on the following dates :
September 15
Estimated 14 payment June 15
144
April 15 Final 16
The only exceptions are to "deferred" cities. These are certain school districts which have a fiscal year identical with the calendar year-they receive their payments as follows :
January 15 Estimated 14 payment "
April 15
1%,
September 15
Final
To determine the amount of State Aid a district is to
129
receive, certain criteria have been set up. The most import- ant of these is the average daily attendance. A record of at- tendance is kept by the teacher for the actual number of days school is in session for instruction and examination in elementary grades and for actual number of days only for which attendance is taken in high school.
A total of 190 days is required. Legal holidays do not include Good Friday, the day after Thanksgiving, fair days, field days, or other holidays which are not designated as legal holidays.
If school is closed for contagious diseases, adverse weather, impairment of heating facilities, shortage of fuel or destruction of school building, and the teachers are paid for this period, such days may be counted toward the 190 required, but are not used in the determination of average daily attendance.
Full valuation is also included in figuring state aid. Full valuation is often referred to as "actual" or "true" valuation, and is used in the computation of State Aid for any school district. It is determined by first obtaining the assessed valuation of the taxable real property. This assess- ed valuation is then divided by the equalization rate (s) estab- lished by the State Board of Equalization and Assessment for the assessment roll of each town, city, or county.
There are certain differences in rates for different kinds of districts, which are too involved for this survey. Among the different types of districts are: State Aid for districts not maintaining a school, but contracting with other districts, districts including Central Schools, employing less than 8 teachers, Central School Districts with 8 or more teachers, districts employing 8 or more, Central High School Districts, etc.
Transportation of pupils is reimbursable by State Aid under the so-called transportation quota. Transportation may be provided in any of the following ways:
a. District owned buses.
b. Buses leased from another school district, or a county vocational education and extension board.
c. Privately owned buses engaged under a written contract.
d. Public Service buses operated on franchised routes.
e. Horse-drawn vehicles engaged under written contract.
f. Boats under certain conditions.
130
The following types of districts are eligible to receive transportation quotas :
a. Common School Districts.
b. Consolidated School Districts.
c. Union Free School Districts.
d. Central School Districts.
e. School districts employing a Superintendent of Schools, but excluding city school districts.
State Aid is also given to school districts for special classes and special teachers.
Children for whom the cost of special services is reim- bursable are :
1. Physically handicapped children.
2. Children with retarded mental development.
3. Delinquent children.
4. Non-English speaking children.
The cost of the following services is also reimbursable :
1. Special classes for all handicapped children.
2. Special teachers for physically handicapped children con- fined to the home, hospital, or institution (home teaching).
3. Special teachers assisting regular classroom teachers providing educational services for non-English speak- ing children, etc.
4. Tuition for children attending special classes in another school district for physically handicapped and mentally retarded children.
5. Transportation of physically handicapped and mentally retard- ed children.
Before State Aid can be claimed, approval of these services must be obtained by the school district from other units of the State Education Department.
State Aid can also be claimed on a building quota. How- ever, at present this is only paid to Central School Districts. The percentage is based on proposed total cost of building, including site, etc.
City Districts are under a different section of State Aid law than county districts. If a city district has less than 125,000 inhabitants, the state law makes it legal to enlarge city school districts to include smaller districts which are contiguous to such city districts, if the city so desires.
It should also be mentioned that the State Aid law is always being changed. New formulas are constantly being revised to try to develop a successful system of State Aid. This only briefly explains the system of giving State Aid in New York State, but from this one can see both how import- ant State Aid is and how complex.
181
1
BIBLIOGRAPHY
LOCAL HISTORIES
Annual Reports of Board of Education: 1892-96. City of Poughkeepsie. Bailey, Henry D. B. Local Tales and Historical Sketches. Fishkill Landing, N. Y .: John W. Spright, 1874.
Bayne, Martha Collins. County at Large. A Norrie Fellowship Re- port. Poughkeepsie, N. Y .: The Women's City and County Club with Vassar College, 1937.
Dutchess County, American Guide Series. Sponsored by Women's City and County Club of Dutchess County, N. Y. Philadelphia: Wil- liam Penn Assn., 1937.
Dutchess County Historical Society Yearbook, Vol. 13, 1928; Vol. 11, 1926.
Hasbrouck, Frank. The History of Dutchess County, N. Y. Ed. Frank Hasbrouck. Poughkeepsie, N. Y .: S. A. Matthieu, 1909. Historical and Genealogical Record: Dutchess and Putnam Co., N. Y. Poughkeepsie, N. Y .: A. V. Haight Co., 1912.
Hunt, Thomas. A Historical Sketch of the Town of Clermont. Hudson, N. Y .: The Hudson Press, 1928.
Huntting, Isaac. History of Little Nine Partners of North East Pre- cinct and Pine Plains, N. Y. Vol. I. Amenia, N. Y .: Chas. Walsh & Co., 1897.
MacCracken, Henry Noble. Old Dutchess Forever. New York: Hast- ings House, 1956.
Morse, Howard H. Historic Old Rhinebeck. Tarrytown-on-Hudson, N. Y .: Pocantico Printery, Flocker and Hicks, 1908.
Platt, Edmund. The Eagle's History of Poughkeepsie (from the ear- liest settlements, 1683-1905.) Poughkeepsie, N. Y .: Platt & Platt, 1905.
Reese, William Willis. Eighteenth Century Records of Dutchess County, N. Y. Collected by William W. Reese, President of Dutchess County Historical Society, ed. by Helen W. Reynolds, Vol. 6, 1938. Smith, James H. History of Dutchess County, N. Y., with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pio- neers. Assisted by Hume H. Cale and William E. Roscoe. Syra- cuse, N. Y .: D. Mason & Co., 1882.
Southeastern New York, Vol. 1. Compiled and edited by: Louise Has- brouck Zimm, Rev. A. Elwood Corning. Joseph W. Emsley, and Willet C. Jewell. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Co., Inc., 1946.
OTHER BOOKS
Brubacher, John H. A History of the Problems of Education. New York: McGraw Hill Book Co., 1947.
Brueckner, Leo J. The Changing Elementary School: Report of the Regents' Inquiry. New York: Inor Publishing Co., Inc., 1940. Burton, William H. Introduction to Education. New York: Appleton- Century Co., 1934.
Chase, Mary Ellen. A Goodly Heritage. New York: Henry IIolt & Co., 1932.
Cubberly, Ellwood P. Public Education in the United States. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1934.
Cubberly. Ellwood P. A History of Education. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1920.
DeYoung, Chris A. An Introduction to American Public Education. New York: McGraw Hill Book Co., 1942.
Dexter, Edwin Grant. A History of Education in the U. S. New York: MacMillan Co., 1904. Chapters 2 and 5, ( New York State).
134
Duggan, S. P. A Student's Textbook in the History of Education. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts Co., 1948.
Finney, R. L. American Public Schools. New York: MacMillan Co., 1921.
Finney, Ross L. A Brief History of the American Public Schools. New York: MacMillan Co., 1925.
Flick, Alexander C. History of the State of New York. Vol. 2 and Vol. 4. Pub. under the auspices of the New York Historical Assn. New York: Columbia University Press, 1933.
Frasier, George Willard. An Introduction to the Study of Education. New York: Harper & Bros., 1956.
Hodge. D. Emma Wilbur and Hodge, Lamont Foster. A Century of Service to Public Education; (the centennial history of the New York State Teachers' Assn.) Albany, N. Y .: The New York State Teachers' Assn., 1945.
Horner, Harlan Hoyt. Education in New York State, 1784-1954. Com- piled and edited by Harlan Hoyt Horner. Albany, N. Y .: The Uni- versity of the State of New York, The State Education Dept., 1954. Lawler, E. State Support for Public Education. National Survey of School Finance, American Council on Education, 1933.
Monroe, Paul. Founding of the American Public School Systemn. Vol. 1. New York: MacMillan Co., 1940.
New Eigland Primer (The). Edited by Paul Leicester Ford. A reprint of the earliest known edition, with historical introduction. New York: Dodd Mead & Co., 1899.
Noble, Stuart G. A History of American Education. New York: Far- rar, 1938.
O'Callaghan, E. B. Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York. Albany, N. Y .; Weed, Parson & Co., printers, 1861.
Old Favorites from the McGuffey Readers. Edited by Harvey C. Min- nich (creator of the McGuffey Museum). New York: American Book Co., 1936.
Raesly, Ellis Lawrence. Portrait of New Netherland. New York: Co- lumbia University Press, 1945. Chapter 9.
Report of the Committee of Ten. Published for the National Educational Assn. New York: American Book Co .. 1894.
75th Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New York. Albany, N. Y .: Charles Van Benthuysen, printer, 1862. Slosson, Edwin E. The American Spirit in Education. Vol. 33, The Chronicles of America Series. Ed. Allan Johnson. Abraham Lin- coln Edition. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1921.
Strang, H. I. Exercises in English. Boston: D. C. Heath & Co., 1888. Whitney, William. The Socialized Recitation. New York: A. S. Barnes Co., 1915.
World Almanac (The) for 1956. New York: New York World Telegram and Sun, 1956.
Wrinkle, William L. and Gilchrist, Robert S. Secondary Education for American Democracy. New York: Rhinehart & Co., Inc., 1942.
MAGAZINES, NEWSPAPERS AND PAMPHLETS
Handbook for Students. Arlington High School. 1956-57. Poughkeepsie Sunday New Yorker.
Fox D. Holden, Supt. of Public Schools, City of Poughkeepsie, N. Y. "Historical Background on Poughkeepsie School System." P. 3A, April 18, 1943.
Mrs. Lionel Lawrence, principal. Feature stories: "Principal Traces Growth of Spackenkill Free School, Looks Ahead to Unit's Expansion." P. 1C, November 25, 1956.
Poughkeepsie New Yorker.
"Spackenkill Renews Fight to Retain District." Front page. Thurs- day, April 11, 1957.
135
"Hunger Upholds Junior H. S. in Face of Teachers' Attack." Front page, Friday, April 12, 1957.
"Paretti Makes New Demand for Vote on Jr. High School." Front page, Saturday, April 13, 1957.
"Better Guidance Possible At Jr. High Level, Says May," Back page, Monday, February 2, 1959.
Schools, A Community's Best Investment. No. 1. Facts and figures concerning Proposed Elementary School and Junior-Senior High School Addition. Presented by Board of Education and the Citi- zens' Committee. Published by Arlington High School, 1952.
Schools, A Community's Best Investment. Vol. No. 2. Facts and fig- ures for Proposed New Elementary Schools at Lime Ridge and Overlook and Pleasant Valley School Addition. Also Supplement No.1. Prepared by Board of Education and the Citizens' Commit- tee. Published by Arlington School District, 1955-56.
State Aid Manual. Compiled by Bureau of School Financial Aid Plan- ning. Division of School Financial Aid. Albany, N. Y .: New York State Education Department, June, 1956.
The Nation's Schools. Raymond L. Collins, "Dutchess County Central- izes." August, 1941. Vol. 28, No. 2.
Thrift Messenger. Published by Poughkeepsie Savings Bank (period- ically). Vol. XVI, No. 1. March, 1937.
136
1
INDEX
Academies, N. Y. State, 23-27 Act for Encouragement of Schools, 19, 43, 112 Money distributed, 47
Administration Building, keepsie, 64, 73 Advertisements, 42, 43
Pough-
Comenius, John Amos, 119
Alphabet Rhymes, 3
American Journal of Education, 5
Anderson School, 113
Arlington High School, 78
Cook's Collegiate Institute, 59
Arlington School District, 76, 78, Cottage Hill School, 60 83-85, 92, 93, 112 Crow Hill School, 113 Cuban School, 59 Art Instruction, 65
Bard College, 114
Bard Infant School, 50
Barnard, Henry, 5
Bartlett, Charles, 50, 51
Battles for Free Schools, 5, 6 Beekman School, 84
Beekman, Town of, 38
Bennett Junior College, 114
Bisbee, Otis, 50, 51, 59
Board of Education, Poughkeepsie, 60, 64, 72, 75, 90
Board of Education Report, 75 Brinkerhoffville, 35
British Occupation of Manhattan, 15 Brooks Institute, 59 Bulls Head School, 99
Cannon Street School, 78 Cardinal Farley Military Academy, 114
Catholic Colleges, 114
Catholic Elementary Schools, 113
Catholic High Schools, 113 Centralization, 78-81, 83-86, 105, 107 Central School District, N. Y., 28 Chelsea-Brockway School, 99 Chicomico, 34 Christ Church School, 58
Church of England, 3, 17, 36 Church Schools, 33-37, 114 City of Schools, 58-60, 105 Clermont, N. Y., 18, 104 Clinton, Dewitt, 17
Clinton, George, 17, 43 Clinton, Town of, 80 College Avenue School, 76 College Hill, 50, 51
Dame School, 60
Davis Avenue School, 76, 78 DeGarmo Institute, 52, 112
DeGarmo, James, 52
Dewey, John, 70, 76, 77, 106, 111 District School, 49
Division of Child Development and Parent Education, 23
Division of Elementary Education, 23
Dr. Bockee's School for Girls, 59
Domani Backerus, 34
Dover Plains, 75, 105
Dover Plains Union Free School, 75
Draper, Andrew Sloan, 21
Dreyer, Rolf C., 100, 127-128
Dutch Schools, 13-15, 35
Dutchess County
Academy, 43
Academies, First Mention, 35
Bounds of, Original, 30
Church, First, 34
Community College, 102, 113, 114 Creation of, 30
Early Settlers, 31
First Explored, 32 First Seen, 30
First Settlement, 34
Population, 33, 68, 81, 82, 85, 97, 104
Public School, First, 54
Sales Tax proposed, 99, 100 School, First, 33 Spelling of, 32
Village School, first mention, 37
Dutchess County Academy, 43-45, 53, 64, 112 Dutchess Day School, 114 Dutchess Seminary, 58
139
-
Collegiate School, Inc., 13 Columbia University, 17, 36 Columbus Day, 71, 72
Columbus School, 61, 73, 81, 91
Committee of Ten, 70, 111 Common School Fund, 19, 47, 105 Community College, 102, 113, 114
Consolidated School System, 8 Continuation School, 73
Early School Terms, 38 Early Settlers, 31 Eastman Business College, 60 Elsworth School, 72 Emotionally Disturbed, School for, 114 Erasmus Hall Academy, 24
Jewett, Milo, 60 John Leslie's School, 59 Junior High School, 9, 10, 27, 100-102, 106-107 First, 10
Fairview School, 115
Farrell, Anna M., 98
Father of Common Schools, 20
First Board of Education, 55
First Free Public School, 55 Opposition to, 52-54 First Public School in U. S., 13
Fishkill, 34, 43, 64, 105
Fishkill Plains School, 86. 99
Fishkill School, 86
Franklin, Benjamin, 5, 10, 124
Franklin D. Roosevelt High School, 79 Franklin School, 73, 81 Free School Society, 7
Free School System in N. Y. State, 20 Froebel, Friedrich, 122
Gibbs, Althea, 50
Gothic School, 78
Gov. Clinton School, 59, 73, 81
Graham, Chauncy, 35-37, 42, 105, 112 Greer School, 114
Gretna School, 76, 78
Hager, John Frederick, (Rev.), 35
Hall, James F., 102
Harvard College, 1
Hawley, Gideon, 20
Herbart, Johann Friedrich, 122 High Schools, 10, 11, 27 First, 10
High Valley School, 113
Hillside School, 92
May, Arthur R., 102
McGuffey Reader, 67
McKeon, Levi, 60
Middle Colonies, 4
Millbrook School, 113
Millbrook, South, 45, 49
Mills. Caleb, 5
Miss Hyde's School, 60
Missionaries of the Moravian Church, 34
Miss Powers' Primary School, 59
Miss Thomas' Boarding School, 59 Monitorial School, 7
Moon, Ward C., 72, 78
Moore's Mills, 49
Morse School, 73, 81, 89 Music Instruction, 62
James S. Evans School, 86 Jefferson, Thomas, 4, 123
Kalamazoo Case, 11, 70, 106 Kegan, E. Joseph, 86
Key, George W., 87
Kindergarten, 5, 21, 22, 60
Kingston, 34
Krieger School, 73, 81
Krissler Business Institute, 109, 113
LaGrange School, 84
Lancaster, Joseph, 7
Lancaster School, 7, 59, 60
Law of 1642, 1
Lawrence, Lionel, (Mrs.), 95
Lewis, Morgan, 80
Lewis, Samuel, 5
Libraries, 78 Lincoln School, 72
Little Red School House, 91, 92, 102. 115
Livingston, Henry, 36
Livingston, John H., 36
Livingston Manor, 31, 112
Livingston, Robert, 31, 36, 37
Livingston School, 73
Luther, Martin, 119
Lydia Booth's Female Seminary, 60 Lyndon Hall, 59
Mann, Horace, 5, 111, 125 Mansion Square Female Academy. 60 Manual Training, 77
Maplebrook School, 115
Mary Herrick's Primary School, 59
1
Home Institute, 59
Hooks and Trammels, 40
Hopewell School, 40-41, 112
Hudson, Henry, 30, 112
Hunger, Edwin L., 101, 102
Hyde Park, 49, 50, 79, 92
Hyde Park Central School Dis- trict, 79, 113
Hyde Park Grade School, 79
International Business Machines Corp., 82-83, 113
140
New Amsterdam, 13-15, 30, 31 New England, 1-3 New England Primer, 2, 3, 39
New Paltz State Teachers' College, 101,107 New York City Teachers' Associ- ation, 101 Nine Partners School, 45-47, 112 Normal Schools, 5, 20 First, 5 North East, Town of, 42, 48 Nursery Schools, 114 Nursing Schools, 115
Oakwood School, 113 O'Conner, Vincent, 91
Old Deluder Satan Act, 1, 111
One-Room School, description of, 65-68
Oswego Boarding School, 49 Otis Bisbee's High School for Boys, 59 Our Lady of Lourdes High School, 89,113 Overlook School, 84
Panic of 1873, 64 Paretti, Samuel M., 101
Pelham Institute, 59
Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich, 121
Physical Education, 77
Pierce, John D., 5
Pine Plains, 34, 42, 48, 49, 50, 65, 81, 92, 112
Pine Plains Union Free School, 65 Pleasant Valley School, 76, 78, 84
Population Statistics, 33, 68, 81, 82, 85,97,104 Poughkeepsie, 37, 43, 50, 52-55, 58-62, 64, 65, 68, 72, 75, 76, 77, 78, 81, 87-93, 100-102, 104, 105, 107
Poughkeepsie Boarding School for Young Ladies, 59
Poughkeepsie Collegiate Institute, 50,51,112 Poughkeepsie Day School, 92, 114 Poughkeepsie Female Academy, 51 Poughkeepsie Female Collegiate Institute, 59 Poughkeepsie Female Seminary, 60 Poughkeepsie High School, 87, 89, 93, 127
Poughkeepsie Military Institute, 51 Poughkeepsie Plan, 64, 106 Poughkeepsie Trade School, 60 Private Schools, 58-60 Progressive Education Assn., 77
Prospectus for Rural Teachers Handbook, 23
Public School Districts, 115 Public School in U. S., First, 13 Public School Society of the City of New York, 19 Public Works Administration, 78, 81 Putnam County, 47 Putnam Hall, 59
Quincy School, 59
Raymond, Allen, 91 Raymond Avenue School, 78, 85
Red Hook, 33, 34, 92
Red Hook Central School District, 81 Red School House, 99 Reformed Dutch Church, 34 of Dutchess County, 34 of Fishkill, 34
Reformed Dutch Missionaries, 34
Regents, Board of, 16, 18, 19, 21, 24, 28, 43, 53, 104, 126
Retarded Student Program, 90-92 Rhinebeck, 34, 35, 38, 49, 51, 52, 62, 63, 65, 75, 81, 99, 104, 106
Rhinebeck Academy, 52, 64, 112
Rhinebeck Country School, 115
Rhinebeck High School, 63, 75
Rhinebeck Union Free School, 75
Rhinecliff School, 75
Rice, Victor, 21 Riverview Academy, 51, 60
Roelantsen, Adam, 13, 15
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 78-80
Roosevelt, James, 80 Rotating School, 7
Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 120 Rules for Conducting a School, 38
Safety Education, 81 St. Mary's School, 59, 73
St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church, 33
St. Paul's of Wurtenburgh, 49
St. Peter's Church, 64 Sales Tax for Education, 99-100
Samuel Bell's Classical School, 52
Sarah Woodcock's School, 60 School Commissioner, 20
School for Practical Agriculture and Horticulture, 59 School Terms, length of, 22
Schools for Retarded Children, 115 Second Christ Church School, 59 Seymour Smith Academy, 50, 65 Shenandoah School, 97-99
Sight Conservation Classes, 91 Silloway, Caroline, 59 Smith-Hughes Act, 27
141
Socialism, 76 Societies, as School Districts, 42 Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, 17 South East Avenue School, 73
Southern Colonies, 3, 4
Spackenkill Union Free School, 93- 97,112 Spaller, Johannes, 35 Special Classes, 90-92
Split Session Classes, 90
Stanford, 38
State Aid, 42, 43, 83, 128-131
State and National Law School, 60 State Board of Education, First, 5 State Course of Study, 22 State Department of Public In- struction, 20, 21, 22, 105 State Education Department, 22, 101, 105
State Legislation for Schools, First, 18
Storm, Harold C., 84
Stuyvesant, Peter, 15
Summer Play Grounds, 77
Sunnyside School, 78
Superintendent of Common Schools, 19, 20, 105 Superintendent of Schools, Pough- keepsie, 65
Textbooks, 2, 39, 43, 47, 67, 76 Trade School, 73 Trinity-Pawling School, 113
Ulster County, 31 Union Free School Act, 21
Vas, Peter, (Rev.), 34 Vassar College, 114 Vassar Road School, 86
Viewpoint School, 113 Village Schools, 37-42, 48-49
Violet Avenue School, 79 Vocational Education, 78 Vocational Law, 27
Wadsworth, Benjamin, 32 Wappingers Central School Dis- trict, 80, 85-87, 93, 95, 96, 98, 113 Warring, Charles B., 50, 51 Warring Military Academy, 51 Warring School, 51, 73, 81, 91
Washington Hollow School, 78 Willett, Deborah, 46
Willett, Jacob, 46-47, 105 William W. Smith School, 73, 81
Wolpert, Helen C., 91, 92 Writing Instructor, 65
142
HECKMAN BINDERY INC.
-4-1000
SEPT 99 Bound - To- Please® N. MANCHESTER, INDIANA 46962
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.